306 lines
41 KiB
XML
306 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document id="ED69F4957BF7222B8AB6A6C068AC888D" ID-CLB-Dataset="21809" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2020.652" ID-GBIF-Dataset="64fd24bb-ee1d-44d7-ac6a-25e8d5f96777" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860236" ID-ZooBank="DC65C142-53F1-4416-A916-8F78C27DCF93" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1590592466678" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Garbin, Rafaella C., Bandyopadhyay, Saswati & Joyce, Walter G." docDate="2020" docId="03C7CF0BC0221D6EFDB8A803FCAD953D" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-652_garbin_bandyopadhyay_joyce.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 652" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pangshura Gray 1856" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="FFFEB773C0341D74FFD1A908FFA79736" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of geoemydid turtles from Siwalik-age of India and Pakistan" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1698841626966" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="95443BCC01085B06BD980CCD7BCB4595">A taxonomic revision of geoemydid turtles from Siwalik-age of India and Pakistan</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="07DAE33BA9DDFF5471BDE36080F19246">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="681306BC8521B6EBE5715571C2AF0FBC">Garbin, Rafaella C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BE3573575A5FB4D58972DABBD6E42E85">Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg; Chemin du Musée 6, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: A 8 FCEF 2 B- 7524 - 46 C 3 - 808 C-D 9 CBFBC 08017 & Corresponding author: garbin. rafaella @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C63E1D3CEDEF502667E31BD5BA869299" type="email">garbin.rafaella@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="499DF9AE857E7A7672EFD9B4C13E493B">Bandyopadhyay, Saswati</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1742AC910CF164E506D68E0AF42604A5" type="LSID">02005D35-6DA9-4A7E-B838-16F4FEF108DA</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="A243DAFE1D6864BD2C1E0CC9E028E39C">Geological Studies Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata; Barrackpore Trunk Road 233, Kolkata, India. & Email: saswati @ isical. ac. in & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 02005 D 35 - 6 DA 9 - 4 A 7 E-B 838 - 16 F 4 FEF 108 DA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C6947D7625CA5A1EFD2020C1C2EC3AB7" type="email">saswati@isical.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="AF27CAF3CA149B6882AFC9B3175D6059">Joyce, Walter G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="490BB16D9249478080CF4558A3E43062">Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg; Chemin du Musée 6, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. & Email: walter. joyce @ unifr. ch & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: C 30 D 317 A- 0029 - 439 C- 8446 - 31281771 ADA 5</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="74DD842EBBEEB4095725F0D73274AE11" type="email">walter.joyce@unifr.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="DF9A546DEA9BB761538F6D0BBB032818">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="368CD85830064C3257181DA3BD99CA8F">
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<mods:date id="7D9FC75645E14E187001CD0515371C1D">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6B3A23BA1F968F999C1A959E50DCA9F3">2020-05-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AD17F844D69A788504115212BC580F9B">652</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="2419CEB5B53AEB3BEB956A1FF71E0225" type="CLB-Dataset">21809</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4A3DAE6AE1F9CB7CA8D0E6763099CD51" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2020.652</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C7CF0BC0221D6EFDB8A803FCAD953D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3861119" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164362574" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3861119" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C7CF0BC0221D6EFDB8A803FCAD953D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C7CF0BC0221D6EFDB8A803FCAD953D" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection id="C3742D96C0221D62FDB8A803FC6C9610" box="[617,971,267,294]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0221D62FDB8A803FC6C9610" blockId="22.[617,971,267,328]" box="[617,971,267,294]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||
<heading id="D099C971C0221D62FDB8A803FC6C9610" box="[617,971,267,294]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="2">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0221D62FD6AA803FC6C9610" authority="Gray, 1856" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1856" box="[699,971,267,294]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Pangshura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0221D62FD6AA803FCE69610" bold="true" box="[699,833,267,294]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pangshura</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0221D62FC99A803FC6C9610" author="Gray J. E." box="[840,971,267,294]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref23879" refString="Gray J. E. 1856 (" 1855 "). Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British Museum, Part I - Testudinata (Tortoises). Order of the Trustees, London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5491" type="book" year="1856">Gray, 1856</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3742D96C0221D62FD09A826FCFC967E" box="[728,859,302,328]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0221D62FD09A826FCFC967E" blockId="22.[617,971,267,328]" box="[728,859,302,328]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<figureCitation id="13556298C0221D62FD09A826FCFC967E" box="[728,859,302,328]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="23.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionStartId-1="24.[189,232,1931,1957]" captionStartId-2="25.[189,232,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox-0="[194,1392,417,1868]" captionTargetBox-1="[196,1394,634,1883]" captionTargetBox-2="[193,1389,692,1876]" captionTargetId-0="figure@23.[189,1398,414,1874]" captionTargetId-1="figure@24.[189,1398,631,1885]" captionTargetId-2="figure@25.[189,1398,688,1882]" captionTargetPageId-0="23" captionTargetPageId-1="24" captionTargetPageId-2="25" captionText-0="Fig. 16. BMNH 39837, referred to Pangshura flaviventer Günther, 1864 by Lydekker (1885a), here identified as Pangshura sp. A. Photograph of carapace. B. Illustration of carapace. C. Photograph of plastron. D. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm." captionText-1="Fig. 17. BMNH 17435, referred to Pangshura sp. by Lydekker (1885a), herein confirmed. A. Photograph of carapace. B. Illustration of carapace. C. Photograph of plastron. D. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm." captionText-2="Fig. 18. IM E.110, referred to Pangshura flaviventer Günther, 1864 by Lydekker (1885a), here identified as Pangshura sp. A. Photograph of carapace. B. Illustration of carapace. C. Photograph of plastron. D. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860272" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860274" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860276" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3860272/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3860274/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3860276/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 16–18</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3742D96C0221D62FF6CA878FD85968F" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0221D62FF6CA878FEFF96BC" blockId="22.[189,344,368,394]" box="[189,344,368,394]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<heading id="D099C971C0221D62FF6CA878FEFF96BC" bold="true" box="[189,344,368,394]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0221D62FF6CA878FEFF96BC" bold="true" box="[189,344,368,394]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<typeStatus id="54D5C0BFC0221D62FF6CA878FF5D96BC" box="[189,250,368,394]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0221D62FF6CA897FD85968F" blockId="22.[189,546,415,441]" box="[189,546,415,441]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0221D62FF6CA897FDBC968F" authority="(Gray, 1830)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[189,539,415,441]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Pangshura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tecta">
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<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0221D62FF6CA897FED9968E" box="[189,382,415,441]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pangshura tecta</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0221D62FE5FA897FDB4968F" author="Gray J. E." box="[398,531,415,441]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref23595" refString="Gray J. E. 1830. A synopsis of the species of class Reptilia. In: Griffith E. & Pidgeon E. (eds) The Class Reptilia Arranged by the Baron Cuvier, with Specific Descriptions. In: Griffith E. (ed.) The Animal Kingdom Arranged in Conformity with its Organization by the Baron Cuvier, with Additional Descriptions of all the Species Hitherto Named, and of Many not Before noticed. Vol. 9. Reptilia. Whittaker, Treacher and Co, London." type="book" year="1830">Gray, 1830</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3742D96C0221D62FF6CA8E8FB8595A4" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0221D62FF6CA8E8FCD096CC" blockId="22.[189,887,480,506]" box="[189,887,480,506]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||
<heading id="D099C971C0221D62FF6CA8E8FCD096CC" bold="true" box="[189,887,480,506]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0221D62FF6CA8E8FCD096CC" bold="true" box="[189,887,480,506]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Differential osteological diagnosis using shell characters</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0221D62FF6CAB07FB8595A4" blockId="22.[189,1398,526,659]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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A member of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0221D62FEBAAB06FE4B951E" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1856" box="[363,492,526,552]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Pangshura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0221D62FEBAAB06FE4B951E" box="[363,492,526,552]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pangshura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be diagnosed by the presence of a tectiform carapace, strong median carapacial keel, a pleural I/II sulcus with an anteromedial process, a pleural IV/vertebral V sulcus contacting the tenth marginal, a fourth vertebral scute that is much longer than wide and that is strongly constricted anteriorly, and an octagonal fourth neural (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0221D62FCE8AB70FBB195A4" author="Garbin R. C. & Ascarrunz E. & Joyce W. G." box="[825,1046,632,658]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="896 - 918" refId="ref23493" refString="Garbin R. C., Ascarrunz E. & Joyce W. G. 2018. Polymorphic characters in the reconstruction of the phylogeny of geoemydid turtles. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184: 896 - 918. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlx 106" type="journal article" year="2018">
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||
Garbin
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<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0221D62FC45AB71FC6995A4" box="[916,974,632,658]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
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2018
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
|
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3742D96C0221D62FF6CABB1FE6E945A" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0221D62FF6CABB1FE0D95E5" blockId="22.[189,426,697,723]" box="[189,426,697,723]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<heading id="D099C971C0221D62FF6CABB1FE0D95E5" bold="true" box="[189,426,697,723]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="3">
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||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0221D62FF6CABB1FE0D95E5" bold="true" box="[189,426,697,723]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Material examined</emphasis>
|
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</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0221D62FF6CABE0FE6E945A" blockId="22.[189,1398,744,876]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B067440C0221D62FF6CABE0FAD19434" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2626092305" box="[189,1398,744,771]" collectionCode="BMNH" country="India" county="Yamuna-Ganges River" location="Siwalik Hills" municipality="Siwalik Hills" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCode="BMNH 39837" specimenCount="1">
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3793E8DC0221D62FF6CABE0FEB79434" box="[189,272,744,770]" name="India" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">INDIA</collectingCountry>
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||
•
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||
<specimenCount id="9D68B594C0221D62FEFCABE0FE1E9434" box="[301,441,744,770]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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||
;
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||
<locationDeviation id="9A63673FC0221D62FE16ABE0FC879434" box="[455,800,744,770]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Yamuna-Ganges River basin</locationDeviation>
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||
,
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||
<location id="8EB128C6C0221D62FCFFABE0FC689434" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C7CF0BC0221D6EFDB8A803FCAD953D:8EB128C6C0221D62FCFFABE0FC689434" box="[814,975,744,770]" country="India" county="Yamuna-Ganges River" municipality="Siwalik Hills" name="Siwalik Hills" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Siwalik Hills</location>
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||
; Miocene–Pliocene;
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||
<specimenCode id="DBC8D666C0221D62FB1AABE1FAD19434" box="[1227,1398,744,771]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">BMNH 39837</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B067440C0221D62FF03AA03FBE79410" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2626092307" box="[210,1088,779,806]" collectionCode="BMNH" country="India" location="Siwalik Hills" municipality="Siwalik Hills" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCode="BMNH 17435" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D68B594C0221D62FF03AA03FE4D9413" box="[210,490,779,805]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">1 incomplete specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="8EB128C6C0221D62FE29AA03FD3E9413" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C7CF0BC0221D6EFDB8A803FCAD953D:8EB128C6C0221D62FE29AA03FD3E9413" box="[504,665,779,805]" country="India" municipality="Siwalik Hills" name="Siwalik Hills" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Siwalik Hills</location>
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||
; Miocene–Pliocene;
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<specimenCode id="DBC8D666C0221D62FC44AA04FBE79410" box="[917,1088,779,806]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">BMNH 17435</specimenCode>
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||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B067440C0221D62FB8EAA03FE63945A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2626092302" collectionCode="IM" country="India" county="Central Narmada Valley" location="Central Narmada Valley" municipality="Muwar" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCode="IM E.110" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Madhya Pradesh">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D68B594C0221D62FB8EAA03FB4D9413" box="[1119,1258,779,805]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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||
, original of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0221D62FF1BAA27FE32947E" authorityName="" Theobald" authorityYear="1860" box="[202,405,814,840]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Emys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="namadicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0221D62FF1BAA27FE32947E" box="[202,405,814,840]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Emys namadicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AAB0FFC0221D62FE67AA26FD24947E" box="[438,643,814,840]" country="India" name="Madhya Pradesh" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Madhya Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EB128C6C0221D62FD42AA26FC1E947E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C7CF0BC0221D6EFDB8A803FCAD953D:8EB128C6C0221D62FD42AA26FC1E947E" box="[659,953,814,840]" country="India" county="Central Narmada Valley" municipality="Muwar" name="Central Narmada Valley" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Madhya Pradesh">Central Narmada Valley</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EB128C6C0221D62FC1BAA27FBB8947F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C7CF0BC0221D6EFDB8A803FCAD953D:8EB128C6C0221D62FC1BAA27FBB8947F" box="[970,1055,815,841]" country="India" county="Central Narmada Valley" municipality="Muwar" name="Muwar" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Madhya Pradesh">Muwar</location>
|
||
and
|
||
<location id="8EB128C6C0221D62FBB3AA27FA95947E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C7CF0BC0221D6EFDB8A803FCAD953D:8EB128C6C0221D62FBB3AA27FA95947E" box="[1122,1330,814,841]" country="India" county="Central Narmada Valley" municipality="Muwar" name="Doomar Villages" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Madhya Pradesh">Doomar Villages</location>
|
||
; Late Pleistocene;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC8D666C0221D62FE83AA5AFE63945A" box="[338,452,850,876]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">IM E.110</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3742D96C0221D6EFF6CAA9BFBBF967D" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0221D62FF6CAA9BFDF8949B" blockId="22.[189,607,915,941]" box="[189,607,915,941]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<heading id="D099C971C0221D62FF6CAA9BFDF8949B" bold="true" box="[189,607,915,941]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0221D62FF6CAA9BFDF8949B" bold="true" box="[189,607,915,941]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Description of material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0221D62FF6CAADDFB5B92A3" blockId="22.[189,1399,980,1429]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
BMNH 39837 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13556298C0221D62FEA9AADCFE6994D9" box="[376,462,980,1007]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[194,1392,417,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[189,1398,414,1874]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 16. BMNH 39837, referred to Pangshura flaviventer Günther, 1864 by Lydekker (1885a), here identified as Pangshura sp. A. Photograph of carapace. B. Illustration of carapace. C. Photograph of plastron. D. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860272/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
) – This is an almost complete shell from the Miocene/Pliocene of the Yamuna or Ganges River basins in the Siwalik Hills of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3793E8DC0221D62FD34AAF0FC869324" box="[741,801,1016,1042]" name="India" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
originally figured and described in dorsal view by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0221D62FF6CAD13FE2B9300" author="Lydekker R." box="[189,396,1051,1078]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="155 - 208" refId="ref24414" refString="Lydekker R. 1885 a. Indian Tertiary and post-Tertiary Vertebrata, Part III - Siwalik and Narbada Chelonia. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica 10 (3): 155 - 208." type="journal article" year="1885">Lydekker (1885a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 22.3). The specimen is not particularly well preserved, but many more sutures are visible than apparent from the figure of Lydekker. The size (carapace length greater than
|
||
<quantity id="4C96D3F8C0221D62FAF3AD36FAC8936F" box="[1314,1391,1086,1113]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
|
||
) indicates that it represents an adult female. A small keel is present between neural II and suprapygal II. There are no signs of growth annuli. Neural bones II, III, and VII are hexagonal with anterior short sides. Neural IV is octagonal. The third vertebral scute has a strong posterior keel, but no midline prominence. The posterior margin of the first and second pleural scutes have long finger-like anterior projections that intersect costal I and III, respectively. The fifth marginal scute contacts costal bones III and IV. The anterior and posterior plastral margins are not completely preserved. The entoplastron is not intersected by the humeropectoral sulcus. The pectoroabdominal sulcus has lateral notches, which suggest the former presence of longitudinal keels, does not intersect the hyo-hypoplastral suture, and contacts the fifth marginal scute. Axillary and inguinal scutes were likely present. The anal notch is deep.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0221D6CFF6CACB5FE50965A" blockId="22.[189,1399,1468,2023]" lastBlockId="24.[189,1399,267,364]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
BMNH 17435 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13556298C0221D62FEA4ACB4FE6E92E0" box="[373,457,1468,1494]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[189,232,1931,1957]" captionTargetBox="[196,1394,634,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[189,1398,631,1885]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 17. BMNH 17435, referred to Pangshura sp. by Lydekker (1885a), herein confirmed. A. Photograph of carapace. B. Illustration of carapace. C. Photograph of plastron. D. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860274/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
) – This is a small incomplete specimen (total length of
|
||
<quantity id="4C96D3F8C0221D62FB82ACB4FB2992E1" box="[1107,1166,1468,1495]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
|
||
) from the Miocene/ Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills, likely of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3793E8DC0221D62FD59ACD7FD6092CF" box="[648,711,1503,1529]" name="India" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, that was presented to BMNH by P.T. Cautley in 1840 and figured and described in dorsal view by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0221D62FD49AF0BFCC29128" author="Lydekker R." box="[664,869,1539,1566]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="155 - 208" refId="ref24414" refString="Lydekker R. 1885 a. Indian Tertiary and post-Tertiary Vertebrata, Part III - Siwalik and Narbada Chelonia. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica 10 (3): 155 - 208." type="journal article" year="1885">Lydekker (1885a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 22.1). The specimen probably represents an adult male based on its small size and consists of the center of the shell, missing the anterior, posterior as well as part of lateral carapace margins. Some additional sutures are apparent relative to the original figure of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0221D62FEF9AF64FE5A91B1" author="Lydekker R." box="[296,509,1644,1671]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="155 - 208" refId="ref24414" refString="Lydekker R. 1885 a. Indian Tertiary and post-Tertiary Vertebrata, Part III - Siwalik and Narbada Chelonia. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica 10 (3): 155 - 208." type="journal article" year="1885">Lydekker (1885a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. A strong median keel is present, running from the most anterior to the most posterior region of the specimen. The carapace has a tectiform shape in anterior view (not illustrated). There are no signs of growth annuli or intercostal fontanelles. A cervical scute is present. The first vertebral scute is small, with straight lateral margins. The second vertebral scute is hexagonal, with shorter posterolateral margins, and a straight sulcus between the second and third vertebral. The third vertebral scute is pentagonal, has straight lateral margins and a small posterior projection into the fourth vertebral. The fourth vertebral scute is only partially preserved, but constricted anteriorly as strongly as other representatives of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0221D62FE04AE6BFDF1904B" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1856" box="[469,598,1891,1917]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Pangshura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0221D62FE04AE6BFDF1904B" box="[469,598,1891,1917]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pangshura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The interpleural sulcus I–II lies over the suture between costal I and II, and intersects it anteriorly, without a finger-like projection. The interpleural sulcus II–III has a small anterior projection that almost intersects the suture between costal III and IV. The anterior and posterior plastral margins are not preserved. The entoplastron is not intersected by the humeropectoral sulcus. The hyo-hypoplastral suture does not overlap the pectoroabdominal sulcus and contacts peripheral V laterally. The axillary and inguinal scutes are likely present. The fourth, fifth, and sixth marginals form the well-developed bridge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF112E95C0231D63FF6CAE82FC8790DD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860272" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860272/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[189,232,1930,1956]" targetBox="[194,1392,417,1868]" targetPageId="23">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0231D63FF6CAE82FC8790DD" blockId="23.[189,1398,1929,2027]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0231D63FF6CAE82FEBA9092" bold="true" box="[189,285,1930,1956]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 16.</emphasis>
|
||
BMNH 39837, referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0231D63FDBFAE82FB8C9092" authority="Gunther, 1864" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[622,1067,1930,1956]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Pangshura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0231D63FDBFAE82FCD29092" box="[622,885,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Pangshura flaviventer</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0231D63FCAEAE82FB8C9092" author="Gunther A. C. L. G." box="[895,1067,1930,1956]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref24069" refString="Gunther A. C. L. G. 1864. The Reptiles of British India. Arment Biological Press, Landsville, PA. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5012" type="book" year="1864">Günther, 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0231D63FB8CAE82FA929092" author="Lydekker R." box="[1117,1333,1929,1956]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="155 - 208" refId="ref24414" refString="Lydekker R. 1885 a. Indian Tertiary and post-Tertiary Vertebrata, Part III - Siwalik and Narbada Chelonia. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica 10 (3): 155 - 208." type="journal article" year="1885">Lydekker (1885a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, here identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0231D63FE89AEA5FE7E90F1" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1856" box="[344,473,1965,1991]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Pangshura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0231D63FE89AEA5FE7E90F1" box="[344,473,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Pangshura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0231D63FDDCAEA5FD8590F1" bold="true" box="[525,546,1965,1991]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Photograph of carapace.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0231D63FC8FAEA5FCD590F1" bold="true" box="[862,882,1965,1991]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Illustration of carapace.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0231D63FB76AEA5FB1B90F1" bold="true" box="[1191,1212,1965,1991]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Photograph of plastron.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0231D63FEFBAED8FE9890DC" bold="true" box="[298,319,2000,2026]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC02C1D6EFF6CA89CFBBF967D" blockId="24.[189,1399,403,570]" lastBlockId="26.[189,1398,267,331]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
IM E.110 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13556298C02C1D6CFE93A89BFE3C969B" box="[322,411,403,429]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[193,1389,692,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[189,1398,688,1882]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 18. IM E.110, referred to Pangshura flaviventer Günther, 1864 by Lydekker (1885a), here identified as Pangshura sp. A. Photograph of carapace. B. Illustration of carapace. C. Photograph of plastron. D. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860276/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
), original of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC02C1D6CFD99A89CFC45969B" authority="" Theobald, 1860" authorityName="" Theobald" authorityYear="1860" box="[584,994,403,429]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Emys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="namadicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC02C1D6CFD99A89CFCB7969B" box="[584,784,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Emys namadicus</emphasis>
|
||
”
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC02C1D6CFCF6A89BFC45969B" author="Theobald W." box="[807,994,403,429]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="279 - 298" refId="ref25814" refString="Theobald W. 1860. On the tertiary and alluvial deposits of the central portion of the Nerbudda valley. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India 2: 279 - 298." type="journal article" year="1860">Theobald, 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC02C1D6CFC27A89CFB39969B" box="[1014,1182,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">nomen nudum</emphasis>
|
||
) – This specimen is a well-preserved shell of a small individual (total length of
|
||
<quantity id="4C96D3F8C02C1D6CFC6CA8BEFC5A96E7" box="[957,1021,438,465]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
|
||
) from the latest Pleistocene of Muwar-Doomar, Central Narmada Valley,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3793E8DC02C1D6CFD6AA8D1FD5D96C5" box="[699,762,473,499]" name="India" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, originally named by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC02C1D6CFBD5A8D1FB6D96C2" author="Theobald W." box="[1028,1226,473,500]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="279 - 298" refId="ref25814" refString="Theobald W. 1860. On the tertiary and alluvial deposits of the central portion of the Nerbudda valley. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India 2: 279 - 298." type="journal article" year="1860">Theobald (1860)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
but only later figured in dorsal view and described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC02C1D6CFD4EA8F5FCCB952E" author="Lydekker R." box="[671,876,509,536]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="155 - 208" refId="ref24414" refString="Lydekker R. 1885 a. Indian Tertiary and post-Tertiary Vertebrata, Part III - Siwalik and Narbada Chelonia. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica 10 (3): 155 - 208." type="journal article" year="1885">Lydekker (1885a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 22.2). Although we observe fewer sulci and sutures than originally documented by Lydekker, most are well preserved. The presence of a hyo- hypoplastral fontanelle suggests that this is likely a juvenile specimen. A strong median carapacial keel is present, which is at its highest at the posterior region of the third vertebral scute. There are no signs of growth annuli marks. The first vertebral scute has a wide anterior margin followed by a constriction of the lateral margins. The second vertebral scute is hexagonal, subquadrangular, and as long as broad. The third vertebral scute is pentagonal and pointed posteriorly. The fourth vertebral scute is rhomboid, with a slight anterior constriction, and its posterior margin overlaps the suture between the eighth neural bone and the first suprapygal. The sulcus between the first and second pleural scutes is almost straight, overlapping the suture between costal I and II. The sulcus between the second and third pleurals is directed anteriorly in the dorsal portion, without an anterior projection or finger-like process. The anterior and posterior plastral margins are missing. The bridge is well developed with the fourth, fifth, and sixth marginals overlapping the hyo- and hypoplastra. The pectoroabdominal sulcus does not intersect the hyo-hypoplastral suture. The inguinal scute is likely present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF112E95C02C1D6CFF6CAE83FF5990DA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860274" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860274/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" startId="24.[189,232,1931,1957]" targetBox="[196,1394,634,1883]" targetPageId="24">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC02C1D6CFF6CAE83FF5990DA" blockId="24.[189,1399,1931,2028]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC02C1D6CFF6CAE83FEB09093" bold="true" box="[189,279,1931,1957]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 17.</emphasis>
|
||
BMNH 17435, referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC02C1D6CFD9EAE83FD779093" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1856" box="[591,720,1931,1957]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Pangshura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC02C1D6CFD9EAE83FD779093" box="[591,720,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pangshura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC02C1D6CFCCEAE83FC569090" author="Lydekker R." box="[799,1009,1931,1958]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="155 - 208" refId="ref24414" refString="Lydekker R. 1885 a. Indian Tertiary and post-Tertiary Vertebrata, Part III - Siwalik and Narbada Chelonia. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica 10 (3): 155 - 208." type="journal article" year="1885">Lydekker (1885a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, herein confirmed.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC02C1D6CFB1CAE83FB459093" bold="true" box="[1229,1250,1931,1957]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Photograph of carapace.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC02C1D6CFE80AEA7FEC290FF" bold="true" box="[337,357,1967,1993]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Illustration of carapace.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC02C1D6CFD5FAEA6FD0490FE" bold="true" box="[654,675,1966,1992]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Photograph of plastron.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC02C1D6CFC1DAEA7FC4690FF" bold="true" box="[972,993,1967,1993]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF112E95C02D1D6DFF6CAE8EFD1490D1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860276" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860276/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" startId="25.[189,232,1926,1952]" targetBox="[193,1389,692,1876]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC02D1D6DFF6CAE8EFD1490D1" blockId="25.[189,1399,1926,2023]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC02D1D6DFF6CAE8EFEBF9096" bold="true" box="[189,280,1926,1952]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 18.</emphasis>
|
||
IM E.110, referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC02D1D6DFDC8AE8FFC6E9096" authority="Gunther, 1864" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[537,969,1926,1953]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Pangshura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flaviventer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC02D1D6DFDC8AE8FFCBB9097" box="[537,796,1927,1953]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Pangshura flaviventer</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC02D1D6DFCF0AE8EFC6E9096" author="Gunther A. C. L. G." box="[801,969,1926,1952]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref24069" refString="Gunther A. C. L. G. 1864. The Reptiles of British India. Arment Biological Press, Landsville, PA. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5012" type="book" year="1864">Günther, 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC02D1D6DFC23AE8EFB629097" author="Lydekker R." box="[1010,1221,1926,1953]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="155 - 208" refId="ref24414" refString="Lydekker R. 1885 a. Indian Tertiary and post-Tertiary Vertebrata, Part III - Siwalik and Narbada Chelonia. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica 10 (3): 155 - 208." type="journal article" year="1885">Lydekker (1885a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, here identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC02D1D6DFF31AEA2FEC690F2" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1856" box="[224,353,1962,1988]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Pangshura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC02D1D6DFF31AEA2FEC690F2" box="[224,353,1962,1988]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Pangshura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC02D1D6DFE46AEA2FE0B90F2" bold="true" box="[407,428,1962,1988]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Photograph of carapace.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC02D1D6DFD3BAEA2FD5990F2" bold="true" box="[746,766,1962,1988]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Illustration of carapace.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC02D1D6DFBE4AEA2FBED90F2" bold="true" box="[1077,1098,1962,1988]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Photograph of plastron.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC02D1D6DFF6CAEC5FF7590D1" bold="true" box="[189,210,1997,2023]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3742D96C02E1D6EFF6CA87CFCAD953D" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC02E1D6EFF6CA87CFEE396B8" blockId="26.[189,324,372,398]" box="[189,324,372,398]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<heading id="D099C971C02E1D6EFF6CA87CFEE396B8" bold="true" box="[189,324,372,398]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC02E1D6EFF6CA87CFEE396B8" bold="true" box="[189,324,372,398]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC02E1D6EFF6CA8ADFCAD953D" blockId="26.[189,1399,421,524]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
The three herein referred specimens in our opinion lack characters that would allow identifying them to species level. This contradicts in part the original assessments of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC02E1D6EFC30A8C3FB1096D0" author="Lydekker R." box="[993,1207,459,486]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="155 - 208" refId="ref24414" refString="Lydekker R. 1885 a. Indian Tertiary and post-Tertiary Vertebrata, Part III - Siwalik and Narbada Chelonia. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica 10 (3): 155 - 208." type="journal article" year="1885">Lydekker (1885a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. See Discussion (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC02E1D6EFF16A8F9FEEF953D" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1856" box="[199,328,497,523]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Pangshura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC02E1D6EFF16A8F9FEEF953D" box="[199,328,497,523]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Pangshura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens section) for further details.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |