317 lines
51 KiB
XML
317 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document id="72B67472C1D2AEB1B5AD0B8950D36624" ID-CLB-Dataset="36822" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3827.1.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6f4ce5d8-1a5c-4145-9af9-8aafb22c9921" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="286492" ID-ZooBank="AE81C74A-6143-4934-9B32-47BFE95969D4" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460447695194" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Deza, Mariajosé & Andía, Juan Manuel" docDate="2014" docId="03B387FEFF8CFFA7FF15F5829B6494FA" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03827p077.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3827 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Alpaida penca Deza & Andía, 2014, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="74" masterDocId="FF8AFF86FF8EFFA0FF82F376994C9259" masterDocTitle="Two new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida (Araneae, Araneidae) from Peru" masterLastPageNumber="77" masterPageNumber="67" pageNumber="69" updateTime="1698333837785" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7DBFDAAE05BF245BD12B8320272B6DED">
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<mods:title id="A11C1CA357D9649860B6E17F6525A039">Two new species of the orb-weaving spider genus Alpaida (Araneae, Araneidae) from Peru</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3A584308849C01808F5F639A8EBDBFF2">Deza, Mariajosé</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="6815F2A0821C5543CF9DB26E16B05CE7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2A07BF1AA7AC053277A84FE796391CA4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="89792ADACF2AD540F550CA7487FAD1A1">Andía, Juan Manuel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="440AC4C2862767CA0D1EC71FF706D740">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="FEF6B416BFB180E939FA31798502F9AE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4CDDAECA4A55874BD36AB3298D62D787">
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<mods:date id="BEC440C0648372CEC71063D27CD7A96E">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B3FA8D4B7EFBA86B8E830968DA44FD14">3827</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="2BCED9B08A93F7D1D13A633886BE5C4A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3827.1.6</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B387FEFF8CFFA7FF15F5829B6494FA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6494295" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127668641" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6494295" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387FEFF8CFFA7FF15F5829B6494FA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387FEFF8CFFA7FF15F5829B6494FA" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
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<subSubSection id="C3006563FF8CFFA2FF15F58298D29568" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA536E8FF8CFFA2FF15F58298829554" blockId="2.[151,462,1780,1841]" box="[151,462,1780,1805]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
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<heading id="D0ED8184FF8CFFA2FF15F58298829554" bold="true" box="[151,462,1780,1805]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF8CFFA2FF15F58298829554" bold="true" box="[151,462,1780,1805]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D6BFF8CFFA2FF15F58298719555" ID-CoL="C5XZ" box="[151,317,1780,1805]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Alpaida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penca" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF8CFFA2FF15F58298719555" bold="true" box="[151,317,1780,1805]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Alpaida penca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25D5781FF8CFFA2FEC6F58298829554" box="[324,462,1780,1805]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA536E8FF8CFFA2FF15F46E98D29568" blockId="2.[151,462,1780,1841]" box="[151,414,1816,1841]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13212A6DFF8CFFA2FF1CF46E98DB9568" box="[158,407,1816,1841]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 10 – 13" captionStart-1="FIGURES 14 – 18" captionStart-2="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStart-3="FIGURES 25 – 27" captionStart-4="FIGURES 28 – 33" captionStart-5="FIGURES 34 – 38" captionStartId-0="4.[151,264,1791,1814]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,264,1647,1670]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,264,1747,1770]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,264,1263,1286]" captionStartId-4="8.[151,264,1702,1725]" captionStartId-5="9.[151,264,1595,1618]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,337,1769]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1625]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,337,1725]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,193,1241]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,267,1680]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1436,195,1574]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1770]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1626]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[151,1436,337,1726]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1242]" captionTargetId-4="figure@8.[151,1436,267,1681]" captionTargetId-5="figure@9.[151,1436,195,1574]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionTargetPageId-5="9" captionText-0="FIGURES 10 – 13. Alpaida penca n. sp., female holotype. 10 – 11, Habitus (10, dorsal; 11, ventral). 12 – 13, Prosoma (12, dorsal; 13, ventral). Scale bars: 10 - 11: 2 mm; 12 - 13: 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 14 – 18. Alpaida penca n. sp., male paratype. 14 – 15, Habitus (14, dorsal; 15, ventral). 16 – 17, Prosoma (16, dorsal; 17, ventral). 18, Second right tibia, prolateral view. Scale bars: 14 – 15: 2 mm; 16 – 18: 0.5 mm." captionText-2="FIGURES 19 – 24. Alpaida penca n. sp., female holotype and male paratype. 19, Female habitus, lateral view. 20, Male carapace, frontal view. 21 – 24, Female genitalia (21, epigynum ventral; 22, epigynum digested ventral; 23, same posterior; 24, digested vulva, anterior view). (FD, fertilization ducts; ML, median lobe; PM, posterior margin; PMP, posterior median plate; S, spermatheca). Scale bars: 19: 2 mm; 20: 0.5 mm; 21 - 24: 0.2 mm." captionText-3="FIGURES 25 – 27. Alpaida penca n. sp., left palp. 25, Ventral; 26, retrolateral; 27, prolateral. (A, terminal apophysis; C, conductor; E, embolus; M, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; R, radix; T, tegulum; Y, cymbium; *, distal lobe of terminal apophysis; +, basal prong of terminal apophysis). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." captionText-4="FIGURES 28 – 33. Alpaida penca n. sp., left palp. 28 – 30, Expanded (28, prolateral-dorsal; 29, ventral-basal; 30, retrolateral). 31 – 33, Palp sclerites in SEM images (A, terminal apophysis; E, embolus; H, hematodocha; M, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; R, radix; T, tegulum; Y, cymbium; *, distal lobe of terminal apophysis; +, basal prong of terminal apophysis). Scale bars: 28 – 30: 0.5 mm; 31 – 32: 0.2 mm; 33: 0.1 mm." captionText-5="FIGURES 34 – 38. Distribution and habitats of Alpaida losamigos n. sp. and Alpaida penca n. sp. 34, Map of species distribution, in yellow the limits of Departments of Madre de Dios and Cajamarca; 35 – 36, rainforests of Madre de Dios (35, panoramic view of Los Amigos River; 36, habitat of Alpaida losamigos n. sp.). 37 – 38, Highlands of Cajamarca (37, panoramic view of the Cajamarca valley; 38, Agaves where Alpaida penca n. sp. inhabit)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/286495/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/286496/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/286497/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/286498/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/286499/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/286500/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Figures 10–34, 37–38</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3006563FF8CFFA2FF15F4169DB395BC" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA536E8FF8CFFA2FF15F4169CC495C7" blockId="2.[151,1436,1888,2022]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF8CFFA2FF15F41698089520" bold="true" box="[151,324,1888,1913]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
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<typeStatus id="54A1884AFF8CFFA2FF15F416999E9520" box="[151,210,1888,1913]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54A1884AFF8CFFA2FEC9F41698FF9520" box="[331,435,1888,1913]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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female from
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<collectingCountry id="F30D7678FF8CFFA2FDC8F4179BDA9521" box="[586,662,1889,1912]" name="Peru" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">PERU</collectingCountry>
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: Department of Cajamarca, Cajamarca,
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<date id="FFA41028FF8CFFA2FBD6F4179DBF9520" box="[1108,1267,1889,1913]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" value="2010-03-11">Mar. 11, 2010</date>
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, M. Deza coll., deposited in
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<collectionCode id="ED0BAE2DFF8CFFA2FEA4F4F098C695C4" box="[294,394,1926,1949]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">MEKRB</collectionCode>
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(UAAr-275/2010); same label data, four male and six female
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<typeStatus id="54A1884AFF8CFFA2FBC0F4F09DE195C7" box="[1090,1197,1926,1950]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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(UAAr-016/2010).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA536E8FF8CFFA2FF45F4DF9DB395BC" blockId="2.[151,1436,1888,2022]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF8CFFA2FF45F4DF9B79959B" bold="true" box="[199,565,1961,1986]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F30D7678FF8CFFA2FDBFF4DC9B3F9598" box="[573,627,1962,1985]" name="Peru" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, Cajamarca, Cumbe
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<date id="FFA41028FF8CFFA2FCDCF4DC9AEE959B" box="[862,930,1962,1986]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" value="26-05">Mayo</date>
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,
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<date id="FFA41028FF8CFFA2FC2CF4DF9D1E9598" box="[942,1106,1961,1986]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" value="1984-08-26">Aug. 26, 1984</date>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED0BAE2DFF8CFFA2FBDDF4DF9DF89598" box="[1119,1204,1961,1985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">MUSM</collectionCode>
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–
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<collectionCode id="ED0BAE2DFF8CFFA2FB40F4DF9DB59598" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13589" box="[1218,1273,1961,1985]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13589" name="Ministry of Natural Resources" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">ENT</collectionCode>
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0 501924, 1 ♀ (
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<collectionCode id="ED0BAE2DFF8CFFA2FF1DF4BB99B795BC" box="[159,251,1997,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">MUSM</collectionCode>
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). Cajamarca, Mashcon River,
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<date id="FFA41028FF8CFFA2FDCEF4BB9BAE95BF" box="[588,738,1997,2022]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" value="1965-02-10">Feb 10, 1965</date>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED0BAE2DFF8CFFA2FD6FF4BB9A0E95BC" box="[749,834,1997,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">MUSM</collectionCode>
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–
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<collectionCode id="ED0BAE2DFF8CFFA2FCDCF4B89AD895BC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13589" box="[862,916,1998,2021]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13589" name="Ministry of Natural Resources" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">ENT</collectionCode>
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0 5011930, 12 ♀,
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<specimenCount id="9D1CFD61FF8CFFA2FBDDF4BB9DC495BC" box="[1119,1160,1997,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" type="generic">3 ♂</specimenCount>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED0BAE2DFF8CFFA2FB1AF4BB9DB895BC" box="[1176,1268,1997,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">MUSM</collectionCode>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF656660FF8DFFA3FF15F7E59DC096BE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286494/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1150]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="8BA536E8FF8DFFA3FF15F7E59DC096BE" blockId="3.[151,1436,1171,1255]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF8DFFA3FF15F7E5987796F0" bold="true" box="[151,315,1171,1194]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">FIGURES 6–9.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D6BFF8DFFA3FEC1F7E29B4E96F3" box="[323,514,1172,1194]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Alpaida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="losamigos" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF8DFFA3FEC1F7E29B4E96F3" box="[323,514,1172,1194]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Alpaida losamigos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF8DFFA3FD8BF7E29B0F96F0" bold="true" box="[521,579,1172,1193]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25D5781FF8DFFA3FD8BF7E29B0F96F0" box="[521,579,1172,1193]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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, female genitalia. 6–7, Epigynum (6, ventral; 7, posterior). 8–9, Digested vulva (8, anteroventral; 9, anterior). (CD, copulatory ducts; CO, copulatory openings; FD, fertilization ducts; LP, lateral plate; ML, median lobe; PMP, posterior median plate; S, spermatheca; TL, transversal lip). Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C3006563FF8DFFA3FF45F6629C3B9774" box="[199,1399,1300,1325]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" type="etymology">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA536E8FF8DFFA3FF45F6629C3B9774" blockId="3.[151,1437,1300,2009]" box="[199,1399,1300,1325]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF8DFFA3FF45F66298029774" bold="true" box="[199,334,1300,1325]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the local vernacular name for this spider.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3006563FF8DFFA3FF45F64E9A0B9471" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA536E8FF8DFFA3FF45F64E9A0B9471" blockId="3.[151,1437,1300,2009]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF8DFFA3FF45F64E980D9708" bold="true" box="[199,321,1336,1361]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Females of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D6BFF8DFFA3FE4FF64E9B7C9709" box="[461,560,1336,1360]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Alpaida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penca">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF8DFFA3FE4FF64E9B7C9709" box="[461,560,1336,1360]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">A. penca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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resembles
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D6BFF8DFFA3FD32F64E9A579709" box="[688,795,1336,1360]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Alpaida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iguazu">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF8DFFA3FD32F64E9A579709" box="[688,795,1336,1360]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">A. iguazu</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D6BFF8DFFA3FCD1F64E9AFF9709" box="[851,947,1336,1360]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Alpaida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tijuca">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF8DFFA3FCD1F64E9AFF9709" box="[851,947,1336,1360]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">A. tijuca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having the posterior median plate of the epigynum partially divided in middle (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B19FF8DFFA3FDE1F62A9AD3972D" author="Levi" box="[611,927,1372,1397]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" refString="Levi, H. W. (1988) The neotropical orb-weaving spiders of the genus Alpaida (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 151, 365 - 487." type="journal article" year="1988">Levi, 1988: figs. 331, 337</bibRefCitation>
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), but are distinguished by the lips without posterior median swellings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A6DFF8DFFA3FE5BF6F69B6297C1" box="[473,558,1408,1433]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1747,1770]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,337,1726]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 24. Alpaida penca n. sp., female holotype and male paratype. 19, Female habitus, lateral view. 20, Male carapace, frontal view. 21 – 24, Female genitalia (21, epigynum ventral; 22, epigynum digested ventral; 23, same posterior; 24, digested vulva, anterior view). (FD, fertilization ducts; ML, median lobe; PM, posterior margin; PMP, posterior median plate; S, spermatheca). Scale bars: 19: 2 mm; 20: 0.5 mm; 21 - 24: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286497/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
); females differs from rest of species by the rectangular epigynum in ventral view, and the shape of the lateral lobes of the epigynum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A6DFF8DFFA3FCCBF6D29A9797E5" box="[841,987,1444,1469]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1747,1770]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,337,1726]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 24. Alpaida penca n. sp., female holotype and male paratype. 19, Female habitus, lateral view. 20, Male carapace, frontal view. 21 – 24, Female genitalia (21, epigynum ventral; 22, epigynum digested ventral; 23, same posterior; 24, digested vulva, anterior view). (FD, fertilization ducts; ML, median lobe; PM, posterior margin; PMP, posterior median plate; S, spermatheca). Scale bars: 19: 2 mm; 20: 0.5 mm; 21 - 24: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286497/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Figs. 21, 22</figureCitation>
|
||
). Males differ from all species by the following combination of characters: the shape of the distal lobe of the terminal apophysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A6DFF8DFFA3FB5EF6BE99AC945D" captionStart-0="FIGURES 25 – 27" captionStart-1="FIGURES 28 – 33" captionStartId-0="7.[151,264,1263,1286]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,264,1702,1725]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,193,1241]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,267,1680]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1242]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[151,1436,267,1681]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="FIGURES 25 – 27. Alpaida penca n. sp., left palp. 25, Ventral; 26, retrolateral; 27, prolateral. (A, terminal apophysis; C, conductor; E, embolus; M, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; R, radix; T, tegulum; Y, cymbium; *, distal lobe of terminal apophysis; +, basal prong of terminal apophysis). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 28 – 33. Alpaida penca n. sp., left palp. 28 – 30, Expanded (28, prolateral-dorsal; 29, ventral-basal; 30, retrolateral). 31 – 33, Palp sclerites in SEM images (A, terminal apophysis; E, embolus; H, hematodocha; M, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; R, radix; T, tegulum; Y, cymbium; *, distal lobe of terminal apophysis; +, basal prong of terminal apophysis). Scale bars: 28 – 30: 0.5 mm; 31 – 32: 0.2 mm; 33: 0.1 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/286498/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/286499/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Figs. 25, 27–28, 31–32</figureCitation>
|
||
), conductor with a point apically directed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A6DFF8DFFA3FD4CF69A9A6F945D" box="[718,803,1516,1541]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 33" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1702,1725]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,1680]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,267,1681]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 33. Alpaida penca n. sp., left palp. 28 – 30, Expanded (28, prolateral-dorsal; 29, ventral-basal; 30, retrolateral). 31 – 33, Palp sclerites in SEM images (A, terminal apophysis; E, embolus; H, hematodocha; M, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; R, radix; T, tegulum; Y, cymbium; *, distal lobe of terminal apophysis; +, basal prong of terminal apophysis). Scale bars: 28 – 30: 0.5 mm; 31 – 32: 0.2 mm; 33: 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286499/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||
), median apophysis with a tip pointing at the cymbium and the embolus directed more prolaterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A6DFF8DFFA3FD05F5669A439471" box="[647,783,1552,1577]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 27" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1263,1286]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1241]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1242]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 27. Alpaida penca n. sp., left palp. 25, Ventral; 26, retrolateral; 27, prolateral. (A, terminal apophysis; C, conductor; E, embolus; M, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; R, radix; T, tegulum; Y, cymbium; *, distal lobe of terminal apophysis; +, basal prong of terminal apophysis). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286498/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Figs. 25, 27</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A6DFF8DFFA3FC99F5669A779471" box="[795,827,1552,1576]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 33" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1702,1725]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,1680]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,267,1681]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 33. Alpaida penca n. sp., left palp. 28 – 30, Expanded (28, prolateral-dorsal; 29, ventral-basal; 30, retrolateral). 31 – 33, Palp sclerites in SEM images (A, terminal apophysis; E, embolus; H, hematodocha; M, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; R, radix; T, tegulum; Y, cymbium; *, distal lobe of terminal apophysis; +, basal prong of terminal apophysis). Scale bars: 28 – 30: 0.5 mm; 31 – 32: 0.2 mm; 33: 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286499/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">29</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3006563FF8DFFA7FF45F54299AC9426" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536E8FF8DFFA4FF45F54298909344" blockId="3.[151,1437,1300,2009]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF8DFFA3FF45F54298159414" bold="true" box="[199,345,1588,1613]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF8DFFA3FEE0F5429B7F9415" box="[354,563,1588,1612]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">
|
||
Female (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A1884AFF8DFFA3FE4AF5429B679415" box="[456,555,1588,1612]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Carapace orange-brown with dusky median patch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A6DFF8DFFA3FB10F5429DA59415" box="[1170,1257,1588,1613]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1791,1814]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1770]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 13. Alpaida penca n. sp., female holotype. 10 – 11, Habitus (10, dorsal; 11, ventral). 12 – 13, Prosoma (12, dorsal; 13, ventral). Scale bars: 10 - 11: 2 mm; 12 - 13: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286495/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cephalic area with white hairs, clypeus with few setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A6DFF8DFFA3FDE7F52E9BF49429" box="[613,696,1624,1649]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1791,1814]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1770]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 13. Alpaida penca n. sp., female holotype. 10 – 11, Habitus (10, dorsal; 11, ventral). 12 – 13, Prosoma (12, dorsal; 13, ventral). Scale bars: 10 - 11: 2 mm; 12 - 13: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286495/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eye measurements: AME 0.13, ALE 0.11, PME 0.12, PLE 0.10, AME-ALE 0.51, PME-PLE 0.60, AME-AME 0.16, PME-PME 0.14. Chelicerae orange, with black marks on its base, and distally black. Sternum orange with some white pigment marks; coxae orange with black retrolateral mark, trochanters black, some orange prolaterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A6DFF8DFFA3FD51F5B29A6B9485" box="[723,807,1732,1757]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1791,1814]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1770]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 13. Alpaida penca n. sp., female holotype. 10 – 11, Habitus (10, dorsal; 11, ventral). 12 – 13, Prosoma (12, dorsal; 13, ventral). Scale bars: 10 - 11: 2 mm; 12 - 13: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286495/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). Labium and endites dark brown, yellow-white distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A6DFF8DFFA3FF1DF59E99BE9559" box="[159,242,1768,1793]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1791,1814]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1770]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 13. Alpaida penca n. sp., female holotype. 10 – 11, Habitus (10, dorsal; 11, ventral). 12 – 13, Prosoma (12, dorsal; 13, ventral). Scale bars: 10 - 11: 2 mm; 12 - 13: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286495/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). Legs orange with black longitudinal dorsal marks, and all articles distally black, femora and patellae with large black ventral marks (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A6DFF8DFFA3FE5FF47A9B7B957D" box="[477,567,1804,1829]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1747,1770]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,337,1726]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 24. Alpaida penca n. sp., female holotype and male paratype. 19, Female habitus, lateral view. 20, Male carapace, frontal view. 21 – 24, Female genitalia (21, epigynum ventral; 22, epigynum digested ventral; 23, same posterior; 24, digested vulva, anterior view). (FD, fertilization ducts; ML, median lobe; PM, posterior margin; PMP, posterior median plate; S, spermatheca). Scale bars: 19: 2 mm; 20: 0.5 mm; 21 - 24: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286497/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
). Abdomen oval, longer than wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A6DFF8DFFA3FC71F47A9D01957D" box="[1011,1101,1804,1829]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1791,1814]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1770]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 13. Alpaida penca n. sp., female holotype. 10 – 11, Habitus (10, dorsal; 11, ventral). 12 – 13, Prosoma (12, dorsal; 13, ventral). Scale bars: 10 - 11: 2 mm; 12 - 13: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286495/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
), dark orange dorsally with longitudinal guanine mark in the middle, and two black longitudinal marks on each side. Sides of abdomen orange with black, irregular marks. Venter with black subtriangular mark, surrounded by guanine pigment spots, and spinnerets black (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A6DFF8DFFA3FED9F40E98E195C9" box="[347,429,1912,1937]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1791,1814]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1770]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 13. Alpaida penca n. sp., female holotype. 10 – 11, Habitus (10, dorsal; 11, ventral). 12 – 13, Prosoma (12, dorsal; 13, ventral). Scale bars: 10 - 11: 2 mm; 12 - 13: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286495/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Epigynum wider than long, with a notch more or less indistinct; posterior margin almost straight and median lobe rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A6DFF8DFFA3FDAAF4EA9BE695ED" box="[552,682,1948,1973]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1747,1770]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,337,1726]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 24. Alpaida penca n. sp., female holotype and male paratype. 19, Female habitus, lateral view. 20, Male carapace, frontal view. 21 – 24, Female genitalia (21, epigynum ventral; 22, epigynum digested ventral; 23, same posterior; 24, digested vulva, anterior view). (FD, fertilization ducts; ML, median lobe; PM, posterior margin; PMP, posterior median plate; S, spermatheca). Scale bars: 19: 2 mm; 20: 0.5 mm; 21 - 24: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286497/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Fig. 21, 22</figureCitation>
|
||
); posterior median plate divided in middle, lips without swellings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A6DFF8DFFA3FF1DF4B699BB9581" box="[159,247,1984,2009]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1747,1770]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,337,1726]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 24. Alpaida penca n. sp., female holotype and male paratype. 19, Female habitus, lateral view. 20, Male carapace, frontal view. 21 – 24, Female genitalia (21, epigynum ventral; 22, epigynum digested ventral; 23, same posterior; 24, digested vulva, anterior view). (FD, fertilization ducts; ML, median lobe; PM, posterior margin; PMP, posterior median plate; S, spermatheca). Scale bars: 19: 2 mm; 20: 0.5 mm; 21 - 24: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286497/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
); spermathecae spherical; fertilization ducts curved, convergent and dorsally directed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A6DFF8DFFA3FB70F4B69C079581" box="[1266,1355,1984,2009]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1747,1770]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,337,1726]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 24. Alpaida penca n. sp., female holotype and male paratype. 19, Female habitus, lateral view. 20, Male carapace, frontal view. 21 – 24, Female genitalia (21, epigynum ventral; 22, epigynum digested ventral; 23, same posterior; 24, digested vulva, anterior view). (FD, fertilization ducts; ML, median lobe; PM, posterior margin; PMP, posterior median plate; S, spermatheca). Scale bars: 19: 2 mm; 20: 0.5 mm; 21 - 24: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286497/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
). Total length 7.58; carapace length 3.33, width 2.53; clypeus height 0.12; sternum length 1.28, width 1.27; abdomen length 4.87, width 3.40, height 3.13. Leg formula I/II/IV/III. Leg lengths (I/II/III/IV): femur 2.77/2.53/1.87/2.53; patella 1.20/1.13/0.73/1.13; tibia 2.37/2.07/1.17/1.93; metatarsus 2.17/1.90/1.17/1.97; tarsus 1.07/0.97/0.83/1.00; total leg 9.58/8.60/5.77/8.56.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF656660FF8AFFA4FF15F5899BEA956D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286495/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" targetBox="[151,1436,337,1769]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536E8FF8AFFA4FF15F5899BEA956D" blockId="4.[151,1436,1791,1844]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF8AFFA4FF15F589981F954D" bold="true" box="[151,339,1791,1814]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">FIGURES 10–13.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D6BFF8AFFA4FEDBF58998A7954F" box="[345,491,1791,1814]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Alpaida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF8AFFA4FEDBF58998A7954F" box="[345,491,1791,1814]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Alpaida penca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF8AFFA4FE70F4769B66954C" bold="true" box="[498,554,1792,1813]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25D5781FF8AFFA4FE70F4769B66954C" box="[498,554,1792,1813]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, female holotype. 10–11, Habitus (10, dorsal; 11, ventral). 12–13, Prosoma (12, dorsal; 13, ventral). Scale bars: 10-11: 2 mm; 12-13: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF656660FF8BFFA5FF15F5199D0094FD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286496/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1625]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536E8FF8BFFA5FF15F5199D0094FD" blockId="5.[151,1436,1647,1700]" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF8BFFA5FF15F519981894DD" bold="true" box="[151,340,1647,1670]" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">FIGURES 14–18.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D6BFF8BFFA5FED9F51998A394DF" box="[347,495,1647,1670]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Alpaida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF8BFFA5FED9F51998A394DF" box="[347,495,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">Alpaida penca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF8BFFA5FE74F5069B7C94DC" bold="true" box="[502,560,1648,1669]" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25D5781FF8BFFA5FE74F5069B7C94DC" box="[502,560,1648,1669]" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, male paratype. 14–15, Habitus (14, dorsal; 15, ventral). 16–17, Prosoma (16, dorsal; 17, ventral). 18, Second right tibia, prolateral view. Scale bars: 14–15: 2 mm; 16–18: 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536E8FF8BFFA6FF45F5BA980D928C" blockId="5.[151,1437,1739,2016]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,284]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF8BFFA5FF45F5BA983194BA" box="[199,381,1740,1764]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">
|
||
Male (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A1884AFF8BFFA5FE8DF5BA983994BA" box="[271,373,1740,1763]" pageId="5" pageNumber="72" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Coloration as in female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A6DFF8BFFA5FD1DF5BD9A7894BD" box="[671,820,1739,1764]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 18" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1647,1670]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1626]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 18. Alpaida penca n. sp., male paratype. 14 – 15, Habitus (14, dorsal; 15, ventral). 16 – 17, Prosoma (16, dorsal; 17, ventral). 18, Second right tibia, prolateral view. Scale bars: 14 – 15: 2 mm; 16 – 18: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286496/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">Figs. 14 – 17</figureCitation>
|
||
). Few setae in clypeus and between eyes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A6DFF8BFFA5FA88F5BD9C1294BD" box="[1290,1374,1739,1764]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1747,1770]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,337,1726]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 24. Alpaida penca n. sp., female holotype and male paratype. 19, Female habitus, lateral view. 20, Male carapace, frontal view. 21 – 24, Female genitalia (21, epigynum ventral; 22, epigynum digested ventral; 23, same posterior; 24, digested vulva, anterior view). (FD, fertilization ducts; ML, median lobe; PM, posterior margin; PMP, posterior median plate; S, spermatheca). Scale bars: 19: 2 mm; 20: 0.5 mm; 21 - 24: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286497/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eye measurements: AME 0.10, ALE 0.08, PME 0.09, PLE 0.07, AME-ALE 0.28, PME-PLE 0.38, AME-AME 0.14, PME-PME 0.12. Second tibiae slightly thicker than the first, with 8 prolateral, and 5 ventral, strong spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A6DFF8BFFA5FAEDF46599FA9509" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 18" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1647,1670]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1626]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 18. Alpaida penca n. sp., male paratype. 14 – 15, Habitus (14, dorsal; 15, ventral). 16 – 17, Prosoma (16, dorsal; 17, ventral). 18, Second right tibia, prolateral view. Scale bars: 14 – 15: 2 mm; 16 – 18: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286496/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
). Median apophysis wide, with a tip pointing at the cymbium and a small teeth oriented in the same direction (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A6DFF8BFFA5FF1DF42D9866952D" box="[159,298,1883,1908]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 27" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1263,1286]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1241]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1242]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 27. Alpaida penca n. sp., left palp. 25, Ventral; 26, retrolateral; 27, prolateral. (A, terminal apophysis; C, conductor; E, embolus; M, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; R, radix; T, tegulum; Y, cymbium; *, distal lobe of terminal apophysis; +, basal prong of terminal apophysis). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286498/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">Figs. 25, 27</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A6DFF8BFFA5FEB5F42A981B952D" box="[311,343,1884,1908]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 33" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1702,1725]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,1680]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,267,1681]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 33. Alpaida penca n. sp., left palp. 28 – 30, Expanded (28, prolateral-dorsal; 29, ventral-basal; 30, retrolateral). 31 – 33, Palp sclerites in SEM images (A, terminal apophysis; E, embolus; H, hematodocha; M, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; R, radix; T, tegulum; Y, cymbium; *, distal lobe of terminal apophysis; +, basal prong of terminal apophysis). Scale bars: 28 – 30: 0.5 mm; 31 – 32: 0.2 mm; 33: 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286499/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">29</figureCitation>
|
||
); terminal apophysis complex, with a basal prong pointed and the distal lobe rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A6DFF8BFFA5FABAF42D99FA95C1" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 27" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1263,1286]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1241]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1242]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 27. Alpaida penca n. sp., left palp. 25, Ventral; 26, retrolateral; 27, prolateral. (A, terminal apophysis; C, conductor; E, embolus; M, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; R, radix; T, tegulum; Y, cymbium; *, distal lobe of terminal apophysis; +, basal prong of terminal apophysis). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286498/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">Figs. 25, 27</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A6DFF8BFFA5FF43F4F6984795C1" box="[193,267,1920,1944]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 33" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1702,1725]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,1680]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,267,1681]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 33. Alpaida penca n. sp., left palp. 28 – 30, Expanded (28, prolateral-dorsal; 29, ventral-basal; 30, retrolateral). 31 – 33, Palp sclerites in SEM images (A, terminal apophysis; E, embolus; H, hematodocha; M, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; R, radix; T, tegulum; Y, cymbium; *, distal lobe of terminal apophysis; +, basal prong of terminal apophysis). Scale bars: 28 – 30: 0.5 mm; 31 – 32: 0.2 mm; 33: 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286499/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">31, 32</figureCitation>
|
||
); conductor with a point apically directed, behind the curved embolus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A6DFF8BFFA5FBA4F4099DE195C1" box="[1062,1197,1919,1944]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 27" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1263,1286]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1241]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1242]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 27. Alpaida penca n. sp., left palp. 25, Ventral; 26, retrolateral; 27, prolateral. (A, terminal apophysis; C, conductor; E, embolus; M, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; R, radix; T, tegulum; Y, cymbium; *, distal lobe of terminal apophysis; +, basal prong of terminal apophysis). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286498/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">Figs. 25, 27</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A6DFF8BFFA5FB3BF4F69C4E95C1" box="[1209,1282,1920,1944]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 33" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1702,1725]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,1680]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,267,1681]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 33. Alpaida penca n. sp., left palp. 28 – 30, Expanded (28, prolateral-dorsal; 29, ventral-basal; 30, retrolateral). 31 – 33, Palp sclerites in SEM images (A, terminal apophysis; E, embolus; H, hematodocha; M, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; R, radix; T, tegulum; Y, cymbium; *, distal lobe of terminal apophysis; +, basal prong of terminal apophysis). Scale bars: 28 – 30: 0.5 mm; 31 – 32: 0.2 mm; 33: 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286499/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="72">31, 33</figureCitation>
|
||
). Total length 4.93; carapace length 2.47, width 2.07; clypeus height 0.15; sternum length 1.17, width 0.90; abdomen length 2.87, width 1.87, height 1.63. Leg formula I/II/IV/III. Leg lengths (I/II/III/IV): femur 2.13/1.97/1.43/1.83; patella 0.93/ 0.87/0.63/0.77; tibia 1.70/1.37/0.87/1.43; metatarsus 1.43/1.23/0.83/1.40; tarsus 0.83/0.73/0.63/0.70; total leg 7.02/ 6.17/4.39/6.13.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536E8FF88FFA6FF45F3A998589345" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF88FFA6FF45F3A9987792A1" bold="true" box="[199,315,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Carapace length of females varies from 3.29 to 3.47 (n=20), carapace length of males from 2.47 to 2.93 (n=7).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF656660FF88FFA6FF15F5A59A0A951F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286497/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" targetBox="[151,1436,337,1725]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536E8FF88FFA6FF15F5A59A0A951F" blockId="6.[151,1436,1747,1862]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF88FFA6FF15F5A5981494B0" bold="true" box="[151,344,1747,1770]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">FIGURES 19–24.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D6BFF88FFA6FEE0F5A298B594B3" box="[354,505,1748,1770]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Alpaida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF88FFA6FEE0F5A298B594B3" box="[354,505,1748,1770]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">Alpaida penca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF88FFA6FD86F5A29B0E94B0" bold="true" box="[516,578,1748,1769]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25D5781FF88FFA6FD86F5A29B0E94B0" box="[516,578,1748,1769]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, female holotype and male paratype. 19, Female habitus, lateral view. 20, Male carapace, frontal view. 21–24, Female genitalia (21, epigynum ventral; 22, epigynum digested ventral; 23, same posterior; 24, digested vulva, anterior view). (FD, fertilization ducts; ML, median lobe; PM, posterior margin; PMP, posterior median plate; S, spermatheca). Scale bars: 19: 2 mm; 20: 0.5 mm; 21-24: 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF656660FF89FFA7FF15F7999A16971B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286498/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1241]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536E8FF89FFA7FF15F7999A16971B" blockId="7.[151,1435,1263,1346]" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF89FFA7FF15F7999814975D" bold="true" box="[151,344,1263,1286]" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">FIGURES 25–27.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D6BFF89FFA7FEE0F79998B4975F" box="[354,504,1263,1286]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Alpaida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="penca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF89FFA7FEE0F79998B4975F" box="[354,504,1263,1286]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">Alpaida penca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF89FFA7FD81F7869B0C975C" bold="true" box="[515,576,1264,1285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25D5781FF89FFA7FD81F7869B0C975C" box="[515,576,1264,1285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, left palp. 25, Ventral; 26, retrolateral; 27, prolateral. (A, terminal apophysis; C, conductor; E, embolus; M, median apophysis; P, paracymbium; R, radix; T, tegulum; Y, cymbium; *, distal lobe of terminal apophysis; +, basal prong of terminal apophysis). Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536E8FF89FFA7FF45F61C99AC9426" blockId="7.[151,1436,1386,1699]" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF89FFA7FF45F61C98C097DA" bold="true" box="[199,396,1386,1411]" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
These spiders build a vertical orb-web in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D6BFF89FFA7FC1FF61D9A9297DA" box="[925,990,1387,1411]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">agave</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants –
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D6BFF89FFA7FBC9F61D9C5B97DB" box="[1099,1303,1387,1410]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF89FFA7FBC9F61D9C5B97DB" box="[1099,1303,1387,1410]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">Agave americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (subsp.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D6BFF89FFA7FF15F6F9984397FF" box="[151,271,1423,1446]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF89FFA7FF15F6F9984397FF" box="[151,271,1423,1446]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">americana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D6BFF89FFA7FEA5F6F99BC997FE" authority="(Jacobi) Gentry" authorityName="(Jacobi) Gentry" box="[295,645,1422,1447]" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" rank="variety" variety="expansa">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF89FFA7FEE2F6F998F097FF" box="[352,444,1423,1446]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">expansa</emphasis>
|
||
(Jacobi) Gentry
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–, where they cohabit with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D6BFF89FFA7FC5CF6F89CDB97FE" authority="Keyserling, 1865" authorityName="Keyserling" authorityYear="1865" box="[990,1431,1422,1447]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meropes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF89FFA7FC5CF6F89DE597FF" box="[990,1193,1422,1446]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">Araneus meropes</emphasis>
|
||
(Keyserling, 1865)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, registered already in a great variety of habitats, conditions and locations (along roads for example) (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B19FF89FFA7FA99F6C49CD49792" author="Levi" box="[1307,1432,1458,1483]" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" refString="Levi, H. W. (1991) The Neotropical and Mexican species of the orb-weaver genera Araneus, Dubiepeira, and Aculepeira (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of comparative Zoology, 152, 167 - 315." type="journal article" year="1991">Levi, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 224) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D6BFF89FFA7FE86F6A19B3097B6" authority="Piel, 2001" authorityName="Piel" authorityYear="2001" box="[260,636,1494,1519]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Metepeira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cajabamba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF89FFA7FE86F6A198B197B7" box="[260,509,1494,1518]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">Metepeira cajabamba</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B19FF89FFA7FD87F6A09B3097B6" author="Piel" box="[517,636,1494,1519]" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" refString="Piel, W. H. (2001) The Systematics of Neotropical Orb-weaving Spiders in the Genus Metepeira (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of theMuseum of comparative Zoology, 157, 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="2001">Piel, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, that occurs from near sea level to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B0DFF89FFA7FB93F6A09D2397B6" box="[1041,1135,1494,1519]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" unit="m" value="3500.0">3500 m</quantity>
|
||
.a.s.l., in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30D7678FF89FFA7FB53F6A09C6297B6" box="[1233,1326,1494,1519]" name="Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30D7678FF89FFA7FAEBF6A19CD097B7" box="[1385,1436,1495,1518]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B19FF89FFA7FF1DF68C985B944A" author="Piel" box="[159,279,1530,1555]" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" refString="Piel, W. H. (2001) The Systematics of Neotropical Orb-weaving Spiders in the Genus Metepeira (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of theMuseum of comparative Zoology, 157, 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="2001">Piel, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The highlands of Cajamarca, where the specimens were collected, are semi-arid, with mild weather, dry and sunny in the day and cold at night, with pronounced rainfall between December and March.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D6BFF89FFA7FA8BF5699C1E946E" box="[1289,1362,1567,1591]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Agave" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Agave</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants are evergreen, succulent and with spiny edges, introduced in the country in pre-Columbian times (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B19FF89FFA7FA85F53499989426" author="Pino-Infante" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" refString="Pino-Infante, G. (2006) Estado actual de las Suculentas en el Peru. Zonas Aridas, 10, 155 - 173." type="journal article" year="2006">Pino-Infante, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3006563FF89FFA7FF45F5FC9B6494FA" box="[199,552,1674,1699]" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536E8FF89FFA7FF45F5FC9B6494FA" blockId="7.[151,1436,1386,1699]" box="[199,552,1674,1699]" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAFAFF89FFA7FF45F5FC982C94FA" bold="true" box="[199,352,1674,1699]" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30D7678FF89FFA7FEE5F5FD98D194FB" box="[359,413,1675,1698]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Cajamarca.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |