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<document id="0E035E1E9EC638871357EFC0C647D40A" ID-CLB-Dataset="21809" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2020.652" ID-GBIF-Dataset="64fd24bb-ee1d-44d7-ac6a-25e8d5f96777" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860236" ID-ZooBank="DC65C142-53F1-4416-A916-8F78C27DCF93" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1590592466678" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Garbin, Rafaella C., Bandyopadhyay, Saswati &amp; Joyce, Walter G." docDate="2020" docId="03C7CF0BC0141D53FD99AD02FC6295B9" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-652_garbin_bandyopadhyay_joyce.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 652" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Geoclemys hamiltonii" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="FFFEB773C0341D74FFD1A908FFA79736" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of geoemydid turtles from Siwalik-age of India and Pakistan" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1698841626966" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="5999DEAA127531A367F5732926245741">A taxonomic revision of geoemydid turtles from Siwalik-age of India and Pakistan</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0141D54FD99AD02FCE89313" bold="true" box="[584,847,1034,1061]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Geoclemys hamiltonii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0141D54FC8FAD03FC449313" author="Gray J. E." box="[862,995,1035,1061]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref23595" refString="Gray J. E. 1830. A synopsis of the species of class Reptilia. In: Griffith E. &amp; Pidgeon E. (eds) The Class Reptilia Arranged by the Baron Cuvier, with Specific Descriptions. In: Griffith E. (ed.) The Animal Kingdom Arranged in Conformity with its Organization by the Baron Cuvier, with Additional Descriptions of all the Species Hitherto Named, and of Many not Before noticed. Vol. 9. Reptilia. Whittaker, Treacher and Co, London." type="book" year="1830">Gray, 1830</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="13556298C0141D54FD09AD26FCFC937E" box="[728,859,1070,1096]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStartId-0="34.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionStartId-1="35.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionStartId-2="36.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionStartId-3="37.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionStartId-4="38.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox-0="[190,1394,304,1836]" captionTargetBox-1="[215,1380,265,1853]" captionTargetBox-2="[191,1387,262,1881]" captionTargetBox-3="[199,1390,798,1879]" captionTargetBox-4="[196,1388,1314,1880]" captionTargetId-0="figure@34.[189,1401,296,1845]" captionTargetId-1="figure@35.[206,1385,256,1861]" captionTargetId-2="figure@36.[185,1394,254,1893]" captionTargetId-3="figure@37.[189,1398,791,1887]" captionTargetId-4="figure@38.[189,1398,1309,1890]" captionTargetPageId-0="34" captionTargetPageId-1="35" captionTargetPageId-2="36" captionTargetPageId-3="37" captionTargetPageId-4="38" captionText-0="Fig. 22. BMNH 39838, holotype of Clemmys palaeindica Lydekker, 1885, here identified as synonym of Geoclemys hamiltonii (Gray, 1830). A. Photograph of carapace. B. Illustration of carapace. C. Photograph of carapace in lateral view. D. Illustration of carapace in lateral view. E. Photograph of plastron. F. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm." captionText-1="Fig. 23. BMNH 39840, referred to Clemmys palaeindica Lydekker, 1885, here identified as Geoclemys hamiltonii (Gray, 1830). A. Photograph of carapace.B. Illustration of carapace. C. Photograph of carapace in lateral view. D. Illustration of carapace in lateral view. E. Photograph of plastron. F. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm." captionText-2="Fig. 24. BMNH 39842, referred to Damonia hamiltonii Gray, 1869 by Lydekker (1889b), here identified as synonym of Geoclemys hamiltonii (Gray, 1830). A. Photograph of carapace. B. Illustration of carapace. C. Photograph of plastron. D. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm." captionText-3="Fig. 25. BMNH R.887, referred to Damonia hamiltonii Gray, 1869 by Lydekker (1889b), here identified as Geoclemys hamiltonii (Gray, 1830). A. Photograph of carapace. B. Illustration of carapace. C. Photograph of plastron. D. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm." captionText-4="Fig. 26. BMNH R.892, referred to Damonia hamiltonii Gray, 1869 by Lydekker (1889b, under the number BMNH R.829), here identified as Geoclemys hamiltonii (Gray, 1830). A. Photograph of plastron. B. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860284" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860286" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860288" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860290" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860292" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3860284/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3860286/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3860288/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3860290/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3860292/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figs 22–26</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0141D54FF6CAD79FEDA93BC" box="[189,381,1136,1162]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Emys hamiltonii</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0141D54FF6CAD9DFEF09398" box="[189,343,1173,1198]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Emys guttata</emphasis>
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: pl. 76
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<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0141D54FF6CADB1FECB93E4" box="[189,364,1209,1234]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Emys picquotii</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0141D54FF6CADD4FECB93C3" box="[189,364,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Emys picquotii</emphasis>
Lesson 
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0141D54FE1FADD4FE4293C3" box="[462,485,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">in</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0141D54FF6CAC08FEDA922F" box="[189,381,1279,1305]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Emys hamiltonii</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0141D54FF6CAC2CFE0D920B" box="[189,426,1315,1341]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Emys hamiltonoides</emphasis>
Falconer &amp; Cautley 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0141D54FD6FAC2BFC02920B" author="Lydekker R." box="[702,933,1315,1341]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="8 - 130" refId="ref24382" refString="Lydekker R. 1880. Sketch of the history of the fossil vertebrata of India. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 49 (2): 8 - 130." type="journal article" year="1880">Lydekker, 1880: 21</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0141D54FF6CAC4FFD039257" blockId="32.[189,937,1136,1484]" box="[189,676,1351,1377]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0141D54FF6CAC4FFD079257" author="Murray J. A." box="[189,672,1351,1377]" page="107" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="1884">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0141D54FF6CAC4FFD079257" authority="Murray, 1884 a: 107" authorityName="Murray" authorityPageNumber="107" authorityYear="1884" box="[189,672,1351,1377]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Melanochelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0141D54FF6CAC4FFE0A9257" box="[189,429,1351,1377]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Melanochelys pictus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0141D54FE64AC4FFD079257" author="Murray J. A." box="[437,672,1351,1377]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="106 - 111" refId="ref24953" refString="Murray J. A. 1884 a. Additions to the reptilian fauna of Sind. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History 14: 106 - 111. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938409459777" type="journal article" year="1884">Murray, 1884a: 107</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0141D54FF6CAC63FD6E92B3" blockId="32.[189,937,1136,1484]" box="[189,713,1386,1413]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7E5933C0141D54FF6CAC63FD6E92B3" box="[189,713,1386,1413]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0141D54FF6CAC63FD6392B3" author="Lydekker R." box="[189,708,1386,1413]" page="178" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="1885">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0141D54FF6CAC63FD6392B3" authority="Lydekker, 1885 a: 178" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityPageNumber="178" authorityYear="1885" box="[189,708,1386,1413]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Clemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palaeindica">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0141D54FF6CAC63FE1C92B3" box="[189,443,1387,1413]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Clemmys palaeindica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0141D54FE13AC62FD6392B3" author="Lydekker R." box="[450,708,1386,1413]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="155 - 208" refId="ref24414" refString="Lydekker R. 1885 a. Indian Tertiary and post-Tertiary Vertebrata, Part III - Siwalik and Narbada Chelonia. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica 10 (3): 155 - 208." type="journal article" year="1885">Lydekker, 1885a: 178</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0141D54FF6CAC86FCB3929F" blockId="32.[189,937,1136,1484]" box="[189,788,1422,1449]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7E5933C0141D54FF6CAC86FCB3929F" box="[189,788,1422,1449]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0141D54FF6CAC86FCB7929F" author="Tewari B. S. &amp; Badam G. L." box="[189,784,1422,1449]" page="555" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="1969">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0141D54FF6CAC86FCB7929F" authority="Tewari &amp; Badam, 1969: 555" authorityName="Tewari &amp; Badam" authorityPageNumber="555" authorityYear="1969" box="[189,784,1422,1449]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Geoclemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sivalensis">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0141D54FF6CAC86FE10929E" box="[189,439,1422,1448]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Geoclemys sivalensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0141D54FE6FAC86FCB7929F" author="Tewari B. S. &amp; Badam G. L." box="[446,784,1422,1449]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="555 - 558" refId="ref25779" refString="Tewari B. S. &amp; Badam G. L. 1969. A new species of fossil turtle from the Upper Siwaliks of Pinjore, India. Palaeontology 12: 555 - 558." type="journal article" year="1969">Tewari &amp; Badam, 1969: 555</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0141D54FF6CACBAFD2892FA" blockId="32.[189,937,1136,1484]" box="[189,655,1458,1484]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7E5933C0141D54FF6CACBAFD2892FA" box="[189,655,1458,1484]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0141D54FF6CACBAFD2C92FA" author="Badam G. L." box="[189,651,1458,1484]" page="99" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="1979">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0141D54FF6CACBAFD2C92FA" authority="Badam, 1979: 99" authorityName="Badam" authorityPageNumber="99" authorityYear="1979" box="[189,651,1458,1484]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Geoclemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sivalensis">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0141D54FF6CACBAFE1092FA" box="[189,439,1458,1484]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Geoclemys sivalensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0141D54FE6FACBAFD2C92FA" author="Badam G. L." box="[446,651,1458,1484]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref22403" refString="Badam G. L. 1979. Pleistocene Fauna of India: with Special Reference to the Siwaliks. Deccan College, Pune." type="book" year="1979">Badam, 1979: 99</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0141D54FF6CACFCFC9C9138" blockId="32.[189,931,1524,1765]" box="[189,827,1524,1551]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7E5933C0141D54FF6CACFCFC9C9138" box="[189,827,1524,1551]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0141D54FF6CACFCFD889138" box="[189,559,1524,1550]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Clemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hamiltonii" subGenus="Clemmys">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0141D54FF6CACFCFD889138" box="[189,559,1524,1550]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Clemmys (Clemmys) hamiltonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– 
<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0141D54FD9DACFCFC909138" author="Fitzinger L. J." box="[588,823,1524,1551]" page="123" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="1835">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0141D54FD9DACFCFC909138" author="Fitzinger L. J." box="[588,823,1524,1551]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="105 - 128" refId="ref23246" refString="Fitzinger L. J. 1835. Entwurf einer systematischen Anordnung der Schildkroten nach den Grundsatzen der naturlichen Methode. Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte 1: 105 - 128." type="journal article" year="1835">Fitzinger 1835: 123</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0141D54FF6CAF10FD5C9104" blockId="32.[189,931,1524,1765]" box="[189,763,1560,1587]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7E5933C0141D54FF6CAF10FD509104" box="[189,759,1560,1587]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0141D54FF6CAF10FE739104" box="[189,468,1560,1586]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0141D54FF6CAF10FE199104" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[189,446,1560,1586]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Geoclemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hamiltonii">Geoclemys hamiltonii</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0141D54FE0AAF10FD509104" box="[475,759,1560,1587]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0141D54FE0AAF10FDFF9105" author="Gray J. E." box="[475,600,1560,1587]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref23879" refString="Gray J. E. 1856 (&quot; 1855 &quot;). Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British Museum, Part I - Testudinata (Tortoises). Order of the Trustees, London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5491" type="book" year="1856">Gray 1856</bibRefCitation>
(“1855”): 17
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0141D54FF6CAF34FD319160" blockId="32.[189,931,1524,1765]" box="[189,662,1595,1622]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7E5933C0141D54FF6CAF34FD319160" box="[189,662,1595,1622]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0141D54FF6CAF34FE189163" box="[189,447,1596,1622]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0141D54FF6CAF34FE0E9160" box="[189,425,1596,1622]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Clemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hamiltonii">Clemmys hamiltonii</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0141D54FE17AF34FD359160" author="Strauch A." box="[454,658,1595,1622]" page="32" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="1862">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0141D54FE17AF34FD359160" author="Strauch A." box="[454,658,1595,1622]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 197" refId="ref25675" refString="Strauch A. 1862. Chelonologische Studien, mit besonderer Beziehung auf die Schildkrotensammlung der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St. - Petersburg. Memoires de l'Academie imperiale des Sciences de St. - Petersbourg, 7 ieme serie 5 (7): 1 - 197." type="journal article" year="1862">Strauch 1862: 32</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0141D54FF6CAF68FC04914C" blockId="32.[189,931,1524,1765]" box="[189,931,1631,1658]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7E5933C0141D54FF6CAF68FC04914C" box="[189,931,1631,1658]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0141D54FF6CAF68FE67914F" box="[189,448,1631,1657]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0141D54FF6CAF68FE0D914F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[189,426,1631,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Damonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamiltonii">Damonia hamiltonii</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0141D54FE16AF68FD24914C" author="Gray J. E." box="[455,643,1631,1658]" page="195" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="1869">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0141D54FE16AF68FD24914C" author="Gray J. E." box="[455,643,1631,1658]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="165 - 225" refId="ref23961" refString="Gray J. E. 1869. Notes on the families and genera of tortoises (Testudinata), and on the characters afforded by the study of their skulls. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869: 165 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1869. tb 07312. x" type="journal article" year="1869">Gray 1869: 195</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0141D54FD62AF57FC07914C" author="Boulenger G. A." box="[691,928,1631,1658]" page="93" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="1889">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0141D54FD62AF57FC07914C" author="Boulenger G. A." box="[691,928,1631,1658]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref22539" refString="Boulenger G. A. 1889. Catalogue of the Chelonians, Rhynchocephalians, and Crocodiles in the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London." type="book" year="1889">Boulenger 1889: 93</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0141D54FF6CAF8CFD7D91AB" blockId="32.[189,931,1524,1765]" box="[189,730,1667,1694]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7E5933C0141D54FF6CAF8CFD7D91AB" box="[189,730,1667,1694]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0141D54FF6CAF8CFE7091AB" box="[189,471,1667,1693]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Damonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamiltonoides">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0141D54FF6CAF8CFE7091AB" box="[189,471,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Damonia hamiltonoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– 
<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0141D54FE24AF8BFD7191AB" author="Lydekker R." box="[501,726,1667,1693]" page="37" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="1880">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0141D54FE24AF8BFD7191AB" author="Lydekker R." box="[501,726,1667,1693]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="8 - 130" refId="ref24382" refString="Lydekker R. 1880. Sketch of the history of the fossil vertebrata of India. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 49 (2): 8 - 130." type="journal article" year="1880">Lydekker 1880: 37</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0141D54FF6CAFA0FCE191F4" blockId="32.[189,931,1524,1765]" box="[189,838,1703,1730]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7E5933C0141D54FF6CAFA0FCE191F4" box="[189,838,1703,1730]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0141D54FF6CAFA0FE1F91F7" box="[189,440,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0141D54FF6CAFA0FE0691F7" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[189,417,1703,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Damonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamiltoni">Damonia hamiltoni</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0141D54FE6EAFAFFCE691F4" box="[447,833,1703,1730]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0141D54FE6EAFAFFDD891F7" author="Lydekker R." box="[447,639,1703,1729]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref24792" refString="Lydekker R. 1889 b. Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History). Part III. Chelonia. Order of the Trustees, London." type="book" year="1889">Lydekker 1889b</bibRefCitation>
(ex errore): 105
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3742D96C0141D54FF6CAFC3FC2991D3" box="[189,910,1739,1765]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0141D54FF6CAFC3FC2991D3" blockId="32.[189,931,1524,1765]" box="[189,910,1739,1765]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7E5933C0141D54FF6CAFC3FC2991D3" box="[189,910,1739,1765]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0141D54FF6CAFC3FE7591D3" box="[189,466,1739,1765]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0141D54FF6CAFC3FE1B91D3" box="[189,444,1739,1765]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Geoclemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hamoltoni">Geoclemys hamoltoni</taxonomicName>
–
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ACF580CC0141D54FE08AFC3FC2991D3" box="[473,910,1739,1765]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0141D54FE08AFC3FD4291D3" author="Tewari B. S. &amp; Badam G. L." box="[473,741,1739,1765]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="555 - 558" refId="ref25779" refString="Tewari B. S. &amp; Badam G. L. 1969. A new species of fossil turtle from the Upper Siwaliks of Pinjore, India. Palaeontology 12: 555 - 558." type="journal article" year="1969">Tewari &amp; Badam 1969</bibRefCitation>
(ex errore): 1.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3742D96C0141D55FF6CAE05FDA0951A" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0141D54FF6CAE05FF5D9011" blockId="32.[189,250,1805,1831]" box="[189,250,1805,1831]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<heading id="D099C971C0141D54FF6CAE05FF5D9011" bold="true" box="[189,250,1805,1831]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0141D54FF6CAE05FF5D9011" bold="true" box="[189,250,1805,1831]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<typeStatus id="54D5C0BFC0141D54FF6CAE05FF5D9011" box="[189,250,1805,1831]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Type</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0141D54FF6CAE34FDC39060" blockId="32.[189,612,1852,1878]" box="[189,612,1852,1878]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<collectionCode id="ED7FE6D8C0141D54FF6CAE34FEB29060" box="[189,277,1852,1878]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">BMNH</collectionCode>
1947.3.4.41 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0141D54FE66AE34FDF09060" author="Iverson J. B." box="[439,599,1852,1878]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref24146" refString="Iverson J. B. 1992. A Revised Checklist with Distribution Maps of the Turtles of the World. Earlham College, privately printed, Richmond." type="book" year="1992">Iverson 1992</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0141D54FF6CAE76FE0D90AE" blockId="32.[189,426,1918,1944]" box="[189,426,1918,1944]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<heading id="D099C971C0141D54FF6CAE76FE0D90AE" bold="true" box="[189,426,1918,1944]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0141D54FF6CAE76FE0D90AE" bold="true" box="[189,426,1918,1944]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0141D54FF6CAEA5FAD090DD" blockId="32.[189,1399,1965,2027]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<materialsCitation id="3B067440C0141D54FF6CAEA5FEA190DD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2626092312" collectionCode="BMNH" country="India" location="Siwalik Hills" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" specimenCode="BMNH 39838" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F3793E8DC0141D54FF6CAEA5FEB790F1" box="[189,272,1965,1991]" name="India" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">INDIA</collectingCountry>
• 
<specimenCount id="9D68B594C0141D54FEE0AEA5FE1990F1" box="[305,446,1965,1991]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0141D54FDB7AEA5FCCE90F1" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1885" box="[614,873,1965,1991]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Clemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palaeindica">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0141D54FDB7AEA5FCCE90F1" box="[614,873,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Clemmys palaeindica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<location id="8EB128C6C0141D54FCADAEA5FBB890F1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C7CF0BC0141D53FD99AD02FC6295B9:8EB128C6C0141D54FCADAEA5FBB890F1" box="[892,1055,1965,1991]" country="India" name="Siwalik Hills" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Siwalik Hills</location>
; Miocene–Pliocene; 
<specimenCode id="DBC8D666C0141D54FACFAEA5FEA190DD" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">BMNH 39838</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B067440C0141D54FEF0AED9FAD090DD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2626092303" box="[289,1399,2001,2027]" collectionCode="BMNH" country="India" location="Siwalik Hills" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" specimenCode="BMNH 39840, BMNH 39842, BMNH R.887, BMNH R.892" specimenCount="4" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount id="9D68B594C0141D54FEF0AED9FE1290DD" box="[289,437,2001,2027]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
; 
<location id="8EB128C6C0141D54FE13AED9FDC790DD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C7CF0BC0141D53FD99AD02FC6295B9:8EB128C6C0141D54FE13AED9FDC790DD" box="[450,608,2001,2027]" country="India" name="Siwalik Hills" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Siwalik Hills</location>
; Miocene–Pliocene; 
<specimenCode id="DBC8D666C0141D54FC86AED9FBA490DD" box="[855,1027,2001,2027]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">BMNH 39840</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBC8D666C0141D54FBC1AED9FB1B90DD" box="[1040,1212,2001,2027]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">BMNH 39842</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBC8D666C0141D54FB19AED9FAD590DD" box="[1224,1394,2001,2027]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">BMNH R.887</specimenCode>
,
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0151D55FF6CA804FD57967C" blockId="33.[189,1398,267,330]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<specimenCode id="DBC8D666C0151D55FF6CA804FEC59613" box="[189,354,267,294]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">BMNH R.892</specimenCode>
• 
<materialsCitation id="3B067440C0151D55FEAAA803FD4B967C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2626092301" collectionCode="MCASG" county="Pinjore" location="Pinjore stage" municipality="Quranwalla" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" specimenCode="MCASG A/665" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Punjab" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount id="9D68B594C0151D55FEAAA803FDA59613" box="[379,514,267,293]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0151D55FD4BA803FC349613" authorityName="Badam" authorityYear="1979" box="[666,915,267,293]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Geoclemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sivalensis">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0151D55FD4BA803FC349613" box="[666,915,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Geoclemys sivalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<collectingRegion id="49AAB0FFC0151D55FC73A803FC509613" box="[930,1015,267,293]" country="Pakistan" name="Punjab" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Punjab</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="8EB128C6C0151D55FBD3A803FB3A9610" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C7CF0BC0141D53FD99AD02FC6295B9:8EB128C6C0151D55FBD3A803FB3A9610" box="[1026,1181,267,294]" county="Pinjore" municipality="Quranwalla" name="Pinjore stage" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" stateProvince="Punjab">Pinjore stage</location>
, 
<locationDeviation id="9A63673FC0151D55FB79A803FEED967F" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<quantity id="4C96D3F8C0151D55FB79A803FB449613" box="[1192,1251,267,293]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
southeast of Quranwalla
</locationDeviation>
; Early Pleistocene; 
<specimenCode id="DBC8D666C0151D55FDE0A827FD4B967C" box="[561,748,303,330]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">MCASG A/665</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0151D55FF6CA879FEFA96BD" blockId="33.[189,349,369,395]" box="[189,349,369,395]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<heading id="D099C971C0151D55FF6CA879FEFA96BD" bold="true" box="[189,349,369,395]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0151D55FF6CA879FEFA96BD" bold="true" box="[189,349,369,395]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<typeStatus id="54D5C0BFC0151D55FF6CA879FF5D96BD" box="[189,250,369,395]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0151D55FF6CA8A8FE77968C" blockId="33.[189,464,416,442]" box="[189,464,416,442]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
“ 
<collectingCountry id="F3793E8DC0151D55FF16A8A8FEAF968C" box="[199,264,416,442]" name="India" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">India</collectingCountry>
” (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0151D55FEF2A8A8FE64968C" author="Iverson J. B." box="[291,451,416,442]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref24146" refString="Iverson J. B. 1992. A Revised Checklist with Distribution Maps of the Turtles of the World. Earlham College, privately printed, Richmond." type="book" year="1992">Iverson 1992</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0151D55FF6CA8EAFEE896CA" blockId="33.[189,335,482,508]" box="[189,335,482,508]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<heading id="D099C971C0151D55FF6CA8EAFEE896CA" bold="true" box="[189,335,482,508]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0151D55FF6CA8EAFEE896CA" bold="true" box="[189,335,482,508]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Occurrence</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0151D55FF6CAB19FDA0951A" blockId="33.[189,519,529,556]" box="[189,519,529,556]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Miocene/Pliocene – Recent.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3742D96C0151D55FF6CAB5BFDBA95D2" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0151D55FF6CAB5BFCD0955B" blockId="33.[189,887,595,621]" box="[189,887,595,621]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<heading id="D099C971C0151D55FF6CAB5BFCD0955B" bold="true" box="[189,887,595,621]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0151D55FF6CAB5BFCD0955B" bold="true" box="[189,887,595,621]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Differential osteological diagnosis using shell characters</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0151D55FF6CAB8AFDBA95D2" blockId="33.[189,1398,642,740]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0151D55FF6CAB8AFE6595AA" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[189,450,642,668]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Geoclemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hamiltonii">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0151D55FF6CAB8AFE6595AA" box="[189,450,642,668]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Geoclemys hamiltonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be differentiated from other geoemydids by the presence of three strong longitudinal carapace keels, neurals III-VI with anterior short sides, and an entoplastron that is intersected by the humeropectoral sulcus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3742D96C0151D53FF6CAA03FAD2965B" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0151D55FF6CAA03FDF89413" blockId="33.[189,607,779,805]" box="[189,607,779,805]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<heading id="D099C971C0151D55FF6CAA03FDF89413" bold="true" box="[189,607,779,805]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0151D55FF6CAA03FDF89413" bold="true" box="[189,607,779,805]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Description of material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0151D55FF6CAA33FBB0925B" blockId="33.[189,1399,827,1389]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
BMNH 39838 (
<figureCitation id="13556298C0151D55FEA7AA33FE689463" box="[374,463,827,853]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="34.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[190,1394,304,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[189,1401,296,1845]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Fig. 22. BMNH 39838, holotype of Clemmys palaeindica Lydekker, 1885, here identified as synonym of Geoclemys hamiltonii (Gray, 1830). A. Photograph of carapace. B. Illustration of carapace. C. Photograph of carapace in lateral view. D. Illustration of carapace in lateral view. E. Photograph of plastron. F. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860284" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860284/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
), 
<typeStatus id="54D5C0BFC0151D55FE35AA33FDEC9463" box="[484,587,827,853]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0151D55FDA3AA33FCD79463" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1885" box="[626,880,827,853]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Clemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palaeindica">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0151D55FDA3AA33FCD79463" box="[626,880,827,853]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Clemmys palaeindica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– This is an almost complete, exceptionally well-preserved specimen from the Miocene/Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills, likely of 
<collectingCountry id="F3793E8DC0151D55FB67AA56FB52944E" box="[1206,1269,862,888]" name="India" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">India</collectingCountry>
, originally figured and described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0151D55FE3CAA8AFD1C94AB" author="Lydekker R." box="[493,699,898,925]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="155 - 208" refId="ref24414" refString="Lydekker R. 1885 a. Indian Tertiary and post-Tertiary Vertebrata, Part III - Siwalik and Narbada Chelonia. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica 10 (3): 155 - 208." type="journal article" year="1885">Lydekker (1885a</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 21.3). Our observations mostly compare with those of Lydekker, although we see more details in the plastron. The specimen appears to represent an adult due to its large size (carapace length greater than 
<quantity id="4C96D3F8C0151D55FD30AAC2FC9794D2" box="[737,816,970,996]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
). All sulci and sutures on the carapace and most sulci of the plastron are visible. Three longitudinal carapacial keels are present, with varying height throughout the keel. The lateral keels are closer to the neural series than to the peripheral bones. No signs of growth annuli are visible. The cervical scute is present and as long as wide. All vertebral scutes are about the same width. The first vertebral scute is longer than wide and has straight lateral margins. The second and third vertebral scutes are as long as wide. The sulcus between the second pleural and third vertebral is almost straight. Marginal scutes IV–VIII do not contact any costal bones. The eighth marginal scute is slightly serrated at the carapace margin. All neural bones are hexagonal, anteriorly short-sided, and about the same size. The second suprapygal is intersected by the sulcus between the fifth vertebral and twelfth marginal scutes. The anterior plastral margin is straight. The entoplastron is intersected by the gularohumeral sulcus anteriorly and likely by the humeropectoral sulcus posteriorly. A deep and rounded anal notch is present at the posterior plastral margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0151D55FF6CAC9DFED890DD" blockId="33.[189,1399,1429,2027]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
BMNH 39840 (
<figureCitation id="13556298C0151D55FEAFAC9DFE729299" box="[382,469,1429,1455]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="35.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[215,1380,265,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[206,1385,256,1861]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Fig. 23. BMNH 39840, referred to Clemmys palaeindica Lydekker, 1885, here identified as Geoclemys hamiltonii (Gray, 1830). A. Photograph of carapace.B. Illustration of carapace. C. Photograph of carapace in lateral view. D. Illustration of carapace in lateral view. E. Photograph of plastron. F. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860286/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
) – This is a well-preserved subadult specimen (carapace length greater than 
<quantity id="4C96D3F8C0151D55FF6CACB1FEA192E5" box="[189,262,1465,1491]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="11.0">11 cm</quantity>
) from the Miocene/Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills, likely of 
<collectingCountry id="F3793E8DC0151D55FC66ACB0FC5192E4" box="[951,1014,1464,1490]" name="India" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">India</collectingCountry>
, originally figured and described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0151D55FF33ACD4FE0992C1" author="Lydekker R." box="[226,430,1500,1527]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="155 - 208" refId="ref24414" refString="Lydekker R. 1885 a. Indian Tertiary and post-Tertiary Vertebrata, Part III - Siwalik and Narbada Chelonia. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica 10 (3): 155 - 208." type="journal article" year="1885">Lydekker (1885a</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 1). Our observations greatly compare with those of Lydekker. The specimen is missing the posterior half of the carapace and the xiphiplastra. Almost all carapacial sulci and sutures are visible. Three longitudinal keels are present on the carapace, with discontinuous height. The median keel starts at the posterior part of vertebral I. The lateral keels start on the posterior region of costal I and are positioned closer to the neural series than to the peripheral bones. No signs of growth annuli are visible. The cervical scute is present and wider than long. The first vertebral scute is as long as wide, has straight lateral margins, and contacts the second marginal scute. The second and third vertebral scutes are about the same width and are as long as wide. The sulcus between the second pleural and the third vertebral is almost straight. All neural bones are hexagonal, anteriorly short-sided, and about the same size. Peripheral bones III–VII do not have recurved margins that would form a longitudinal gutter. The anterior plastral margin is straight, without a median notch, and has small lateral tuberosities. A small inflection on the gular scute margin is present at the edge of the gularohumeral sulcus. The entoplastron is intersected anteriorly by the gularohumeral sulcus, but not by the humeropectoral sulcus. The pectoroabdominal sulcus and hyo-hyoplastron suture do not overlap. The posterior plastral margin is not preserved.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF112E95C0161D56FF6CAE6FFCBA90DA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860284" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860284" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860284/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" startId="34.[189,232,1895,1921]" targetBox="[190,1394,304,1836]" targetPageId="34">
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0161D56FF6CAE6FFCBA90DA" blockId="34.[189,1399,1895,2028]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0161D56FF6CAE6FFEBE90B4" bold="true" box="[189,281,1895,1922]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 22.</emphasis>
BMNH 39838, holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0161D56FDBAAE60FB8C90B4" authority="Lydekker, 1885" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1885" box="[619,1067,1895,1922]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Clemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palaeindica">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0161D56FDBAAE60FCCE90B4" box="[619,873,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Clemmys palaeindica</emphasis>
Lydekker, 1885
</taxonomicName>
, here identified as synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0161D56FF37AE83FD049093" authority="(Gray, 1830)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[230,675,1931,1957]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Geoclemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hamiltonii">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0161D56FF37AE83FE579093" box="[230,496,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Geoclemys hamiltonii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0161D56FDD9AE83FD3D9093" author="Gray J. E." box="[520,666,1931,1957]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref23595" refString="Gray J. E. 1830. A synopsis of the species of class Reptilia. In: Griffith E. &amp; Pidgeon E. (eds) The Class Reptilia Arranged by the Baron Cuvier, with Specific Descriptions. In: Griffith E. (ed.) The Animal Kingdom Arranged in Conformity with its Organization by the Baron Cuvier, with Additional Descriptions of all the Species Hitherto Named, and of Many not Before noticed. Vol. 9. Reptilia. Whittaker, Treacher and Co, London." type="book" year="1830">Gray, 1830</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0161D56FD66AE83FD6B9093" bold="true" box="[695,716,1931,1957]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">A</emphasis>
. Photograph of carapace. 
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0161D56FBF2AE83FB909093" bold="true" box="[1059,1079,1931,1957]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">B</emphasis>
. Illustration of carapace. 
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0161D56FF6CAEA6FF7590FE" bold="true" box="[189,210,1966,1992]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C</emphasis>
. Photograph of carapace in lateral view. 
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0161D56FD66AEA6FD6B90FE" bold="true" box="[695,716,1966,1992]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">D</emphasis>
. Illustration of carapace in lateral view. 
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0161D56FB7AAEA6FB1890FE" bold="true" box="[1195,1215,1966,1992]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">E</emphasis>
. Photograph of plastron. 
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0161D56FEFBAEDAFE9B90DA" bold="true" box="[298,316,2002,2028]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">F</emphasis>
. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF112E95C0171D57FF6CAE6EFE4090DC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860286" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860286/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" startId="35.[189,232,1894,1920]" targetBox="[215,1380,265,1853]" targetPageId="35">
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0171D57FF6CAE6EFE4090DC" blockId="35.[189,1399,1894,2026]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0171D57FF6CAE6EFEBD90B6" bold="true" box="[189,282,1894,1920]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 23.</emphasis>
BMNH 39840, referred to 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0171D57FD8AAE6EFBBE90B7" authority="Lydekker, 1885" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1885" box="[603,1049,1894,1921]" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Clemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palaeindica">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0171D57FD8AAE6EFCFE90B6" box="[603,857,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Clemmys palaeindica</emphasis>
Lydekker, 1885
</taxonomicName>
, here identified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0171D57FB27AE6EFE779095" authority="(Gray, 1830)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1830" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Geoclemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hamiltonii">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0171D57FB27AE6EFE919095" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Geoclemys hamiltonii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0171D57FE93AE81FE609095" author="Gray J. E." box="[322,455,1929,1955]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref23595" refString="Gray J. E. 1830. A synopsis of the species of class Reptilia. In: Griffith E. &amp; Pidgeon E. (eds) The Class Reptilia Arranged by the Baron Cuvier, with Specific Descriptions. In: Griffith E. (ed.) The Animal Kingdom Arranged in Conformity with its Organization by the Baron Cuvier, with Additional Descriptions of all the Species Hitherto Named, and of Many not Before noticed. Vol. 9. Reptilia. Whittaker, Treacher and Co, London." type="book" year="1830">Gray, 1830</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0171D57FE09AE81FE4A9095" bold="true" box="[472,493,1929,1955]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">A</emphasis>
. Photograph of carapace. 
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0171D57FCC2AE81FC809095" bold="true" box="[787,807,1929,1955]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">B</emphasis>
. Illustration of carapace. 
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0171D57FB96AE81FBFB9095" bold="true" box="[1095,1116,1929,1955]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">C</emphasis>
. Photograph of carapace in lateral view. 
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0171D57FEA7AEA4FE2C90F0" bold="true" box="[374,395,1964,1990]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">D</emphasis>
. Illustration of carapace in lateral view. 
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0171D57FCBEAEA4FC2490F0" bold="true" box="[879,899,1964,1990]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">E</emphasis>
. Photograph of plastron. 
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0171D57FB63AEA4FB6390F0" bold="true" box="[1202,1220,1964,1990]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">F</emphasis>
. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF112E95C0101D50FF6CAE81FBCF90DC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860288" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860288/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" startId="36.[189,232,1929,1955]" targetBox="[191,1387,262,1881]" targetPageId="36">
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0101D50FF6CAE81FBCF90DC" blockId="36.[189,1399,1929,2026]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0101D50FF6CAE81FEBF9095" bold="true" box="[189,280,1929,1955]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 24.</emphasis>
BMNH 39842, referred to 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0101D50FD82AE82FC619095" authority="Gray, 1869" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[595,966,1929,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Damonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamiltonii">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0101D50FD82AE82FC989095" box="[595,831,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Damonia hamiltonii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0101D50FC94AE81FC619095" author="Gray J. E." box="[837,966,1929,1955]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="165 - 225" refId="ref23961" refString="Gray J. E. 1869. Notes on the families and genera of tortoises (Testudinata), and on the characters afforded by the study of their skulls. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869: 165 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1869. tb 07312. x" type="journal article" year="1869">Gray, 1869</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0101D50FC21AE81FB639092" author="Lydekker R." box="[1008,1220,1929,1956]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref24792" refString="Lydekker R. 1889 b. Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History). Part III. Chelonia. Order of the Trustees, London." type="book" year="1889">Lydekker (1889b)</bibRefCitation>
, here identified as synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0101D50FE53AEA4FC9190F0" authority="(Gray, 1830)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[386,822,1964,1990]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Geoclemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hamiltonii">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0101D50FE53AEA4FD2E90F0" box="[386,649,1964,1990]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Geoclemys hamiltonii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0101D50FD4FAEA4FC8A90F0" author="Gray J. E." box="[670,813,1964,1990]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refId="ref23595" refString="Gray J. E. 1830. A synopsis of the species of class Reptilia. In: Griffith E. &amp; Pidgeon E. (eds) The Class Reptilia Arranged by the Baron Cuvier, with Specific Descriptions. In: Griffith E. (ed.) The Animal Kingdom Arranged in Conformity with its Organization by the Baron Cuvier, with Additional Descriptions of all the Species Hitherto Named, and of Many not Before noticed. Vol. 9. Reptilia. Whittaker, Treacher and Co, London." type="book" year="1830">Gray, 1830</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0101D50FC96AEA4FCFB90F0" bold="true" box="[839,860,1964,1990]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">A</emphasis>
. Photograph of carapace. 
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0101D50FB76AEA4FB1C90F0" bold="true" box="[1191,1211,1964,1990]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B</emphasis>
. Illustration of carapace. 
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0101D50FEE3AEC7FEE090DF" bold="true" box="[306,327,1999,2025]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">C</emphasis>
. Photograph of plastron. 
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0101D50FDA3AED8FD2090DC" bold="true" box="[626,647,2000,2026]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">D</emphasis>
. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0111D52FF6CA804FB229555" blockId="37.[189,1399,267,681]" lastBlockId="38.[189,1399,267,611]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
BMNH 39842 (
<figureCitation id="13556298C0111D51FEADA803FE739613" box="[380,468,267,293]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="36.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox="[191,1387,262,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[185,1394,254,1893]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Fig. 24. BMNH 39842, referred to Damonia hamiltonii Gray, 1869 by Lydekker (1889b), here identified as synonym of Geoclemys hamiltonii (Gray, 1830). A. Photograph of carapace. B. Illustration of carapace. C. Photograph of plastron. D. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860288/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
) – This specimen originates from the Miocene/Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills, likely of 
<collectingCountry id="F3793E8DC0111D51FEF8A826FECE967E" box="[297,361,302,328]" name="India" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">India</collectingCountry>
. It was presented to BMNH by Col. P.T. Cautley, but remains unfigured to date. It is an almost complete specimen that is missing the lateral peripheral bones and part of the anterior margin of the plastron. This is clearly an adult specimen due to large size (carapace length greater than 
<quantity id="4C96D3F8C0111D51FACCA87DFACE96B9" box="[1309,1385,373,400]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="35.0">35 cm</quantity>
). The carapace surface is crushed, preventing observation of most sutures and sulci. At least the median longitudinal keel is present, crossing the first, seventh and eighth neural bones. The first vertebral scute has straight lateral margins, without any constriction, contacting the first marginal scute. The neural bones are hexagonal and anteriorly short-sided. The pygal bone is completely intersected by the intermarginal sulcus. The gular scute is longer than wide, overlapping part of entoplastron. The entoplastron is intersected posteriorly by the humeropectoral sulcus. The pectoroabdominal and abdominofemoral sulcus have two anterolateral notches, indicating the former presence of lateral longitudinal keels. The pectoroabdominal and hyo-hypoplastral suture do not overlap. The xiphiplastra have a deep anal notch. BMNH R.887 (
<figureCitation id="13556298C0121D52FEACA803FE719610" box="[381,470,267,294]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="37.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[199,1390,798,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[189,1398,791,1887]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Fig. 25. BMNH R.887, referred to Damonia hamiltonii Gray, 1869 by Lydekker (1889b), here identified as Geoclemys hamiltonii (Gray, 1830). A. Photograph of carapace. B. Illustration of carapace. C. Photograph of plastron. D. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860290" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860290/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
) – This specimen is from the Miocene/Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills, likely of 
<collectingCountry id="F3793E8DC0121D52FF31A826FE87967E" box="[224,288,302,328]" name="India" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">India</collectingCountry>
. It was presented by Col. P.T. Cautley in 1840 to BMNH, but remains unfigured until now. This is an incomplete specimen, consisting of the anterior part of the carapace and the middle part of the plastron. This is clearly an adult specimen with a total carapace length of approximately 
<quantity id="4C96D3F8C0121D52FAF5A87DFAD596B9" box="[1316,1394,373,400]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
. The nuchal, costals I–V, neural bones I–V, as well as some peripherals are preserved. A large part of the right hyo- and hypoplastron, the right bridge, and a small part of left hyo- and hypoplastron are preserved as well. A median carapacial keel and two lateral keels are clearly present. Neural bones II–V are hexagonal with anterior short sides. The first vertebral scute is longer than wide, with a small anterolateral constriction. The third vertebral has a straight lateral sulcus. The pectoroabdominal sulcus and the hyo-hypoplastral suture do not overlap. An inguinal scute is likely present.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF112E95C0111D51FF6CAE80FC5490DF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860290" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860290" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860290/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" startId="37.[189,232,1928,1954]" targetBox="[199,1390,798,1879]" targetPageId="37">
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0111D51FF6CAE80FC5490DF" blockId="37.[189,1399,1928,2025]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0111D51FF6CAE80FE859094" bold="true" box="[189,290,1928,1954]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 25.</emphasis>
BMNH R.887, referred to 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0111D51FD59AE81FBB09094" authority="Gray, 1869" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[648,1047,1928,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Damonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamiltonii">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0111D51FD59AE81FCDA9094" box="[648,893,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Damonia hamiltonii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0111D51FC5DAE80FBB09094" author="Gray J. E." box="[908,1047,1928,1954]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="165 - 225" refId="ref23961" refString="Gray J. E. 1869. Notes on the families and genera of tortoises (Testudinata), and on the characters afforded by the study of their skulls. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869: 165 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1869. tb 07312. x" type="journal article" year="1869">Gray, 1869</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0111D51FB83AE80FA979095" author="Lydekker R." box="[1106,1328,1928,1955]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref24792" refString="Lydekker R. 1889 b. Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History). Part III. Chelonia. Order of the Trustees, London." type="book" year="1889">Lydekker (1889b)</bibRefCitation>
, here identified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0111D51FE83AEA3FD5690F3" authority="(Gray, 1830)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[338,753,1963,1989]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Geoclemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hamiltonii">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0111D51FE83AEA3FDF590F3" box="[338,594,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Geoclemys hamiltonii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0111D51FDB1AEA3FD4F90F3" author="Gray J. E." box="[608,744,1963,1989]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref23595" refString="Gray J. E. 1830. A synopsis of the species of class Reptilia. In: Griffith E. &amp; Pidgeon E. (eds) The Class Reptilia Arranged by the Baron Cuvier, with Specific Descriptions. In: Griffith E. (ed.) The Animal Kingdom Arranged in Conformity with its Organization by the Baron Cuvier, with Additional Descriptions of all the Species Hitherto Named, and of Many not Before noticed. Vol. 9. Reptilia. Whittaker, Treacher and Co, London." type="book" year="1830">Gray, 1830</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0111D51FD2AAEA3FCB790F3" bold="true" box="[763,784,1963,1989]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A</emphasis>
. Photograph of carapace. 
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0111D51FB91AEA3FBF390F3" bold="true" box="[1088,1108,1963,1989]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">B</emphasis>
. Illustration of carapace. 
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0111D51FF6CAEC6FF7590DE" bold="true" box="[189,210,1998,2024]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C</emphasis>
. Photograph of plastron. 
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0111D51FE2DAEC6FDB690DE" bold="true" box="[508,529,1998,2024]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">D</emphasis>
. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0121D52FF6CAB82FB109488" blockId="38.[189,1399,649,958]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
BMNH R.892 (
<figureCitation id="13556298C0121D52FEA5AB81FE6E9592" box="[372,457,649,676]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="38.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,1314,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[189,1398,1309,1890]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Fig. 26. BMNH R.892, referred to Damonia hamiltonii Gray, 1869 by Lydekker (1889b, under the number BMNH R.829), here identified as Geoclemys hamiltonii (Gray, 1830). A. Photograph of plastron. B. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860292/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
) – This specimen was collected from the Miocene/Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills, likely of 
<collectingCountry id="F3793E8DC0121D52FEFAABA5FECD95F1" box="[299,362,685,711]" name="India" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">India</collectingCountry>
, was donated to BMNH by Col. P.T. Cautley in 1840, but remained unfigured to date. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0121D52FF6CABD8FE3395DD" author="Lydekker R." box="[189,404,720,747]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref24792" refString="Lydekker R. 1889 b. Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History). Part III. Chelonia. Order of the Trustees, London." type="book" year="1889">Lydekker (1889b)</bibRefCitation>
wrongly referred to this specimen as BMNH R.829. This is an incomplete adult specimen that only consists of the plastron (plastral length greater than 
<quantity id="4C96D3F8C0121D52FBC5ABFBFBC49438" box="[1044,1123,755,782]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="cm" value="25.0">25 cm</quantity>
). Both the anterior and posterior plastral margins are missing, as well as the right bridge and a part of the left bridge. The entoplastron is intersected by the gularohumeral sulcus anteriorly and by the humeropectoral sulcus posteriorly. The fifth marginal scute covers a part of the left bridge and overlaps onto the hyoplastron. The sixth marginal scute does not overlap the hyoplastron. The hyo-hypoplastral suture contacts peripheral V and does not overlap the pectoroabdominal sulcus. The inguinal scute is likely present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0121D53FF6CAAEDFAD2965B" blockId="38.[189,1399,996,1234]" lastBlockId="39.[189,1399,267,365]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
MCASG A/665, 
<typeStatus id="54D5C0BFC0121D52FE5EAAEDFE5194C9" box="[399,502,997,1023]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0121D52FDF9AAEDFC8F94C9" authorityName="Badam" authorityYear="1979" box="[552,808,997,1023]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Geoclemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sivalensis">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0121D52FDF9AAEDFC8F94C9" box="[552,808,997,1023]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Geoclemys sivalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– This specimen was collected from the Early Pleistocene Pinjore stage, 
<quantity id="4C96D3F8C0121D52FE20AD00FD8A9314" box="[497,557,1032,1058]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
south-east of Quranwalla, Punjab, 
<collectingCountry id="F3793E8DC0121D52FC1AAD00FBAC9314" box="[971,1035,1032,1058]" name="India" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">India</collectingCountry>
. It was preliminarily figured in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0121D52FF6CAD23FE7E9373" author="Tewari B. S. &amp; Badam G. L." box="[189,473,1067,1093]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="555 - 558" refId="ref25779" refString="Tewari B. S. &amp; Badam G. L. 1969. A new species of fossil turtle from the Upper Siwaliks of Pinjore, India. Palaeontology 12: 555 - 558." type="journal article" year="1969">Tewari &amp; Badam (1969</bibRefCitation>
: figs 1–2) and in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0121D52FD77AD23FCED9373" author="Badam G. L." box="[678,842,1067,1093]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref22403" refString="Badam G. L. 1979. Pleistocene Fauna of India: with Special Reference to the Siwaliks. Deccan College, Pune." type="book" year="1979">Badam (1979</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 36A–B, pl. 27), but could not be refigured herein due to logistic constraints. The specimen consists of the anterior half portion of the carapace as well as some plastral bones. Three longitudinal carapacial keels are clearly present, the lateral ones closer to the neurals than the peripherals. Growth annuli marks are present on the pleurals and first vertebral. The first vertebral scute is longer than wide and has slight anterolateral constrictions. Neural I is oval in shape and neurals II and III are anterior short-sided. A large cervical scute is present, almost as long as wide. One hypoplastron and a bony part of the bridge are supposedly preserved, but not figured. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0131D53FF6CA85AFE7B965B" author="Tewari B. S. &amp; Badam G. L." box="[189,476,338,365]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="555 - 558" refId="ref25779" refString="Tewari B. S. &amp; Badam G. L. 1969. A new species of fossil turtle from the Upper Siwaliks of Pinjore, India. Palaeontology 12: 555 - 558." type="journal article" year="1969">Tewari &amp; Badam (1969)</bibRefCitation>
state that mesoplastra are present, but 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0131D53FC72A85BFB81965B" author="Das I." box="[931,1062,339,365]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="104 - 107" refId="ref22771" refString="Das I. 1991. The taxonomic status of the Pleistocene turtle Geoclemys sivalensis. Journal of Herpetology 25 (1): 104 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1564804" type="journal article" year="1991">Das (1991)</bibRefCitation>
indicated this to be an error.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF112E95C0121D52FF6CAE80FD1590DF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860292" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860292/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" startId="38.[189,232,1928,1954]" targetBox="[196,1388,1314,1880]" targetPageId="38">
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0121D52FF6CAE80FD1590DF" blockId="38.[189,1399,1928,2025]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0121D52FF6CAE80FEBA9094" bold="true" box="[189,285,1928,1954]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 26.</emphasis>
BMNH R.892, referred to 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0121D52FDBEAE81FC569094" authority="Gray, 1869" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1869" box="[623,1009,1928,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Damonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamiltonii">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0121D52FDBEAE81FCC79094" box="[623,864,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Damonia hamiltonii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0121D52FCBAAE81FC569094" author="Gray J. E." box="[875,1009,1928,1955]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="165 - 225" refId="ref23961" refString="Gray J. E. 1869. Notes on the families and genera of tortoises (Testudinata), and on the characters afforded by the study of their skulls. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869: 165 - 225. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1869. tb 07312. x" type="journal article" year="1869">Gray, 1869</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0121D52FBF4AE80FB529094" author="Lydekker R." box="[1061,1269,1928,1954]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref24792" refString="Lydekker R. 1889 b. Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History). Part III. Chelonia. Order of the Trustees, London." type="book" year="1889">Lydekker (1889b</bibRefCitation>
, under the number BMNH R.829), here identified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0121D52FD71AEA4FB9B90F0" authority="(Gray, 1830)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[672,1084,1964,1990]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Geoclemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hamiltonii">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0121D52FD71AEA4FC3890F0" box="[672,927,1964,1990]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Geoclemys hamiltonii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0121D52FC7DAEA4FB9590F0" author="Gray J. E." box="[940,1074,1964,1990]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref23595" refString="Gray J. E. 1830. A synopsis of the species of class Reptilia. In: Griffith E. &amp; Pidgeon E. (eds) The Class Reptilia Arranged by the Baron Cuvier, with Specific Descriptions. In: Griffith E. (ed.) The Animal Kingdom Arranged in Conformity with its Organization by the Baron Cuvier, with Additional Descriptions of all the Species Hitherto Named, and of Many not Before noticed. Vol. 9. Reptilia. Whittaker, Treacher and Co, London." type="book" year="1830">Gray, 1830</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0121D52FB95AEA3FBFE90F3" bold="true" box="[1092,1113,1963,1989]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">A</emphasis>
. Photograph of plastron. 
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0121D52FF6CAEC7FF7690DF" bold="true" box="[189,209,1999,2025]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B</emphasis>
. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3742D96C0131D53FF6CA89CFC6295B9" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0131D53FF6CA89CFEE39698" blockId="39.[189,324,404,430]" box="[189,324,404,430]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<heading id="D099C971C0131D53FF6CA89CFEE39698" bold="true" box="[189,324,404,430]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0131D53FF6CA89CFEE39698" bold="true" box="[189,324,404,430]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD17E1DC0131D53FF6CA8CCFC6295B9" blockId="39.[189,1399,451,656]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
We here attribute these specimens to 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0131D53FDA8A8CBFCDB96EB" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[633,892,451,477]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Geoclemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hamiltonii">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0131D53FDA8A8CBFCDB96EB" box="[633,892,451,477]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Geoclemys hamiltonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on, among other characteristics, the presence of a tricarinate carapace with interrupted median and lateral keels decorated by many prominent processes, and a cervical scute that is wider posteriorly. This confirms the synonymy of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0131D53FADAAB02FEEF957E" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1885" class="Reptilia" family="Emydidae" genus="Clemmys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palaeindica">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0131D53FADAAB02FEEF957E" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Clemmys palaeindica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0131D53FE5AAB26FD8F957E" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[395,552,558,584]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Geoclemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hamiltonii">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0131D53FE5AAB26FD8F957E" box="[395,552,558,584]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">G. hamiltonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as initially suggested by both 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0131D53FC45AB26FBC3957E" author="Boulenger G. A." box="[916,1124,558,584]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref22539" refString="Boulenger G. A. 1889. Catalogue of the Chelonians, Rhynchocephalians, and Crocodiles in the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London." type="book" year="1889">Boulenger (1889)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0131D53FB4FAB26FAD5957E" author="Lydekker R." box="[1182,1394,558,584]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="56 - 59" refId="ref24763" refString="Lydekker R. 1889 a. Notes on Siwalik and Narbada Chelonia. Records of the Geological Survey of India 22 (1): 56 - 59." type="journal article" year="1889">Lydekker (1889a)</bibRefCitation>
, and of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0131D53FEC0AB59FDAA955D" authorityName="Badam" authorityYear="1979" box="[273,525,593,619]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Geoclemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sivalensis">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0131D53FEC0AB59FDAA955D" box="[273,525,593,619]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Geoclemys sivalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E059EC0131D53FD83AB5AFD56955D" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[594,753,593,620]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Geoclemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hamiltonii">
<emphasis id="B91AA20FC0131D53FD83AB5AFD56955D" box="[594,753,593,620]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">G. hamiltonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as first recognized by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF03ECC0131D53FBD6AB5AFB28955A" author="Das I." box="[1031,1167,594,620]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="104 - 107" refId="ref22771" refString="Das I. 1991. The taxonomic status of the Pleistocene turtle Geoclemys sivalensis. Journal of Herpetology 25 (1): 104 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1564804" type="journal article" year="1991">Das (1991)</bibRefCitation>
. These synonymies have been further supported by TEWG (2015) and TTWG (2017).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>