451 lines
56 KiB
XML
451 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="17170D2E0906ECFED05F94A6B298132C" ID-CLB-Dataset="8562" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a20" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ad4dbfb6-14ce-48e2-8fe9-99fa26a9bcf4" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4447563" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8FF2A078-CE45-4BF1-A681-00136F57375E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1610989940068" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Ivanov, Martin, Čerňanský, Andrej, Bonilla-Salomón, Isaac & Luján, Àngel Hernández" docDate="2020" docId="03C587C7431CFFF8FC13F92F4990F95E" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.42.20.343-376.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 42 (20)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Viperinae Oppel 1811" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="369" masterDocId="FFFCFFBF4304FFE4FFBCFF9C484CFFD2" masterDocTitle="Early Miocene squamate assemblage from the Mokrá-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) and its palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications" masterLastPageNumber="376" masterPageNumber="343" pageNumber="365" updateTime="1698925529958" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
|
||
<mods:mods id="D76EBEBE1CF30231BD7D89C4C2B32CBB" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="0C393540CCA4908ECF41EB14B679E98B">
|
||
<mods:title id="37AF75DA916069ABBAF47F589F2DA8AC">Early Miocene squamate assemblage from the Mokrá-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) and its palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="8281232D86EFDF9C57E8FB74B912A481" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="E0F80D0BDF45E1C71BADA1A85FE29F74">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="B25A957D17B6D22C3FE46EAED3FDF9E3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="B21BACD9BB431FC417E0B0AF7B743500">Ivanov, Martin</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="B9A1DCF696EAF2BBF776BE25B77FEA8F" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="20B219B446063FA30FB165083C068DBA">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="81C2D35FE62366E9D14594F7143DDD6F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="46BB15AF92DA1E1EB7FDB9342495CCED">Čerňanský, Andrej</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="AA08546A038BC0F0DD8031940771CB86" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="C6DFE4DE461D4FD9551C5BCE975DC0B4">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="EB2809C91B0E52D91D82A8C256C5C602">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="9C77E55AE87B8EDA68984B9E2A5CA46F">Bonilla-Salomón, Isaac</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="A8F79B6192EAFC7514D92B0388BA5F4B" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="2C3D6BE3CC06B74976D3DE8D56DFA2B3">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="A75A949E908CAD1DFCCDAD5B26A0C020">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="2AB55630A01DAC6EC9A5B481712BFFC7">Luján, Àngel Hernández</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="176B8FF5B2BF12341F5A967FB52B71AC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="2D4E03D6112ABEF554F1571F153615A2" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="71C97980FE3C2B701E955166309225AC">
|
||
<mods:title id="FB29A6DF11326D7A2225876B75748A6B">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="D327F9C3397BBDE02D90E63F194A058F">
|
||
<mods:date id="F2A71D00A63B9851E7B77A4D38B86A7E">2020</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="D00C599334E7DEBD7FADFAC65E50519D" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="189BC2715B81819AB1918504D4300EF7">2020-08-28</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="F4C07026BC600EFF7362DB07B20D5927" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="A639EF6AB28A3294BF73FA6B8E64F9C1">42</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="66756C3E2F12A0B03D786B7A16C114AF" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="2AB3114930FF1F36FE473A35985F1023">20</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="5AA28981FAA05F0619BB258AAF95EB24" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="95959056E866210BC16B32FEE9D8DCDA">343</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="599102EF76A0B24546177F8023306B13">376</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="BEC3F32C94A92254A0F0D848CD7DC2AF">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="811FD37EDD72B8604D3660CE1CE900E6" type="CLB-Dataset">8562</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="413DF0C8AE72126CA1C74D5B4A4D4899" type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a20</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="3CB615DB5F640B60658A83BDB98AF323" type="GBIF-Dataset">ad4dbfb6-14ce-48e2-8fe9-99fa26a9bcf4</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="BD8E623D0E5FFC6E0CECC607D700E85A" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="2776144F8D2F2E8BE9C9E589ECAA2DB0" type="Zenodo-Dep">4447563</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D8ED4506FE0259259A7A5E4D049108A8" type="ZooBank">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8FF2A078-CE45-4BF1-A681-00136F57375E</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03C587C7431CFFF8FC13F92F4990F95E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4447734" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177200721" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4447734" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C587C7431CFFF8FC13F92F4990F95E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587C7431CFFF8FC13F92F4990F95E" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="369" pageId="24" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C376655A431CFFFCFC13F92F4D61F91F" box="[943,1325,1714,1741]" pageId="24" pageNumber="365" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336D1431CFFFCFC13F92F4D61F91F" blockId="24.[943,1325,1714,1741]" box="[943,1325,1714,1741]" pageId="24" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<heading id="D09B81BD431CFFFCFC13F92F4D61F91F" box="[943,1325,1714,1741]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="365" reason="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D52431CFFFCFC13F92F4C53F919" authorityName="Oppel" authorityYear="1811" box="[943,1055,1715,1741]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">VIPERINAE</taxonomicName>
|
||
(‘
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A8F833431CFFFCFB8DF92E4CDCF91E" box="[1073,1168,1714,1740]" country="Morocco" name="Oriental" pageId="24" pageNumber="365">Oriental</collectingRegion>
|
||
vipers’ group)
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C376655A431CFFFCFC5BF94E4CB9F93E" box="[999,1269,1746,1773]" pageId="24" pageNumber="365" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336D1431CFFFCFC5BF94E4CB9F93E" blockId="24.[999,1269,1746,1773]" box="[999,1269,1746,1773]" pageId="24" pageNumber="365">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A54431CFFFCFC4CF94E4C71F93E" box="[1008,1085,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[132,143,1678,1696]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-94@26.[698,1267,784,1356]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 14. — Viperinae (‘Oriental vipers’ group) from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ.Left maxilla Pal. 1501 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in rostral (A) and caudal (B) views. Fang Pal. 1502 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in anterolateral (C) view. Anterior trunk vertebra Pal. 1503 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (D), dorsal (E), ventral (F) and cranial (G) views. Trunk vertebra Pal. 1504 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (H) and cranial (I) views. Vertebra from the middle part of the trunk section Pal. 1505 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (J), dorsal (K), ventral (L), cranial (M) and caudal (N) views. Abbreviations: can.den, dental canal; cd, condyle; ct, cotyle; fac. ecpt, facet for contact with ectopterygoid; hy, hypapophysis; ir, interzygapophyseal ridge; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pctf, paracotylar foramen; pd, paradiapophysis; po, postzygapophysis; pof, postzygapophyseal articular facet; pp, parapophyseal process; pr, prezygapophysis; pr.asc, ascending process; prf, prezygapophyseal articular facet; r, ridge; scf, subcentral foramen; scg, subcentral groove; scr, subcentral ridge; sctc, subcotylar canal; zy, zygosphene; zyg, zygantrum. Scale bars: A-C, 2 mm; D-N, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4447593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4447593/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="365">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
A-N;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A54431CFFFCFBC7F94E4C84F93F" box="[1147,1224,1746,1773]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[132,143,1337,1355]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1295]" captionTargetId="figure-304@27.[698,1267,754,1296]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG. 15. — Viperinae (‘Oriental vipers’ group) from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ. Middle trunk vertebra Pal. 1994 (2/2003 Reptile Joint) in right lateral (A), dorsal (B), ventral (C), cranial (D) and caudal (E) views. Posterior trunk vertebra Pal. 1506 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) with an indication of bifurcation in the distal tip of the hypapophysis in left lateral (F), dorsal (G), ventral (H), cranial (I) and caudal (J) views. Abbreviations: cd, condyle; ct, cotyle; d, diapophysis; hy, hypapophysis; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; pctf, paracotylar foramen; pof, postzygapophyseal articular facet; pp, parapophyseal process; pr, prezygapophysis; prf, prezygapophyseal articular facet; prp, prezygapophyseal process; scf, subcentral foramen; scr, subcentral ridge; sctt, subcotylar tubercle; zy, zygosphene; zyg, zygantrum. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4447597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4447597/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="365">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
A-J)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C376655A431CFFFCFC91F8884DE3F8B1" pageId="24" pageNumber="365" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336D1431CFFFCFC91F8884D35F8F9" blockId="24.[813,1401,1811,1835]" box="[813,1401,1811,1835]" pageId="24" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7C11FF431CFFFCFC91F8884D35F8F9" box="[813,1401,1811,1835]" pageId="24" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D52431CFFFCFC91F8884B27F8F9" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[813,875,1812,1835]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Vipera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sp. 1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431CFFFCFC91F8884B27F8F9" box="[813,875,1812,1835]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="365">Vipera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 1 (‘
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A8F833431CFFFCFC0CF88F4C4AF8F9" box="[944,1030,1811,1835]" country="Morocco" name="Oriental" pageId="24" pageNumber="365">Oriental</collectingRegion>
|
||
vipers’) –
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACD10C0431CFFFCFBD7F8884D39F8F9" author="IVANOV M. & MUSIL R." box="[1131,1397,1811,1835]" page="230" pageId="24" pageNumber="365" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B20431CFFFCFBD7F8884D39F8F9" author="IVANOV M. & MUSIL R." box="[1131,1397,1811,1835]" pageId="24" pageNumber="365" pagination="223 - 236" refId="ref24802" refString="IVANOV M. & MUSIL R. 2004. - Preliminary results of investigation of Neogene vertebrates from the Mokra-Quarry site. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae geologicae 89: 223 - 236 (in Czech)." type="journal article" year="2004">Ivanov & Musil 2004: 230</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336D1431CFFFCFC91F8D04DE3F8B1" blockId="24.[813,1455,1867,1891]" box="[813,1455,1867,1891]" pageId="24" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7C11FF431CFFFCFC91F8D04DE3F8B1" box="[813,1455,1867,1891]" pageId="24" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D52431CFFFCFC91F8D04B26F8B1" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[813,874,1868,1891]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Vipera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="24" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431CFFFCFC91F8D04B26F8B1" box="[813,874,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="365">Vipera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (‘
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A8F833431CFFFCFC2BF8D74BA0F8B1" box="[919,1004,1867,1891]" country="Morocco" name="Oriental" pageId="24" pageNumber="365">Oriental</collectingRegion>
|
||
vipers’ group) –
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACD10C0431CFFFCFB3AF8D04D2DF8B1" author="IVANOV M. & MUSIL R. & BRZOBOHATY R." box="[1158,1377,1867,1891]" page="229" pageId="24" pageNumber="365" year="2006">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B20431CFFFCFB3AF8D04D2DF8B1" author="IVANOV M. & MUSIL R. & BRZOBOHATY R." box="[1158,1377,1867,1891]" pageId="24" pageNumber="365" pagination="223 - 239" refId="ref24955" refString="IVANOV M., MUSIL R. & BRZOBOHATY R. 2006. - Terrestrial and Marine Faunas from the Miocene Deposits of the Mokra Plateau (Drahany Upland, Czech Republic) - Impact on Palaeogeography. Beitrage zur Palaontologie 30: 223 - 239." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Ivanov
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431CFFFCFB71F8D04CB5F8B1" box="[1229,1273,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="365">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006: 229
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, table 2.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C376655A431CFFFCFC91F8184CDBF839" pageId="24" pageNumber="365" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336D1431CFFFCFC91F8184CDBF839" blockId="24.[811,1456,1923,2027]" pageId="24" pageNumber="365">
|
||
MATERIAL. —
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B043C8C431CFFFCFC0BF81F4CDBF839" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027945318" pageId="24" pageNumber="365">
|
||
MWQ, early Miocene, Burdigalian, Orleanian,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE14431CFFFCFAD3F8184DD5F849" box="[1391,1433,1924,1947]" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="24" pageNumber="365">MN</collectionCode>
|
||
4: 1/2001 Turtle Joint: one left maxilla (Pal. 1501), isolated fang (Pal. 1502), 30 trunk vertebrae (Pal. 1503-1532). 2/2003 Reptile Joint: 28 trunk vertebrae (Pal. 1994-2021).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF136659431DFFFDFF38FADA4DEEFA4E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4447591" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4447591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4447591/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="366" startId="25.[132,143,1350,1368]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1307]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336D1431DFFFDFF38FADA4DEEFA4E" blockId="25.[132,1457,1350,1436]" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">
|
||
FIG. 13. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D52431DFFFDFF63FADA495FFA8A" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[223,275,1350,1368]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Vipera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="366" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431DFFFDFF63FADA495FFA8A" box="[223,275,1350,1368]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">Vipera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (‘European vipers’ group) from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ. Trunk vertebra Pal. 2022 (2/2003 Reptile Joint) in right lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431DFFFDFADCFADA4D21FA8A" bold="true" box="[1376,1389,1350,1368]" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">A</emphasis>
|
||
), dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431DFFFDFF35FAC148DAFABD" bold="true" box="[137,150,1373,1391]" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">B</emphasis>
|
||
), ventral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431DFFFDFF54FAC048BAFABC" bold="true" box="[232,246,1372,1390]" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">C</emphasis>
|
||
) and cranial (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431DFFFDFEDBFAC14939FABD" bold="true" box="[359,373,1373,1391]" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">D</emphasis>
|
||
) views. Trunk vertebra Pal. 2023 (2/2003 Reptile Joint) in left lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431DFFFDFC0DFAC14BF1FABD" bold="true" box="[945,957,1373,1391]" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">E</emphasis>
|
||
), dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431DFFFDFBB7FAC14C5AFABD" bold="true" box="[1035,1046,1373,1391]" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">F</emphasis>
|
||
), cranial (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431DFFFDFBDAFAC04C38FABC" bold="true" box="[1126,1140,1372,1390]" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">G</emphasis>
|
||
) and caudal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431DFFFDFB5AFAC14CB8FABD" bold="true" box="[1254,1268,1373,1391]" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">H</emphasis>
|
||
) views. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431DFFFDFF38FAEF48D6FA57" bold="true" box="[132,154,1395,1413]" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">cd</emphasis>
|
||
, condyle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431DFFFDFF4FFAEF4948FA57" bold="true" box="[243,260,1395,1413]" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">ct</emphasis>
|
||
, cotyle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431DFFFDFEF1FAEF492EFA57" bold="true" box="[333,354,1395,1413]" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">hy</emphasis>
|
||
, hypapophysis;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431DFFFDFE50FAEF4A4EFA57" bold="true" box="[492,514,1395,1413]" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">nc</emphasis>
|
||
, neural canal;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431DFFFDFDC3FAEF4AD8FA57" bold="true" box="[639,660,1395,1413]" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">ns</emphasis>
|
||
, neural spine;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431DFFFDFCADFAEF4B78FA57" bold="true" box="[785,820,1395,1413]" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">pctf</emphasis>
|
||
, paracotylar foramen;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431DFFFDFC4FFAEF4C5CFA57" bold="true" box="[1011,1040,1395,1413]" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">pof</emphasis>
|
||
, postzygapophyseal articular facet;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431DFFFDFAFEFAEF4D17FA57" bold="true" box="[1346,1371,1395,1413]" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">prf</emphasis>
|
||
, prezygapophyseal articular facet;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431DFFFDFEE0FA164936FA4E" bold="true" box="[348,378,1418,1436]" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">prp</emphasis>
|
||
, prezygapophyseal process;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431DFFFDFDD2FA164AC2FA4E" bold="true" box="[622,654,1418,1436]" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">scg</emphasis>
|
||
, subcentral groove;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431DFFFDFC85FA164B19FA4E" bold="true" box="[825,853,1418,1436]" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">scr</emphasis>
|
||
, subcentral ridge;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431DFFFDFC4DFA164C48FA4E" bold="true" box="[1009,1028,1418,1436]" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">zy</emphasis>
|
||
, zygosphene;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431DFFFDFBC2FA164CD1FA4E" bold="true" box="[1150,1181,1418,1436]" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">zyg</emphasis>
|
||
, zygantrum. Scale bars: 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C376655A431DFFFFFF38FA6F4CA6F83E" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="368" pageId="25" pageNumber="366" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336D1431DFFFDFF38FA6F4959F9D9" blockId="25.[131,776,1523,2028]" box="[132,277,1523,1549]" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336D1431DFFFDFF38F98E489AF9FE" blockId="25.[131,776,1523,2028]" box="[132,214,1554,1580]" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431DFFFDFF38F98E489AF9FE" box="[132,214,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">Maxilla</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336D1431DFFFDFF38F9AE4C97F9FE" blockId="25.[131,776,1523,2028]" lastBlockId="25.[812,1454,1523,1581]" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">
|
||
Only a left maxilla is preserved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A54431DFFFDFE42F9AE4ACBF99F" box="[510,647,1586,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[132,143,1678,1696]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-94@26.[698,1267,784,1356]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 14. — Viperinae (‘Oriental vipers’ group) from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ.Left maxilla Pal. 1501 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in rostral (A) and caudal (B) views. Fang Pal. 1502 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in anterolateral (C) view. Anterior trunk vertebra Pal. 1503 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (D), dorsal (E), ventral (F) and cranial (G) views. Trunk vertebra Pal. 1504 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (H) and cranial (I) views. Vertebra from the middle part of the trunk section Pal. 1505 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (J), dorsal (K), ventral (L), cranial (M) and caudal (N) views. Abbreviations: can.den, dental canal; cd, condyle; ct, cotyle; fac. ecpt, facet for contact with ectopterygoid; hy, hypapophysis; ir, interzygapophyseal ridge; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pctf, paracotylar foramen; pd, paradiapophysis; po, postzygapophysis; pof, postzygapophyseal articular facet; pp, parapophyseal process; pr, prezygapophysis; pr.asc, ascending process; prf, prezygapophyseal articular facet; r, ridge; scf, subcentral foramen; scg, subcentral groove; scr, subcentral ridge; sctc, subcotylar canal; zy, zygosphene; zyg, zygantrum. Scale bars: A-C, 2 mm; D-N, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4447593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4447593/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">Fig. 14A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). In rostral view, the body of the bone is high, especially along its medial margin. The ascending process is long, and it is inclined medially. A small process for the prefrontal connection occurs medially at its distal termination. A ridge extends from the base of the ascending process as far as its distal termination. A large, slightly oval, foramen occurs opposite to the medially directed maxillary-prefrontal process. In caudal view, a wide groove for connection with the ectopterygoid occurs above the base of the fangs. This groove is deep, and it is restricted dorsally by a transverse ridge. This ridge extends from the medial margin of the bone (where it forms two small processes) as far as the middle of the ascending process width. In medial view an oval foramen occurs within the deep, wide orifice. This orifice is restricted dorsally by a ridge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSection id="E2E32F3A431DFFFDFC91F9CF4D78F8FE" pageId="25" pageNumber="366" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336D1431DFFFDFC91F9CF4BDEF9BE" blockId="25.[813,914,1619,1644]" box="[813,914,1619,1644]" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<heading id="D09B81BD431DFFFDFC91F9CF4BDEF9BE" box="[813,914,1619,1644]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="366" reason="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431DFFFDFC91F9CF4BDEF9BE" box="[813,914,1619,1644]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">Dentition</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336D1431DFFFDFC91F9EE4D78F8FE" blockId="25.[811,1455,1650,1836]" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">
|
||
A single fang of about
|
||
<quantity id="4C949B34431DFFFDFB99F9EE4C10F95F" box="[1061,1116,1650,1677]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="366" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
length is preserved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A54431DFFFDFA83F9EE4DEEF95E" box="[1343,1442,1650,1676]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[132,143,1678,1696]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-94@26.[698,1267,784,1356]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 14. — Viperinae (‘Oriental vipers’ group) from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ.Left maxilla Pal. 1501 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in rostral (A) and caudal (B) views. Fang Pal. 1502 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in anterolateral (C) view. Anterior trunk vertebra Pal. 1503 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (D), dorsal (E), ventral (F) and cranial (G) views. Trunk vertebra Pal. 1504 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (H) and cranial (I) views. Vertebra from the middle part of the trunk section Pal. 1505 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (J), dorsal (K), ventral (L), cranial (M) and caudal (N) views. Abbreviations: can.den, dental canal; cd, condyle; ct, cotyle; fac. ecpt, facet for contact with ectopterygoid; hy, hypapophysis; ir, interzygapophyseal ridge; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pctf, paracotylar foramen; pd, paradiapophysis; po, postzygapophysis; pof, postzygapophyseal articular facet; pp, parapophyseal process; pr, prezygapophysis; pr.asc, ascending process; prf, prezygapophyseal articular facet; r, ridge; scf, subcentral foramen; scg, subcentral groove; scr, subcentral ridge; sctc, subcotylar canal; zy, zygosphene; zyg, zygantrum. Scale bars: A-C, 2 mm; D-N, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4447593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4447593/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">Fig. 14C</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is long and slender, and is curved slightly caudally. A canal extends within the tooth and has a strongly elongated/slit-like orifice situated mesially, close to the pointed tip of the fang. The slightly widened basal portion of the fang is damaged and does not preserve the orifice of the venom canal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="E2E32F3A431DFFFFFC91F8CD4CA6F83E" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="368" pageId="25" pageNumber="366" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336D1431DFFFDFC91F8CD4B9EF8B9" blockId="25.[813,978,1873,1899]" box="[813,978,1873,1899]" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<heading id="D09B81BD431DFFFDFC91F8CD4B9EF8B9" box="[813,978,1873,1899]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="366" reason="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431DFFFDFC91F8CD4B9EF8B9" box="[813,978,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">Trunk vertebrae</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336D1431DFFFDFC91F8EE4DFCF839" blockId="25.[813,1456,1905,2028]" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">
|
||
Numerous fragmentary trunk vertebrae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A54431DFFFDFAA6F8ED4D23F859" box="[1306,1391,1905,1931]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[132,143,1678,1696]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-94@26.[698,1267,784,1356]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 14. — Viperinae (‘Oriental vipers’ group) from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ.Left maxilla Pal. 1501 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in rostral (A) and caudal (B) views. Fang Pal. 1502 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in anterolateral (C) view. Anterior trunk vertebra Pal. 1503 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (D), dorsal (E), ventral (F) and cranial (G) views. Trunk vertebra Pal. 1504 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (H) and cranial (I) views. Vertebra from the middle part of the trunk section Pal. 1505 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (J), dorsal (K), ventral (L), cranial (M) and caudal (N) views. Abbreviations: can.den, dental canal; cd, condyle; ct, cotyle; fac. ecpt, facet for contact with ectopterygoid; hy, hypapophysis; ir, interzygapophyseal ridge; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pctf, paracotylar foramen; pd, paradiapophysis; po, postzygapophysis; pof, postzygapophyseal articular facet; pp, parapophyseal process; pr, prezygapophysis; pr.asc, ascending process; prf, prezygapophyseal articular facet; r, ridge; scf, subcentral foramen; scg, subcentral groove; scr, subcentral ridge; sctc, subcotylar canal; zy, zygosphene; zyg, zygantrum. Scale bars: A-C, 2 mm; D-N, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4447593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4447593/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
D-N;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13572A54431DFFFDFC91F80D4B30F87E" box="[813,892,1937,1964]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[132,143,1337,1355]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1295]" captionTargetId="figure-304@27.[698,1267,754,1296]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG. 15. — Viperinae (‘Oriental vipers’ group) from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ. Middle trunk vertebra Pal. 1994 (2/2003 Reptile Joint) in right lateral (A), dorsal (B), ventral (C), cranial (D) and caudal (E) views. Posterior trunk vertebra Pal. 1506 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) with an indication of bifurcation in the distal tip of the hypapophysis in left lateral (F), dorsal (G), ventral (H), cranial (I) and caudal (J) views. Abbreviations: cd, condyle; ct, cotyle; d, diapophysis; hy, hypapophysis; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; pctf, paracotylar foramen; pof, postzygapophyseal articular facet; pp, parapophyseal process; pr, prezygapophysis; prf, prezygapophyseal articular facet; prp, prezygapophyseal process; scf, subcentral foramen; scr, subcentral ridge; sctt, subcotylar tubercle; zy, zygosphene; zyg, zygantrum. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4447597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4447597/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="366">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
A-J) are preserved, mostly with broken-off neural spines and hypapophyses. In lateral view, the neural spine was about as high as long in anterior precaudal vertebrae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF136659431EFFFEFF38F9124A8BF8ED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4447593" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4447593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4447593/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="367" startId="26.[132,143,1678,1696]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1640]" targetPageId="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336D1431EFFFEFF38F9124A8BF8ED" blockId="26.[132,1457,1678,1855]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">
|
||
FIG. 14. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D52431EFFFEFF61F9124966F972" authorityName="Oppel" authorityYear="1811" box="[221,298,1678,1696]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="26" pageNumber="367" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Viperinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(‘Oriental vipers’ group) from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ.Left maxilla Pal. 1501 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in rostral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFB56F9124CBBF972" bold="true" box="[1258,1271,1678,1696]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">A</emphasis>
|
||
) and caudal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFAD9F9124D3EF972" bold="true" box="[1381,1394,1678,1696]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">B</emphasis>
|
||
) views. Fang Pal. 1502 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in anterolateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFD86F9384A04F964" bold="true" box="[570,584,1700,1718]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">C</emphasis>
|
||
) view. Anterior trunk vertebra Pal. 1503 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFB7CF9394C82F965" bold="true" box="[1216,1230,1701,1719]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">D</emphasis>
|
||
), dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFAA0F9394D64F965" bold="true" box="[1308,1320,1701,1719]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">E</emphasis>
|
||
), ventral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFAC6F9394DC9F965" bold="true" box="[1402,1413,1701,1719]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">F</emphasis>
|
||
) and cranial (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFF79F927489FF91F" bold="true" box="[197,211,1723,1741]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">G</emphasis>
|
||
) views. Trunk vertebra Pal. 1504 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFCB8F9274B5EF91F" bold="true" box="[772,786,1723,1741]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">H</emphasis>
|
||
) and cranial (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFCC3F9274BC9F91F" bold="true" box="[895,901,1723,1741]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">I</emphasis>
|
||
) views. Vertebra from the middle part of the trunk section Pal. 1505 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFE15F94E49FFF936" bold="true" box="[425,435,1746,1764]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">J</emphasis>
|
||
), dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFDBCF94E4A41F936" bold="true" box="[512,525,1746,1764]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">K</emphasis>
|
||
), ventral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFDE3F94E4A26F936" bold="true" box="[607,618,1746,1764]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">L</emphasis>
|
||
), cranial (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFD06F94E4A87F936" bold="true" box="[698,715,1746,1764]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">M</emphasis>
|
||
) and caudal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFC87F94E4B05F936" bold="true" box="[827,841,1746,1764]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">N</emphasis>
|
||
) views. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFBB5F94E4C1CF936" bold="true" box="[1033,1104,1746,1764]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">can.den</emphasis>
|
||
, dental canal;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFB76F94E4CACF936" bold="true" box="[1226,1248,1746,1764]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">cd</emphasis>
|
||
, condyle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFA8AF94E4D0BF936" bold="true" box="[1334,1351,1746,1764]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">ct</emphasis>
|
||
, cotyle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFA32F94E48E7F929" bold="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">fac. ecpt</emphasis>
|
||
, facet for contact with ectopterygoid;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFE50F9754A4DF929" bold="true" box="[492,513,1769,1787]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">hy</emphasis>
|
||
, hypapophysis;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFD36F9754ADAF929" bold="true" box="[650,662,1769,1787]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">ir</emphasis>
|
||
, interzygapophyseal ridge;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFCC0F9754BDEF929" bold="true" box="[892,914,1769,1787]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">na</emphasis>
|
||
, neural arch;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFBB8F9754C56F929" bold="true" box="[1028,1050,1769,1787]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">nc</emphasis>
|
||
, neural canal;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFB28F9754CE5F929" bold="true" box="[1172,1193,1769,1787]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">ns</emphasis>
|
||
, neural spine;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFA98F9754D0BF929" bold="true" box="[1316,1351,1769,1787]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">pctf</emphasis>
|
||
, paracotylar foramen;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFF69F96348A0F8C3" bold="true" box="[213,236,1791,1809]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">pd</emphasis>
|
||
, paradiapophysis;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFE32F96349E9F8C3" bold="true" box="[398,421,1791,1809]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">po</emphasis>
|
||
, postzygapophysis;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFDE9F9634A3EF8C3" bold="true" box="[597,626,1791,1809]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">pof</emphasis>
|
||
, postzygapophyseal articular facet;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFC1BF9634BF2F8C3" bold="true" box="[935,958,1791,1809]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">pp</emphasis>
|
||
, parapophyseal process;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFB26F9634CE1F8C3" bold="true" box="[1178,1197,1791,1809]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">pr</emphasis>
|
||
, prezygapophysis;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFAEFF9634DC4F8C3" bold="true" box="[1363,1416,1791,1809]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">pr.asc</emphasis>
|
||
, ascending process;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFEA5F88A497EF8FA" bold="true" box="[281,306,1814,1832]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">prf</emphasis>
|
||
, prezygapophyseal articular facet;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFDEAF88A4A11F8FA" bold="true" box="[598,605,1814,1832]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">r</emphasis>
|
||
, ridge;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFD20F88A4AFBF8FA" bold="true" box="[668,695,1814,1832]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">scf</emphasis>
|
||
, subcentral foramen;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFCD2F88A4BC2F8FA" bold="true" box="[878,910,1814,1832]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">scg</emphasis>
|
||
, subcentral groove;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFB85F88A4C19F8FA" bold="true" box="[1081,1109,1814,1832]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">scr</emphasis>
|
||
, subcentral ridge;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFB4DF88A4D5BF8FA" bold="true" box="[1265,1303,1814,1832]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">sctc</emphasis>
|
||
, subcotylar canal;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFF38F8B148DBF8ED" bold="true" box="[132,151,1837,1855]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">zy</emphasis>
|
||
, zygosphene;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431EFFFEFEADF8B1497CF8ED" bold="true" box="[273,304,1837,1855]" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">zyg</emphasis>
|
||
, zygantrum. Scale bars: A-C, 2 mm; D-N, 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336D1431EFFFFFF38F8ED4CA6F83E" blockId="26.[132,775,1905,2027]" lastBlockId="27.[811,1457,1523,2028]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="368" pageId="26" pageNumber="367">
|
||
The most complete neural spine lacks its cranial margin, but it seems possible that it was vertical or slightly anteriorly inclined. The interzygapophyseal ridges are welldeveloped and sometimes rather sharp. Lateral foramina are large and are situated in shallow depressions. The parapophyses are well-separated from the diapophyses and the parapophyseal processes are strongly built and directed antero-ventrally. The subcentral ridges are conspicuous. The condyle is developed on a very short neck. The rarely preserved hypapophyses of anterior trunk vertebrae are long, straight, and directed posteroventrally. The pointed distal termination of the hypapophysis of middle and posterior trunk vertebrae is directed caudally. The hypapophysis of the posteriormost trunk vertebrae have indication of bifurcation on its distal tip. In dorsal view, the vertebrae are markedly short and wide. The cranial margin of the zygosphenal lip is concave, straight, or with a small medial lobe. The medial lobe is better developed in posterior trunk vertebrae. The prezygapophyseal articular facets are widely oval to subtriangular (although partial damage cannot be excluded). The prezygapophyseal processes are broken-off close to their bases. Epizygapophyseal spines are absent. In ventral view, the subcentral grooves are shallow, and the large subcentral foramina are situated on both sides of the base of the wide hypapophysis. The ventromedial margin of parapophyseal processes is always medially enlarged and it is usually fused with the ventrolateral extensions of the cotylar rim (subcotylar tubercles). The blood vessels of the circulatory system passed through the canals on both sides of the hypapophyseal base. The postzygapophyseal articular facets have an irregularly triangular outline. In cranial view, the neural arch is strongly flattened dorsoventrally. The cranial margin of the zygosphene is straight. The prezygapophyses are tilted up dorsally. The paracotylar foramina are situated on both sides of the rounded cotyle. The subcotylar tubercles are usually fused with bases of parapophyseal processes. The vertebral dimensions of the largest vertebrae from 1/2001 Turtle Joint are as follows (n = 7): cl: or =
|
||
<quantity id="4C949B34431FFFFFFC02F82D4C28F81E" box="[958,1124,1969,1996]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.37" metricValueMax="7.76" metricValueMin="6.98" pageId="27" pageNumber="368" unit="mm" value="7.37" valueMax="7.76" valueMin="6.98">6.98-7.76 mm</quantity>
|
||
; naw: or =
|
||
<quantity id="4C949B34431FFFFFFB5CF82D4DCAF81E" box="[1248,1414,1969,1996]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.67" metricValueMax="7.03" metricValueMin="6.31" pageId="27" pageNumber="368" unit="mm" value="6.67" valueMax="7.03" valueMin="6.31">6.31-7.03 mm</quantity>
|
||
; cl/ naw: or = 1.02-1.15, mean 1.09 ± 0.05.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF136659431FFFFFFF38FAA549E4FA6E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4447597" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4447597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4447597/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="368" startId="27.[132,143,1337,1355]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1295]" targetPageId="27">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336D1431FFFFFFF38FAA549E4FA6E" blockId="27.[132,1457,1337,1468]" pageId="27" pageNumber="368">
|
||
FIG. 15. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D52431FFFFFFF5CFAA54961FA99" authorityName="Oppel" authorityYear="1811" box="[224,301,1337,1355]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="27" pageNumber="368" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Viperinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(‘Oriental vipers’ group) from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ. Middle trunk vertebra Pal. 1994 (2/2003 Reptile Joint) in right lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431FFFFFFA24FAA54DE9FA99" bold="true" box="[1432,1445,1337,1355]" pageId="27" pageNumber="368">A</emphasis>
|
||
), dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431FFFFFFF7FFACC489CFAB0" bold="true" box="[195,208,1360,1378]" pageId="27" pageNumber="368">B</emphasis>
|
||
), ventral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431FFFFFFE9FFACC497DFAB0" bold="true" box="[291,305,1360,1378]" pageId="27" pageNumber="368">C</emphasis>
|
||
), cranial (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431FFFFFFE3FFACC49DDFAB0" bold="true" box="[387,401,1360,1378]" pageId="27" pageNumber="368">D</emphasis>
|
||
) and caudal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431FFFFFFDB8FACC4A5CFAB0" bold="true" box="[516,528,1360,1378]" pageId="27" pageNumber="368">E</emphasis>
|
||
) views. Posterior trunk vertebra Pal. 1506 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) with an indication of bifurcation in the distal tip of the hypapophysis in left lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431FFFFFFE18FAFA49E3FAAA" bold="true" box="[420,431,1382,1400]" pageId="27" pageNumber="368">F</emphasis>
|
||
), dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431FFFFFFE40FAFA4A46FAAA" bold="true" box="[508,522,1382,1400]" pageId="27" pageNumber="368">G</emphasis>
|
||
), ventral (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431FFFFFFDE1FAFA4A27FAAA" bold="true" box="[605,619,1382,1400]" pageId="27" pageNumber="368">H</emphasis>
|
||
), cranial (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431FFFFFFD07FAFA4A8DFAAA" bold="true" box="[699,705,1382,1400]" pageId="27" pageNumber="368">I</emphasis>
|
||
) and caudal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431FFFFFFC8EFAFA4B70FAAA" bold="true" box="[818,828,1382,1400]" pageId="27" pageNumber="368">J</emphasis>
|
||
) views. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431FFFFFFC42FAFA4C58FAAA" bold="true" box="[1022,1044,1382,1400]" pageId="27" pageNumber="368">cd</emphasis>
|
||
, condyle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431FFFFFFBD7FAFA4C30FAAA" bold="true" box="[1131,1148,1382,1400]" pageId="27" pageNumber="368">ct</emphasis>
|
||
, cotyle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431FFFFFFB78FAFA4C83FAAA" bold="true" box="[1220,1231,1382,1400]" pageId="27" pageNumber="368">d</emphasis>
|
||
, diapophysis;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431FFFFFFAF6FAFA4D13FAAA" bold="true" box="[1354,1375,1382,1400]" pageId="27" pageNumber="368">hy</emphasis>
|
||
, hypapophysis;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431FFFFFFF79FAE14897FA5D" bold="true" box="[197,219,1405,1423]" pageId="27" pageNumber="368">na</emphasis>
|
||
, neural arch;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431FFFFFFEF2FAE14928FA5D" bold="true" box="[334,356,1405,1423]" pageId="27" pageNumber="368">nc</emphasis>
|
||
, neural canal;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431FFFFFFE5CFAE14A4FFA5D" bold="true" box="[480,515,1405,1423]" pageId="27" pageNumber="368">pctf</emphasis>
|
||
, paracotylar foramen;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431FFFFFFD7DFAE14A92FA5D" bold="true" box="[705,734,1405,1423]" pageId="27" pageNumber="368">pof</emphasis>
|
||
, postzygapophyseal articular facet;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431FFFFFFBB2FAE14C69FA5D" bold="true" box="[1038,1061,1405,1423]" pageId="27" pageNumber="368">pp</emphasis>
|
||
, parapophyseal process;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431FFFFFFB43FAE14D5EFA5D" bold="true" box="[1279,1298,1405,1423]" pageId="27" pageNumber="368">pr</emphasis>
|
||
, prezygapophysis;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431FFFFFFF38FA0848D1FA74" bold="true" box="[132,157,1428,1446]" pageId="27" pageNumber="368">prf</emphasis>
|
||
, prezygapophyseal articular facet;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431FFFFFFE02FA084990FA74" bold="true" box="[446,476,1428,1446]" pageId="27" pageNumber="368">prp</emphasis>
|
||
, prezygapophyseal process;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431FFFFFFD73FA084AA6FA74" bold="true" box="[719,746,1428,1446]" pageId="27" pageNumber="368">scf</emphasis>
|
||
, subcentral foramen;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431FFFFFFC22FA084BF6FA74" bold="true" box="[926,954,1428,1446]" pageId="27" pageNumber="368">scr</emphasis>
|
||
, subcentral ridge;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431FFFFFFBE8FA084C3AFA74" bold="true" box="[1108,1142,1428,1446]" pageId="27" pageNumber="368">sctt</emphasis>
|
||
, subcotylar tubercle;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431FFFFFFA94FA084D77FA74" bold="true" box="[1320,1339,1428,1446]" pageId="27" pageNumber="368">zy</emphasis>
|
||
, zygosphene;
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC3431FFFFFFF38FA3648EFFA6E" bold="true" box="[132,163,1450,1468]" pageId="27" pageNumber="368">zyg</emphasis>
|
||
, zygantrum. Scale bars: 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C376655A4318FFF8FF38FF444990F95E" pageId="28" pageNumber="369" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336D14318FFF8FF38FF4448A0FF22" blockId="28.[130,783,216,1677]" box="[132,236,216,242]" pageId="28" pageNumber="369">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336D14318FFF8FF38FF6B4931FC5D" blockId="28.[130,783,216,1677]" pageId="28" pageNumber="369">
|
||
The maxilla partially resembles that of the ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34318FFF8FDF7FF6B4AE5FEC3" box="[587,681,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="369">xanthina</emphasis>
|
||
’ clade of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D524318FFF8FF3FFE84494FFEE3" authorityName="Nilson, Tuniyev, Andren, Orlov, Joger & Herrmann" authorityYear="1999" box="[131,259,280,305]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Montivipera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="369" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34318FFF8FF3FFE84494FFEE3" box="[131,259,280,305]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="369">Montivipera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the shape of the medial margin of the body of maxilla. The maxilla of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D524318FFF8FE2BFEAB4A4CFE83" authorityName="Oppel" authorityYear="1811" box="[407,512,311,337]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="369" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Viperinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(‘Oriental vipers’ group) differs from that of extinct
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D524318FFF8FE25FEC44B42FEA3" authority="(Bolkay, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Bolkay" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[409,782,343,369]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Macrovipera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="369" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gedulyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34318FFF8FE25FEC44A28FEA3" box="[409,612,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="369">Macrovipera gedulyi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B204318FFF8FDCEFECB4B49FEA3" author="BOLKAY S. J." box="[626,773,343,369]" pageId="28" pageNumber="369" pagination="217 - 230" refId="ref22674" refString="BOLKAY S. J. 1913. - Additions to the fossil herpetology of Hungary from the Pannonian and Praeglacial periode. Mitteilungen aus dem Jahrbuch der koniglichen ungarischen Geologischen Reichsanstalt 21: 217 - 230." type="journal article" year="1913">Bolkay, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(for current generic allocation see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B204318FFF8FE4DFEEB4AF4FE43" author="CORDEA V. & VENCZEL M. & URSACHI L. & RATOI B." box="[497,696,375,401]" pageId="28" pageNumber="369" pagination="401 - 411" refId="ref23460" refString="CORDEA V., VENCZEL M., URSACHI L. & RATOI B. 2017. - A large viper from the early Vallesian (MN 9) of Moldova (E-Romania) with notes on the palaeobiogeography of late Miocene ' Oriental vipers'. Geobios 50: 401 - 411. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. geobios. 2017.07.001" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Cordea
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34318FFF8FDFBFEEB4A36FE43" box="[583,634,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="369">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in the medially strongly inclined ascending process. However, the presence of a sharp ridge situated on the rostromedial margin of the process, as well as the single orifice of the dental canal being located close to the distal termination of the process typically occur in this extinct species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B204318FFF8FDACFD8A4B4CFDE2" author="SZYNDLAR Z. & RAGE J. - C." box="[528,768,534,561]" pageId="28" pageNumber="369" pagination="419 - 444" refId="ref27882" refString="SZYNDLAR Z. & RAGE J. - C. 2002. - Fossil record of the true viper, in SCHUETT G. W., HOGGREN M., DOUGLAS M. E. & GREENE H. W. (eds), Biology of the Vipers. Eagle Mountain Publishing, Eagle Mountain: 419 - 444." type="book chapter" year="2002">Szyndlar & Rage 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B204318FFF8FF38FDAA491CFD82" author="CORDEA V. & VENCZEL M. & URSACHI L. & RATOI B." box="[132,336,566,592]" pageId="28" pageNumber="369" pagination="401 - 411" refId="ref23460" refString="CORDEA V., VENCZEL M., URSACHI L. & RATOI B. 2017. - A large viper from the early Vallesian (MN 9) of Moldova (E-Romania) with notes on the palaeobiogeography of late Miocene ' Oriental vipers'. Geobios 50: 401 - 411. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. geobios. 2017.07.001" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Cordea
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34318FFF8FF67FDAB495CFD82" box="[219,272,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="369">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A study at the late Miocene (MN 13) Polgárdi site in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B76414318FFF8FE8DFDCA49DEFDA2" box="[305,402,598,624]" name="Hungary" pageId="28" pageNumber="369">Hungary</collectingCountry>
|
||
shows that maxilla morphology is highly variable in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D524318FFF8FEF0FDEB49F0FD42" baseAuthorityName="Bolkay" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[332,444,630,656]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Macrovipera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="369" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gedulyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34318FFF8FEF0FDEB49F0FD42" box="[332,444,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="369">M. gedulyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B204318FFF8FE70FDEA4B4FFD42" author="SZYNDLAR Z. & RAGE J. - C." box="[460,771,630,656]" pageId="28" pageNumber="369" pagination="419 - 444" refId="ref27882" refString="SZYNDLAR Z. & RAGE J. - C. 2002. - Fossil record of the true viper, in SCHUETT G. W., HOGGREN M., DOUGLAS M. E. & GREENE H. W. (eds), Biology of the Vipers. Eagle Mountain Publishing, Eagle Mountain: 419 - 444." type="book chapter" year="2002">Szyndlar & Rage 2002: 421</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 4). Findings of venomous fangs are rarely discussed in palaeoherpetological literature because isolated teeth do not allow identification even at the subfamily level (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B204318FFF8FD37FD4948BBFCDD" author="SZYNDLAR Z. & RAGE J. - C." pageId="28" pageNumber="369" pagination="419 - 444" refId="ref27882" refString="SZYNDLAR Z. & RAGE J. - C. 2002. - Fossil record of the true viper, in SCHUETT G. W., HOGGREN M., DOUGLAS M. E. & GREENE H. W. (eds), Biology of the Vipers. Eagle Mountain Publishing, Eagle Mountain: 419 - 444." type="book chapter" year="2002">Szyndlar & Rage 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the venom fang is typified by its large dimensions, and the maxilla as well as almost all the viperid vertebrae at MWQ belonged to ‘Oriental vipers’. Therefore, it is almost certain that the isolated venom fang belonged to a large ‘Oriental viper’.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD336D14318FFF8FF27FC094990F95E" blockId="28.[130,783,216,1677]" pageId="28" pageNumber="369">
|
||
The large massive vertebrae with a low cl/naw ratio as well as long,straight hypapophyses and strongly dorsoventrally depressed neural arches enable identification of vertebrae as belonging to ‘
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A8F8334318FFF8FF3AFC6848AEFBDC" box="[134,226,1012,1038]" country="Morocco" name="Oriental" pageId="28" pageNumber="369">Oriental</collectingRegion>
|
||
vipers’. Distinct subcotylar tubercles are not usually observed in recent ‘
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A8F8334318FFF8FEEFFB8849E3FBFC" box="[339,431,1044,1070]" country="Morocco" name="Oriental" pageId="28" pageNumber="369">Oriental</collectingRegion>
|
||
vipers’ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B204318FFF8FDB7FB884B4CFBFC" author="SZYNDLAR Z. & RAGE J. - C." box="[523,768,1044,1071]" pageId="28" pageNumber="369" pagination="9 - 20" refId="ref27849" refString="SZYNDLAR Z. & RAGE J. - C. 1999. - Oldest fossil vipers (Serpentes: Viperidae) from the Old World. Kaupia 8: 9 - 20." type="journal article" year="1999">Szyndlar & Rage 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; pers. observation) but in fossil representatives, at least small subcotylar tubercles frequently occur (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B204318FFF8FDABFBC84AFCFBBC" author="SZYNDLAR Z." box="[535,688,1108,1134]" pageId="28" pageNumber="369" pagination="687 - 706" refId="ref27372" refString="SZYNDLAR Z. 1988. - Two new extinct species of the genera Malpolon and Vipera (Reptilia, Serpentes) from the Uppermost Miocene of Algora (Spain). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 31 (11): 687 - 706." type="journal article" year="1988">Szyndlar 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B204318FFF8FD02FBC948F7FB5C" author="ZEROVA G. A." pageId="28" pageNumber="369" pagination="235 - 249" refId="ref28424" refString="ZEROVA G. A. 1992. - Vipera (Daboia) ukrainica - a new viper (Serpentes; Viperidae) from the Middle Sarmatian (Upper Miocene). Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie Abhandlungen 184: 235 - 249." type="journal article" year="1992">Zerova 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B204318FFF8FF7BFBE849FDFB5C" author="SZYNDLAR Z. & RAGE J. - C." box="[199,433,1140,1167]" pageId="28" pageNumber="369" pagination="9 - 20" refId="ref27849" refString="SZYNDLAR Z. & RAGE J. - C. 1999. - Oldest fossil vipers (Serpentes: Viperidae) from the Old World. Kaupia 8: 9 - 20." type="journal article" year="1999">Szyndlar & Rage 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the fusion of the ventromedial margin of the parapophyseal processes with strongly developed subcotylar tubercles has not been observed in either extant or extinct ‘
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A8F8334318FFF8FE85FB4849D9FB3C" box="[313,405,1236,1262]" country="Morocco" name="Oriental" pageId="28" pageNumber="369">Oriental</collectingRegion>
|
||
vipers’. A medial elongation of the medial margin of the parapophyseal processes was reported in posteriormost trunk vertebrae just anterior to the cloacal region, e.g. in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D524318FFF8FF6EFAA84A29FA9F" authority="(Zerova, 1992)" baseAuthorityName="Zerova" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[210,613,1331,1357]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Macrovipera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="369" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ukrainica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34318FFF8FF6EFAA849F7FA9F" box="[210,443,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="369">Macrovipera ukrainica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B204318FFF8FE76FAAF4A12FA9F" author="ZEROVA G. A." box="[458,606,1331,1357]" pageId="28" pageNumber="369" pagination="235 - 249" refId="ref28424" refString="ZEROVA G. A. 1992. - Vipera (Daboia) ukrainica - a new viper (Serpentes; Viperidae) from the Middle Sarmatian (Upper Miocene). Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie Abhandlungen 184: 235 - 249." type="journal article" year="1992">Zerova, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B204318FFF8FDCAFAA84AB3FA9F" author="ZEROVA G. A." box="[630,767,1331,1358]" pageId="28" pageNumber="369" pagination="235 - 249" refId="ref28424" refString="ZEROVA G. A. 1992. - Vipera (Daboia) ukrainica - a new viper (Serpentes; Viperidae) from the Middle Sarmatian (Upper Miocene). Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie Abhandlungen 184: 235 - 249." type="journal article" year="1992">Zerova 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 10). The strange development of the parapophyseal region in trunk vertebrae of ‘
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A8F8334318FFF8FEDEFAEF49F2FA5F" box="[354,446,1395,1421]" country="Morocco" name="Oriental" pageId="28" pageNumber="369">Oriental</collectingRegion>
|
||
vipers’ from MWQ is probably not due to intraspecific variation or abnormal (pathological) development because the same vertebrae have been reported from the coeval (MN 4), still unpublished, locality 3/
|
||
<quantity id="4C949B344318FFF8FD0FFA4F4B45FA3F" box="[691,777,1491,1518]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0927" pageId="28" pageNumber="369" unit="in" value="2005.0">2005 in</quantity>
|
||
Mokrá-Central Quarry. Although ‘
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A8F8334318FFF8FE54FA6F4A0FF9DF" box="[488,579,1523,1549]" country="Morocco" name="Oriental" pageId="28" pageNumber="369">Oriental</collectingRegion>
|
||
viper’ from MWQ is not identified below the subfamily level, it is probable that this true viper could represent the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D524318FFF8FD86F9AF4AF4F99E" authorityName="A.F.Reuss" authorityYear="1927" box="[570,696,1587,1612]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Macrovipera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="369" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34318FFF8FD86F9AF4AF4F99E" box="[570,696,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="369">Macrovipera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. If it is true, the first occurrence of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D524318FFF8FD98F9CF4AE8F9BE" authorityName="A.F.Reuss" authorityYear="1927" box="[548,676,1619,1644]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Macrovipera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="369" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918EAC34318FFF8FD98F9CF4AE8F9BE" box="[548,676,1619,1644]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="369">Macrovipera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be placed to the late early Miocene.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |