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<document id="3F24081ABEBE16CC442CCAB5E5222777" ID-CLB-Dataset="88687" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.552.4.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0ea86b67-f53b-4bab-9a0e-4067e0d652de" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6785883" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1656657762237" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nguyen, Danh Duc, Nguyen, Van Canh &amp; Tanaka, Noriyuki" docDate="2022" docId="03DD5757FFCC9549FF331B71FD494B59" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.552.4.4.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 552 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.552.4.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Tupistra thangii N. Tanaka &amp; D. D. Nguyen 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="271" masterDocId="FFE42F2FFFCD954DFFBB1965FF9D4C0D" masterDocTitle="Tupistra thangii (Asparagaceae), a new species from southern Vietnam" masterLastPageNumber="273" masterPageNumber="267" pageNumber="268" updateTime="1699353818772" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="DB90ACD4CE3FB71AA3EC9642BAA12206" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="366B6E7B2FB2C1D227038E963859D405">
<mods:title id="6E055B90A268DDEC6E3F7F5B54F09D06">Tupistra thangii (Asparagaceae), a new species from southern Vietnam</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="C987B8D7B5D35B8468ABED7FB4A10D8E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8109CAC2FF90CAE41EA15AA0FC1093F7">
<mods:roleTerm id="9B3BC83B6F22ACADE4DE52F9AE83F911">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DD0D52F69B3BAC97E9FDC4C62C2FB23E">Nguyen, Danh Duc</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E8B2367E9CC09E5F8DB919E353D5D157" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3331-8571</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="4F6F7839BBBDFFDABB9F2991BF1F59D1">Institute of Applied Technology, Thu Dau Mot University, No. 06, Tran Van On Street, Phu Hoa Ward, Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam &amp; nguyendanhduc @ tdmu. edu. vn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3331 - 8571</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8802F41CAAEE764F55071D9F4D666A09" type="email">nguyendanhduc@tdmu.edu.vn</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="719CDAD24EA998839085D378B4E2F69E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="49BC677914385A2B172516CA1E66CD4C">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2C2E26F6A8E69BE84DD1EC1B684DBD94">Nguyen, Van Canh</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9B2C05F49413DAFB915BBB5C1BF0E6B8" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9578-0342</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="113DAAE5D3B1F4064BD924453C4990AC">Institute of Applied Technology, Thu Dau Mot University, No. 06, Tran Van On Street, Phu Hoa Ward, Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam &amp; nguyenvancanh @ tdmu. edu. vn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9578 - 0342</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E7F53D5BE25E9682C345B00F7EF1C812" type="email">nguyenvancanh@tdmu.edu.vn</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E7E59444B4BB0EC202A9E5FAE33218ED" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8E96949356DD3E86DFCC028022544A77">
<mods:roleTerm id="7A6565542BCE114092C832FBC4FD91AE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FAD4A278465DE5EB041D7AA438382925">Tanaka, Noriyuki</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5201C9032AD8FBAA28304B3E58B6C3E7" type="ORCID">0000-0003-4437-2909</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="4A4F1064E97CA991F94C28CE4F528070">Otsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192 - 0352, Japan &amp; sylavaasiaticae @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4437 - 2909</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6179C625E9B30D41E38E652945FED808" type="email">sylavaasiaticae@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="F0A40A38EE6FE745C0631D53708C8610">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="E3AFFDB6498C461C84DA90C523A83627">
<mods:title id="375B41DF4B58AC75301494986A35B47C">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="A0F5262F7D9AD5495670C9BC23EA89FA">
<mods:date id="616E5067930E37F585C34C30B9F16860">2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="9D30A189D4E1C6624B644D36CDC00D5B" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="DE05418A84D58C36472F5D97426D0562">2022-07-01</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="EEFD0B914404881EEC1D268D8E74E7CB" type="volume">
<mods:number id="BA151434E0F0E34710610A7B0F9908EE">552</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:number id="EE11870A56BBCFB7B0442EF6AEC2882E">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="D2D4EA749D4FBA58881C395A26A58A52">267</mods:start>
<mods:end id="60BA9BD41B2A4B2C980E95B4815FC714">273</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="6AC05028A13CCE08BF7AF9BEDD78253B">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.552.4.4</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="C933F16CAD76D9C410AEFB44A7131504">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="97B75CB9FE7B5D47F31B7A7DAFD677D5" type="CLB-Dataset">88687</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BDCCF47C813E646E258C4578307CB92A" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.552.4.4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="97E9F750F21A171908443EC95330F180" type="GBIF-Dataset">0ea86b67-f53b-4bab-9a0e-4067e0d652de</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DD5757FFCC9549FF331B71FD494B59" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6794790" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196377978" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6794790" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD5757FFCC9549FF331B71FD494B59" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD5757FFCC9549FF331B71FD494B59" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="271" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">
<subSubSection id="C36EB5CAFFCC954CFF331B71FD4E4E23" box="[136,723,532,559]" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCBE641FFCC954CFF331B71FD4E4E23" blockId="1.[136,723,532,559]" box="[136,723,532,559]" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">
<heading id="D083512DFFCC954CFF331B71FD4E4E23" box="[136,723,532,559]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C749DC2FFCC954CFF331B71FDEF4E22" authority="N. Tanaka &amp; D.D.Nguyen" authorityName="N. Tanaka &amp; D. D. Nguyen" authorityYear="2022" box="[136,626,532,559]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Tupistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thangii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFCC954CFF331B71FEDF4E22" bold="true" box="[136,322,532,559]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">Tupistra thangii</emphasis>
N. Tanaka &amp; D.D.Nguyen
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFCC954CFDC61B71FD4E4E23" bold="true" box="[637,723,532,558]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2338728FFCC954CFDC61B71FD4E4E23" box="[637,723,532,558]" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36EB5CAFFCC954CFF331B39FEF74EB3" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCBE641FFCC954CFF331B39FEF74EB3" blockId="1.[136,1452,604,2071]" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">
Differs from the most similar species
<taxonomicName id="4C749DC2FFCC954CFD921B38FD0C4E7B" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="1892" box="[553,657,604,630]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Tupistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clarkei">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFCC954CFD921B38FD0C4E7B" box="[553,657,604,630]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">T. clarkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mainly by its wider leaves, upright or ascending spike, smaller flowers, perianth dark purple on both sides, laterally strongly revolute perianth lobes, and stamens adnate to the subbasal portion of the lobes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36EB5CAFFCC954CFF061BADFE544F7F" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCBE641FFCC954CFF061BADFE544F7F" blockId="1.[136,1452,604,2071]" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">
<materialsCitation id="3B1CEC1CFFCC954CFF061BADFE544F7F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828388301" collectingDate="2021-12-18" collectionCode="VNMN" collectorName="Nguyen Danh Duc &amp; Nguyen Van Canh" country="Vietnam" elevation="850" latitude="11.738" location="Loc Bao Commune" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="107.70233" municipality="Bao Lam District" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lam Dong Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFCC954CFF061BADFF654EEF" bold="true" box="[189,248,712,738]" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">Type</emphasis>
:—
<collectingCountry id="F363A6D1FFCC954CFEA21BADFE3D4EEF" box="[281,416,712,738]" name="Vietnam" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49B028A3FFCC954CFE151BACFD064EEF" box="[430,667,712,739]" country="Vietnam" name="Lam Dong" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">Lam Dong Province</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAF7C3BFFCC954CFD131BACFCEE4EEF" box="[680,883,712,739]" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">Bao Lam District</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EABB09AFFCC954CFC3A1BACFBFB4EEF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD5757FFCC9549FF331B71FD494B59:8EABB09AFFCC954CFC3A1BACFBFB4EEF" box="[897,1126,712,739]" country="Vietnam" latitude="11.738" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="107.70233" municipality="Bao Lam District" name="Loc Bao Commune" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" stateProvince="Lam Dong Province">Loc Bao Commune</location>
, around point
<geoCoordinate id="EE408086FFCC954CFAB51BADFA364EEF" box="[1294,1451,712,738]" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" precision="1" seconds="16.8" value="11.738">11°44’16.8”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE408086FFCC954CFF331B89FEA84F0B" box="[136,309,748,774]" degrees="107" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" precision="1" seconds="08.4" value="107.70233">107°42’08.4”E</geoCoordinate>
; flat areas to steep slopes along river valley at elevation
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFCC954CFC761B89FBD24F0A" box="[973,1103,748,775]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="m" value="850.0" valueMax="900.0" valueMin="800.0">
<elevation id="00590172FFCC954CFC761B89FBD24F0A" box="[973,1103,748,775]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="m" value="850.0" valueMax="900.0" valueMin="800.0">800–900 m</elevation>
</quantity>
a.s.l.; very humid, primary to secondary broad-leaved forest mixed with bamboo; terrestrial herb with leaves to 1.5 m long in acidic soil rich in silicates, rarely on shady wet rocks, common locally;
<date id="FFCAC081FFCC954CFD4E1A51FC4C4F43" box="[757,977,820,846]" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" value="2021-12-18">
<collectingDate id="EF8E3969FFCC954CFD4E1A51FC4C4F43" box="[757,977,820,846]" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" value="2021-12-18">18 December 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFCC954CFC641A50FB4E4F43" box="[991,1235,820,846]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">
<collectorName id="26818397FFCC954CFC641A50FB294F43" box="[991,1204,820,846]" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">Nguyen Danh Duc</collectorName>
&amp;
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="26818397FFCC954CFB671A50FA314F43" box="[1244,1452,820,846]" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFCC954CFB671A50FA314F43" box="[1244,1452,820,846]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">Nguyen Van Canh</emphasis>
</collectorName>
2021493 (
<typeStatus id="54CF58E3FFCC954CFF421A3DFEC04F7F" box="[249,349,856,882]" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED657E84FFCC954CFED81A3DFE234F7F" box="[355,446,856,882]" country="Viet Nam" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/65ma-2bzq" name="Vietnam National Museum of Nature" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">VNMN</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36EB5CAFFCC9549FF061A19FECE4D0D" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="271" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCBE641FFCC954CFF061A19FA0C441B" blockId="1.[136,1452,604,2071]" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFCC954CFF061A19FEDA4F9B" bold="true" box="[189,327,892,918]" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">Description</emphasis>
:—
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFCC954CFED71A19FE314F9B" bold="true" box="[364,428,892,918]" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">Plant</emphasis>
terrestrial, herbaceous, rosulate, rhizomatous, glabrous, perennial.
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFCC954CFB111A19FA894F9B" bold="true" box="[1194,1300,892,918]" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">Rhizome</emphasis>
ascending to erect, usually unbranched, terete, stout, dirty brown,
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFCC954CFD551AC5FCCE4FB6" box="[750,851,928,955]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="cm" value="11.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="7.0">7–15 cm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFCC954CFC1B1AC5FBBC4FB6" box="[928,1057,928,955]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.5 cm</quantity>
in diameter, covered with brown, coriaceous, partially disintegrated remnants of cataphylls and leaf sheaths.
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFCC954CFC5C1AA1FBB64FD3" bold="true" box="[999,1067,964,990]" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">Roots</emphasis>
sparse, almost straight or curved downward from near base, cord-like, fleshy,
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFCC954CFD361A8DFD70480E" box="[653,749,1000,1027]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="2.0">2–6 mm</quantity>
in diameter, covered throughout with light brown root hairs.
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFCC954CFF331D69FF58482B" bold="true" box="[136,197,1036,1062]" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">Stem</emphasis>
erect,
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFCC954CFEA01D69FEEE482A" box="[283,371,1036,1063]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="cm" value="4.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="2.0">2–6 cm</quantity>
long, enclosed by distichous conduplicate leaf sheaths and cataphylls.
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFCC954CFB781D69FAD9482B" bold="true" box="[1219,1348,1036,1062]" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">Cataphylls</emphasis>
straight, ensiform or narrowly triangular, conduplicate, light grassy green, turning white in proximal half with age,
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFCC954CFA801D55FA364846" box="[1339,1451,1072,1099]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="cm" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 cm</quantity>
long, (1.5)2.5–4(6)cm wide (at base when flattened), basal portion abruptly widened up to
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFCC954CFBC41D31FB2B4862" box="[1151,1206,1108,1135]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
wide, soon becoming dry, coriaceous and almost brown, withering earlier than foliage leaves.
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFCC954CFC0B1D1DFB9F489F" bold="true" box="[944,1026,1144,1170]" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">Leaves</emphasis>
(4)6–10(12), erect, arcuate or distally pendulous, basally equitant, (0.8)0.9–1.6(1.8) m long; blade narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, (40–)50–60(–70) cm long, (5)7–18(20) cm wide (at the widest portion), wavy, leathery, uniformly dark green, glossy, midvein prominent abaxially, gradually tapering to thick, rigid, canaliculate petiole-like base (10–)15–30(–40) cm long, apex acute to shortly acuminate.
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFCC954CFEE71C6DFE54492F" bold="true" box="[348,457,1288,1314]" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">Peduncle</emphasis>
arising from leaf axil in distal part of stem, erect, oblique or almost horizontal, straight or ascending, slightly thickened upward, obscurely angled longitudinally, naked, fleshy, rigid, erect and reddish green at early anthesis, becoming curved and white at late anthesis, elongating with age;
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFCC954CFBBE1C35FBF84966" box="[1029,1125,1360,1387]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="cm" value="8.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="7.0">7–10 cm</quantity>
long at early anthesis,
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFCC954CFADE1C35FF374982" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="cm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 cm</quantity>
at late anthesis, and
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFCC954CFE221C11FD974982" box="[409,522,1396,1423]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="cm" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">20–30 cm</quantity>
after anthesis (or in fruit),
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFCC954CFC841C11FC1F4982" box="[831,898,1396,1423]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
in diameter.
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFCC954CFBAC1C11FB284983" bold="true" box="[1047,1205,1396,1422]" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">Inflorescence</emphasis>
(excluding peduncle) a dense spike, many-flowered, upright or ascending,
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFCC954CFD491CFDFCF949BE" box="[754,868,1432,1459]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="cm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 cm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFCC954CFC081CFDFB8349BE" box="[947,1054,1432,1459]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="cm" value="3.25" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.0">3–3.5 cm</quantity>
in diameter; rachis obscurely and irregularly multi-angled longitudinally, fleshy, pinkish, turning green at late anthesis, portions from which flowers arise slightly concave.
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFCC954CFE301C85FE4449F7" bold="true" box="[395,473,1504,1530]" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">Bracts</emphasis>
borne directly on rachis, 2 per flower, scarious along margins; outer bract located
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFCC954CFA3A1C85FF294A12" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
below flower base, cucullate, obscurely rectangular, rather fleshy, white or light green,
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFCC954CFB261F61FB664A12" box="[1181,1275,1540,1567]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
long and wide, truncate to acute at apex, after anthesis becoming dry, brown and coriaceous; inner bract (bracteole) located lateral to flower, ovate to rectangular, light greenish,
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFCC954CFDCB1F29FD514A6A" box="[624,716,1612,1639]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFCC954CFCA91F29FC194A6A" box="[786,900,1612,1639]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3 mm</quantity>
wide, apically acuminate, antrorse.
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFCC954CFAAC1F29FA314A6B" bold="true" box="[1303,1452,1612,1638]" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">Flower buds</emphasis>
obliquely spheroidal or oblate, external side of perianth lobes dull whitish green with purplish rims.
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFCC954CFB4E1F15FAC94A87" bold="true" box="[1269,1364,1648,1674]" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">Flowers</emphasis>
sessile, actinomorphic (or slightly zygomorphic),
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across; Perianth 6-parted, broadly campanulate, dull dark purple to reddish purple, fleshy, with 6 white longitudinal stripes which correspond to decurrent portions of staminal filaments; proximal tube cup-like,
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFCC954CFE2C1FB9FD824AFA" box="[407,543,1756,1783]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.5 mm</quantity>
high,
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFCC954CFDDD1FB9FD594AFA" box="[614,708,1756,1783]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 mm</quantity>
in diameter; distal lobes broadly ovate, laterally strongly revolute (hence lobes look narrowly triangular),
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFCC954CFDFD1E65FD3E4B16" box="[582,675,1792,1819]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6–8 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFCC954CFD521E65FCA24B16" box="[745,831,1792,1819]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7mm</quantity>
wide.
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFCC954CFC301E65FC6D4B17" bold="true" box="[907,1008,1792,1818]" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">Stamens</emphasis>
6, opposite to perianth lobes; filaments adnate to subbasal portion of perianth lobes, shortly subterete, fleshy,
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFCC954CFC321E41FB924B32" box="[905,1039,1828,1855]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.5 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFCC954CFBE91E41FB454B32" box="[1106,1240,1828,1855]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.6 mm</quantity>
in diameter, white, portions adnate (decurrent) to the perianth tube white; anthers dorsifixed, elliptic or broadly ovate, concavo-convex, pale yellowish, introrse,
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFCC954CFE241E09FDB54B8A" box="[415,552,1900,1927]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.6 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFCC954CFDCB1E09FD654B8A" box="[624,760,1900,1927]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2999999999999998" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="1.2999999999999998" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.4 mm</quantity>
wide; pollen yellow.
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFCC954CFC551E09FBB64B8B" bold="true" box="[1006,1067,1900,1926]" pageId="1" pageNumber="268">Pistil</emphasis>
1, straight (horizontal) or slightly ascending,
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFCC954CFEBD1EF5FEE34BA6" box="[262,382,1936,1963]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="11.0">11–13 mm</quantity>
long; ovary superior, shortly subterete or oblate, later becoming ovoid,
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFCC954CFB1B1EF5FABB4BA6" box="[1184,1318,1936,1963]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.8 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFCC954CFAD71EF5FF294BC2" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2–2.5 mm</quantity>
wide, glossy, cream white, turning green at late anthesis; style cylindric, white to pale yellow,
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFCC954CFB631ED1FAF14BC2" box="[1240,1388,1972,1999]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.035" metricValueMax="1.1199999999999999" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="10.35" valueMax="11.2" valueMin="9.5">9.5–11.2 mm</quantity>
long, (0.5)1.3–1.5(1.6) mm in diameter; stigma peltate with nearly flat top, 2- to 7-lobed, each lobe somewhat irregularly dentate-crenate, white to pale yellow, turning pale brown with age, frontal surface papillulate,
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFCC954CFB131E99FA98441A" box="[1192,1285,2044,2071]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="268" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
in diameter.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0BB6C9FFCF954FFF331E73FBF74B95" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6785885" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6785885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6785885/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" startId="2.[136,229,1814,1836]" targetBox="[186,1402,187,1787]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BCBE641FFCF954FFF331E73FBF74B95" blockId="2.[136,1452,1814,1944]" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFCF954FFF331E73FF6A4B26" bold="true" box="[136,247,1814,1836]" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFCF954FFEB81E72FE394B26" box="[259,420,1814,1836]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">
<taxonomicName id="4C749DC2FFCF954FFEB81E72FE3D4B26" authorityName="N. Tanaka &amp; D. D. Nguyen" authorityYear="2022" box="[259,416,1814,1836]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Tupistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="269" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thangii">Tupistra thangii</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A. Habit
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFCF954FFDBB1E72FDA14B21" box="[512,572,1815,1836]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">in situ</emphasis>
. B. Flowering plant (at late anthesis). C. Flowering scape at early anthesis. D. Flower buds. E. Flowering spike. F. Close up of flowers. G. Spike at late anthesis. H. Portion of spike at late anthesis. I. Fruit, external view and crosssection. J. Plant bearing young fruit. K. Floriferous plant flattened for preparation of holotype (
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFCF954FFB9C1E3AFF414B95" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="269">Nguyen Danh Duc &amp; Nguyen Van Canh 2021493</emphasis>
). All photos taken by Nguyen Danh Duc: photo ‘J’ in May 2021, all others in December 2021.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0BB6C9FFCE954EFF331E73FCE04B95" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6785887" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6785887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6785887/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="270" startId="3.[136,229,1814,1836]" targetBox="[186,1402,190,1790]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BCBE641FFCE954EFF331E73FCE04B95" blockId="3.[136,1452,1814,1944]" pageId="3" pageNumber="270">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFCE954EFF331E73FF634B26" bold="true" box="[136,254,1814,1836]" pageId="3" pageNumber="270">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFCE954EFEBF1E72FE3B4B26" box="[260,422,1814,1836]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="270">
<taxonomicName id="4C749DC2FFCE954EFEBF1E72FE3F4B26" authorityName="N. Tanaka &amp; D. D. Nguyen" authorityYear="2022" box="[260,418,1814,1836]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Tupistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="270" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thangii">Tupistra thangii</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A. Outer bracts. B. Inner bracts (bracteoles). C. Stigmas; left and middle, frontal view; right, rear view. D. Pistils at different developmental stages, lateral view. Left one from flower after anthesis. E. Half perianth with stamens, ventral view. F. Half perianth, dorsal view. G. Flower, frontal view. H. Flower, rear view. I. Bracts and bracteoles on rachis, one flower removed. J. Stamens viewed from different angles. All photos taken by Nguyen Danh Duc.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCBE641FFC99549FF0619FBFECE4D0D" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1877]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFC99549FF0619FBFEF14CB5" bold="true" box="[189,364,158,184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">Fruiting scape</emphasis>
descending or curved downward, but distal part of infructescence ascending.
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFC99549FB4919FBFA364CB5" bold="true" box="[1266,1451,158,184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">Immature fruit</emphasis>
globular, fleshy, dark green, ca.
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFC99549FE4F19A7FDB14CD0" box="[500,556,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
in diameter, verruculose, normally 2-seeded; seeds ellipsoid or ovoid, ivory or off-white in color.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36EB5CAFFC99549FF06186FFE7D4D45" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BCBE641FFC99549FF06186FFE7D4D45" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1877]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFC99549FF06186FFED54D29" bold="true" box="[189,328,266,292]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">Etymology:</emphasis>
—The specific epithet honors Hoang Minh Thang who is a Vietnamese gardener and the first discoverer of this new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36EB5CAFFC99549FF061837FAFE4E49" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8BCBE641FFC99549FF061837FAFE4E49" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1877]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFC99549FF061837FDD64D61" bold="true" box="[189,587,338,364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">Habitat and conservation status:</emphasis>
—
<taxonomicName id="4C749DC2FFC99549FDDC1836FC804D61" authorityName="N. Tanaka &amp; D. D. Nguyen" authorityYear="2022" box="[615,797,338,364]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Tupistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thangii">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFC99549FDDC1836FC804D61" box="[615,797,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">Tupistra thangii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs on the floor of a primary to secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest mixed with bamboo at elevations
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFC99549FD4A1813FCE84D9C" box="[753,885,374,401]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" unit="m" value="850.0" valueMax="900.0" valueMin="800.0">
800–
<specimenCount id="9D722DC8FFC99549FC921813FCE84D9C" box="[809,885,374,401]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" type="generic">900 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Approximately 100 mature plants of this species were found in an area of
<quantity id="4C8C4BA4FFC99549FE2018FFFE4E4DB9" box="[411,467,410,436]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C014B09FFC99549FE6818FFFE464DA5" attach="left" box="[467,475,410,424]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">2</superScript>
along a stream. They usually grew terrestrially on flat or steep locations, but sometimes also on shady wet rocks. The soil was rich in silicates and acidic. The habitat area as a whole, including its biotic and abiotic elements, appears not particularly endangered or damaged by human activities such as deforestation, but may be partially disturbed by grazing and/or trekkers’ camping. Since our data on the distribution and ecological aspects of this species are still very limited, we assign the species to the category “Data Deficient (DD)” in
<bibRefCitation id="EFE59BB0FFC99549FB7D1B4FFAC24E49" author="IUCN" box="[1222,1375,554,580]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" refId="ref3980" refString="IUCN (2022) Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria, version 15. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: https: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf (accessed 15 March 2022)" type="book" year="2022">IUCN (2022)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36EB5CAFFC99549FF061B2BFADA4E65" box="[189,1351,590,617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCBE641FFC99549FF061B2BFADA4E65" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1877]" box="[189,1351,590,617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFC99549FF061B2BFEC44E65" bold="true" box="[189,345,590,616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">Distribution:</emphasis>
―Currently known only from the
<typeStatus id="54CF58E3FFC99549FD611B2AFC974E64" box="[730,778,591,617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">type</typeStatus>
locality in
<collectingRegion id="49B028A3FFC99549FC321B2AFBF34E65" box="[905,1134,590,617]" country="Vietnam" name="Lam Dong" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">Lam Dong Province</collectingRegion>
, southern
<collectingCountry id="F363A6D1FFC99549FB5A1B2BFAD94E65" box="[1249,1348,590,616]" name="Vietnam" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36EB5CAFFC99549FF061B17FD524ED9" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BCBE641FFC99549FF061B17FD524ED9" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1877]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFC99549FF061B17FEDE4E81" bold="true" box="[189,323,626,652]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">Phenology:</emphasis>
—Flowering in November–December. Fruiting: Only immature green fruit has been seen. Judging from the states of ripening fruit in May (
<figureCitation id="134FFAC4FFC99549FDED1BF3FD394EBD" box="[598,676,662,688]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1814,1836]" captionTargetBox="[186,1402,187,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[186,1402,187,1787]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tupistra thangii. A. Habit in situ. B. Flowering plant (at late anthesis). C. Flowering scape at early anthesis. D. Flower buds. E. Flowering spike. F. Close up of flowers. G. Spike at late anthesis. H. Portion of spike at late anthesis. I. Fruit, external view and crosssection. J. Plant bearing young fruit. K. Floriferous plant flattened for preparation of holotype (Nguyen Danh Duc &amp; Nguyen Van Canh 2021493). All photos taken by Nguyen Danh Duc: photo ‘J’ in May 2021, all others in December 2021." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6785885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6785885/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">Fig. 1J</figureCitation>
) and December (
<figureCitation id="134FFAC4FFC99549FCD11BF3FC2A4EBD" box="[874,951,662,688]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1814,1836]" captionTargetBox="[186,1402,187,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[186,1402,187,1787]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tupistra thangii. A. Habit in situ. B. Flowering plant (at late anthesis). C. Flowering scape at early anthesis. D. Flower buds. E. Flowering spike. F. Close up of flowers. G. Spike at late anthesis. H. Portion of spike at late anthesis. I. Fruit, external view and crosssection. J. Plant bearing young fruit. K. Floriferous plant flattened for preparation of holotype (Nguyen Danh Duc &amp; Nguyen Van Canh 2021493). All photos taken by Nguyen Danh Duc: photo ‘J’ in May 2021, all others in December 2021." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6785885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6785885/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">Fig. 1I</figureCitation>
), full ripening may require at least one year and a few months after fertilization (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE59BB0FFC99549FD9A1BDFFD594ED9" author="Tanaka, N." box="[545,708,698,724]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" pagination="55 - 93" refId="ref4368" refString="Tanaka, N. (2010 a) A taxonomic revision of the genus Tupistra (Asparagaceae). Makinoa New Series 9: 55 - 93." type="book chapter" year="2010">Tanaka 2010a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36EB5CAFFC99549FF061BBBFD494B59" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCBE641FFC99549FF061BBBFF4748FD" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1877]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFC99549FF061BBBFE7C4EF5" bold="true" box="[189,481,734,760]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">Taxonomic relationships</emphasis>
:—
<taxonomicName id="4C749DC2FFC99549FDBF1BBAFD2A4EF5" authorityName="N. Tanaka &amp; D. D. Nguyen" authorityYear="2022" box="[516,695,734,760]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Tupistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thangii">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFC99549FDBF1BBAFD2A4EF5" box="[516,695,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">Tupistra thangii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C749DC2FFC99549FC3F1BBAFB4D4EF4" authority="Hooker (1892: 325)" authorityName="Hooker" authorityPageNumber="325" authorityYear="1892" box="[900,1232,734,761]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Tupistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clarkei">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFC99549FC3F1BBAFC704EF5" box="[900,1005,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">T. clarkei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE59BB0FFC99549FC481BBBFB4D4EF4" author="Hooker, J. D." box="[1011,1232,734,761]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" pagination="225 - 448" refId="ref3867" refString="Hooker, J. D. (1892) Flora of British India 6 (part 18), L. Reeve &amp; Co., London, pp. 225 - 448." type="book chapter" year="1892">Hooker (1892: 325)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from eastern
<collectingCountry id="F363A6D1FFC99549FAD31BBBFA364EF5" box="[1384,1451,734,760]" name="Nepal" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">Nepal</collectingCountry>
and northeastern
<collectingCountry id="F363A6D1FFC99549FEFD1A67FE1D4F11" box="[326,384,770,796]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE59BB0FFC99549FE371A67FDB14F11" author="Tanaka, N." box="[396,556,770,796]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" pagination="55 - 93" refId="ref4368" refString="Tanaka, N. (2010 a) A taxonomic revision of the genus Tupistra (Asparagaceae). Makinoa New Series 9: 55 - 93." type="book chapter" year="2010">Tanaka 2010a</bibRefCitation>
), for it shares (broadly) campanulate flowers with ovate or broadly ovate, slightly recurved lobes, perianth tubes internally dark purple with six white longitudinal stripes, and peltate stigmas with a dentate-crenate margin. However, it differs from the latter mainly by its wider (up to 20 vs.
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) leaves, upright or ascending (vs. descending) spike, smaller flowers (1.2–1.6 vs.
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in diameter), perianth dark purple on both sides (vs. pale dull yellowish brown except internally dark purple perianth tube), laterally more strongly revolute perianth lobes, stamens adnate to the subbasal (vs. basal) portion of perianth lobes, and whitish (vs. purplish) stigma. The new species is also similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C749DC2FFC99549FDA21ABEFB9F4FF9" authority="Y. H. Tan &amp; H. B. Ding" authorityName="Y. H. Tan &amp; H. B. Ding" box="[537,1026,986,1013]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Tupistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="natmataungensis">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFC99549FDA21ABEFD684FF9" box="[537,757,987,1012]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">T. natmataungensis</emphasis>
Y.H. Tan &amp; H.B. Ding
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFE59BB0FFC99549FB901ABFFAAB4FF9" author="Ding, H. B. &amp; Yang, B. &amp; Zhou, S. S. &amp; Maw, M. B. &amp; Maung, K. W." box="[1067,1334,986,1013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" pagination="135 - 152" refId="ref3764" refString="Ding, H. B., Yang, B., Zhou, S. S., Maw, M. B. &amp; Maung, K. W. (2019) New contributions to the flora of Myanmar I. Plant Diversity 41 (3): 135 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. pld. 2019.05.002" type="journal article" year="2019">
Ding
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFC99549FBD61ABEFB3D4FF9" box="[1133,1184,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">et al</emphasis>
. (2019: 137)
</bibRefCitation>
described recently from western
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in sharing campanulate flowers, internally white-striped, dark purple perianth tube, whitish peltate stigma, etc. It is, however, distinguished chiefly by its ascending or erect (vs. creeping) rhizome, wider (to 20 vs. to
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) leaves, much longer (7–15 vs.
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at anthesis) peduncle, much longer (10–15 vs.
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), ascending (vs. nearly horizontal) spike, numerous (vs. 3), smaller (1.2–1.6 vs. ca.
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in diameter), aerial (vs. epigenous) flowers, abaxially dark (reddish) purple (vs. pale yellow orange) perianth, laterally more strongly revolute perianth lobes, stamens arising from the subbasal (vs. basal) portion of perianth lobes, and 2- to 7-lobed (vs. 3-lobed) stigma.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCBE641FFC99549FF061D9EFBE84AC8" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1877]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">
It is quite a unique trait that these three species possess an internally white-striped, dark purple perianth tube. Interestingly, this trait is also shared by other species having a pendulous spike such as
<taxonomicName id="4C749DC2FFC99549FBDD1C7AFE894951" authority="F. T. Wang &amp; S. Yun Liang" authorityName="F. T. Wang &amp; S. Yun Liang" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Tupistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fungilliformis">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFC99549FBDD1C7AFA864935" box="[1126,1307,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">T. fungilliformis</emphasis>
F.T.Wang &amp; S.Yun Liang
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFE59BB0FFC99549FE821C26FDFC4951" author="Wang, F. T. &amp; Tang, T." box="[313,609,1346,1373]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" refId="ref4571" refString="Wang, F. T. &amp; Tang, T. (1978) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 15. Science Press, Beijing, 280 pp." type="book" year="1978">Wang &amp; Tang (1978: 249)</bibRefCitation>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C749DC2FFC99549FD231C26FA354951" authority="(Kunth 1850: 319) Dandy (1932: 329)" authorityName="Dandy" authorityPageNumber="329" authorityYear="1932" baseAuthorityName="Kunth" baseAuthorityPageNumber="319" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[664,1448,1346,1373]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Tupistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tupistroides">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFC99549FD231C26FCAA4951" box="[664,823,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">T. tupistroides</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE59BB0FFC99549FCFD1C27FB954951" author="Kunth, C. S." box="[838,1032,1346,1373]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" refId="ref4101" refString="Kunth, C. S. (1850) Enumeratio Plantarum 5. Sumtibus J. G. Cottae, Stutgardiae et Tubingae, 908 pp." type="book" year="1850">Kunth 1850: 319</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="EFE59BB0FFC99549FBA31C27FB734951" author="Dandy, J. E." box="[1048,1262,1346,1372]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" pagination="329" refId="ref3735" refString="Dandy, J. E. (1932) Tupistra tupistroides (Kunth) Dandy. Journal of Botany, British and Foreign, London 70: 329." type="journal article" year="1932">Dandy (1932: 329)</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE59BB0FFC99549FB461C27FA3D4951" author="Tanaka, N." box="[1277,1440,1346,1372]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" pagination="55 - 93" refId="ref4368" refString="Tanaka, N. (2010 a) A taxonomic revision of the genus Tupistra (Asparagaceae). Makinoa New Series 9: 55 - 93." type="book chapter" year="2010">Tanaka 2010a</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Since most other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C749DC2FFC99549FE771C02FD79498D" authority="(Tanaka 2010 a)" baseAuthorityName="Tanaka" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[460,740,1382,1408]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Tupistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFC99549FE771C02FDB4498D" box="[460,553,1383,1408]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">Tupistra</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE59BB0FFC99549FD811C03FD41498D" author="Tanaka, N." box="[570,732,1382,1408]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" pagination="55 - 93" refId="ref4368" refString="Tanaka, N. (2010 a) A taxonomic revision of the genus Tupistra (Asparagaceae). Makinoa New Series 9: 55 - 93." type="book chapter" year="2010">Tanaka 2010a</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and all species of
<taxonomicName id="4C749DC2FFC99549FC051C03FB4D498D" authority="(Tanaka 2010 b)" baseAuthorityName="Tanaka" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[958,1232,1382,1408]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Rohdea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFC99549FC051C03FB89498D" box="[958,1044,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">Rohdea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE59BB0FFC99549FB9F1C03FB55498D" author="Tanaka, N." box="[1060,1224,1382,1408]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref4396" refString="Tanaka, N. (2010 b) A taxonomic revision of the genus Rohdea (Asparagaceae). Makinoa New Series 9: 1 - 54." type="book chapter" year="2010">Tanaka 2010b</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
have an upright or ascending spike, the pendulous spike is deemed as an advanced or specialized state (i.e. apomorphy) originated from the upright or ascending spike (plesiomorphy). In this respect,
<taxonomicName id="4C749DC2FFC99549FCF31CCAFC2E49C5" authorityName="N. Tanaka &amp; D. D. Nguyen" authorityYear="2022" box="[840,947,1454,1480]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Tupistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thangii">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFC99549FCF31CCAFC2E49C5" box="[840,947,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">T. thangii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is viewed as retaining a more primitive state than
<taxonomicName id="4C749DC2FFC99549FF041CB6FE3B49E1" box="[191,422,1491,1516]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Tupistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="natmataoungensis">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFC99549FF041CB6FE3B49E1" box="[191,422,1491,1516]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">T. natmataoungensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with an almost horizontal spike and
<taxonomicName id="4C749DC2FFC99549FC841CB6FC3549E1" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="1892" box="[831,936,1490,1516]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Tupistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clarkei">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFC99549FC841CB6FC3549E1" box="[831,936,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">T. clarkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and some other species (e.g.
<taxonomicName id="4C749DC2FFC99549FB541CB6FA3F49E1" box="[1263,1442,1490,1516]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Tupistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fungilliformis">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFC99549FB541CB6FA3F49E1" box="[1263,1442,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">T. fungilliformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) with a pendulous spike. As these species are considered to be monophyletic, sharing a white-striped purple perianth as a synapomorphy, the ancestor of
<taxonomicName id="4C749DC2FFC99549FD991F7EFD134A39" authorityName="N. Tanaka &amp; D. D. Nguyen" authorityYear="2022" box="[546,654,1562,1588]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Tupistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thangii">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFC99549FD991F7EFD134A39" box="[546,654,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">T. thangii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is likely to have been deeply associated with the evolution of species with such non-ascending spikes. It is also of interest that
<taxonomicName id="4C749DC2FFC99549FCA81F5AFCE24A55" authorityName="N. Tanaka &amp; D. D. Nguyen" authorityYear="2022" box="[787,895,1598,1624]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Tupistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thangii">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFC99549FCA81F5AFCE24A55" box="[787,895,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">T. thangii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C749DC2FFC99549FC351F5AFC644A55" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="1892" box="[910,1017,1598,1624]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Tupistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clarkei">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFC99549FC351F5AFC644A55" box="[910,1017,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">T. clarkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C749DC2FFC99549FB8A1F5AFA874A55" box="[1073,1306,1599,1624]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Tupistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="natmataoungensis">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFC99549FB8A1F5AFA874A55" box="[1073,1306,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">T. natmataoungensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are far apart in distribution in spite of their presumed phyletic proximity. This disjunctive distribution may not only reflect the past long-distance migration of this plant group, but also implies close historical connections between the floras of the Central Highlands of southern
<collectingCountry id="F363A6D1FFC99549FE5A1FCFFDDE4AC9" box="[481,579,1706,1732]" name="Vietnam" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, eastern Himalayan region and western
<collectingCountry id="F363A6D1FFC99549FBB91FCEFBEC4AC8" box="[1026,1137,1707,1733]" name="Myanmar" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCBE641FFC99549FF061FABFD494B59" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1877]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">
The present discovery of
<taxonomicName id="4C749DC2FFC99549FE6D1FAAFD144AE5" authorityName="N. Tanaka &amp; D. D. Nguyen" authorityYear="2022" box="[470,649,1742,1768]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Tupistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thangii">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFC99549FE6D1FAAFD144AE5" box="[470,649,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">Tupistra thangii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in southern
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has largely extended the known range of this genus in eastern Indochina (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE59BB0FFC99549FE0E1F97FD704B01" author="Averyanov, L. V. &amp; Tanaka, N." box="[437,749,1778,1804]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" pagination="153 - 167" refId="ref3119" refString="Averyanov, L. V. &amp; Tanaka, N. (2012) New species of Peliosanthes and Tupistra (Aparagaceae) from eastern Indochina. Taiwania 57 (2): 153 - 167. [http: // tai 2. ntu. edu. tw / taiwania / pdf / tai. 2012.57.153. pdf]" type="journal article" year="2012">Averyanov &amp; Tanaka 2012</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE59BB0FFC99549FD421F97FC604B00" author="Averyanov, L. V. &amp; Tanaka, N. &amp; Nguyen, K. S. &amp; Nguyen, H. T. &amp; Konstantinov, E. L." box="[761,1021,1778,1805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" pagination="25 - 45" refId="ref3179" refString="Averyanov, L. V., Tanaka, N., Nguyen, K. S., Nguyen, H. T. &amp; Konstantinov, E. L. (2015) New species of Ophiopogon Ker Gawl., Peliosanthes Andrews and Tupistra Ker Gawl. (Asparagaceae) in the flora of Laos and Vietnam. Adansonia, ser. 3, 37 (1): 25 - 45." type="journal article" year="2015">
Averyanov
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFC99549FCC51F96FC2F4B01" box="[894,946,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE59BB0FFC99549FBB01F97FB7E4B01" author="Tanaka, N. &amp; Hannon, D. P. &amp; Vislobokov, N. A." box="[1035,1251,1778,1805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" pagination="32" refId="ref4424" refString="Tanaka, N., Hannon, D. P. &amp; Vislobokov, N. A. (2018) Tupistra siphonantha (Asparagaceae), a new species from Lao P. D. R. with a simple pistil. Kew Bulletin 73: 32. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / S 12225 - 018 - 9754 - 5" type="journal article" year="2018">
Tanaka
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFC99549FBDE1F96FB044B01" box="[1125,1177,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
) southward. This suggests that new members of
<taxonomicName id="4C749DC2FFC99549FE561E72FDD74B3D" baseAuthorityName="Tanaka" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[493,586,1815,1840]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Tupistra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="271" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9003A53FFC99549FE561E72FDD74B3D" box="[493,586,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">Tupistra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may still be found by further floristic expeditions in regions between
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and the northern regions of
<collectingCountry id="F363A6D1FFC99549FDD51E5FFD4C4B59" box="[622,721,1850,1876]" name="Vietnam" pageId="4" pageNumber="271">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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