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<mods:title id="26F18E23B137B7B5A2A2EDAE8E3E542E">Early Miocene squamate assemblage from the Mokrá-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) and its palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03C587C7430CFFECFEE8FE844B4BF83E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4486567" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177200717" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4486567" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C587C7430CFFECFEE8FE844B4BF83E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C587C7430CFFECFEE8FE844B4BF83E" lastPageNumber="349" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D52430CFFECFEE8FE8449BDFEE2" box="[340,497,280,306]" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" rank="family">AMPHISBAENIA</taxonomicName>
indet. (
<figureCitation id="13572A54430CFFECFE1BFEAB49A8FE83" box="[423,484,311,337]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[813,824,958,976]" captionTargetBox="[813,1455,215,917]" captionTargetId="figure-724@8.[811,1456,213,742]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 3. — Amphisbaenia indet.from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ.The trunk vertebra Pal. 1570 (2/2003 Reptile Joint) in (A) lateral, (B) dorsal, (C) ventral, (D) anterior and (E) posterior aspects. Abbreviations: cd, condyle; ct, cotyle; nc, neural canal;po, postzygapophysis;pof, postzygapophyseal articular fac- et; pr, prezygapophysis;prf, prezygapophyseal articular facet; scf, subcentral foramen; syn, synapophysis. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4447571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4447571/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D52430CFFECFF38FEF64888FE50" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1830" box="[132,196,362,386]" class="Reptilia" family="Blanidae" genus="Blanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sp.">
<emphasis id="B918EAC3430CFFECFF38FEF64888FE50" box="[132,196,362,386]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">Blanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
<treatmentCitation id="0ACD10C0430CFFECFF43FEF649AEFE50" author="Ivanov et al. " box="[255,482,362,386]" page="229" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B20430CFFECFF43FEF649AEFE50" author="IVANOV M. &amp; MUSIL R. &amp; BRZOBOHATY R." box="[255,482,362,386]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" pagination="223 - 239" refId="ref24955" refString="IVANOV M., MUSIL R. &amp; BRZOBOHATY R. 2006. - Terrestrial and Marine Faunas from the Miocene Deposits of the Mokra Plateau (Drahany Upland, Czech Republic) - Impact on Palaeogeography. Beitrage zur Palaontologie 30: 223 - 239." type="journal article" year="2006">
Ivanov
<emphasis id="B918EAC3430CFFECFEFAFEF74939FE50" box="[326,373,362,386]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">et al.</emphasis>
2006: 229
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, table 2.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C376655A430CFFECFF38FE084ADCFE14" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD336D1430CFFECFF38FE084ADCFE14" blockId="8.[130,775,362,454]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">
MATERIAL. —
<materialsCitation id="3B043C8C430CFFECFEB5FE0F4ADCFE14" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3027945319" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">
MWQ, early Miocene, Burdigalian, Orleanian,
<collectionCode id="ED7DAE14430CFFECFD78FE084AA2FE79" box="[708,750,404,427]" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">MN</collectionCode>
4: 2/2003 Reptile Joint: One trunk vertebra (Pal. 1570).
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C376655A430CFFECFF38FE6B4903FB5C" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD336D1430CFFECFF38FE6B4959FDDD" blockId="8.[131,777,503,1166]" box="[132,277,503,529]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336D1430CFFECFF38FD8A4953FDE2" blockId="8.[131,777,503,1166]" box="[132,287,534,560]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">
<emphasis id="B918EAC3430CFFECFF38FD8A4953FDE2" box="[132,287,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">Trunk vertebra</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336D1430CFFECFF38FDAA4903FB5C" blockId="8.[131,777,503,1166]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">A single trunk vertebra is preserved. It is small in size. A neural spine is absent, and the dorsal portion of the neural arch forms a median edge. In lateral view, the synapophysis is simple and large. The posterior portion of the neural arch is fused with the postzygapophyses, forming the dorsal roof (or lamina) between the left and right postzygapophyses. The neural canal is subtriangular with distinct lateral sinuses. The interzygapophyseal constriction is distinct and it occurs in the anterior half of the anteroposterior vertebral length. The dorsally tilted prezygapophyseal articular facets have an elliptical shape. A zygosphene is absent. The ventral side of the depressed centrum is flat, pierced by a pair of large subcentral foramina in the anterior 1/3 of the anteroposterior length. The lateral margins (subcentral ridges) are roughly parallel in ventral aspect. No constriction is developed at the base of the damaged condyle. The postzygapophyseal articular facets are oval and slightly enlarged posteriorly. The cotyle is distinctly laterally enlarged.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF136659430CFFECFC91FC224CFDFB90" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4447571" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4447571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4447571/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" startId="8.[813,824,958,976]" targetBox="[813,1455,215,917]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BD336D1430CFFECFC91FC224CFDFB90" blockId="8.[812,1457,958,1090]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">
FIG. 3. — Amphisbaenia indet.from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ.The trunk vertebra Pal. 1570 (2/2003 Reptile Joint) in (
<emphasis id="B918EAC3430CFFECFB1DFC494CE2FC35" bold="true" box="[1185,1198,981,999]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">A</emphasis>
) lateral, (
<emphasis id="B918EAC3430CFFECFB40FC494D45FC35" bold="true" box="[1276,1289,981,999]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">B</emphasis>
) dorsal, (
<emphasis id="B918EAC3430CFFECFAE5FC494D2BFC35" bold="true" box="[1369,1383,981,999]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">C</emphasis>
) ventral, (
<emphasis id="B918EAC3430CFFECFC8DFC704B73FC2C" bold="true" box="[817,831,1004,1022]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">D</emphasis>
) anterior and (
<emphasis id="B918EAC3430CFFECFC06FC704B8AFC2C" bold="true" box="[954,966,1004,1022]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">E</emphasis>
) posterior aspects. Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="B918EAC3430CFFECFB51FC704D4FFC2C" bold="true" box="[1261,1283,1004,1022]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">cd</emphasis>
, condyle;
<emphasis id="B918EAC3430CFFECFAE7FC704D20FC2C" bold="true" box="[1371,1388,1004,1022]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">ct</emphasis>
, cotyle;
<emphasis id="B918EAC3430CFFECFC91FB9E4B0FFBC6" bold="true" box="[813,835,1026,1044]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">nc</emphasis>
, neural canal;
<emphasis id="B918EAC3430CFFECFC05FB9E4B9CFBC6" bold="true" box="[953,976,1026,1044]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">po</emphasis>
, postzygapophysis;
<emphasis id="B918EAC3430CFFECFBC6FB9E4CDBFBC6" bold="true" box="[1146,1175,1026,1044]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">pof</emphasis>
, postzygapophyseal articular fac- et;
<emphasis id="B918EAC3430CFFECFCFAFB854B15FBF9" bold="true" box="[838,857,1049,1067]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">pr</emphasis>
, prezygapophysis;
<emphasis id="B918EAC3430CFFECFC45FB854C5EFBF9" bold="true" box="[1017,1042,1049,1067]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">prf</emphasis>
, prezygapophyseal articular facet;
<emphasis id="B918EAC3430CFFECFA8FFB854D02FBF9" bold="true" box="[1331,1358,1049,1067]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">scf</emphasis>
, subcentral foramen;
<emphasis id="B918EAC3430CFFECFCC0FBAC4BD7FB90" bold="true" box="[892,923,1072,1090]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">syn</emphasis>
, synapophysis. Scale bar: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C376655A430CFFECFF39FB284B4BF83E" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD336D1430CFFECFF39FB2848A1FB1E" blockId="8.[130,777,1204,2028]" box="[133,237,1204,1230]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">REMARKS</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336D1430CFFECFF38FB484ACDFA1F" blockId="8.[130,777,1204,2028]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">
The vertebra described here can be attributed to Amphisbaenia based on the following combination of features (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B20430CFFECFF0BFA88497EFAFC" author="ESTES R." box="[183,306,1300,1326]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" refId="ref23646" refString="ESTES R. 1983. - Sauria Terrestria. Part 10 A, in WELLNHOFER P. (ed.), Handbuch der Palaoherpetologie (Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology). Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 249 p." type="book" year="1983">Estes 1983</bibRefCitation>
): 1) the depressed centrum, having a flat ventral surface; 2) roughly parallel lateral margins in ventral aspect; 3) massive synapophyses; 4) the absence of a zygosphene (enabling distinction of amphisbaenians from scolecophidian snakes (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B20430CFFECFE3AFA0849B1FA7F" author="ESTES R." box="[390,509,1427,1454]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" refId="ref23646" refString="ESTES R. 1983. - Sauria Terrestria. Part 10 A, in WELLNHOFER P. (ed.), Handbuch der Palaoherpetologie (Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology). Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 249 p." type="book" year="1983">Estes 1983</bibRefCitation>
; Rage 1984); and 5) the sinusoidal neural arch lacking a neural spine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD336D1430CFFECFF27FA4F4B4BF83E" blockId="8.[130,777,1204,2028]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">
Family level allocation of an isolated vertebra is limited by a lack of clear diagnostic features for identification (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B20430CFFECFF32F98F4948F9FF" author="ESTES R." box="[142,260,1555,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" refId="ref23646" refString="ESTES R. 1983. - Sauria Terrestria. Part 10 A, in WELLNHOFER P. (ed.), Handbuch der Palaoherpetologie (Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology). Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 249 p." type="book" year="1983">Estes 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B20430CFFECFEAEF98F49C5F9FF" author="AUGE M." box="[274,393,1554,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" refId="ref22338" refString="AUGE M. 2005. - Evolution des lezards du Paleogene en Europe. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 369 p. (Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle; 192)." type="book" year="2005">Augé 2005</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B20430CFFECFE2AF98F4983F9FF" author="AUGE M." box="[406,463,1555,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" pagination="425 - 443" refId="ref22373" refString="AUGE M. 2012. - Amphisbaenians from the European Eocene: a biogeographical review, in LEHMANN T. &amp; SCHAAL S. F. K. (ed.), Messel and the Terrestrial Eocene. Proceedings of the 22 nd Senckenberg Conference. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 92 (4): 425 - 443. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12549 - 012 - 0104 - 6" type="journal article" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B20430CFFECFE61F98E4A80F9FE" author="GEORGALIS G. L. &amp; VILLA A. &amp; VLACHOS E. &amp; DELFINO M." box="[477,716,1554,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" pagination="433 - 444" refId="ref23965" refString="GEORGALIS G. L., VILLA A., VLACHOS E. &amp; DELFINO M. 2016 b. - Fossil amphibians and reptiles from Plakias, Crete: a glimpse into the earliest late Miocene herpetofaunas of southeastern Europe. Geobios 49 (6): 433 - 444. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. geobios. 2016.09.004" type="journal article" year="2016">
Georgalis
<emphasis id="B918EAC3430CFFECFDF0F98F4A33F9FE" box="[588,639,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">et al.</emphasis>
2016b
</bibRefCitation>
).We can exclude rhineurids, which have a denticulate vertebral posterior margin. The same feature can be observed in trogonophiids as well (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B20430CFFECFEDCF9EF49B0F95E" author="KEARNEY M." box="[352,508,1650,1677]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" pagination="1 - 74" refId="ref25178" refString="KEARNEY M. 2003. - Systematics of the Amphisbaenia (Lepidosauria: Squamata) based on morphological evidence from recent and fossil forms. Herpetological Monographs 17 (1): 1 - 74. http: // doi. org / b 9 r 92 g" type="journal article" year="2003">Kearney 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B20430CFFECFDB5F9EE4ACEF95E" author="AUGE M." box="[521,642,1650,1676]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" pagination="425 - 443" refId="ref22373" refString="AUGE M. 2012. - Amphisbaenians from the European Eocene: a biogeographical review, in LEHMANN T. &amp; SCHAAL S. F. K. (ed.), Messel and the Terrestrial Eocene. Proceedings of the 22 nd Senckenberg Conference. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 92 (4): 425 - 443. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12549 - 012 - 0104 - 6" type="journal article" year="2012">Augé 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B20430CFFECFD33F9E84940F97E" author="CERNANSKY A. &amp; KLEMBARA J. &amp; MULLER J." pageId="8" pageNumber="349" pagination="559 - 587" refId="ref23261" refString="CERNANSKY A., KLEMBARA J. &amp; MULLER J. 2016 a. - The new rare record of the late Oligocene lizards and amphisbaenians from Germany and its impact on our knowledge of the European terminal Palaeogene. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironment 96 (4): 559 - 587. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12549 - 015 - 0226 - 8" type="journal article" year="2016">
Čerňanský
<emphasis id="B918EAC3430CFFECFF38F90F48F0F97E" box="[132,188,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">et al.</emphasis>
2016a
</bibRefCitation>
). Based on the geographical position of the locality and the age of the sediments, this vertebra most likely represents a blanid taxon. According to cranial elements, amphisbaenians reported from the Central European late Oligocene and Miocene localities are almost exclusively identified as belonging to the clade
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D52430CFFECFDB5F8AD4A26F899" baseAuthorityName="Kearney" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[521,618,1841,1867]" class="Reptilia" family="Blanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Blanidae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B20430CFFECFDC7F8AD4B4CF89E" author="ROCEK Z." box="[635,768,1841,1868]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" pagination="1 - 69" refId="ref27045" refString="ROCEK Z. 1984. - Lizards (Reptilia: Sauria) from the Lower Miocene locality Dolnice (Bohemia, Czechoslovakia). Rozpravy Ceskoslovenske Akademie Ved, Rada Matematickych a Prirodnich Ved 94: 1 - 69." type="journal article" year="1984">Roček 1984</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B20430CFFECFF38F8CD4951F8BE" author="SCHLEICH H. H." box="[132,285,1873,1900]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" pagination="95 - 105" refId="ref27173" refString="SCHLEICH H. H. 1988. - Neue Reptilienfunde aus dem Tertiar Deutschlands 8. Palaeoblanus tobieni n. gen., n. sp. - neue Doppelschleichen aus dem Tertiar Deutschlands. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 62 (1 / 2): 95 - 105." type="journal article" year="1988">Schleich 1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B20430CFFECFE95F8CF4A02F8BE" author="CERNANSKY A. &amp; VENCZEL M." box="[297,590,1873,1903]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" pagination="73 - 77" refId="ref23137" refString="CERNANSKY A. &amp; VENCZEL M. 2011. - An amphisbaenid reptile (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae) from the Lower Miocene of Northwest Bohemia (MN 3, Czech Republic). Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie-Abhandlungen 260 (1): 73 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / 0077 - 7749 / 2011 / 0129" type="journal article" year="2011">Čerňanský &amp; Venczel 2011</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B20430CFFECFDE7F8CF4886F859" author="CERNANSKY A. &amp; KLEMBARA J. &amp; MULLER J." pageId="8" pageNumber="349" pagination="559 - 587" refId="ref23261" refString="CERNANSKY A., KLEMBARA J. &amp; MULLER J. 2016 a. - The new rare record of the late Oligocene lizards and amphisbaenians from Germany and its impact on our knowledge of the European terminal Palaeogene. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironment 96 (4): 559 - 587. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12549 - 015 - 0226 - 8" type="journal article" year="2016">
Čerňanský
<emphasis id="B918EAC3430CFFECFD69F8CE4B4BF8B9" box="[725,775,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">et al.</emphasis>
2016a
</bibRefCitation>
). The morphology and dimensions of the vertebra described here are very similar to those of trunk vertebra of
<taxonomicName id="4C6C4D52430CFFECFF3FF82D49FEF819" authority="Rocek, 1984" authorityName="Rocek" authorityYear="1984" box="[131,434,1969,1995]" class="Reptilia" family="Blanidae" genus="Blanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B918EAC3430CFFECFF3FF82D4952F819" box="[131,286,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="349">Blanus gracilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B20430CFFECFE99F82D49FEF819" author="ROCEK Z." box="[293,434,1969,1995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" pagination="1 - 69" refId="ref27045" refString="ROCEK Z. 1984. - Lizards (Reptilia: Sauria) from the Lower Miocene locality Dolnice (Bohemia, Czechoslovakia). Rozpravy Ceskoslovenske Akademie Ved, Rada Matematickych a Prirodnich Ved 94: 1 - 69." type="journal article" year="1984">Roček, 1984</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
reported from the Czech early Miocene (MN 4b) Dolnice site (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD4B20430CFFECFE52F84D4ADDF83E" author="ROCEK Z." box="[494,657,2001,2028]" pageId="8" pageNumber="349" pagination="1 - 69" refId="ref27045" refString="ROCEK Z. 1984. - Lizards (Reptilia: Sauria) from the Lower Miocene locality Dolnice (Bohemia, Czechoslovakia). Rozpravy Ceskoslovenske Akademie Ved, Rada Matematickych a Prirodnich Ved 94: 1 - 69." type="journal article" year="1984">Roček 1984: 5</bibRefCitation>
, table 16).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>