472 lines
54 KiB
XML
472 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="FE7306A3C546A1533BDB4BB188B9AA0E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.187915" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6e1d1698-2f3d-4499-af71-bda4588c41a7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="187915" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461076224023" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vikberg, Veli & Liston, Andrew D." docDate="2009" docId="03B387EAFF89FFAC6BBFFD1F7EC705A8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02112p024.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2112" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Heptamelus dahlbomi Thomson 1870" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FF8AFF92FF8AFFAA6B28FFAA7C390773" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and biology of European Heptamelini (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, Selandriinae)" masterLastPageNumber="24" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698586482853" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="371BA07AC610AA9931E35D6ED64FCB66">Taxonomy and biology of European Heptamelini (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, Selandriinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A7C5CF4AEDC516AFB02C16184F7D244B">Vikberg, Veli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C6F88BEADB477E95FDF266496B5EA8EE">Liston, Andrew D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3345F9FF1D09C034B8FF3336A480AC86">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0FC57BA7F033979D9AF61E6A2C311F7D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6423961E84169406D6C800CB9E467BC1">2009</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03B387EAFF89FFAC6BBFFD1F7EC705A8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679677" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119617796" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5679677" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387EAFF89FFAC6BBFFD1F7EC705A8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387EAFF89FFAC6BBFFD1F7EC705A8" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection id="C3006577FF89FFA96BBFFD1F7EE005BC" box="[151,729,693,719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF89FFA96BBFFD1F7EE005BC" blockId="3.[151,729,693,719]" box="[151,729,693,719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<heading id="D0ED8190FF89FFA96BBFFD1F7EE005BC" bold="true" box="[151,729,693,719]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF89FFA96BBFFD1F7EE005BC" bold="true" box="[151,729,693,719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF89FFA96BBFFD1F7E4305BC" authority="Thomson, 1870" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,634,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Heptamelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dahlbomi">
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||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF89FFA96BBFFD1F7D9805BC" bold="true" box="[151,417,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Heptamelus dahlbomi</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0DFF89FFA96A98FD1F7E4805BC" author="Thomson" box="[432,625,693,719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" refString="Thomson, C. G. (1870) Ofversigt af Sveriges Tenthrediner. Opuscula Entomologica, 2, 261 - 304." type="journal article" year="1870">Thomson, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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||
sp. rev.
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3006577FF89FFA96BBFFD54786204C6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF89FFA96BBFFD547D270426" blockId="3.[151,1436,766,949]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0A11D2FF89FFA96BBFFD547D270426" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF89FFA96BBFFD547EBD0466" ID-CoL="62JHG" authority="Dahlbomi Thomson, 1870: 270" authorityName="Dahlbomi Thomson" authorityPageNumber="270" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,644,766,789]" class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Caenoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF89FFA96BBFFD547DA80466" box="[151,401,766,789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Caenoneura Dahlbomi</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABB10EDFF89FFA96AB4FD547EBD0466" author="Thomson" box="[412,644,766,789]" page="270" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1870">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0DFF89FFA96AB4FD547E720466" author="Thomson" box="[412,587,766,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" refString="Thomson, C. G. (1870) Ofversigt af Sveriges Tenthrediner. Opuscula Entomologica, 2, 261 - 304." type="journal article" year="1870">Thomson, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 270
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
–271. Female,
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<typeStatus id="54A1885EFF89FFA96802FD547F440466" box="[810,893,766,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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||
series,
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||
<typeStatus id="54A1885EFF89FFA968FFFD54783C0466" box="[983,1029,766,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
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||
locality:
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<collectingCountry id="F30D766CFF89FFA96F5BFD5478F30466" box="[1139,1226,766,789]" name="Sweden" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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, Scania, “Sällsynt; funnen af Prof. Dahlbom vid Sandhammaren i Skåne” [Rare; found by Prof. Dahlbom near Sandhammaren in Scania].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF89FFA96BBFFCF47ED30406" blockId="3.[151,1436,766,949]" box="[151,746,862,885]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0A11D2FF89FFA96BBFFCF47ED30406" box="[151,746,862,885]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF89FFA96BBFFCF47DBC0406" box="[151,389,862,885]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Coenoneura
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF89FFA96A09FCF47DBC0406" authority="Cameron 1878: 22" authorityName="Cameron" authorityPageNumber="22" authorityYear="1878" box="[289,389,862,885]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Heptamelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dahlbomi">dahlbomi</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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||
:
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABB10EDFF89FFA96ABCFCF47E640406" author="Cameron" box="[404,605,862,885]" page="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1878">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0DFF89FFA96ABCFCF47E0C0406" author="Cameron" box="[404,565,862,885]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" refString="Cameron, P. (1878) The fauna of Scotland, with special reference to Clydesdale and the Western District. Hymenoptera. Part I. Proceedings of the Natural History Society of Glasgow, 3 [1875 - 1878], supplement, 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="1878">
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<collectingCountry id="F30D766CFF89FFA96ABCFCF47DCF0406" box="[404,502,862,885]" name="Cameroon" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cameron</collectingCountry>
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1878
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 22
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, misspelling.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF89FFA96BBFFCD4780204E6" blockId="3.[151,1436,766,949]" box="[151,1083,894,917]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0A11D2FF89FFA96BBFFCD4780204E6" box="[151,1083,894,917]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF89FFA96BBFFCD47DBC04E6" box="[151,389,894,917]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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||
Coenoneura
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF89FFA96A09FCD47DBC04E6" authority="Cameron 1882a: 272" authorityName="Cameron" authorityPageNumber="272" authorityYear="1882" box="[289,389,894,917]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Heptamelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dahlbomi">dahlbomi</taxonomicName>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
:
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB10EDFF89FFA96ABCFCD47E4E04E6" author="Cameron" box="[404,631,894,917]" page="272" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1882">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0DFF89FFA96ABCFCD47E7804E6" author="Cameron" box="[404,577,894,917]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" refString="Cameron, P. (1882 a) Notes on Tenthredinidae. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 18, 271 - 272." type="journal article" year="1882" yearSuffix="a">
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||
<collectingCountry id="F30D766CFF89FFA96ABCFCD47DCF04E6" box="[404,502,894,917]" name="Cameroon" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cameron</collectingCountry>
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||
1882a
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 272
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF89FFA96804FCD4780D04E6" box="[812,1076,894,917]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Heptamelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochroleucus">
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||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF89FFA96804FCD4780D04E6" box="[812,1076,894,917]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Heptamelus ochroleucus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF89FFA96BBFFC34786204C6" blockId="3.[151,1436,766,949]" box="[151,1115,926,949]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF89FFA96BBFFC347EB704C6" authority="Shaw & Bailey 1991" authorityName="Shaw & Bailey" authorityYear="1991" box="[151,654,926,949]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Heptamelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochroleucus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF89FFA96BBFFC347DA704C6" box="[151,414,926,949]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Heptamelus ochroleucus</emphasis>
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||
:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0DFF89FFA96A84FC347EB704C6" author="Shaw" box="[428,654,926,949]" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" refString="Shaw, M. R. & Bailey, M. (1991) Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Pteromalidae) and notes on the biology of the fern-boring sawfly Heptamelus ochroleucus (Stephens) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in the English Lake District. Entomologist, 110, 103 - 109." type="journal article" year="1991">Shaw & Bailey 1991</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, misidentification: biology and parasitoids.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3006577FF89FFAE6BBFFC4F7FCC07AB" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF89FFA96BBFFC4F7FF7033F" blockId="3.[151,1437,997,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF89FFA96BBFFC4F7F25048C" bold="true" box="[151,796,997,1023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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||
Notes on original description and
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||
<typeStatus id="54A1885EFF89FFA96949FC4F7EA2048C" box="[609,667,997,1023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
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||
material.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
The original description of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF89FFA96FACFC4F79A4048D" box="[1156,1437,997,1022]" class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Caenoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dahlbomi">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF89FFA96FACFC4F79A4048D" box="[1156,1437,997,1022]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Caenoneura dahlbomi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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mentions the body colour as almost entirely black, with the scape and pedicel pale (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0DFF89FFA96F57FBA679790355" author="Thomson" box="[1151,1344,1036,1062]" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" refString="Thomson, C. G. (1870) Ofversigt af Sveriges Tenthrediner. Opuscula Entomologica, 2, 261 - 304." type="journal article" year="1870">Thomson, 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These characters are considered diagnostic for
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF89FFA96947FB987F3B0338" box="[623,770,1074,1099]" class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Caenoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dahlbomi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF89FFA96947FB987F3B0338" box="[623,770,1074,1099]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">H. dahlbomi</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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(see key, above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF89FFA96BEDFBF37F74027D" blockId="3.[151,1437,997,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0DFF89FFA96BEDFBF37DB30300" author="Thomson" box="[197,394,1113,1139]" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" refString="Thomson, C. G. (1871) Hymenoptera Scandinaviae. I. Tenthredo et Sirex Lin. H. Olsson, Lundae, 342 pp." type="book" year="1871">Thomson (1871)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
repeats his
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0DFF89FFA9693FFBF37E6B0300" author="Thomson" box="[535,594,1113,1139]" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" refString="Thomson, C. G. (1870) Ofversigt af Sveriges Tenthrediner. Opuscula Entomologica, 2, 261 - 304." type="journal article" year="1870">1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF89FFA9682CFBF378350301" box="[772,1036,1113,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Caenoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dahlbomi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF89FFA9682CFBF378350301" box="[772,1036,1113,1138]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Caenoneura dahlbomi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
nearly unaltered, but adds a short description of what is here considered to be the female
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF89FFA96812FB2A7FC803EA" box="[826,1009,1152,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Heptamelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochroleucus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF89FFA96812FB2A7FC803EA" box="[826,1009,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">H. ochroleucus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a “variety”, characterized by its entirely black antennae, and more extensively pale marked thorax and abdomen.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0DFF89FFA96F7AFB0C791B03B3" author="Cameron" box="[1106,1314,1190,1216]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" refString="Cameron, P. (1882 b) A Monograph of the British Phytophagous Hymenoptera. (Tenthredo, Sirex and Cynips, Linne). Ray Society, London, 1, 340 pp. + 21 plates." type="book" year="1882" yearSuffix="b">
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||
<collectingCountry id="F30D766CFF89FFA96F7AFB0C788703B3" box="[1106,1214,1190,1216]" name="Cameroon" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cameron</collectingCountry>
|
||
(1882b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
adopted a similar approach and mentions two “varieties” of female, but referred to the species as
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF89FFA96E2DFB677D1C027E" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Heptamelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochroleucus">
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||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF89FFA96E2DFB677D1C027E" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Heptamelus ochroleucus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF89FFA96A9AFB5E7E7B027E" box="[434,578,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Caenoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dahlbomi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF89FFA96A9AFB5E7E7B027E" box="[434,578,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C. dahlbomi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as its junior synonym.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF89FFA96BEDFAB07F1B016F" blockId="3.[151,1437,997,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
None of the specimens in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0BAE39FF89FFA96ADBFAB07E7F0247" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34994" box="[499,582,1306,1332]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34994" name="Lund University" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MZLU</collectionCode>
|
||
can be regarded as a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A1885EFF89FFA96817FAB07FA30247" box="[831,922,1306,1332]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF89FFA968E8FAB178FE0247" box="[960,1223,1307,1332]" class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Caenoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dahlbomi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF89FFA968E8FAB178FE0247" box="[960,1223,1307,1332]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Caenoneura dahlbomi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because the label data (locality, collector) do not agree with those published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0DFF89FFA96884FAEB78B80228" author="Thomson" box="[940,1153,1345,1371]" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" refString="Thomson, C. G. (1870) Ofversigt af Sveriges Tenthrediner. Opuscula Entomologica, 2, 261 - 304." type="journal article" year="1870">Thomson (1870)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. A single female from Ringsjön,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30D766CFF89FFA96A39FAC27D4B02F1" box="[273,370,1384,1410]" name="Sweden" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
, apparently determined as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF89FFA96999FAC27F7D02F2" box="[689,836,1384,1409]" class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Caenoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dahlbomi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF89FFA96999FAC27F7D02F2" box="[689,836,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C. dahlbomi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Thomson, belongs to
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF89FFA96F5CFAC2790902F2" box="[1140,1328,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF89FFA96F5CFAC2791502F2" box="[1140,1324,1384,1409]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Heptamelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochroleucus">H. ochroleucus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Possibly this is the specimen on which
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0DFF89FFA9691BFA247F2B02DB" author="Thomson" box="[563,786,1422,1448]" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" refString="Thomson, C. G. (1871) Hymenoptera Scandinaviae. I. Tenthredo et Sirex Lin. H. Olsson, Lundae, 342 pp." type="book" year="1871">Thomson (1871)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based his description of the “variety”. J. Ferrer (Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm) informs us (pers. comm.) that neither of the two specimens under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF89FFA96A39FA767DF70286" box="[273,462,1500,1525]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Heptamelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochroleucus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF89FFA96A39FA767DF70286" box="[273,462,1500,1525]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">H. ochroleucus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Stockholm collection can be regarded as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A1885EFF89FFA96F03FA7678490285" box="[1067,1136,1500,1526]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">types</typeStatus>
|
||
, because these are from localities other than that published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0DFF89FFA9697EF9A87F27016F" author="Thomson" box="[598,798,1538,1564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="23" refString="Thomson, C. G. (1870) Ofversigt af Sveriges Tenthrediner. Opuscula Entomologica, 2, 261 - 304." type="journal article" year="1870">Thomson (1870)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF89FFA96BEDF9837F0001E3" blockId="3.[151,1437,997,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
We refrain for the present from designating a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A1885EFF89FFA969C2F9837F710130" box="[746,840,1577,1603]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF89FFA96853F98378280131" box="[891,1041,1577,1602]" class="Insecta" family="Scenopinidae" genus="Caenoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dahlbomi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF89FFA96853F98378280131" box="[891,1041,1577,1602]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">H. dahlbomi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because the original description clearly characterizes this species and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A1885EFF89FFA96962F9FA7E890119" box="[586,688,1616,1642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
may still be located in other European museums where material collected by Dahlbom is deposited (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0DFF89FFA96942F9DC7F1401E3" author="Horn" box="[618,813,1654,1680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="22" refString="Horn, W., Kahle, I., Friese, G. & Gaedike, R. (1990) Collectiones entomologicae. Ein Kompendium uber den Verbleib entomologischer Sammlungen der Welt bis 1960. Teil I: A bis K. Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, Berlin, 220 pp." type="book" year="1990">Horn et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF89FFA96BEEF93778B601C4" blockId="3.[151,1437,997,2028]" box="[198,1167,1693,1719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF89FFA96BEEF9377E3801C4" bold="true" box="[198,513,1693,1719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Re-description [
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A79FF89FFA96AA5F9377DC001C4" box="[397,505,1693,1719]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1700,1724]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,271,1677]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,271,1679]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Heptamelus dahlbomi (Thomson), Ψ (Germany, Bavarian Forest National Park, leg. G. Merkel-Wallner). 1, whole insect, lateral; 2, head, dorsal; 3, sawsheath, lateral; 4, sawsheath, dorsal; 5, lancet, apex; 6, lancet; 7, clypeus. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187916/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 1–7</figureCitation>
|
||
]
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(see key above and the following supplementary notes)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF89FFA96BEDF96E7F1901AD" blockId="3.[151,1437,997,2028]" box="[197,800,1732,1758]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Body length:
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B19FF89FFA96A4CF96E7DCB01AD" box="[356,498,1732,1758]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="4.55" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="3.6">3.6–5.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 54 Finnish females).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF89FFA96BEDF9407F6100EC" blockId="3.[151,1437,997,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Clypeus flat (i.e. with lateral edge in same plane as central part; view from side!) or even slightly concave, with centre depressed; front margin with shallow, triangular medial emargination (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A79FF89FFA96F70F8BB78990058" box="[1112,1184,1809,1835]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1700,1724]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,271,1677]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,271,1679]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Heptamelus dahlbomi (Thomson), Ψ (Germany, Bavarian Forest National Park, leg. G. Merkel-Wallner). 1, whole insect, lateral; 2, head, dorsal; 3, sawsheath, lateral; 4, sawsheath, dorsal; 5, lancet, apex; 6, lancet; 7, clypeus. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187916/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
); black. Labrum dark brown or infuscate (but often hidden under clypeus). Mesopleuron entirely black; upper half of mesepisternum with fine punctures of regular size and distribution. Lancet (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A79FF89FFA96F02F8F478A1000B" box="[1066,1176,1886,1912]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1700,1724]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,271,1677]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,271,1679]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Heptamelus dahlbomi (Thomson), Ψ (Germany, Bavarian Forest National Park, leg. G. Merkel-Wallner). 1, whole insect, lateral; 2, head, dorsal; 3, sawsheath, lateral; 4, sawsheath, dorsal; 5, lancet, apex; 6, lancet; 7, clypeus. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187916/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 5, 6</figureCitation>
|
||
): 13 annuli; denticles occupying only about half width of basal or medial annulus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF89FFAE6BEDF8017FCC07AB" blockId="3.[151,1437,997,2028]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,152,216]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF89FFA96BEDF8017D6900B6" bold="true" box="[197,336,1963,1989]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Variability</emphasis>
|
||
. 7 or 8 antennomeres. Extent of pale (whitish) areas on scape and pedicel variable; both usually paler than flagellum, but occasionally only scape paler. Forewing stigma in two Canadian specimens largely pale, but pronounced black stripe present on anterior edge and posterior of disc slightly infuscate. This difference may however only be related to age or treatment of specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF656674FF8EFFAE6BBFF90E7D400072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187916/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[151,1436,271,1677]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF8EFFAE6BBFF90E7D400072" blockId="4.[151,1437,1700,1793]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8EFFAE6BBFF90E7D7B01CF" bold="true" box="[151,322,1700,1724]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURES 1–7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF8EFFAE6A60F90F7E8801CF" authority="Thomson" authorityName="Thomson" box="[328,689,1701,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Heptamelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dahlbomi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8EFFAE6A60F90F7E0B01CF" box="[328,562,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Heptamelus dahlbomi</emphasis>
|
||
(Thomson)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Ψ (Germany, Bavarian Forest National Park, leg. G. Merkel-Wallner). 1, whole insect, lateral; 2, head, dorsal; 3, sawsheath, lateral; 4, sawsheath, dorsal; 5, lancet, apex; 6, lancet; 7, clypeus. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3006577FF8EFFAF6BEDF8857F0F057D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF8EFFAF6BEDF88578AA0655" blockId="4.[151,1437,1839,2020]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8EFFAE6BEDF8857D6A003A" bold="true" box="[197,339,1839,1865]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
The nominal taxa described by various authors from the Eastern Palaearctic require revision. Many are known only from single specimens or small series of only one sex. The association of sexes may in some cases be wrong. Two of these species seem to resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF8EFFAE6847F8D7783B00E5" box="[879,1026,1917,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Heptamelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dahlbomi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8EFFAE6847F8D7783B00E5" box="[879,1026,1917,1942]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">H. dahlbomi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
more closely than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF8EFFAE6FCAF8D779AD00E5" box="[1250,1428,1917,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Heptamelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochroleucus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8EFFAE6FCAF8D779AD00E5" box="[1250,1428,1917,1942]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">H. ochroleucus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because of their dark colouration and weakly or finely punctured mesopleuron (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0DFF8EFFAE6F86F80E795F00CD" author="Malaise" box="[1198,1382,1956,1982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" refString="Malaise, R. (1961) New Oriental Saw-Flies (Hymen. Tenthr.). Entomologisk Tidskrift, 82, 231 - 260." type="journal article" year="1961">Malaise 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF8EFFAE6E56F80E7DCD0097" authority="Malaise, 1931" authorityName="Malaise" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Heptamelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnocularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8EFFAE6E56F80E7D070097" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">H. magnocularis</emphasis>
|
||
Malaise, 1931
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(described from Kamchatka, both sexes:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0DFF8EFFAE68DCF86078900097" author="Malaise" box="[1012,1193,1994,2020]" pageId="4" pageNumber="23" refString="Malaise, R. (1931 a) Entomologische Ergebnisse der schwedischen Kamtchatka Expedition 1920 - 1922. (35. Tenthredinidae). [Separatum]. Arkiv for Zoologie, 23 A (8), 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1931" yearSuffix="a">Malaise 1931a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF8EFFAF6FC6F8617D7D07C1" authority="Malaise, 1931" authorityName="Malaise" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Heptamelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ussuriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8EFFAE6FC6F86179A50097" box="[1262,1436,1995,2020]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">H. ussuriensis</emphasis>
|
||
Malaise, 1931
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(described from Vladivostok Area, female only:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0DFF8FFFAF68B7FF32786E07C1" author="Malaise" box="[927,1111,152,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" refString="Malaise, R. (1931 b) Blattwespen aus Wladiwostock und anderen Teilen Ostasiens. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 52, 97 - 159." type="journal article" year="1931" yearSuffix="b">Malaise 1931b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Should
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF8FFFAF6FE3FF32795A07C2" box="[1227,1379,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Heptamelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dahlbomi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8FFFAF6FE3FF32795A07C2" box="[1227,1379,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. dahlbomi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also occur in the East Palaearctic, it must be borne in mind that populations may occur which contain males. Even if one of the East Asian taxa is later found to be conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF8FFFAF6889FF4F780C078D" box="[929,1077,229,254]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Heptamelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dahlbomi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8FFFAF6889FF4F780C078D" box="[929,1077,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. dahlbomi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the European population will retain the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF8FFFAF6A7BFEA67DDC0656" box="[339,485,268,293]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Heptamelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dahlbomi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8FFFAF6A7BFEA67DDC0656" box="[339,485,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. dahlbomi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because it is the second oldest species name in the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF8FFFAF6BEDFE987F0F057D" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8FFFAF6BEDFE987D02063F" bold="true" box="[197,315,306,332]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sex ratio</emphasis>
|
||
. Male unknown.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0DFF8FFFAF693EFE987F14063F" author="Shaw" box="[534,813,306,332]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" refString="Shaw, M. R. & Bailey, M. (1991) Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Pteromalidae) and notes on the biology of the fern-boring sawfly Heptamelus ochroleucus (Stephens) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in the English Lake District. Entomologist, 110, 103 - 109." type="journal article" year="1991">Shaw & Bailey (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reared
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD75FF8FFFAF68A4FE98782E063F" box="[908,1047,306,332]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="female">32 females</specimenCount>
|
||
, 27 of which were deposited in RSME and are now determined as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF8FFFAF6968FEF37EE10601" box="[576,728,345,370]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Heptamelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dahlbomi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8FFFAF6968FEF37EE10601" box="[576,728,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. dahlbomi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Observations by VV in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30D766CFF8FFFAF6F22FEF3785F0600" box="[1034,1126,345,371]" name="Finland" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(below) and D. R. Smith (pers. comm.) in North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30D766CFF8FFFAF6A98FE2A7E2C06E9" box="[432,533,384,410]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
also indicate that this species is parthenogenetic. Furthermore, no European males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF8FFFAF6A2EFE0D7DAC06B3" box="[262,405,423,448]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Heptamelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8FFFAF6A2EFE0D7DAC06B3" box="[262,405,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Heptamelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been seen which exhibit characters diagnostic for the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF8FFFAF6FCDFE0D79A506B3" box="[1253,1436,423,448]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Heptamelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochroleucus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8FFFAF6FCDFE0D79A506B3" box="[1253,1436,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. ochroleucus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g. shape of clypeus, puncturation of mesepisternum, darkened stigma of forewing) or which can be separated in any other way from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF8FFFAF6955FE5E7F16057E" box="[637,815,500,525]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Heptamelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochroleucus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8FFFAF6955FE5E7F16057E" box="[637,815,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. ochroleucus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3006577FF8FFFAC6BEDFDB07EC705A8" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF8FFFAF6BEDFDB07F150528" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8FFFAF6BEDFDB07D740547" bold="true" box="[197,333,538,564]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Hostplants</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF8FFFAF6A74FDB07E620540" box="[348,603,538,563]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Athyriaceae" genus="Athyrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="filix-femina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8FFFAF6A74FDB07E620540" box="[348,603,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Athyrium filix-femina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Roth (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF8FFFAF69CAFDB07FB80547" box="[738,897,538,564]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Woodsiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Woodsiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0DFF8FFFAF68B1FDB079B60547" author="Shaw" box="[921,1423,538,564]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" refString="Shaw, M. R. & Bailey, M. (1991) Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Pteromalidae) and notes on the biology of the fern-boring sawfly Heptamelus ochroleucus (Stephens) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in the English Lake District. Entomologist, 110, 103 - 109." type="journal article" year="1991">Shaw & Bailey 1991; observations below</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but possibly also other ferns (see under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF8FFFAF6941FDEB7F220529" box="[617,795,577,602]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Heptamelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochroleucus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8FFFAF6941FDEB7F220529" box="[617,795,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. ochroleucus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF8FFFAF6BEDFDCD7CCA0430" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8FFFAF6BEDFDCD7DC505F2" bold="true" box="[197,508,615,641]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Observations on biology.</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<date id="FFA4103CFF8FFFAF690DFDC27EEF05F1" box="[549,726,616,642]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2000" valueMax="2001">2000 and 2001</date>
|
||
a rather large population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF8FFFAF6F01FDC2791405F2" box="[1065,1325,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Heptamelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dahlbomi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8FFFAF6F01FDC2791405F2" box="[1065,1325,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Heptamelus dahlbomi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurred in the grove of Hangastenmäki; a moist, deciduous wood with numerous fern species, but dominated by the lady fern (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF8FFFAF6A3AFD1F7E3705BD" box="[274,526,693,718]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Athyriaceae" genus="Athyrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="filix-femina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8FFFAF6A3AFD1F7E3705BD" box="[274,526,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Athyrium filix-femina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Females in flight were netted, or swept from lady fern, from end of May to mid June. Two females were used for oviposition experiments on potted
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF8FFFAF6F30FD7678F10586" box="[1048,1224,732,757]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Athyriaceae" genus="Athyrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="filix-femina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8FFFAF6F30FD7678F10586" box="[1048,1224,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. filix-femina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
brought indoors. Plants were then searched for signs of larval feeding, leaf petioles opened and larvae and their feeding traces studied.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF8FFFAF6BEDFCE57E7C041A" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" box="[197,581,847,873]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8FFFAF6BEDFCE57E7C041A" bold="true" box="[197,581,847,873]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Oviposition experiments (OE):</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF8FFFAF6BEDFCDC7CCD0321" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
OE 11/00: On
|
||
<date id="FFA4103CFF8FFFAF6A50FCDC7DF304E3" box="[376,458,886,912]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3 June</date>
|
||
, 2000 1Ψ swept from flowers of
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8FFFAF6877FCDD787904E3" box="[863,1088,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF8FFFAF6877FCDD780404E3" box="[863,1085,887,912]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Sorbus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aucuparia">Sorbus aucuparia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Young lady fern offered, on which she oviposited during the evening of the same day. She first touched the apical, unopened pinnae and upper part of the rachis with her sawsheath tip (or saw tip?), walked down the rachis and then turned, with the head directed upwards and at the level of lower pinnae, and oviposited in sides of convex surface of rachis. Oblique oviposition scars were slightly visible on lateral parts of the rachis. The result of oviposition was not studied.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF8FFFAF6BEDFBF47E1102DD" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
OE 9/01: One small female was caught on
|
||
<date id="FFA4103CFF8FFFAF69E6FBF47F26030B" box="[718,799,1118,1144]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1 June</date>
|
||
, 2001. At 17.00–18.00 local time, she laid an egg or eggs in the petiole below the lowest pinnae laterally and medially in the convex side of petiole. Before oviposition she lightly touched the unopened apical part of the leaf with apex of sawsheath or tip of saw. Oviposition lasted 10–15 min. On 10.6. signs of feeding were visible on upper part of petiole; there were 4–5 broader, translucent areas of feeding and between them narrow, darker areas of intact petiole. On 12.6. petiole
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B19FF8FFFAF6BBFFA8A7CE60249" box="[151,223,1312,1338]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="cm" value="14.0">14 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, of which upper
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B19FF8FFFAF6AF7FA8A7E1C0249" box="[479,549,1312,1338]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="cm" value="11.0">11 cm</quantity>
|
||
mostly dried and brown. Feeding area had extended further downwards and only
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B19FF8FFFAF6BFCFAEC7D360213" box="[212,271,1350,1376]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
of base remained entire. On 15.6. petiole was opened; one larva about
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B19FF8FFFAF6F4FFAEC78950213" box="[1127,1196,1350,1376]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long situated rather basally, with brownish head and reddish-violet body. Indoors, development of the larva was rapid; taking 15 days from egg to full grown larva.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF8FFFAF6BEDFA107F1702A7" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" box="[197,814,1466,1492]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8FFFAF6BEDFA107F1702A7" bold="true" box="[197,814,1466,1492]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Observations on larvae under natural conditions:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF8FFFAF6BEDFA4B7FE1011C" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<date id="FFA4103CFF8FFFAF6BEDFA4B7D780288" box="[197,321,1505,1531]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2000-06-24">24.6.2000</date>
|
||
: two larvae were found in lower part of the same leaf petiole. A whitish parasitoid larva was attached to underside of abdomen of upper larva. Lower larva
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B19FF8FFFAF685EF9A27FE60151" box="[886,991,1544,1570]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="10.5">10.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, eating towards the petiole base. The leaf-blade was withered, brownish. Bodies of larvae grey, turning white in alcohol. Head capsules of two exuviae were found; they showed a distinctive pattern of pigmentation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF8FFFAF6BEDF9D67D2A000D" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<date id="FFA4103CFF8FFFAF6BEDF9D67D7801E5" box="[197,321,1660,1686]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2000-06-26">26.6.2000</date>
|
||
: about
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD75FF8FFFAF6ABFF9D67E3C01E5" box="[407,517,1660,1686]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="larva">20 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
were taken from opened leaf petioles; the smallest were whitish, larger ones greyish and the largest violet-grey. Mostly one larva was found in one petiole but sometimes two fed in the same petiole. Feeding area usually begins below the lowest pinnae in uppermost part of petiole. Two larvae carried an external parasitoid wasp larva. In lower parts of leaf petioles a distinct, regular “zebra” pattern of feeding traces is found. If the petioles are opened and spread, within a length of
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B19FF8FFFAF6F17F8BC78400043" box="[1087,1145,1814,1840]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
some 19 dark transverse areas (each less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B19FF8FFFAF6AA3F8977DF70024" box="[395,462,1853,1879]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long) and some 18 pale areas (each about
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B19FF8FFFAF6892F8977FC70024" box="[954,1022,1853,1879]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long) are seen. The larvae were put in alcohol.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF8FFFAC6BEDF8217ED7078C" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,152,731]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<date id="FFA4103CFF8FFFAF6BEDF8217D6900D6" box="[197,336,1931,1957]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2000-11-22">22.11.2000</date>
|
||
: lower parts of leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF8FFFAF69ABF8217FBF00D7" box="[643,902,1931,1956]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Athyriaceae" genus="Athyrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="filix-femina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8FFFAF69ABF8217FBF00D7" box="[643,902,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Athyrium filix-femina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected and on
|
||
<date id="FFA4103CFF8FFFAF6F89F821793300D6" box="[1185,1290,1931,1957]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2001-01-04">4.1.2001</date>
|
||
a female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF8FFFAF6BBFF81B7EBF00B8" authority="Marshall" authorityName="Marshall" box="[151,646,1969,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Bracon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgatus" subGenus="Orthobracon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8FFFAF6BBFF81B7CD600B9" box="[151,239,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bracon</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8FFFAF6A2AF81B7DA700B9" box="[258,414,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Orthobracon</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8FFFAF6A99F81B7E2A00B9" box="[433,531,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">virgatus</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30D766CFF8FFFAF6933F81B7EBF00B8" box="[539,646,1969,1995]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Marshall</collectingCountry>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
emerged from petioles of the fern. In late summer of 2000 at the locality where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF8FFFAF6A6DF8727DE80082" box="[325,465,2008,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Heptamelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8FFFAF6A6DF8727DE80082" box="[325,465,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Heptamelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae occurred, some females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF8FFFAF684DF8727FDC0082" box="[869,997,2008,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Bracon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8FFFAF684DF8727FDC0082" box="[869,997,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B. virgatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had previously been swept. This was the first record for North Europe of this idiobiont braconid ectoparasitoid, specific to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF8CFFAC6FB5FF32791207C2" box="[1181,1323,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Heptamelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8CFFAC6FB5FF32791207C2" box="[1181,1323,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Heptamelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0DFF8CFFAC6E13FF327D0007AB" author="Shaw" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" refString="Shaw, M. R. & Bailey, M. (1991) Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Pteromalidae) and notes on the biology of the fern-boring sawfly Heptamelus ochroleucus (Stephens) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in the English Lake District. Entomologist, 110, 103 - 109." type="journal article" year="1991">Shaw & Bailey (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reared and recorded it from the English Lake District as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF8CFFAC68FEFF1578B007AB" box="[982,1161,191,216]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Bracon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8CFFAC68FEFF1578B007AB" box="[982,1161,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bracon lineifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
van Achterberg, which was synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF8CFFAC6A83FF4F7E13078D" box="[427,554,229,254]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Bracon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8CFFAC6A83FF4F7E13078D" box="[427,554,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B. virgatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0DFF8CFFAC697EFF4F7ED3078C" author="Papp" box="[598,746,229,255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" refString="Papp, J. (1999) Two new species of Bracon from Britain (Hym., Braconidae, Braconinae). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 135, 145 - 152." type="journal article" year="1999">Papp (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF8CFFAC6BEDFEA6795006B3" blockId="6.[151,1436,152,731]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<date id="FFA4103CFF8CFFAC6BEDFEA67D060655" box="[197,319,268,294]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2001-06-28">28.6.2001</date>
|
||
: 7 petioles of lady fern containing feeding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7FFF8CFFAC6810FEA67FFA0656" box="[824,963,268,293]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Heptamelus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAEEFF8CFFAC6810FEA67FFA0656" box="[824,963,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Heptamelus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae were cut and placed in a glass of water. The feeding progressed downwards. On 1.7. the petioles were opened and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1CFD75FF8CFFAC6F7EFE98788D063F" box="[1110,1204,306,332]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="larva">9 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
were counted. Two petioles contained two larvae each. These were small and white. Larvae occurring singly in a petiole were blue-violet and many of them were full-grown. The length of larvae living singly was
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B19FF8CFFAC6FA6FE2A793B06E9" box="[1166,1282,384,410]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="6.0">6–12 mm</quantity>
|
||
, the width of head approximately 1.0 mm and width of frons approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B19FF8CFFAC685EFE0C7FDB06B3" box="[886,994,422,448]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.60 mm</quantity>
|
||
. All larvae were put into alcohol.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF8CFFAC6BEDFE677EBF057D" blockId="6.[151,1436,152,731]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">The shed larval skins (mostly head capsules) were collected, as far as possible, and the width of the frons measured. The size-classes are as follows:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF8CFFAC6BEDFDB77EB20544" blockId="6.[151,1436,152,731]" box="[197,651,538,567]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
1st instar: frons width
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B19FF8CFFAC6AEBFDB77E150544" box="[451,556,541,567]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.20 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 1),
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF8CFFAC6BEDFDED7EA40512" blockId="6.[151,1436,152,731]" box="[197,669,580,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2nd instar: frons width 0.28–0.33 (n = 3),</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF8CFFAC6BEDFDDB7EA305F8" blockId="6.[151,1436,152,731]" box="[197,666,621,651]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3rd instar: frons width 0.35–0.40 (n = 6),</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF8CFFAC6BEDFD307EA005C7" blockId="6.[151,1436,152,731]" box="[197,665,663,692]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">4th instar: frons width 0.46–0.53 (n = 6).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536FCFF8CFFAC6BEDFD6B7EC705A8" blockId="6.[151,1436,152,731]" box="[197,766,705,731]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">There are thus five larval instars (in female sex).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |