362 lines
43 KiB
XML
362 lines
43 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="59A8924A6CD071EA8C1F5CE7E0789847">A taxonomic revision of geoemydid turtles from Siwalik-age of India and Pakistan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3EF718D669078B056F39C3DB41FB72C1">Garbin, Rafaella C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B10ED1D1606536A087CDA17DC2041ED5">Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg; Chemin du Musée 6, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: A 8 FCEF 2 B- 7524 - 46 C 3 - 808 C-D 9 CBFBC 08017 & Corresponding author: garbin. rafaella @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6E9B191FA57EE1D18321BBEDDA9D0FE3">Bandyopadhyay, Saswati</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="82849948DBFA32EDD7C2A3EC415CFD46">Geological Studies Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata; Barrackpore Trunk Road 233, Kolkata, India. & Email: saswati @ isical. ac. in & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 02005 D 35 - 6 DA 9 - 4 A 7 E-B 838 - 16 F 4 FEF 108 DA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C32D10B271A437B4C9255946778D206A">Joyce, Walter G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3AEF4D360FC2A25E317A4A943B9F7CB0">Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg; Chemin du Musée 6, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. & Email: walter. joyce @ unifr. ch & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: C 30 D 317 A- 0029 - 439 C- 8446 - 31281771 ADA 5</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03C7CF0BC0271D61FD8BA803FEB494F5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3861105" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164362573" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3861105" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C7CF0BC0271D61FD8BA803FEB494F5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C7CF0BC0271D61FD8BA803FEB494F5" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0271D67FD8BA803FC7D9613" authority="(Gray, 1832)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[602,986,266,293]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Batagur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dhongoka">
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<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0271D67FD8BA803FC9A9613" bold="true" box="[602,829,266,293]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Batagur dhongoka</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0271D67FC9DA803FC769613" author="Gray J. E." box="[844,977,267,293]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref23785" refString="Gray J. E. 1832. Illustrations of Indian Zoology, Chiefly Selected from the Collection of Major-General Hardwicke. Vol II, part XI. Adolphus Richter and Co., London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 95127" type="book" year="1832">Gray, 1832</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3742D96C0271D67FD09A826FCFB967F" box="[728,860,302,329]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0271D67FD09A826FCFB967F" blockId="19.[602,986,266,329]" box="[728,860,302,329]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<figureCitation id="13556298C0271D67FD09A826FCFB967F" box="[728,860,302,329]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="20.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionStartId-1="21.[189,232,1964,1990]" captionTargetBox-0="[197,1386,529,1883]" captionTargetBox-1="[194,1393,1213,1914]" captionTargetId-0="figure@20.[189,1398,516,1893]" captionTargetId-1="figure@21.[189,1398,1210,1917]" captionTargetPageId-0="20" captionTargetPageId-1="21" captionText-0="Fig. 14. BMNH 39841, holotype of Batagur durandi Lydekker, 1885, here identified as synonym of Batagur dhongoka (Gray, 1832). A. Photograph of carapace. B. Illustration of carapace. C. Photograph of plastron. D. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm." captionText-1="Fig. 15. IM W19/173, previously undescribed, here identified as Batagur dhongoka (Gray, 1832). A. Photograph of carapace. B. Illustration of carapace. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860268" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860270" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3860268/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3860270/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 14–15</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0271D67FF6CA87BFDFC96BA" blockId="19.[189,747,370,510]" box="[189,603,370,397]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0271D67FF6CA87BFDA296BB" authority="Gray, 1832" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1832" box="[189,517,370,397]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Emys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dhongoka">
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<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0271D67FF6CA87BFEDF96BA" box="[189,376,370,396]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Emys dhongoka</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0271D67FEAEA87BFDA296BB" author="Gray J. E." box="[383,517,371,397]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref23785" refString="Gray J. E. 1832. Illustrations of Indian Zoology, Chiefly Selected from the Collection of Major-General Hardwicke. Vol II, part XI. Adolphus Richter and Co., London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 95127" type="book" year="1832">Gray, 1832</bibRefCitation>
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: pl. 60
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0271D67FF6CA891FD4C9684" blockId="19.[189,747,370,510]" box="[189,747,408,435]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0271D67FF6CA891FD409684" author="Dumeril A. M. C. & Bibron G." box="[189,743,408,435]" page="334" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1835">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0271D67FF6CA891FD409684" authority="Dumeril & Bibron, 1835: 334" authorityName="Dumeril & Bibron" authorityPageNumber="334" authorityYear="1835" box="[189,743,408,435]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Emys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="duvaucelli">
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<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0271D67FF6CA891FED99684" box="[189,382,408,434]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Emys duvaucelli</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0271D67FE54A890FD409684" author="Dumeril A. M. C. & Bibron G." box="[389,743,408,435]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref22986" refString="Dumeril A. M. C. & Bibron G. 1835. Erpetologie generale ou Histoire naturelle complete des Reptiles - II. Cheloniens. Librairie encyclopedique de Roret, Paris." type="book" year="1835">Duméril & Bibron, 1835: 334</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0271D67FF6CA8B6FDD096EE" blockId="19.[189,747,370,510]" box="[189,631,446,472]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0271D67FF6CA8B6FDD496EE" author="Gray J. E." box="[189,627,446,472]" page="202" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1869">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0271D67FF6CA8B6FDD496EE" ID-CoL="6NJ4R" authority="Gray, 1869: 202" authorityName="Gray" authorityPageNumber="202" authorityYear="1869" box="[189,627,446,472]" class="Testudines" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Kachuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">
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<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0271D67FF6CA8B6FE0D96EE" box="[189,426,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Kachuga hardwickii</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0271D67FE63A8B6FDD496EE" author="Gray J. E." box="[434,627,446,472]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="165 - 225" refId="ref23961" refString="Gray J. E. 1869. Notes on the families and genera of tortoises (Testudinata), and on the characters afforded by the study of their skulls. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869: 165 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1869. tb 07312. x" type="journal article" year="1869">Gray, 1869: 202</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0271D67FF6CA8ECFD3796C8" blockId="19.[189,747,370,510]" box="[189,656,483,510]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7E5933C0271D67FF6CA8ECFD3796C8" box="[189,656,483,510]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0271D67FF6CA8ECFD2C96C8" author="Lydekker R." box="[189,651,483,510]" page="192" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1885">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0271D67FF6CA8ECFD2C96C8" authority="Lydekker, 1885 a: 192" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityPageNumber="192" authorityYear="1885" box="[189,651,483,510]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Batagur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="durandi">
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<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0271D67FF6CA8ECFE2696C8" box="[189,385,484,510]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Batagur durandi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0271D67FE58A8EBFD2C96C8" author="Lydekker R." box="[393,651,483,510]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="155 - 208" refId="ref24414" refString="Lydekker R. 1885 a. Indian Tertiary and post-Tertiary Vertebrata, Part III - Siwalik and Narbada Chelonia. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica 10 (3): 155 - 208." type="journal article" year="1885">Lydekker, 1885a: 192</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0271D67FF6CAB20FBBE9574" blockId="19.[189,1049,551,729]" box="[189,1049,551,578]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7E5933C0271D67FF6CAB20FBBE9574" box="[189,1049,551,578]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0271D67FF6CAB20FE099577" box="[189,430,552,578]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0271D67FF6CAB20FE3F9574" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[189,408,552,578]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Batagur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dhongoka">Batagur dhongoka</taxonomicName>
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–
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</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0271D67FE64AB20FD1F9577" box="[437,696,551,578]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Gray 1855 (1856): 36</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. —
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0271D67FD39AB2FFBB29574" author="Praschag P. & Hundsdorfer A. K. & Fritz U." box="[744,1045,551,578]" page="439" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="2007">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0271D67FD39AB2FFBB29574" author="Praschag P. & Hundsdorfer A. K. & Fritz U." box="[744,1045,551,578]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="429 - 442" refId="ref25411" refString="Praschag P., Hundsdorfer A. K. & Fritz U. 2007. Phylogeny and taxonomy of endangered South and South-east Asian freshwater turtles elucidated by mtDNA sequence variaton (Testudines: Geoemydidae: Batagur, Callagur, Hardella, Kachuga, Pangshura). Zoologica Scripta 36: 429 - 442. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.2007.00293. x" type="journal article" year="2007">
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Praschag
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0271D67FC88AB20FC349577" box="[857,915,552,578]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
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2007: 439
|
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0271D67FF6CAB45FD369551" blockId="19.[189,1049,551,729]" box="[189,657,589,615]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0271D67FF6CAB45FE039551" box="[189,420,589,615]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Clemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dhongoka">Clemmys dhongoka</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0271D67FE10AB45FD2A9551" author="Strauch A." box="[449,653,589,615]" page="33" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1862">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0271D67FE10AB45FD2A9551" author="Strauch A." box="[449,653,589,615]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 197" refId="ref25675" refString="Strauch A. 1862. Chelonologische Studien, mit besonderer Beziehung auf die Schildkrotensammlung der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St. - Petersburg. Memoires de l'Academie imperiale des Sciences de St. - Petersbourg, 7 ieme serie 5 (7): 1 - 197." type="journal article" year="1862">Strauch 1862: 33</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0271D67FF6CAB7BFD2E95B8" blockId="19.[189,1049,551,729]" box="[189,649,627,654]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7E5933C0271D67FF6CAB7BFD2E95B8" box="[189,649,627,654]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0271D67FF6CAB7BFE7695BB" box="[189,465,627,653]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Dhongoka
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0271D67FEEEAB7BFE1C95BB" ID-CoL="6NJ4R" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[319,443,627,653]" class="Testudines" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Kachuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">hardwickii</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0271D67FE09AB7BFD2295B8" author="Gray J. E." box="[472,645,627,654]" page="56" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1870">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0271D67FE09AB7BFD2295B8" author="Gray J. E." box="[472,645,627,654]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref24024" refString="Gray J. E. 1870. Supplement to the Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British Museum, Part I - Testudinata (Tortoises) with figures of the skulls of 36 genera. Order of the Trustees, London." type="book" year="1870">Gray 1870: 56</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0271D67FF6CAB92FD159585" blockId="19.[189,1049,551,729]" box="[189,690,665,691]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7E5933C0271D67FF6CAB92FD159585" box="[189,690,665,691]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0271D67FF6CAB92FE399585" box="[189,414,665,691]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Batagur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="duvaucelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0271D67FF6CAB92FE399585" box="[189,414,665,691]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Batagur duvaucelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0271D67FE6BAB91FD099585" author="Anderson J. A." box="[442,686,665,691]" page="738" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1879">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0271D67FE6BAB91FD099585" author="Anderson J. A." box="[442,686,665,691]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref22354" refString="Anderson J. A. 1879. Anatomical and Zoological Researches: Comprising an Account of the Zoological Results of the two Expeditions to Western Yunnan in 1868 and 1875; and a Monograph of the two Cetacean Genera, Platanista and Orcella. Bernard Quaritch, London." type="book" year="1879">Anderson 1879: 738</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0271D67FF6CABB6FD1795EF" blockId="19.[189,1049,551,729]" box="[189,688,702,729]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7E5933C0271D67FF6CABB6FD1795EF" box="[189,688,702,729]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0271D67FF6CABB6FE1F95EE" box="[189,440,702,728]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0271D67FF6CABB6FE0595EE" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[189,418,702,728]" class="Testudines" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Kachuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dhongoka">Kachuga dhongoka</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0271D67FE6EABB6FD0B95EF" author="Boulenger G. A." box="[447,684,702,729]" page="56" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1889">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0271D67FE6EABB6FD0B95EF" author="Boulenger G. A." box="[447,684,702,729]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref22539" refString="Boulenger G. A. 1889. Catalogue of the Chelonians, Rhynchocephalians, and Crocodiles in the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London." type="book" year="1889">Boulenger 1889: 56</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3742D96C0271D67FF6CAA0BFDA093C7" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0271D67FF6CAA0BFF5D942B" blockId="19.[189,250,771,797]" box="[189,250,771,797]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<heading id="D099C971C0271D67FF6CAA0BFF5D942B" bold="true" box="[189,250,771,797]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0271D67FF6CAA0BFF5D942B" bold="true" box="[189,250,771,797]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5C0BFC0271D67FF6CAA0BFF5D942B" box="[189,250,771,797]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0271D67FF6CAA3BFE4A9478" blockId="19.[189,493,819,846]" box="[189,493,819,846]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Unknown (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0271D67FE91AA3CFE479478" author="Iverson J. B." box="[320,480,820,846]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref24146" refString="Iverson J. B. 1992. A Revised Checklist with Distribution Maps of the Turtles of the World. Earlham College, privately printed, Richmond." type="book" year="1992">Iverson 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0271D67FF6CAA7FFE0D94A7" blockId="19.[189,426,887,913]" box="[189,426,887,913]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<heading id="D099C971C0271D67FF6CAA7FFE0D94A7" bold="true" box="[189,426,887,913]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0271D67FF6CAA7FFE0D94A7" bold="true" box="[189,426,887,913]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0271D67FF6CAAA1FAC794F5" blockId="19.[189,1376,936,963]" box="[189,1376,936,963]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B067440C0271D67FF6CAAA1FAFB94F5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2626092318" box="[189,1372,936,963]" collectionCode="BMNH" country="India" location="Siwalik Hills" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="BMNH 39841" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3793E8DC0271D67FF6CAAA1FEB794F5" box="[189,272,937,963]" name="India" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D68B594C0271D67FEF6AAA1FE0894F4" box="[295,431,936,963]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
, holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0271D67FD98AAA1FCAA94F4" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1885" box="[585,781,936,962]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Batagur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="durandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0271D67FD98AAA1FCAA94F4" box="[585,781,936,962]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Batagur durandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8EB128C6C0271D67FCCDAAA0FC1D94F4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C7CF0BC0271D61FD8BA803FEB494F5:8EB128C6C0271D67FCCDAAA0FC1D94F4" box="[796,954,936,962]" country="India" name="Siwalik Hills" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Siwalik Hills</location>
|
||
; Miocene–Pliocene;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC8D666C0271D67FB61AAA1FAFB94F5" box="[1200,1372,937,963]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">BMNH 39841</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0271D67FF6CAAE5FC909331" blockId="19.[189,823,1004,1031]" box="[189,823,1004,1031]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B067440C0271D67FF6CAAE5FC949331" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2626092306" box="[189,819,1004,1031]" collectionCode="IM" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCode="IM W19/173" specimenCount="1">
|
||
COUNTRY UNKNOWN •
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D68B594C0271D67FDD2AAE5FD2B9330" box="[515,652,1004,1031]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC8D666C0271D67FD46AAE5FC949331" box="[663,819,1005,1031]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">IM W19/173</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0271D67FF6CAD39FEFA937C" blockId="19.[189,349,1072,1099]" box="[189,349,1072,1099]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<heading id="D099C971C0271D67FF6CAD39FEFA937C" bold="true" box="[189,349,1072,1099]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0271D67FF6CAD39FEFA937C" bold="true" box="[189,349,1072,1099]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5C0BFC0271D67FF6CAD39FF5D937D" box="[189,250,1073,1099]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0271D67FF6CAD6AFBEB934A" blockId="19.[189,1100,1121,1148]" box="[189,1100,1121,1148]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Not stated originally, restricted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0271D67FD85AD69FD57934A" author="Smith M. A." box="[596,752,1121,1148]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref25606" refString="Smith M. A. 1931. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma, Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. I - Loricata, Testudines. Taylor and Francis, London." type="book" year="1931">Smith (1931)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to “N.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3793E8DC0271D67FC97AD69FC22934D" box="[838,901,1121,1147]" name="India" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0271D67FC4EAD6AFB98934A" author="Iverson J. B." box="[927,1087,1122,1148]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref24146" refString="Iverson J. B. 1992. A Revised Checklist with Distribution Maps of the Turtles of the World. Earlham College, privately printed, Richmond." type="book" year="1992">Iverson 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0271D67FF6CADADFEE89389" blockId="19.[189,335,1189,1215]" box="[189,335,1189,1215]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<heading id="D099C971C0271D67FF6CADADFEE89389" bold="true" box="[189,335,1189,1215]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0271D67FF6CADADFEE89389" bold="true" box="[189,335,1189,1215]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0271D67FF6CADDEFDA093C7" blockId="19.[189,519,1238,1265]" box="[189,519,1238,1265]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Miocene/Pliocene – Recent.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3742D96C0271D67FF6CAC12FEA392E1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0271D67FF6CAC12FCD09203" blockId="19.[189,887,1306,1333]" box="[189,887,1306,1333]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<heading id="D099C971C0271D67FF6CAC12FCD09203" bold="true" box="[189,887,1306,1333]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0271D67FF6CAC12FCD09203" bold="true" box="[189,887,1306,1333]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Differential osteological diagnosis using shell characters</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0271D67FF6CAC44FEA392E1" blockId="19.[189,1399,1355,1495]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0271D67FF6CAC44FE3C9250" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[189,411,1356,1382]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Batagur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dhongoka">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0271D67FF6CAC44FE3C9250" box="[189,411,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Batagur dhongoka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be differentiated from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0271D67FCFFAC44FC299253" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1856" box="[814,910,1356,1381]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Batagur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0271D67FCFFAC44FC299253" box="[814,910,1356,1381]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Batagur</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species by the presence of an elongated fourth vertebral scute that overlaps four neural bones, a second vertebral scute with a posterior protrusion into the third vertebral, a straight humeropectoral sulcus, and a gulohumeral sulcus that forms a right angle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3742D96C0271D61FF6CAF08FEEC95A5" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0271D67FF6CAF08FDF8912C" blockId="19.[189,607,1536,1562]" box="[189,607,1536,1562]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<heading id="D099C971C0271D67FF6CAF08FDF8912C" bold="true" box="[189,607,1536,1562]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0271D67FF6CAF08FDF8912C" bold="true" box="[189,607,1536,1562]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Description of material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0271D61FF6CAF3AFB07967D" blockId="19.[189,1399,1586,2027]" lastBlockId="21.[189,1399,267,331]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
BMNH 39841 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13556298C0271D67FEADAF3AFE71917A" box="[380,470,1586,1612]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[197,1386,529,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[189,1398,516,1893]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 14. BMNH 39841, holotype of Batagur durandi Lydekker, 1885, here identified as synonym of Batagur dhongoka (Gray, 1832). A. Photograph of carapace. B. Illustration of carapace. C. Photograph of plastron. D. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860268/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D5C0BFC0271D67FE3EAF3AFDF1917A" box="[495,598,1586,1612]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0271D67FD55AF3BFCEC917A" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1885" box="[644,843,1586,1612]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Batagur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="durandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0271D67FD55AF3BFCEC917A" box="[644,843,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Batagur durandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– This is an almost complete, well-preserved specimen from Miocene/Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills, probably of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3793E8DC0271D67FC6FAF5FFC5A9147" box="[958,1021,1623,1649]" name="India" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, that was presented to BMNH by P.T. Cautley. The original figure by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0271D67FD85AF75FCB991AE" author="Lydekker R." box="[596,798,1661,1688]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="155 - 208" refId="ref24414" refString="Lydekker R. 1885 a. Indian Tertiary and post-Tertiary Vertebrata, Part III - Siwalik and Narbada Chelonia. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica 10 (3): 155 - 208." type="journal article" year="1885">Lydekker (1885a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 24.2) overall compares well to our observations, but we note differences in the shape of vertebrals III and IV and the presence of peripherals, and we document the plastron for the first time (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13556298C0271D67FD58AFC1FD7C91D5" box="[649,731,1737,1763]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[197,1386,529,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[189,1398,516,1893]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 14. BMNH 39841, holotype of Batagur durandi Lydekker, 1885, here identified as synonym of Batagur dhongoka (Gray, 1832). A. Photograph of carapace. B. Illustration of carapace. C. Photograph of plastron. D. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860268/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
C–D).A portion of the anterior margin of the carapace and some posterior left peripheral bones are missing. The specimen clearly represents an adult female due to its large size (carapace length greater than
|
||
<quantity id="4C96D3F8C0271D67FD07AE1CFC849019" box="[726,803,1812,1839]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="40.0">40 cm</quantity>
|
||
). A median longitudinal carapacial keel is present, which is elevated in the posterior region of the second vertebral scute. All neural bones are hexagonal and anteriorly short-sided. The first to fourth neural bones are about the same size and longer than wide. The fifth to eighth neural bones are wider than long. The seventh neural is anomalously divided into two elements. The first vertebral scute is bell-shaped and has a small anterolateral constriction. The second vertebral scute has a deep protrusion along its posterior margin into the third vertebral. The third vertebral scute has a smaller protrusion into the fourth vertebral scute. The fourth vertebral is twice as long than wide and its anterior margin intersects the fourth neural. The sulcus between the first and second pleural forms a deep anterolateral projection onto the first costal bone. The fifth and sixth marginal scutes overlap part of the costal bones. The anterior plastral margin is not completely preserved. The entoplastron is not intersected by the humeropectoral sulcus. the pectoroabdominal sulcus contacts the fifth marginal scute on one side of the specimen, but the sixth marginal on the other. Both the fifth and sixth marginal scutes overlap the hyoplastron. The hyo-hypoplastral suture and pectoroabdominal sulcus do not overlap or coincide. The xiphiplastra have a small, rounded anal notch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF112E95C0201D60FF6CAE82FCE790DD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860268" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860268" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860268/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[189,232,1930,1956]" targetBox="[197,1386,529,1883]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0201D60FF6CAE82FCE790DD" blockId="20.[189,1398,1930,2027]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0201D60FF6CAE82FEBB9092" bold="true" box="[189,284,1930,1956]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 14.</emphasis>
|
||
BMNH 39841, holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0201D60FDA4AE83FBA59093" authority="Lydekker, 1885" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1885" box="[629,1026,1930,1957]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Batagur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="durandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0201D60FDA4AE83FC9B9092" box="[629,828,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Batagur durandi</emphasis>
|
||
Lydekker, 1885
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, here identified as synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0201D60FF6CAEA6FD9E90FE" authority="(Gray, 1832)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[189,569,1966,1992]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Batagur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dhongoka">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0201D60FF6CAEA6FE3E90FE" box="[189,409,1966,1992]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Batagur dhongoka</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0201D60FE79AEA6FD9790FE" author="Gray J. E." box="[424,560,1966,1992]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref23785" refString="Gray J. E. 1832. Illustrations of Indian Zoology, Chiefly Selected from the Collection of Major-General Hardwicke. Vol II, part XI. Adolphus Richter and Co., London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 95127" type="book" year="1832">Gray, 1832</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0201D60FD95AEA5FDFE90F1" bold="true" box="[580,601,1965,1991]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Photograph of carapace.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0201D60FC5DAEA6FC0790FE" bold="true" box="[908,928,1966,1992]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Illustration of carapace.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0201D60FB1AAEA5FB4790F1" bold="true" box="[1227,1248,1965,1991]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Photograph of plastron.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0201D60FE9BAED9FEF890DD" bold="true" box="[330,351,2001,2027]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0211D61FF6CA87DFEEC95A5" blockId="21.[189,1399,372,659]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
IM W19/173 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13556298C0211D61FEB3A87CFE1296B9" box="[354,437,372,399]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1964,1990]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,1213,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[189,1398,1210,1917]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 15. IM W19/173, previously undescribed, here identified as Batagur dhongoka (Gray, 1832). A. Photograph of carapace. B. Illustration of carapace. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860270/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
) – This is a well-preserved specimen that lacks provenance data and that appears to be unpublished. The majority of sutures and sulci of the carapace are clearly visible. The specimen likely represents an adult female due to its large size (carapace length greater than
|
||
<quantity id="4C96D3F8C0211D61FB86A8B7FB0196EF" box="[1111,1190,447,473]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="cm" value="40.0">40 cm</quantity>
|
||
). The carapace is highly domed at its center. A median carapacial keel is present, with protrusions at the posterior margins of the second and third vertebral scutes. The neural bones, likely the sixth to eighth, are anteriorly short-sided. The sulcus between the first and the second pleurals and the second and third pleurals are positioned over the second and fourth costal bones, respectively. The plastron is damaged and thus not shown here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3742D96C0211D61FF6CABB5FEB494F5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0211D61FF6CABB5FEE395E1" blockId="21.[189,324,701,727]" box="[189,324,701,727]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<heading id="D099C971C0211D61FF6CABB5FEE395E1" bold="true" box="[189,324,701,727]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0211D61FF6CABB5FEE395E1" bold="true" box="[189,324,701,727]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0211D61FF6CABE6FEB494F5" blockId="21.[189,1399,750,963]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Here, we attribute these two specimens to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0211D61FD15ABE7FC04943E" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[708,931,750,776]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Batagur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dhongoka">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0211D61FD15ABE7FC04943E" box="[708,931,750,776]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Batagur dhongoka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the protrusion of the second vertebral into the third, a medially short third vertebral scute, a fourth vertebral scute that is much longer than wide, and a large plastron with straight humeropectoral sulci that do not cross the entoplastron (noticeable on BMNH 39841). This confirms the synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0211D61FC56AA57FBA4944E" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1885" box="[903,1027,862,888]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Batagur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="durandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0211D61FC56AA57FBA4944E" box="[903,1027,862,888]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">B. durandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0211D61FB92AA57FABA944E" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[1091,1309,862,888]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Batagur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dhongoka">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0211D61FB92AA57FABA944E" box="[1091,1309,862,888]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Batagur dhongoka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as first suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0211D61FEB0AA8BFD9494AB" author="Boulenger G. A." box="[353,563,899,925]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref22539" refString="Boulenger G. A. 1889. Catalogue of the Chelonians, Rhynchocephalians, and Crocodiles in the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London." type="book" year="1889">Boulenger (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and later supported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0211D61FC85AA8BFB8D94AB" author="Lydekker R." box="[852,1066,899,925]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="56 - 59" refId="ref24763" refString="Lydekker R. 1889 a. Notes on Siwalik and Narbada Chelonia. Records of the Geological Survey of India 22 (1): 56 - 59." type="journal article" year="1889">Lydekker (1889a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, TEWG (2015) and TTWG (2017).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |