treatments-xml/data/03/F6/87/03F687C9FA3EB467FF2768B0120FC934.xml

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<mods:title id="A571CB9C7A5EB840A90B69A4B9AD966E">New enigmatic species of the genus Pediobius (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) from Afrotropics, with notes on related genera</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03F687C9FA3EB467FF2768B0120FC934" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5959787" ID-GBIF-Taxon="146016083" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5959787" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F687C9FA3EB467FF2768B0120FC934" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F687C9FA3EB467FF2768B0120FC934" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="208" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">
<subSubSection id="C3456554FA3EB461FF2768B01188CB77" pageId="1" pageNumber="202" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE036DFFA3EB461FF2768B010CFCA93" blockId="1.[151,428,1233,1294]" box="[151,428,1233,1258]" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">
<heading id="D0A881B3FA3EB461FF2768B010CFCA93" bold="true" box="[151,428,1233,1258]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="202" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3EB461FF2768B010CFCA93" ID-CoL="6K27" ID-ENA="108665" authority="Walker, 1846" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[151,428,1233,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3EB461FF2768B010CFCA93" bold="true" box="[151,428,1233,1258]" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3EB461FF2768B0106BCA93" bold="true" box="[151,264,1233,1258]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">Pediobius</emphasis>
Walker, 1846
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036DFFA3EB461FF2768941188CB77" blockId="1.[151,428,1233,1294]" box="[151,235,1269,1294]" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">
(
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3EB461FF2F68941180CB77" box="[159,227,1269,1294]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[354,1210,204,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[354,1210,196,1887]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. MorPhology of the sPecies of Pediobius: A, P. arcuatus Kerrich, habitus of the female; B, P. bruchicida (Rondani) (head and mesosoma, lateral vieW, SEM); C, P. imbreus walker (tyPe sPecies of Pediobius), ProPodeum, SEM; D–F, P. derroni Bouček, SEM: D, face; E, ProPodeum; F, loWer face (md, mandible)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294722/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3456554FA3EB461FF27695F13B9CBB7" pageId="1" pageNumber="202" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE036DFFA3EB461FF27695F1197CBE8" blockId="1.[151,1437,1341,1639]" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3EB461FF27695F10A8CB2A" box="[151,459,1341,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Microterus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3EB461FF27695F1064CB2A" box="[151,263,1342,1363]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">Microterus</emphasis>
SPinola, 1811: 151
</taxonomicName>
–152. TyPe sPecies: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3EB461FD2A695C120DCB2A" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1808" box="[666,878,1341,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Diplolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petiolatus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3EB461FD2A695C120DCB2A" box="[666,878,1341,1363]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">Diplolepis petiolatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
SPinola, by subsequent designation of Gahan &amp; Fagan 1923: 89. Synonymized by Bouček 1965: 7. Regarded as 
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3EB461FCA5693C12CFCB0B" box="[789,940,1372,1394]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">nomen oblitum</emphasis>
in favor of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3EB461FB97693D15BECB0B" authority="walker" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[1063,1245,1372,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3EB461FB97693D15EFCB0B" box="[1063,1164,1372,1394]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">Pediobius</emphasis>
walker
</taxonomicName>
by Hansson 2002: 146.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036DFFA3EB461FF2769F813B9CBB7" blockId="1.[151,1437,1341,1639]" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3EB461FF2769F810F0CBD6" authority="walker, 1846" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[151,403,1433,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3EB461FF2769F8119FCBD6" box="[151,252,1433,1455]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">Pediobius</emphasis>
walker, 1846
</taxonomicName>
: 184 (as a subgenus of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3EB461FD2569F8122BCBD6" authority="Dalman" authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1820" box="[661,840,1433,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Entedon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3EB461FD2569F8138ACBD6" box="[661,745,1433,1455]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">Entedon</emphasis>
Dalman
</taxonomicName>
). TyPe sPecies: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3EB461FC4269F81442CBD6" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[1010,1313,1433,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Entedon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imbreus" subGenus="Pediobius">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3EB461FC4269F81524CBD6" box="[1010,1095,1433,1455]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">Entedon</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3EB461FBE969F815DDCBD6" box="[1113,1214,1433,1455]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">Pediobius</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3EB461FB6069F81442CBD6" box="[1232,1313,1433,1455]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">imbreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
walker, by subsequent designation of Ashmead 1904: 344, 384.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3456554FA3EB461FF2769B715F1C81E" pageId="1" pageNumber="202" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE036DFFA3EB461FF2769B713EAC872" blockId="1.[151,1437,1341,1639]" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3EB461FF2769B710B1CB95" authority="Forster, 1856: 78" authorityName="Forster" authorityPageNumber="78" authorityYear="1856" box="[151,466,1494,1516]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pleurotropis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3EB461FF2769B71076CB95" box="[151,277,1494,1516]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">Pleurotropis</emphasis>
Förster, 1856: 78
</taxonomicName>
, 82. TyPe sPecies: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3EB461FD2A69B712ADCB95" ID-CoL="6VRWQ" authority="Forster" authorityName="Forster" box="[666,974,1494,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pleurotropis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isomerus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3EB461FD2A69B7121ECB94" box="[666,893,1494,1517]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">Pleurotropis isomerus</emphasis>
Förster
</taxonomicName>
, by subsequent designation of Förster 1861: xxxvii. Synonymized by Ferrière 1953: 400.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036DFFA3EB461FF276A75159BC850" blockId="1.[151,1437,1341,1639]" box="[151,1272,1555,1578]" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3EB461FF276A751083C853" ID-CoL="6K28" authority="Girault, 1913: 155" authorityName="Girault" authorityPageNumber="155" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,480,1556,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3EB461FF276A75107EC853" box="[151,285,1556,1578]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">Pediobomyia</emphasis>
Girault, 1913: 155
</taxonomicName>
. TyPe sPecies (by original designation): 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3EB461FCC96A7515BDC853" ID-CoL="6TYBL" authority="Girault. Syn." authorityName="Girault. Syn." box="[889,1246,1555,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darwini">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3EB461FCC96A751537C853" box="[889,1108,1556,1578]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">Pediobomyia darwini</emphasis>
Girault. 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21857B6FA3EB461FB1E6A7215BDC853" box="[1198,1246,1555,1578]" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3EB461FB1E6A7215BDC853" bold="true" box="[1198,1246,1555,1578]" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">Syn.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3EB461FB546A75159BC850" bold="true" box="[1252,1272,1556,1577]" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">n.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036DFFA3EB461FF276A52145AC831" blockId="1.[151,1437,1341,1639]" box="[151,1337,1586,1609]" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3EB461FF276A521095C830" ID-CoL="79HQ" authority="Girault, 1919: 166" authorityName="Girault" authorityPageNumber="166" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,502,1587,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Rhynchentedon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3EB461FF276A521050C830" box="[151,307,1587,1609]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">Rhynchentedon</emphasis>
Girault, 1919: 166
</taxonomicName>
. TyPe sPecies (by original designation): 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3EB461FC206A52147CC830" authority="Girault. Syn." authorityName="Girault. Syn." box="[912,1311,1586,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Rhynchentedon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maximum">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3EB461FC206A5215F7C830" box="[912,1172,1587,1609]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">Rhynchentedon maximum</emphasis>
Girault. 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21857B6FA3EB461FB5F6A53147CC830" box="[1263,1311,1586,1609]" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3EB461FB5F6A53147CC830" bold="true" box="[1263,1311,1586,1609]" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">Syn.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3EB461FA956A52145AC831" bold="true" box="[1317,1337,1587,1608]" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">n.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036DFFA3EB461FF276A3315F1C81E" blockId="1.[151,1437,1341,1639]" box="[151,1170,1617,1639]" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">
For full synonymy and diagnoses see Hansson (2002), Hansson &amp; Nishida (2002), Cao 
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3EB461FBBF6A331558C81E" box="[1039,1083,1617,1639]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">et al</emphasis>
. (2016).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3456554FA3EB462FF276AF51467CF1D" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="203" pageId="1" pageNumber="202" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE036DFFA3EB462FF276AF51467CF1D" blockId="1.[151,1437,1684,2033]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="203" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3EB461FF276AF51064C8D4" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[151,263,1684,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3EB461FF276AF51064C8D4" box="[151,263,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">Pediobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is rather species-rich and morphologically diverse, and the species described below expand the concepts of morphological diversity within the genus. If all data is combined, the genus may be diagnosed as follows (
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3EB461FADF6AD911CBC88D" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[354,1210,204,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[354,1210,196,1887]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. MorPhology of the sPecies of Pediobius: A, P. arcuatus Kerrich, habitus of the female; B, P. bruchicida (Rondani) (head and mesosoma, lateral vieW, SEM); C, P. imbreus walker (tyPe sPecies of Pediobius), ProPodeum, SEM; D–F, P. derroni Bouček, SEM: D, face; E, ProPodeum; F, loWer face (md, mandible)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294722/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
): body dark, black or with metallic tint (
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3EB461FD366ABD1387C88D" box="[646,740,1756,1781]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[354,1210,204,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[354,1210,196,1887]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. MorPhology of the sPecies of Pediobius: A, P. arcuatus Kerrich, habitus of the female; B, P. bruchicida (Rondani) (head and mesosoma, lateral vieW, SEM); C, P. imbreus walker (tyPe sPecies of Pediobius), ProPodeum, SEM; D–F, P. derroni Bouček, SEM: D, face; E, ProPodeum; F, loWer face (md, mandible)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294722/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
); head with complete frontal sulcus, more or less flat (most species, 
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3EB461FF486B611032C961" box="[248,337,1792,1817]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[354,1210,204,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[354,1210,196,1887]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. MorPhology of the sPecies of Pediobius: A, P. arcuatus Kerrich, habitus of the female; B, P. bruchicida (Rondani) (head and mesosoma, lateral vieW, SEM); C, P. imbreus walker (tyPe sPecies of Pediobius), ProPodeum, SEM; D–F, P. derroni Bouček, SEM: D, face; E, ProPodeum; F, loWer face (md, mandible)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294722/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
) or largely smooth, convex (
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3EB461FD106B611261C961" authorityName="Gumovsky" authorityYear="2018" box="[672,770,1792,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afroteres">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3EB461FD106B611261C961" box="[672,770,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">afroteres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, 
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3EB461FCEE6B6112BEC961" box="[862,989,1792,1817]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1710,1732]" captionTargetBox="[151,1426,193,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1689]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pediobius afroteres. A–D, head and anterior Part of mesosoma (holotyPe, South Africa, SAMC): A, dorsal vieW; C, fronto-lateral vieW; B, D, frontal vieW; E, F, ParatyPes, lateral vieW (Kenya, reared from coffee berries, BMNH): E, female, F, male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294736/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">Figs 9B–D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3EB461FC5B6B611505C961" box="[1003,1126,1792,1816]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1567,1589]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1544]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,193,1545]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Pediobius afroteres, SEM. A–C, ParatyPe female (Kenya, reared from coffee berries, BMNH): A, head in frontal vieW, B, C, lateral vieW (B, habitus, C, head, mesosoma and base of metasoma); D, E, ParatyPe males: D, head in lateral vieW (South Africa, SANC), E, head, mesosoma and base of metasoma (Kenya, reared from coffee berries, BMNH)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294738/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">10A, C, D</figureCitation>
); lower face slightly (most species, 
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3EB461FF466B45100FC945" box="[246,364,1828,1853]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[354,1210,204,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[354,1210,196,1887]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. MorPhology of the sPecies of Pediobius: A, P. arcuatus Kerrich, habitus of the female; B, P. bruchicida (Rondani) (head and mesosoma, lateral vieW, SEM); C, P. imbreus walker (tyPe sPecies of Pediobius), ProPodeum, SEM; D–F, P. derroni Bouček, SEM: D, face; E, ProPodeum; F, loWer face (md, mandible)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294722/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">Fig. 2D, F</figureCitation>
) or considerably narrowed (groups 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3EB461FCB06B451225C944" authorityName="Gumovsky" authorityYear="2018" box="[768,838,1828,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="askari">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3EB461FCB06B451225C944" box="[768,838,1828,1853]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">askari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3EB461FCE56B4512DDC945" box="[853,958,1828,1853]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1886,1908]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,1865]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 12. Pediobius askari. A–D, holotyPe female (South Africa, BMNH), E, ParatyPe female (Tanzania, SAMC). A, B, habitus: A, dorsal vieW, B, lateral vieW; C, D, head and anterior Part of mesosoma: C, fronto-lateral vieW, D, dorsal vieW; E, head, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma in dorso-lateral vieW." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294742/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">Figs 12C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3EB461FC7A6B451522C945" box="[970,1089,1828,1852]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1482,1504]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1461]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1461]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 13. Pediobius askari, ParatyPe female (ZimbabWe, BMNH), SEM. A, B, head, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma: A, ventro-lateral vieW, B, dorso-lateral vieW; C, head in frontal vieW; D, mouth oPening and mandibles; E, ProPodeum and Petiole in lateral vieW; F, head in dorso-lateral vieW." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294744/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">13A, C, D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3EB461FBFD6B4515FFC945" box="[1101,1180,1828,1852]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[217,1370,195,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[217,1370,195,1896]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 14. Pediobius maleficus. A–C, holotyPe female (DRC, RMCA): A, B, habitus: A, dorsal vieW, B, lateral vieW; C, head and mesosoma in dorsal vieW; D–F, ParatyPes: D, E, male (Gabon, SAMC), F, female (DRC, RMCA); D, head and anterior Part of mesosoma in dorsal vieW; E, F, head in frontal vieW." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294746/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">14E, F</figureCitation>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3EB461FB186B451469C945" authorityName="Gumovsky" authorityYear="2018" box="[1192,1290,1828,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afroteres">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3EB461FB186B451469C945" box="[1192,1290,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">afroteres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3EB461FAAA6B4514F4C945" box="[1306,1431,1828,1853]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1710,1732]" captionTargetBox="[151,1426,193,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1689]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pediobius afroteres. A–D, head and anterior Part of mesosoma (holotyPe, South Africa, SAMC): A, dorsal vieW; C, fronto-lateral vieW; B, D, frontal vieW; E, F, ParatyPes, lateral vieW (Kenya, reared from coffee berries, BMNH): E, female, F, male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294736/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">Figs 9B–D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3EB461FF276B29106CC919" box="[151,271,1864,1888]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1567,1589]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1544]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,193,1545]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Pediobius afroteres, SEM. A–C, ParatyPe female (Kenya, reared from coffee berries, BMNH): A, head in frontal vieW, B, C, lateral vieW (B, habitus, C, head, mesosoma and base of metasoma); D, E, ParatyPe males: D, head in lateral vieW (South Africa, SANC), E, head, mesosoma and base of metasoma (Kenya, reared from coffee berries, BMNH)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294738/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">10A, C, D</figureCitation>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3EB461FEAC6B2810E3C919" box="[284,384,1865,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maximus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3EB461FEAC6B2810E3C919" box="[284,384,1865,1888]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">maximus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3EB461FE206B291084C919" box="[400,487,1864,1889]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1703,1725]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1682]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–C, Pediobius sPP.: A–C, formerly classified in Rhynchentedon, D–E, formerly classified in Pediobomyia. A, P. achterbergi (Malaysia); B–C, P. maximus (SingaPore): B, head in frontal vieW With mouth oPening and mandibles in inset; C, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma of the holotyPe (BMNH); D, E, P. darwini (Australia): D, head, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma in lateral vieW, E, loWer face and mandible in lateral vieW." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294724/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3EB461FE446B291328C918" box="[500,587,1864,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darwini">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3EB461FE446B291328C918" box="[500,587,1864,1889]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">darwini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3EB461FDEC6B2913B5C919" box="[604,726,1864,1889]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1703,1725]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1682]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–C, Pediobius sPP.: A–C, formerly classified in Rhynchentedon, D–E, formerly classified in Pediobomyia. A, P. achterbergi (Malaysia); B–C, P. maximus (SingaPore): B, head in frontal vieW With mouth oPening and mandibles in inset; C, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma of the holotyPe (BMNH); D, E, P. darwini (Australia): D, head, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma in lateral vieW, E, loWer face and mandible in lateral vieW." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294724/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">Fig. 3D, E</figureCitation>
); pronotal collar marked by a weak or strong carina (
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3EB461FA856B2914EDC919" box="[1333,1422,1864,1889]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[354,1210,204,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[354,1210,196,1887]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. MorPhology of the sPecies of Pediobius: A, P. arcuatus Kerrich, habitus of the female; B, P. bruchicida (Rondani) (head and mesosoma, lateral vieW, SEM); C, P. imbreus walker (tyPe sPecies of Pediobius), ProPodeum, SEM; D–F, P. derroni Bouček, SEM: D, face; E, ProPodeum; F, loWer face (md, mandible)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294722/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
); propleurae widely curved over lateral panel of pronotum (
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3EB461FC9E6B0D12EBC9FD" box="[814,904,1900,1925]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[354,1210,204,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[354,1210,196,1887]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. MorPhology of the sPecies of Pediobius: A, P. arcuatus Kerrich, habitus of the female; B, P. bruchicida (Rondani) (head and mesosoma, lateral vieW, SEM); C, P. imbreus walker (tyPe sPecies of Pediobius), ProPodeum, SEM; D–F, P. derroni Bouček, SEM: D, face; E, ProPodeum; F, loWer face (md, mandible)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294722/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
, pl1/f); mesoscutum without a median groove, with notauli marked at least by depressions (often traceable as deep marginated foveae); mesoscutellum mostly without median groove, lightly or coarsely reticulated, occasionally with lateral groves (
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3EB461FB156BD4141BC9B4" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" box="[1189,1400,1972,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alcaeus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3EB461FB156BD41474C9B4" box="[1189,1303,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">P. alcaeus</emphasis>
Walker
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3EB461FA376BD410F1C988" authority="Cao &amp; Zhu" authorityName="Cao &amp; Zhu" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisulcatus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3EB461FA376BD4106AC988" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="202">P. bisulcatus</emphasis>
Cao &amp; Zhu
</taxonomicName>
); mesosternum with narrowly extended anterior border slightly overlapping posterior border of prepectus (
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3DB462FE856CF610F3CEC9" box="[309,400,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[354,1210,204,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[354,1210,196,1887]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. MorPhology of the sPecies of Pediobius: A, P. arcuatus Kerrich, habitus of the female; B, P. bruchicida (Rondani) (head and mesosoma, lateral vieW, SEM); C, P. imbreus walker (tyPe sPecies of Pediobius), ProPodeum, SEM; D–F, P. derroni Bouček, SEM: D, face; E, ProPodeum; F, loWer face (md, mandible)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294722/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
, eps2/p); transepimeral sulcus present, grooved, weakly or strongly curved (
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3DB462FAB26CF6143FCEC9" box="[1282,1372,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[354,1210,204,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[354,1210,196,1887]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. MorPhology of the sPecies of Pediobius: A, P. arcuatus Kerrich, habitus of the female; B, P. bruchicida (Rondani) (head and mesosoma, lateral vieW, SEM); C, P. imbreus walker (tyPe sPecies of Pediobius), ProPodeum, SEM; D–F, P. derroni Bouček, SEM: D, face; E, ProPodeum; F, loWer face (md, mandible)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294722/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
, tps); metapleuron with a tooth-like protrusion; propodeum with lateral plicae and small anterior foveae (
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3DB462FB596CDD1400CEAD" box="[1257,1379,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[354,1210,204,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[354,1210,196,1887]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. MorPhology of the sPecies of Pediobius: A, P. arcuatus Kerrich, habitus of the female; B, P. bruchicida (Rondani) (head and mesosoma, lateral vieW, SEM); C, P. imbreus walker (tyPe sPecies of Pediobius), ProPodeum, SEM; D–F, P. derroni Bouček, SEM: D, face; E, ProPodeum; F, loWer face (md, mandible)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294722/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Figs 2C, E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3DB462FADF6CDD14EDCEAD" box="[1391,1422,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1936]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1936]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 18. Pediobius sPP. A–D, Posterior Part of mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma in dorsal vieW." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294754/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">18</figureCitation>
); median area of propodeum with two carinae diverging posteriorly (most species, 
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3DB462FBEB6CBE15BFCE81" box="[1115,1244,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[354,1210,204,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[354,1210,196,1887]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. MorPhology of the sPecies of Pediobius: A, P. arcuatus Kerrich, habitus of the female; B, P. bruchicida (Rondani) (head and mesosoma, lateral vieW, SEM); C, P. imbreus walker (tyPe sPecies of Pediobius), ProPodeum, SEM; D–F, P. derroni Bouček, SEM: D, face; E, ProPodeum; F, loWer face (md, mandible)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294722/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Fig. 2C, E</figureCitation>
), which may be modified as a raised keel (
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FE706D651376CF64" box="[448,533,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alcaeus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FE706D651376CF64" box="[448,533,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">alcaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group) or narrow submedian strip (
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FBB16D65153BCF64" box="[1025,1112,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darwini">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FBB16D65153BCF64" box="[1025,1112,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">darwini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, see below); posterior part of propodeum elongate in varying degrees and often forming a delimited area, ‘nucha’ (
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3DB462FB686D461439CF46" box="[1240,1370,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[354,1210,204,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[354,1210,196,1887]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. MorPhology of the sPecies of Pediobius: A, P. arcuatus Kerrich, habitus of the female; B, P. bruchicida (Rondani) (head and mesosoma, lateral vieW, SEM); C, P. imbreus walker (tyPe sPecies of Pediobius), ProPodeum, SEM; D–F, P. derroni Bouček, SEM: D, face; E, ProPodeum; F, loWer face (md, mandible)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294722/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Figs 2C, E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3DB462FADA6D4914EDCF39" box="[1386,1422,296,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1703,1725]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1682]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–C, Pediobius sPP.: A–C, formerly classified in Rhynchentedon, D–E, formerly classified in Pediobomyia. A, P. achterbergi (Malaysia); B–C, P. maximus (SingaPore): B, head in frontal vieW With mouth oPening and mandibles in inset; C, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma of the holotyPe (BMNH); D, E, P. darwini (Australia): D, head, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma in lateral vieW, E, loWer face and mandible in lateral vieW." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294724/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">3C</figureCitation>
); metasomal petiole distinct, robust and sculptured, often with raised upper edges (
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3DB462FB936D2D15FDCF1D" box="[1059,1182,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[354,1210,204,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[354,1210,196,1887]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. MorPhology of the sPecies of Pediobius: A, P. arcuatus Kerrich, habitus of the female; B, P. bruchicida (Rondani) (head and mesosoma, lateral vieW, SEM); C, P. imbreus walker (tyPe sPecies of Pediobius), ProPodeum, SEM; D–F, P. derroni Bouček, SEM: D, face; E, ProPodeum; F, loWer face (md, mandible)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294722/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Figs 2C, E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3DB462FB196D2D15AFCF1D" box="[1193,1228,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1703,1725]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1682]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–C, Pediobius sPP.: A–C, formerly classified in Rhynchentedon, D–E, formerly classified in Pediobomyia. A, P. achterbergi (Malaysia); B–C, P. maximus (SingaPore): B, head in frontal vieW With mouth oPening and mandibles in inset; C, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma of the holotyPe (BMNH); D, E, P. darwini (Australia): D, head, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma in lateral vieW, E, loWer face and mandible in lateral vieW." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294724/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">3C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3DB462FB686D2D1594CF1D" box="[1240,1271,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1936]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1936]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 18. Pediobius sPP. A–D, Posterior Part of mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma in dorsal vieW." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294754/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">18</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3456554FA3DB462FF776D0E106ACDB1" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BE036DFFA3DB462FF776D0E11BCCC45" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FF776D0E10C2CFF1" bold="true" box="[199,417,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Hosts and biology.</emphasis>
The species of the genus are characterized by conceivably the widest host spectrum among 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FF276DF5104BCFD4" box="[151,296,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Entedoninae">Entedoninae</taxonomicName>
: the reliable records range from larvae and pupae of Lepidoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera to larvae of thrips and egg sacks of spiders; hyperparasitoids are also common among species of the genus (Bouček 1965; Noyes 2017). Ironically, the data on immature stages are limited for such a biologically diverse genus. The available records suggest that 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FE406D9E1303CC61" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[496,608,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FE406D9E1303CC61" box="[496,608,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Pediobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are endoparasitoids with three larval instars (e.g., Bledsoe 
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FAD26E6014F6CC61" box="[1378,1429,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">et al</emphasis>
. 1983).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036DFFA3DB462FF776E26106ACDB1" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FF776E261023CC19" bold="true" box="[199,320,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Revisions.</emphasis>
The first comparative revision of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FD6B6E261228CC19" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[731,843,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FD6B6E261228CC19" box="[731,843,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Pediobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was provided by Bouček (1965) for its European species; which is still mostly up to date half a century after its publication, apart from a few nomenclatural changes. The Nearctic species were reviewed by Peck (1985) and the species occurring in the Japanese islands were keyed by Kamijo (1986). These reviews remain the main inventories for these regions. The Australasian species were listed and reviewed by Bouček (1988), and later reviewed by C. Burwell in his PhD thesis (Burwell 1995, unpubl.). The most recent comparative reviews are the revisions of Neotropical species by Hansson (2002) and of the Chinese species by Cao 
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FE1E6F401083CD41" box="[430,480,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">et al</emphasis>
. (2017). The species from Indomalayan (
<collectingRegion id="499BF83DFA3DB462FC0B6F7E1579CD41" box="[955,1050,799,824]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Orientale" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Oriental</collectingRegion>
) realm were reviewed by Kerrich (1973) in his revision of the tropical and subtropical species of this genus. The Afrotropical species were very selectively reviewed and many hitherto described species as well as major part of museum materials were omitted in that same article. So, the Afrotropical fauna remains one of the most challenging parts of the species diversity of the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3456554FA3DB467FF776FB5120FC934" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="208" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE036DFFA3DB462FF776FB51383CB9C" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FF776FB510B9CD94" bold="true" box="[199,474,980,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Comparative remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FE546FB513CCCD94" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[484,687,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FE546FB51337CD94" box="[484,596,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Pediobius</emphasis>
Walker
</taxonomicName>
is the core genus of its genus complex, which was proposed to include also 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FE9E6F96135BCA69" authority="Girault" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1919" box="[302,568,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Rhynchentedon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FE9E6F9610B8CA69" box="[302,475,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Rhynchentedon</emphasis>
Girault
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FDF96F961259CA69" authority="Girault" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1913" box="[585,826,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FDF96F9613BECA69" box="[585,733,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Pediobomyia</emphasis>
Girault
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FCFB6F96154ECA69" authority="Boucek" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1972" box="[843,1069,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Myrmokata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FCFB6F9612AFCA69" box="[843,972,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Myrmokata</emphasis>
Bouček
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FBDD6F961009CA4D" authority="Schauff (Gumovsky 2001)" authorityName="Schauff (Gumovsky" authorityYear="2001" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Microdonophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FBDD6F96145ACA69" box="[1133,1337,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Microdonophagus</emphasis>
Schauff (Gumovsky 2001)
</taxonomicName>
. The complex was characterized (Gumovsky 2001, 2003) by the wide and robust propleural flange (bending to anterior margin of the pronotal panel, 
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3DB462FC95685E121ECA21" box="[805,893,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[354,1210,204,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[354,1210,196,1887]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. MorPhology of the sPecies of Pediobius: A, P. arcuatus Kerrich, habitus of the female; B, P. bruchicida (Rondani) (head and mesosoma, lateral vieW, SEM); C, P. imbreus walker (tyPe sPecies of Pediobius), ProPodeum, SEM; D–F, P. derroni Bouček, SEM: D, face; E, ProPodeum; F, loWer face (md, mandible)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294722/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
, pl1/f), the anterior edge of mesosternum being narrowly extended and overlapping the prepectus (
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3DB462FD5868051227CA05" box="[744,836,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[354,1210,204,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[354,1210,196,1887]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. MorPhology of the sPecies of Pediobius: A, P. arcuatus Kerrich, habitus of the female; B, P. bruchicida (Rondani) (head and mesosoma, lateral vieW, SEM); C, P. imbreus walker (tyPe sPecies of Pediobius), ProPodeum, SEM; D–F, P. derroni Bouček, SEM: D, face; E, ProPodeum; F, loWer face (md, mandible)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294722/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
, eps2/p), the lateral metapleural callus toothed, the metasomal petiole wide, robust, the propodeum with submedian foveae and more or less developed submedian propodeal carinae (
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3DB462FEC368CD1097CABD" box="[371,500,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[354,1210,204,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[354,1210,196,1887]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. MorPhology of the sPecies of Pediobius: A, P. arcuatus Kerrich, habitus of the female; B, P. bruchicida (Rondani) (head and mesosoma, lateral vieW, SEM); C, P. imbreus walker (tyPe sPecies of Pediobius), ProPodeum, SEM; D–F, P. derroni Bouček, SEM: D, face; E, ProPodeum; F, loWer face (md, mandible)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294722/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Figs 2C, E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3DB462FDB368CD1345CABD" box="[515,550,1196,1220]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1703,1725]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1682]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–C, Pediobius sPP.: A–C, formerly classified in Rhynchentedon, D–E, formerly classified in Pediobomyia. A, P. achterbergi (Malaysia); B–C, P. maximus (SingaPore): B, head in frontal vieW With mouth oPening and mandibles in inset; C, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma of the holotyPe (BMNH); D, E, P. darwini (Australia): D, head, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma in lateral vieW, E, loWer face and mandible in lateral vieW." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294724/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">3C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3DB462FD8568CD133BCABD" box="[565,600,1196,1220]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,553,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,553,1924]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Myrmokata diparoides (DRC): A, B, head, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma: A, lateral vieW, B, dorsal vieW; C, head and anterior Part of mesosoma, vieWed under angle; D, face; E, Posterior Part of mesosoma, ProPodeum and anterior Part of metasoma With tiny scutellar seta arroWed in inset." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294726/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">4E</figureCitation>
). Hansson 
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FD6968CC126ECABC" box="[729,781,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">et al</emphasis>
. (2011) suggested sister-group relationships between the genera 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FF5C68B01010CA91" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1843" box="[236,371,1233,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Horismenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FF5C68B01010CA91" box="[236,371,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Horismenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FE0168AE131ECA91" authorityName="Schauff (Gumovsky" authorityYear="2001" box="[433,637,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Microdonophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FE0168AE131ECA91" box="[433,637,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Microdonophagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which were supported by the sculpture of propodeum in the newly described species of the latter. The close relationships between 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FCD5689512B6CB74" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[869,981,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FCD5689512B6CB74" box="[869,981,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Pediobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FC54689515F2CB74" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1919" box="[996,1169,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Rhynchentedon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FC54689515F2CB74" box="[996,1169,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Rhynchentedon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FB7A6895143DCB74" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1913" box="[1226,1374,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FB7A6895143DCB74" box="[1226,1374,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Pediobomyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were confirmed by Burks 
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FE21697810A4CB49" box="[401,455,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">et al</emphasis>
. (2011); however, the hierarchy of these relationships was not established due to disagreement of the phylogenetic patterns resultant from different analyses. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FBA5695D15A2CB2C" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1919" box="[1045,1217,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Rhynchentedon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FBA5695D15A2CB2C" box="[1045,1217,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Rhynchentedon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FB64695D140BCB2C" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1913" box="[1236,1384,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FB64695D140BCB2C" box="[1236,1384,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Pediobomyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FF27693E107ACB01" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1972" box="[151,281,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Myrmokata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FF27693E107ACB01" box="[151,281,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Myrmokata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were also characterized by the narrowed lower face resembling the species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FB06693E1445CB01" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[1206,1318,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FB06693E1445CB01" box="[1206,1318,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Pediobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described below. The wide range of the head shape and sculpture, as well as the variety of other characters (e.g. the sculpture of dorsum) in the species described below in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FD0969C8124ACBB9" authorityName="Kerrich" authorityYear="1973" box="[697,809,1449,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marjoriae">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FD0969C8124ACBB9" box="[697,809,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">marjoriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FC8769C912F9CBB9" authorityName="Gumovsky" authorityYear="2018" box="[823,922,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afroteres">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FC8769C912F9CBB9" box="[823,922,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">afroteres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FC6069C61575CBB9" authorityName="Gumovsky" authorityYear="2018" box="[976,1046,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="askari">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FC6069C61575CBB9" box="[976,1046,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">askari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
groups, suggest reconsideration of the status of some genera of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FDB069AD1313CB9C" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[512,624,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FDB069AD1313CB9C" box="[512,624,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Pediobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036DFFA3DB462FF77698E14FFC9ED" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">
The genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FEE1698E109DC871" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1919" box="[337,510,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Rhynchentedon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FEE1698E109DC871" box="[337,510,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Rhynchentedon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by Girault (1919) and then reviewed by Bouček (1988) and Gumovsky (2001, 2004). The genus is characterized by the narrowed and elongate lower face with concave genae, the reduced mandibles, wide propleural flange, densely setose axilla, transepimeral sulcus continued into a dropshaped fovea, and the propodeum with spiracles situated in depressions and with diverging submedian carinae (
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3DB462FADF6A3D11BDC8E1" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1703,1725]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1682]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–C, Pediobius sPP.: A–C, formerly classified in Rhynchentedon, D–E, formerly classified in Pediobomyia. A, P. achterbergi (Malaysia); B–C, P. maximus (SingaPore): B, head in frontal vieW With mouth oPening and mandibles in inset; C, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma of the holotyPe (BMNH); D, E, P. darwini (Australia): D, head, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma in lateral vieW, E, loWer face and mandible in lateral vieW." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294724/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Fig. 3A–C</figureCitation>
; Gumovsky 2001). In general, apart from the narrowed lower face and reduced mandibles, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FB5F6A1E14FFC8E1" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1919" box="[1263,1436,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Rhynchentedon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FB5F6A1E14FFC8E1" box="[1263,1436,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Rhynchentedon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species resemble coarser sculptured and more setose representatives of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FC026AC51541C8C4" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[946,1058,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FC026AC51541C8C4" box="[946,1058,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Pediobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The concave genae covered with dense setae may be considered a distinctive feature of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FD466AA612C0C899" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1919" box="[758,931,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Rhynchentedon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FD466AA612C0C899" box="[758,931,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Rhynchentedon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3DB462FC026AA6156AC899" box="[946,1033,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1703,1725]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1682]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–C, Pediobius sPP.: A–C, formerly classified in Rhynchentedon, D–E, formerly classified in Pediobomyia. A, P. achterbergi (Malaysia); B–C, P. maximus (SingaPore): B, head in frontal vieW With mouth oPening and mandibles in inset; C, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma of the holotyPe (BMNH); D, E, P. darwini (Australia): D, head, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma in lateral vieW, E, loWer face and mandible in lateral vieW." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294724/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). However, the presence of the very weakly setose genae in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FE2E6A8C13DFC97C" authority="Gumovsky" authorityName="Gumovsky" box="[414,700,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="narendrani">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FE2E6A8C10CCC97D" box="[414,431,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">R</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FE0D6A8D1359C97C" box="[445,570,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">narendrani</emphasis>
Gumovsky
</taxonomicName>
hampers the diagnostic value of this character (Gumovsky 2004). The excessive setation, which is present in places in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FD6E6B7012D6C951" authority="Girault" authorityName="Girault" box="[734,949,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maximus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FD6E6B701203C951" box="[734,864,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">R. maximus</emphasis>
Girault
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FC5B6B70146EC951" authority="Gumovsky" authorityName="Gumovsky" box="[1003,1293,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achterbergi">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FC5B6B7015E9C951" box="[1003,1162,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">R. achterbergi</emphasis>
Gumovsky
</taxonomicName>
, is shared by some Afrotropical 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FED96B5510BAC934" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[361,473,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FED96B5510BAC934" box="[361,473,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Pediobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, namely 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FD276B541210C934" authority="Kerrich" authorityName="Kerrich" authorityYear="1970" box="[663,883,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setigerus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FD276B541274C935" box="[663,791,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">P. setigerus</emphasis>
Kerrich
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FC186B5415A7C934" authority="Boucek. The" authorityName="Boucek. The" authorityYear="1977" box="[936,1220,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multisetis">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FC186B54154CC934" box="[936,1071,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">P. multisetis</emphasis>
Bouček. The
</taxonomicName>
reduced mandibles lacking the cutting edge, are also present in some species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FCD76B3612B4C909" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[871,983,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FCD76B3612B4C909" box="[871,983,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Pediobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, e.g. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FBAC6B38158CC909" authority="Boucek" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1977" box="[1052,1263,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="derroni">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FBAC6B3815EDC909" box="[1052,1166,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">P. derroni</emphasis>
Bouček
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3DB462FAB26B36143BC909" box="[1282,1368,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[354,1210,204,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[354,1210,196,1887]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. MorPhology of the sPecies of Pediobius: A, P. arcuatus Kerrich, habitus of the female; B, P. bruchicida (Rondani) (head and mesosoma, lateral vieW, SEM); C, P. imbreus walker (tyPe sPecies of Pediobius), ProPodeum, SEM; D–F, P. derroni Bouček, SEM: D, face; E, ProPodeum; F, loWer face (md, mandible)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294722/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
, md). Finally, different degrees of elongation of the face occur in species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FC146B1D1577C9EC" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[932,1044,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FC146B1D1577C9EC" box="[932,1044,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Pediobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as described below (
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3DB462FAB56B1D14F2C9ED" box="[1285,1425,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1983,2005]" captionTargetBox="[228,1340,195,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[228,1340,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 17. Pediobius sPP. A–D, head in frontal vieW; E–H, head and anterior Part of mesosoma in dorsal vieW." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294752/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Fig. 17A–D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036DFFA3DB466FF776BC11087CF8C" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="207" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">
The genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FEFC6BC11083C9C0" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1913" box="[332,480,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FEFC6BC11083C9C0" box="[332,480,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">Pediobomyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was erected by Girault (1913) for his species 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3DB462FBBF6BC01581C9C0" authority="Girault" authorityName="Girault" box="[1039,1250,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darwini">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3DB462FBBF6BC015E4C9C0" box="[1039,1159,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="203">P. darwini</emphasis>
Girault
</taxonomicName>
described from Australia. The genus was briefly discussed by Bouček (1988) and Gumovsky (2001). Hansson (2002) updated its diagnosis for two newly described Neotropical species. Narendran 
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3AB465FC166B2012B8C920" box="[934,987,1856,1881]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">et al</emphasis>
. (2007) reviewed this genus based on materials from the Indomalayan (Oriental) realm and synonymized 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3AB465FC086B0515DCC904" authority="Narendran" authorityName="Narendran" authorityYear="2004" box="[952,1215,1892,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Bomyiabius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3AB465FC086B05155FC904" box="[952,1084,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Bomyiabius</emphasis>
Narendran
</taxonomicName>
(described earlier: Narendran 2004) with 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3AB465FE116BE91356C9D8" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1913" box="[417,565,1928,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3AB465FE116BE91356C9D8" box="[417,565,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Pediobomyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. If all concepts are combined, the genus may be diagnosed as a group of entedonines with the lower face narrowed ventrally towards a very small mouth opening, mandibles lacking the cutting edges, scrobal and frontal sulci short grooved (
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA3AB465FD456BB1120EC990" box="[757,877,2000,2025]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1703,1725]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1682]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–C, Pediobius sPP.: A–C, formerly classified in Rhynchentedon, D–E, formerly classified in Pediobomyia. A, P. achterbergi (Malaysia); B–C, P. maximus (SingaPore): B, head in frontal vieW With mouth oPening and mandibles in inset; C, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma of the holotyPe (BMNH); D, E, P. darwini (Australia): D, head, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma in lateral vieW, E, loWer face and mandible in lateral vieW." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294724/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Fig. 3D, E</figureCitation>
), metascutellum with longitudinal carina at lateral margins, propodeum elongate with plicae converging towards petiolar foramen, submedian propodeal carinae diverging posteriorly or subparallel, and propodeal spiracle placed on an elevation, with long pliciform protrusion below it (Bouček 1988, Gumovsky 2001, Hansson 2002). Also, Hansson (2002) suggested that the pronotum is strongly reduced and hardly visible in dorsal view in the Neotropical species assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA39B466FB356D65147ACF64" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1913" box="[1157,1305,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA39B466FB356D65147ACF64" box="[1157,1305,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Pediobomyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The genus has been considered as morphologically distinct, if its species were compared to the described species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA39B466FA9C6D4614FFCF39" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[1324,1436,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA39B466FA9C6D4614FFCF39" box="[1324,1436,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Pediobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA39B466FF056D2D1359CF1D" authority="(Gumovsky 2001)" authorityName="Gumovsky" authorityYear="2001" baseAuthorityName="Gumovsky" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[181,570,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Rhynchentedon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA39B466FF056D2D1001CF1C" box="[181,354,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Rhynchentedon</emphasis>
(Gumovsky 2001)
</taxonomicName>
. However, if the representatives of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA39B466FC796D2D153ECF1C" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1913" box="[969,1117,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA39B466FC796D2D153ECF1C" box="[969,1117,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Pediobomyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are compared to the species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA39B466FF056D111074CFF1" authorityName="Gumovsky" authorityYear="2018" box="[181,279,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afroteres">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA39B466FF056D111074CFF1" box="[181,279,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">afroteres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA39B466FE356D0E1096CFF1" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[389,501,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA39B466FE356D0E1096CFF1" box="[389,501,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Pediobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(described below: 
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA39B466FD7B6D0E125FCFF1" box="[715,828,367,392]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 8" captionStart-1="FIGURE 9" captionStart-2="FIGURE 10" captionStart-3="FIGURE 11" captionStartId-0="15.[151,250,1904,1926]" captionStartId-1="16.[151,250,1710,1732]" captionStartId-2="18.[151,250,1567,1589]" captionStartId-3="20.[151,250,1982,2004]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,193,1883]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1426,193,1685]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,193,1544]" captionTargetBox-3="[152,1436,409,1960]" captionTargetId-0="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1883]" captionTargetId-1="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1689]" captionTargetId-2="figure@18.[151,1436,193,1545]" captionTargetId-3="figure@20.[151,1436,409,1960]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="18" captionTargetPageId-3="20" captionText-0="FIGURE 8. Pediobius afroteres. A–C, habitus (holotyPe, South Africa, BMNH): A, dorsal vieW, B, C, lateral vieW; D, head and mesosoma in dorsal vieW (holotyPe); E, Posterior Part of mesosoma and anterior Part of mesosoma in dorsal vieW (ParatyPe, Kenya, BMNH)." captionText-1="FIGURE 9. Pediobius afroteres. A–D, head and anterior Part of mesosoma (holotyPe, South Africa, SAMC): A, dorsal vieW; C, fronto-lateral vieW; B, D, frontal vieW; E, F, ParatyPes, lateral vieW (Kenya, reared from coffee berries, BMNH): E, female, F, male." captionText-2="FIGURE 10. Pediobius afroteres, SEM. A–C, ParatyPe female (Kenya, reared from coffee berries, BMNH): A, head in frontal vieW, B, C, lateral vieW (B, habitus, C, head, mesosoma and base of metasoma); D, E, ParatyPe males: D, head in lateral vieW (South Africa, SANC), E, head, mesosoma and base of metasoma (Kenya, reared from coffee berries, BMNH)." captionText-3="FIGURE 11. Pediobius kafroteres. A, habitus (holotyPe male, Cameroon, SAMC): A, habitus; B, ProPodeum and Petiole in lateral vieW; C, head in lateral vieW; D, head in dorso-frontal vieW; E, mesosoma and base of metasoma." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1294734/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1294736/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1294738/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/1294740/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Figs 8–11</figureCitation>
), the differences in head shape and propodeum appear gradual. Furthermore, the representatives of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA39B466FD716DF41252CFD5" authorityName="Kerrich" authorityYear="1973" box="[705,817,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marjoriae">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA39B466FD716DF41252CFD5" box="[705,817,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">marjoriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA39B466FCF26DF512CBCFD4" box="[834,936,404,429]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="10.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,250,1916,1938]" captionStartId-2="13.[151,250,1951,1973]" captionTargetBox-0="[385,1202,193,1894]" captionTargetBox-1="[362,1219,201,1891]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,571,1930]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[385,1202,193,1894]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[362,1219,193,1891]" captionTargetId-2="figure@13.[151,1436,556,1930]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Pediobius marjoriae, tyPe sPecimens (BMNH). A, holotyPe, habitus in lateral vieW (Uganda); B–F, ParatyPe (Uganda): B, face; C, F, mesosoma in dorsal vieW (F, SEM); D, E, fore Wing: D, direct light, E, reflected light, revealing wIP." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Pediobius rohombaya. A, B, D–G, female, C, male. A, B, holotyPe, habitus (CAR, SAMC), variety With dark coxae and femora: A, dorsal vieW, B, lateral vieW; C, male, habitus; D, ParatyPe from Gabon (SAMC), variety With almost entirely Pale legs; E, non-tyPe sPecimen from DRC (RMCA), variety With entirely dark legs and scaPe; F, G, Wings: F, in direct light; G, in reflected light revealing wIP." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Pediobius orungu, holotyPe female (Gabon, SAMC). A, habitus, lateral vieW; B, head and mesosoma in lateral vieW; C, habitus, dorsal vieW; D, head and mesosoma in dorsal vieW; E, Wings in reflected light revealing wIP; F, head in frontal vieW." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1294728/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1294730/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1294732/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Figs 5–7</figureCitation>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA39B466FC5B6DF51552CFD4" authorityName="Gumovsky" authorityYear="2018" box="[1003,1073,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="askari">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA39B466FC5B6DF51552CFD4" box="[1003,1073,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">askari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA39B466FBF26DF515A6CFD4" box="[1090,1221,404,429]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 12" captionStart-1="FIGURE 13" captionStart-2="FIGURE 14" captionStart-3="FIGURE 15" captionStartId-0="22.[151,250,1886,1908]" captionStartId-1="23.[151,250,1482,1504]" captionStartId-2="27.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionStartId-3="28.[151,250,1898,1920]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,193,1865]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1461]" captionTargetBox-2="[217,1370,195,1896]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetId-0="figure@22.[151,1436,193,1865]" captionTargetId-1="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1461]" captionTargetId-2="figure@27.[217,1370,195,1896]" captionTargetId-3="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1877]" captionTargetPageId-0="22" captionTargetPageId-1="23" captionTargetPageId-2="27" captionTargetPageId-3="28" captionText-0="FIGURE 12. Pediobius askari. A–D, holotyPe female (South Africa, BMNH), E, ParatyPe female (Tanzania, SAMC). A, B, habitus: A, dorsal vieW, B, lateral vieW; C, D, head and anterior Part of mesosoma: C, fronto-lateral vieW, D, dorsal vieW; E, head, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma in dorso-lateral vieW." captionText-1="FIGURE 13. Pediobius askari, ParatyPe female (ZimbabWe, BMNH), SEM. A, B, head, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma: A, ventro-lateral vieW, B, dorso-lateral vieW; C, head in frontal vieW; D, mouth oPening and mandibles; E, ProPodeum and Petiole in lateral vieW; F, head in dorso-lateral vieW." captionText-2="FIGURE 14. Pediobius maleficus. A–C, holotyPe female (DRC, RMCA): A, B, habitus: A, dorsal vieW, B, lateral vieW; C, head and mesosoma in dorsal vieW; D–F, ParatyPes: D, E, male (Gabon, SAMC), F, female (DRC, RMCA); D, head and anterior Part of mesosoma in dorsal vieW; E, F, head in frontal vieW." captionText-3="FIGURE 15. Pediobius maleficus. A–D, female With aberrant straight genae (Cameroon, SAMC, SAM-HYM-P011852): A, habitus, B–D, head vieWs, E–H, wIP: E, F, characteristic color Pattern, G, H, aberrant color Pattern: E, female shoWn at A–D; F, holotyPe (DRC, RMCA); G, H, non-tyPe females: G, from Cameroon (SAMC, SAM-HYM-P011920), H, from CAR (SAMC, HYM-SAM-P067854)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1294742/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1294744/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1294746/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/1294748/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Figs 12–15</figureCitation>
) groups which are also described below, demonstrate a range of character states being gradual between the 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA39B466FB216DD91590CFA9" authorityName="Gumovsky" authorityYear="2018" box="[1169,1267,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afroteres">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA39B466FB216DD91590CFA9" box="[1169,1267,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">afroteres</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group and the most other 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA39B466FEA56DBD10E6CF8C" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[277,389,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA39B466FEA56DBD10E6CF8C" box="[277,389,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Pediobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF206657FA3CB463FF276B691396C98C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294720/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" startId="3.[151,250,1800,1822]" targetBox="[302,1249,199,1772]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BE036DFFA3CB463FF276B691396C98C" blockId="3.[151,1436,1800,2037]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3CB463FF276B691076C964" bold="true" box="[151,277,1800,1822]" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Some localities Where collections Were made: A, B, semi-deciduous rainforest betWeen Yedi and Uesa villages (Ituri Province, DRC): A, habitat, B, collecting; C, disturbed area at MongbWalu mining camP (“behind the Titanic block”) (Ituri Province, DRC); D, E, Yangambi, research Plot 1 of COBIMFO Project (Orientale Province, DRC): border betWeen abandoned shamba and secondary forest; F, G, Palabora reserve (LimPoPo Province, South Africa): F, “Dolerite road” site, G, Molengraaf farm; H, I, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3CB463FE3B6BE510BCC9E0" box="[395,479,1924,1945]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tamaricaceae" genus="Tamarix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3CB463FE3B6BE510BCC9E0" box="[395,479,1924,1945]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">Tamarix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
trees at “Madala site” (Gauteng Province, South Africa): H, in APril, I, in November, under Windy Weather bringing dust from nearby mines; J, K, areas near Agnes Mine, vicinities of Barberton (MPumalanga Province, South Africa); A, B, the tyPe locality of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3CB463FD886BA013FDC9AF" authorityName="Gumovsky" authorityYear="2018" box="[568,670,1985,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nganga">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3CB463FD886BA013FDC9AF" box="[568,670,1985,2006]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">P. nganga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; C–I, localities Where 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3CB463FC386BA01549C9AF" authority="Was" authorityName="Was" box="[904,1066,1984,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afroteres">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3CB463FC386BA0129FC9AF" box="[904,1020,1984,2006]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">P. afroteres</emphasis>
Was
</taxonomicName>
collected (F, its tyPe locality); J, K, localities Where 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3CB463FE8C6B8110A1C98C" authority="Was" authorityName="Was" box="[316,450,2015,2037]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="askari">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3CB463FE8C6B8110F7C98C" box="[316,404,2015,2037]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="204">P. askari</emphasis>
Was
</taxonomicName>
collected (J, its tyPe locality).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF206657FA3BB464FF276B091231C9C2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294722/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" startId="4.[151,250,1896,1918]" targetBox="[354,1210,204,1887]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BE036DFFA3BB464FF276B091231C9C2" blockId="4.[151,1436,1896,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3BB464FF276B091071C904" bold="true" box="[151,274,1896,1918]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
MorPhology of the sPecies of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3BB464FDF86B0913CEC907" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[584,685,1896,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3BB464FDF86B0913CEC907" box="[584,685,1896,1918]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Pediobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: A, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3BB464FD696B0812C3C907" authority="Kerrich" authorityName="Kerrich" authorityYear="1973" box="[729,928,1896,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuatus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3BB464FD696B081229C907" box="[729,842,1897,1918]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">P. arcuatus</emphasis>
Kerrich
</taxonomicName>
, habitus of the female; B, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3BB464FB196B0814FFC907" authority="(Rondani)" authorityName="Rondani" baseAuthorityName="Rondani" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1193,1436,1896,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruchicida">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3BB464FB196B08144CC907" box="[1193,1327,1896,1918]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">P. bruchicida</emphasis>
(Rondani)
</taxonomicName>
(head and mesosoma, lateral vieW, SEM); C, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3BB464FDD16BE913A8C9E5" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[609,715,1926,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Entedon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imbreus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3BB464FDD16BE913A8C9E5" box="[609,715,1926,1949]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">P. imbreus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
walker (tyPe sPecies of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3BB464FC756BE71549C9E5" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[965,1066,1926,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3BB464FC756BE71549C9E5" box="[965,1066,1926,1948]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Pediobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), ProPodeum, SEM; D–F, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3BB464FA886BE91184C9C2" authority="Boucek" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1977" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="derroni">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3BB464FA886BE914FFC9E5" box="[1336,1436,1926,1949]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">P. derroni</emphasis>
Bouček
</taxonomicName>
, SEM: D, face; E, ProPodeum; F, loWer face (md, mandible).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF206657FA3AB465FF276AC61293C960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294724/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" startId="5.[151,250,1703,1725]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1682]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BE036DFFA3AB465FF276AC61293C960" blockId="5.[151,1437,1703,1817]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3AB465FF276AC61070C8C5" bold="true" box="[151,275,1703,1725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
A–C, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3AB465FEE66AC610D8C8C4" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[342,443,1703,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3AB465FEE66AC610D8C8C4" box="[342,443,1703,1725]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Pediobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sPP.: A–C, formerly classified in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3AB465FCA46AC612D3C8C4" baseAuthorityName="Gumovsky" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[788,944,1703,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Rhynchentedon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3AB465FCA46AC612D3C8C4" box="[788,944,1703,1725]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Rhynchentedon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, D–E, formerly classified in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3AB465FB686AC6143EC8C4" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1913" box="[1240,1373,1703,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3AB465FB686AC6143EC8C4" box="[1240,1373,1703,1725]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Pediobomyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3AB465FA396AC910E7C8A5" authority="(Malaysia)" baseAuthorityName="Malaysia" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achterbergi">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3AB465FA396AC9106FC8A5" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">P. achterbergi</emphasis>
(Malaysia)
</taxonomicName>
; B–C, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3AB465FE7B6AA613A3C8A5" authority="(SingaPore)" baseAuthorityName="SingaPore" box="[459,704,1734,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maximus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3AB465FE7B6AA6135DC8A5" box="[459,574,1735,1756]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">P. maximus</emphasis>
(SingaPore)
</taxonomicName>
: B, head in frontal vieW With mouth oPening and mandibles in inset; C, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma of the holotyPe (BMNH); D, E, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA3AB465FC1C6A8415F0C883" authority="(Australia)" baseAuthorityName="Australia" box="[940,1171,1764,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darwini">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3AB465FC1C6A8412DBC883" box="[940,952,1765,1786]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA3AB465FC796A85157BC883" box="[969,1048,1764,1786]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">darwini</emphasis>
(Australia)
</taxonomicName>
: D, head, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma in lateral vieW, E, loWer face and mandible in lateral vieW.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF206657FA39B466FF276BF81254C995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294726/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" startId="6.[151,250,1945,1967]" targetBox="[151,1436,553,1924]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BE036DFFA39B466FF276BF81254C995" blockId="6.[151,1435,1945,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA39B466FF276BF81077C9D7" bold="true" box="[151,276,1945,1967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA39B466FEAC6BF81366C9D6" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1972" box="[284,517,1945,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Myrmokata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diparoides">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA39B466FEAC6BF81366C9D6" box="[284,517,1945,1967]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">Myrmokata diparoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(DRC): A, B, head, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma: A, lateral vieW, B, dorsal vieW; C, head and anterior Part of mesosoma, vieWed under angle; D, face; E, Posterior Part of mesosoma, ProPodeum and anterior Part of metasoma With tiny scutellar seta arroWed in inset.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE036DFFA38B467FF776CF9104ACF1C" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
A direct comparison of the species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FD136CF61233CEC9" baseAuthorityName="Gumovsky" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[675,848,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Rhynchentedon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FD136CF61233CEC9" box="[675,848,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Rhynchentedon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FC246CF6154BCEC9" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1913" box="[916,1064,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FC246CF6154BCEC9" box="[916,1064,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Pediobomyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FA9C6CF614FFCEC9" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[1324,1436,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FA9C6CF614FFCEC9" box="[1324,1436,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Pediobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mentioned above suggests the gradual nature of the characters used to distinguish them. So, notwithstanding their odd general appearance, the species which have been classified in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FCCF6CBE154FCE81" baseAuthorityName="Gumovsky" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[895,1068,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Rhynchentedon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FCCF6CBE154FCE81" box="[895,1068,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Rhynchentedon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FBD26CBE1595CE81" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1913" box="[1122,1270,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FBD26CBE1595CE81" box="[1122,1270,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Pediobomyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as well as the species described below) appear derived groups within speciose and diverse genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FB2F6D65146CCF64" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[1183,1295,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FB2F6D65146CCF64" box="[1183,1295,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Pediobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Therefore, morphological evidence suggests that keeping all these species in separate genera putatively renders 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FA9C6D4614FFCF39" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[1324,1436,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FA9C6D4614FFCF39" box="[1324,1436,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Pediobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
paraphyletic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036DFFA38B467FF776D0E1223CCD1" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
The close relationships of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FE5E6D0E133DCFF1" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[494,606,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FE5E6D0E133DCFF1" box="[494,606,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Pediobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FD2E6D0E1228CFF1" baseAuthorityName="Gumovsky" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[670,843,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Rhynchentedon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FD2E6D0E1228CFF1" box="[670,843,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Rhynchentedon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FC316D0E1576CFF1" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1913" box="[897,1045,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FC316D0E1576CFF1" box="[897,1045,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Pediobomyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were demonstrated by Burks 
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FAD46D1014F6CFF1" box="[1380,1429,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">et al</emphasis>
. (2011) using molecular markers. The genera were always closely related in all phylogenetic analyses provided by the authors, and at least in the Bayesian molecular-only results and in the combined morphological and molecular results, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FF5F6DBD10FFCF8C" baseAuthorityName="Gumovsky" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[239,412,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Rhynchentedon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FF5F6DBD10FFCF8C" box="[239,412,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Rhynchentedon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+ 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FE0D6DBD1332CF8C" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1913" box="[445,593,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FE0D6DBD1332CF8C" box="[445,593,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Pediobomyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appeared as a derived node within 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FC596DBD153ACF8C" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[1001,1113,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FC596DBD153ACF8C" box="[1001,1113,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Pediobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with high bootstrap support (Burks 
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FF5B6E601078CC61" box="[235,283,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">et al</emphasis>
. 2011). So, based on original morphological data and in part on results of molecular research of other authors, the generic names 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FE5C6E451394CC44" authority="Girault" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1919" box="[492,759,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Rhynchentedon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FE5C6E4513FACC44" box="[492,665,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Rhynchentedon</emphasis>
Girault
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FC8F6E451551CC44" authority="Girault" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1913" box="[831,1074,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FC8F6E4512B0CC44" box="[831,979,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Pediobomyia</emphasis>
Girault
</taxonomicName>
are hereby considered junior synonyms of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FE826E26109FCC19" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[306,508,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FE826E2610C1CC19" box="[306,418,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Pediobius</emphasis>
Walker
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FDBE6E26133DCC19" bold="true" box="[526,606,583,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">syn. n.</emphasis>
). The following new combinations are resultant from this synonymy: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FA376E281012CCFC" authority="(Girault)" authorityName="Girault" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maximus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FA376E281198CCFD" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">P. maximus</emphasis>
(Girault)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FE386E0C13B0CCFC" authority="(Gumovsky)" authorityName="Gumovsky" box="[392,723,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achterbergi">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FE386E0C1353CCFC" box="[392,560,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">P. achterbergi</emphasis>
(Gumovsky)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FD5A6E0C1553CCFC" authority="(Gumovsky)" authorityName="Gumovsky" box="[746,1072,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="narendrani">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FD5A6E0C12EECCFC" box="[746,909,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">P. narendrani</emphasis>
(Gumovsky)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FBF66E0C1412CCFD" authority="(Hansson)" authorityName="Hansson" box="[1094,1393,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicaulis">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FBF66E0C158BCCFC" box="[1094,1256,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">P. brevicaulis</emphasis>
(Hansson)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FA376E0C10CBCCD1" authority="(Hansson)" authorityName="Hansson" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canaliculatus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FA376E0C104DCCD1" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">P. canaliculatus</emphasis>
(Hansson)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FE6E6EF013D9CCD1" authority="(Girault)" authorityName="Girault" box="[478,698,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darwini">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FE6E6EF01332CCD1" box="[478,593,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">P. darwini</emphasis>
(Girault)
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FD7A6EEE1253CCD1" bold="true" box="[714,816,655,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">comb. n.</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036DFFA38B467FF776ED512F8CA21" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FF776ED5134CCCB4" authority="Narendran" authorityName="Narendran" box="[199,559,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Bomyiabius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FF776ED510C4CCB5" box="[199,423,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Bomyiabius frontus</emphasis>
Narendran
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FDF16ED512AFCCB4" authority="Narendran" authorityName="Narendran" box="[577,972,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="budaicus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FDF16ED5122BCCB4" box="[577,840,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Pediobomyia budaicus</emphasis>
Narendran
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FBA16ED514F4CCB4" authority="Narendran" authorityName="Narendran" box="[1041,1431,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lankicus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FBA16ED51473CCB4" box="[1041,1296,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Pediobomyia lankicus</emphasis>
Narendran
</taxonomicName>
, described from Indomalayan realm by Narendran (2004) and Narendran 
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FC676EB81569CC89" box="[983,1034,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">et al</emphasis>
. (2007), were reported as differing from 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FF656E9D1343CD6C" authority="Girault" authorityName="Girault" box="[213,544,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darwini">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FF656E9D10AACD6C" box="[213,457,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Pediobomyia darwini</emphasis>
Girault
</taxonomicName>
in rather superficial or misinterpreted characters. For instance, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FB446E9C1406CD6C" box="[1268,1381,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darwini">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FB446E9C1406CD6C" box="[1268,1381,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">P. darwini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reported as differing from three other species listed above in having F2 shorter than pedicel and darker legs with metallic tint, and the three species differ chiefly by the relative length of F1. However, these characters appear variable within series collected in various regions, their dimensions (relative length of F1 and F2) depend on measurement points (including or excluding petiole of the funiculars) and the degree of collapse when specimens are dried. Based on available descriptions and the morphology of the studied materials from Australasian, Indomalayan and Afrotropical realms (partly listed in Gumovsky 2001), all three specific names mentioned above are proposed to be junior synonyms of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FDE26F9612E8CA69" authority="(Girault)" authorityName="Girault" box="[594,907,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darwini">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FDE26F961242CA69" box="[594,801,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Pediobius darwini</emphasis>
(Girault)
</taxonomicName>
(in its new combination, 
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA38B467FB1D6F961447CA69" box="[1197,1316,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1703,1725]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1682]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–C, Pediobius sPP.: A–C, formerly classified in Rhynchentedon, D–E, formerly classified in Pediobomyia. A, P. achterbergi (Malaysia); B–C, P. maximus (SingaPore): B, head in frontal vieW With mouth oPening and mandibles in inset; C, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma of the holotyPe (BMNH); D, E, P. darwini (Australia): D, head, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma in lateral vieW, E, loWer face and mandible in lateral vieW." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294724/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Fig. 3D, E</figureCitation>
) (
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FA8E6F9614EFCA69" bold="true" box="[1342,1420,1015,1040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">syn. n.</emphasis>
). The species that have been previously classified in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FD64687D12E2CA4C" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1919" box="[724,897,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Rhynchentedon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FD64687D12E2CA4C" box="[724,897,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Rhynchentedon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FC06687D1529CA4C" authorityName="Girault" authorityYear="1913" box="[950,1098,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FC06687D1529CA4C" box="[950,1098,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Pediobomyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are proposed to represent two species groups within 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FE20685E1363CA21" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[400,512,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FE20685E1363CA21" box="[400,512,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Pediobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FDBF68201310CA21" box="[527,627,1089,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maximus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FDBF68201310CA21" box="[527,627,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">maximus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FD19685E1264CA21" box="[681,775,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FD19685E1260CA21" box="[681,771,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darwini">darwini</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
respectively.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036DFFA38B467FF776805120FC934" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FF77680510CFCA04" authority="Boucek" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1972" box="[199,428,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Myrmokata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FF776805102ACA04" box="[199,329,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Myrmokata</emphasis>
Bouček
</taxonomicName>
was described as an aberrant ant-associated Afrotropical entedonine genus for 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FACD6804100FCAD9" authority="Boucek" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1972" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Myrmokata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diparoides">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FACD6804106DCAD9" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">M. diparoides</emphasis>
Bouček
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F348764FFA38B467FE0568E91349CAD9" box="[437,554,1160,1184]" name="Cameroon" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
(Bouček 1972). The material of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FC1668E81527CAD9" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1972" box="[934,1092,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Myrmokata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diparoides">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FC1668E81527CAD9" box="[934,1092,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">M. diparoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from RMCA (
<specimenCount id="9D59FD56FA38B467FB4468E91464CAD9" box="[1268,1287,1160,1184]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, “Coll. Mus. 
<collectingCountry id="F348764FFA38B467FF2768CD1187CABD" box="[151,228,1196,1220]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
<collectingRegion id="499BF83DFA38B467FF2768CD1187CABD" box="[151,228,1196,1220]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Bas-Congo" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Congo</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
, Basoko, Yawinawina, 
<date id="FFE1101FFA38B467FE5D68CD133CCABD" box="[493,607,1196,1220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" value="1948-08">VIII.1948</date>
, P.I.G. Benoit”, 
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA38B467FCA568CD123ACABD" box="[789,857,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,553,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,553,1924]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Myrmokata diparoides (DRC): A, B, head, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma: A, lateral vieW, B, dorsal vieW; C, head and anterior Part of mesosoma, vieWed under angle; D, face; E, Posterior Part of mesosoma, ProPodeum and anterior Part of metasoma With tiny scutellar seta arroWed in inset." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294726/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) expands distribution range of this species to 
<collectingCountry id="F348764FFA38B467FAD268CD14FFCABD" box="[1378,1436,1196,1220]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">DRC</collectingCountry>
(
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FF1068AE104FCA91" bold="true" box="[160,300,1231,1256]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">new record</emphasis>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FEF968AE10A9CA91" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1972" box="[329,458,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Myrmokata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FEF968AE10A9CA91" box="[329,458,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Myrmokata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was characterized by the considerable reduction of pubescence on the dorsum of mesosoma, reduced number of setae on subcosta of submarginal vein (to one seta only), first gastral (second metasomal) segment with raised edges, unusually short tarsi, short frontal sulcus, and weak sexual dimorphism, including antennae (
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA38B467FE30695D10ABCB2D" box="[384,456,1340,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,553,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,553,1924]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Myrmokata diparoides (DRC): A, B, head, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma: A, lateral vieW, B, dorsal vieW; C, head and anterior Part of mesosoma, vieWed under angle; D, face; E, Posterior Part of mesosoma, ProPodeum and anterior Part of metasoma With tiny scutellar seta arroWed in inset." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294726/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
, here; Bouček 1972). Although it was described as having the dorsum of mesosoma without setae, a pair of very short setae is situated near the posterior edge of the mesoscutellum (
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA38B467FB42693E1429CB01" box="[1266,1354,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,553,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,553,1924]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Myrmokata diparoides (DRC): A, B, head, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma: A, lateral vieW, B, dorsal vieW; C, head and anterior Part of mesosoma, vieWed under angle; D, face; E, Posterior Part of mesosoma, ProPodeum and anterior Part of metasoma With tiny scutellar seta arroWed in inset." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294726/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
, inset). The propodeum characters were not mentioned among the diagnostic features of the genus; however, it was mentioned that the propodeum is “distinctly constricted to a nucha” and with a “vestigial median carina”. The actual morphology of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FE2269AC134CCB9C" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1972" box="[402,559,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Myrmokata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diparoides">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FE2269AC134CCB9C" box="[402,559,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">M. diparoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suggests that the median area of propodeum is indeed bearing a median strip delimited laterally by fine carinae (
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA38B467FD95698E131EC871" box="[549,637,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,553,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,553,1924]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Myrmokata diparoides (DRC): A, B, head, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma: A, lateral vieW, B, dorsal vieW; C, head and anterior Part of mesosoma, vieWed under angle; D, face; E, Posterior Part of mesosoma, ProPodeum and anterior Part of metasoma With tiny scutellar seta arroWed in inset." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294726/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). Another interesting character of this genus is the elongate lower face with long genae (
<figureCitation id="13642A5AFA38B467FED06A7510D9C855" box="[352,442,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,553,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,553,1924]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Myrmokata diparoides (DRC): A, B, head, mesosoma and anterior Part of metasoma: A, lateral vieW, B, dorsal vieW; C, head and anterior Part of mesosoma, vieWed under angle; D, face; E, Posterior Part of mesosoma, ProPodeum and anterior Part of metasoma With tiny scutellar seta arroWed in inset." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1294726/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
) resembling to some extent the face of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FC026A751541C854" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[946,1058,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FC026A751541C854" box="[946,1058,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Pediobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species described below. One of them, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FF546A581015C829" authorityName="Kerrich" authorityYear="1973" box="[228,374,1593,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marjoriae">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FF546A581015C829" box="[228,374,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">P. marjoriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is also associated with ants, similarly to 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FCCE6A581542C829" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1972" box="[894,1057,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Myrmokata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diparoides">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FCCE6A581542C829" box="[894,1057,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">M. diparoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The general habitus, the wide propleural flanges and the prepectus overlapped by mesosternal projection suggest the similarity of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FAAB6A3D14FFC80C" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1972" box="[1307,1436,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Myrmokata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FAAB6A3D14FFC80C" box="[1307,1436,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Myrmokata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FF616A1E1022C8E1" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1846" box="[209,321,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pediobius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FF616A1E1022C8E1" box="[209,321,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Pediobius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas the other diagnostic characters of the genus may be secondary modifications associated with its parasitism in ants. However, the wide propleural flanges and prepectus overlapped by mesosternal projection are characteristics shared with the genera 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FD536AA81209C899" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1843" box="[739,874,1737,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Horismenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FD536AA81209C899" box="[739,874,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Horismenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FC106AA6150FC899" authorityName="Schauff (Gumovsky" authorityYear="2001" box="[928,1132,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Microdonophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FC106AA6150FC899" box="[928,1132,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Microdonophagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the males of the latter demonstrate numerous morphological reductions associated with life in ant nests. Possible relationships between 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FF276B6E107AC951" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1972" box="[151,281,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Myrmokata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FF276B6E107AC951" box="[151,281,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Myrmokata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FEE66B7010BEC951" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1843" box="[342,477,1809,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Horismenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FEE66B7010BEC951" box="[342,477,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Horismenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were also suggested by Bouček (1972). So, the status of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D5CFA38B467FB376B6E146BC951" authorityName="Boucek" authorityYear="1972" box="[1159,1288,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Myrmokata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEACDFA38B467FB376B6E146BC951" box="[1159,1288,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Myrmokata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may remain unrevised until more data (for instance, molecular) are available.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>