200 lines
28 KiB
XML
200 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="47C78F713E6447441797B2201CA12D92" ID-DOI="10.26879/1220" ID-ISSN="1094-8074" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10962250" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" IM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1712859670786" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Jacisin Iii, John J. & Lawing, A. Michelle" docDate="2024" docId="03B387E8FFA3320784F9FEA998E2FDA6" docLanguage="en" docName="PalaeontolElectron.27.1.a2.pdf" docOrigin="Palaeontologia Electronica (a 2) 27 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1220" docStyle="DocumentStyle:322FC57CC99045555090E8A84CFB029A.4:PalaeontolElectron.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="322FC57CC99045555090E8A84CFB029A" docStyleName="PalaeontolElectron.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Lampropeltis Fitzinger 1843" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FF8AFF90FFA8320B8770FFDA9964FFD9" masterDocTitle="Fossil snakes of the Penny Creek Local Fauna from Webster County, Nebraska, USA, and the first record of snakes from the Early Clarendonian (12.5 - 12 Ma) of North America" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1715215045661" updateUser="admin" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:title id="ACA90E60EBE60590D73F28A905FA5D34">Fossil snakes of the Penny Creek Local Fauna from Webster County, Nebraska, USA, and the first record of snakes from the Early Clarendonian (12.5 - 12 Ma) of North America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EF320144640C4543D2B6FB52694421ED">Jacisin Iii, John J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DD81E2E4A768AA73A37037F91972B137">Lawing, A. Michelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1F230539F2FD5D62D27E53518AD27613">Palaeontologia Electronica</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1336B057BD61294AA170B9ADD6DA39F7">
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<mods:date id="8424E9E1F25622872065D2F6EF3289C1">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="F6E93D0C7052BE32AA07C4C2A3E2727D">a 2</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="C3873B7D807B81EF2A1CC2F487DA9C26">27</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="8D5C39D5BBD2E80F64440533405656A5">http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1220</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="408B5997440C1F0CDFC867419BC0370D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B4D5EA06142F7EB385A1D267AA28AD2F" type="DOI">10.26879/1220</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B7F4C35ABB76C09E70DA59CFE1F6F5B9" type="ISSN">1094-8074</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B387E8FFA3320784F9FEA998E2FDA6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387E8FFA3320784F9FEA998E2FDA6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387E8FFA3320784F9FEA998E2FDA6" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection id="C3006575FFA3320084F9FEA99C3BFE55" box="[905,1375,371,397]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFA3320084F9FEA99C3BFE55" blockId="11.[905,1375,371,397]" box="[905,1375,371,397]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<heading id="D0ED8192FFA3320084F9FEA99C3BFE55" box="[905,1375,371,397]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="2">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA3320084AFFEA99C3BFE55" ID-CoL="62XJG" ID-ENA="94873" authority="Fitzinger, 1843" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[991,1375,371,396]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA3320084AFFEA99DCDFE55" box="[991,1193,371,396]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">LAMPROPELTIS</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA3320083C0FEA99C3BFE55" author="Fitzinger, L." box="[1200,1375,371,396]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref18697" refString="Fitzinger, L. 1843. Systema reptilium. Fasciculus primus. Amblyglossae. Vindobonae. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4694" type="book" year="1843">Fitzinger, 1843</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3006575FFA332008438FE449C5EFBEE" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFA332008438FE449C5EFBEE" blockId="11.[840,1441,414,1911]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA332008438FE449AAAFE6E" bold="true" box="[840,974,414,439]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA3320084A9FE449D15FE6E" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[985,1137,414,439]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA3320084A9FE449D15FE6E" box="[985,1137,414,439]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lampropeltis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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vertebrae are somewhat robust, relatively short, and wide for a colubrine (centrum about as wide as long;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA332008392FE049CF2FE2E" author="Parmley, D." box="[1250,1430,478,503]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="123 - 128" refId="ref21848" refString="Parmley, D. 1987. Lampropeltis similis from the Coffee Ranch local fauna (Hemphillian Land Mammal Age) of Texas. Texas Journal of Science, 39: 123 - 128." type="journal article" year="1987">Parmley, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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), with long neural spines that are moderate to low in height, overhang posteriorly, and are either straight or overhanging anteriorly (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA3320083F3FDE49C33FD8E" author="Auffenberg, W." box="[1155,1367,574,599]" journalOrPublisher="Tulane Studies in Zoology" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="131 - 216" part="10" refId="ref17617" refString="Auffenberg, W. 1963. The fossil snakes of Florida. Tulane Studies in Zoology, 10: 131 - 216. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4641" title="The fossil snakes of Florida" type="book" year="1963">Auffenberg, 1963</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA332008215FDE49AA6FDAE" author="Meylan, P. A." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref21681" refString="Meylan, P. A. 1982. The squamate reptiles of the Inglis IA fauna (Irvingtonian: Citrus County, Florida). Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences, 27: 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1982">Meylan, 1982</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA3320084A6FD849DE8FDAE" author="Parmley, D." box="[982,1164,606,631]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="322 - 327" refId="ref21882" refString="Parmley, D. 1988. Early Hemphillian (late Miocene) snakes from the Higgins local fauna of Lipscomb County, Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 8: 322 - 327. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4523209" type="journal article" year="1988">Parmley, 1988</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA3320083EFFD849C33FDAE" author="Parmley, D." box="[1183,1367,606,631]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="266 - 274" refId="ref21929" refString="Parmley, D. 1990. Late Pleistocene snakes from Fowlkes Cave, Culberson County, Texas. Journal of Herpetology, 24: 266 - 274. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1564393" type="journal article" year="1990">Parmley, 1990</bibRefCitation>
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). The neural spines may also be thickened dorsally (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA33200843FFD449A9AFD6E" author="LaDuke, T. C." box="[847,1022,670,695]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref21017" refString="LaDuke, T. C. 1991. The fossil snakes of Pit 91, Racho La Brea, California. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Contributions in Science, 424: 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1991">LaDuke, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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). The neural arches are depressed and wide (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA332008495FD649DADFD0E" author="Auffenberg, W." box="[997,1225,702,727]" journalOrPublisher="Tulane Studies in Zoology" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="131 - 216" part="10" refId="ref17617" refString="Auffenberg, W. 1963. The fossil snakes of Florida. Tulane Studies in Zoology, 10: 131 - 216. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4641" title="The fossil snakes of Florida" type="book" year="1963">Auffenberg, 1963</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA332008396FD649CF8FD0E" author="Meylan, P. A." box="[1254,1436,702,727]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref21681" refString="Meylan, P. A. 1982. The squamate reptiles of the Inglis IA fauna (Irvingtonian: Citrus County, Florida). Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences, 27: 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1982">Meylan, 1982</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA332008438FD049A91FD2E" author="LaDuke, T. C." box="[840,1013,734,759]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref21017" refString="LaDuke, T. C. 1991. The fossil snakes of Pit 91, Racho La Brea, California. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Contributions in Science, 424: 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1991">LaDuke, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA332008373FD049DD6FD2E" author="Holman, J. A." box="[1027,1202,734,759]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref19958" refString="Holman, J. A. 2000. Fossil snakes of North America: Origin, evolution, distribution, paleoecology. Indiana University Press, Bloomington." type="book" year="2000">Holman, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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). The hemal keel is well-developed and usually widened posteriorly, with well-developed subcentral ridges that curve inward near the cotyle (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA332008312FCE49C52FC8E" author="Auffenberg, W." box="[1122,1334,830,855]" journalOrPublisher="Tulane Studies in Zoology" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="131 - 216" part="10" refId="ref17617" refString="Auffenberg, W. 1963. The fossil snakes of Florida. Tulane Studies in Zoology, 10: 131 - 216. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4641" title="The fossil snakes of Florida" type="book" year="1963">Auffenberg, 1963</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA332008233FCE49AE3FCAE" author="Meylan, P. A." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref21681" refString="Meylan, P. A. 1982. The squamate reptiles of the Inglis IA fauna (Irvingtonian: Citrus County, Florida). Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences, 27: 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1982">Meylan, 1982</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA3320084E4FC849D21FCAE" author="Parmley, D." box="[916,1093,862,887]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="322 - 327" refId="ref21882" refString="Parmley, D. 1988. Early Hemphillian (late Miocene) snakes from the Higgins local fauna of Lipscomb County, Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 8: 322 - 327. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4523209" type="journal article" year="1988">Parmley, 1988</bibRefCitation>
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), and may be bordered laterally by fossae (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA33200848AFCA49DCDFC4E" author="LaDuke, T. C." box="[1018,1193,894,919]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref21017" refString="LaDuke, T. C. 1991. The fossil snakes of Pit 91, Racho La Brea, California. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Contributions in Science, 424: 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1991">LaDuke, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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). The cotyle is round (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA33200843EFC449D4BFC6E" author="Auffenberg, W." box="[846,1071,926,951]" journalOrPublisher="Tulane Studies in Zoology" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="131 - 216" part="10" refId="ref17617" refString="Auffenberg, W. 1963. The fossil snakes of Florida. Tulane Studies in Zoology, 10: 131 - 216. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4641" title="The fossil snakes of Florida" type="book" year="1963">Auffenberg, 1963</bibRefCitation>
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), the condyle is round and sometimes obliquely tilted upwards (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA332008246FC649AEDFC2E" author="Parmley, D." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="266 - 274" refId="ref21929" refString="Parmley, D. 1990. Late Pleistocene snakes from Fowlkes Cave, Culberson County, Texas. Journal of Herpetology, 24: 266 - 274. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1564393" type="journal article" year="1990">Parmley, 1990</bibRefCitation>
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), the zygosphenes are flat anteriorly (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA33200843FFC249A9FFBCE" author="LaDuke, T. C." box="[847,1019,1022,1047]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref21017" refString="LaDuke, T. C. 1991. The fossil snakes of Pit 91, Racho La Brea, California. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Contributions in Science, 424: 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1991">LaDuke, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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) and epizygapophyseal spines are absent (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA3320084D6FBC49D1CFBEE" author="Auffenberg, W." box="[934,1144,1054,1079]" journalOrPublisher="Tulane Studies in Zoology" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="131 - 216" part="10" refId="ref17617" refString="Auffenberg, W. 1963. The fossil snakes of Florida. Tulane Studies in Zoology, 10: 131 - 216. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4641" title="The fossil snakes of Florida" type="book" year="1963">Auffenberg, 1963</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA3320083F3FBC49C54FBEE" author="Holman, J. A." box="[1155,1328,1054,1079]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref19958" refString="Holman, J. A. 2000. Fossil snakes of North America: Origin, evolution, distribution, paleoecology. Indiana University Press, Bloomington." type="book" year="2000">Holman, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3006575FFA332078438FBE498E2FDA6" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFA332008438FBE49DFEFA2E" blockId="11.[840,1441,414,1911]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA332008438FBE49AA4FB8E" bold="true" box="[840,960,1086,1111]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA3320084B8FBE49D05FB8E" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[968,1121,1086,1111]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA3320084B8FBE49D05FB8E" box="[968,1121,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lampropeltis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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vertebrae differ from those of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA33200841AFB849D63FBAE" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[874,1031,1118,1143]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Pantherophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA33200841AFB849D63FBAE" box="[874,1031,1118,1143]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pantherophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA33200833CFB849DDEFBAE" authorityName="Holbrook" authorityYear="1842" box="[1100,1210,1118,1143]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Pituophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA33200833CFB849DDEFBAE" box="[1100,1210,1118,1143]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pituophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in exhibiting more pronounced subcentral ridges, less vaulted neural arches, and relatively lower neural spines (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA332008225FB449ADCFB0E" author="Parmley, D." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="266 - 274" refId="ref21929" refString="Parmley, D. 1990. Late Pleistocene snakes from Fowlkes Cave, Culberson County, Texas. Journal of Herpetology, 24: 266 - 274. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1564393" type="journal article" year="1990">Parmley, 1990</bibRefCitation>
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). They may additionally differ from
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA332008221FB649AFBFB2E" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Pantherophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA332008221FB649AFBFB2E" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pantherophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA3320084AFFB049D5DFB2E" authorityName="Kennicott" authorityYear="1859" box="[991,1081,1246,1271]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Arizona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA3320084AFFB049D5DFB2E" box="[991,1081,1246,1271]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Arizona</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in being relatively longer and more robust (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA33200849EFB249DC5FACE" author="LaDuke, T. C." box="[1006,1185,1278,1303]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref21017" refString="LaDuke, T. C. 1991. The fossil snakes of Pit 91, Racho La Brea, California. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Contributions in Science, 424: 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1991">LaDuke, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA3320083C7FB249C2BFACE" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[1207,1359,1278,1303]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA3320083C7FB249C2BFACE" box="[1207,1359,1278,1303]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lampropeltis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
vertebrae differ from those of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA332008318FAC49C64FAEE" authorityName="Baird & Girard" authorityYear="1853" box="[1128,1280,1310,1335]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Rhinocheilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA332008318FAC49C64FAEE" box="[1128,1280,1310,1335]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhinocheilus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
in being relatively longer, with relatively thinner and taller neural spines that do not project anteriorly beyond the zygosphene, narrower hemal keels, relatively wider cotyles, larger zygapophyses, and more developed subcentral ridges (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA3320083C5FA649ABCFA2E" author="Van Devender, T. R. & Mead, J. I." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="464 - 475" refId="ref23868" refString="Van Devender, T. R. and Mead, J. I. 1978. Early Holocene and late Pleistocene amphibians and reptiles in Sonoran Desert packrat middens. Copeia, 1978: 464 - 475." type="journal article" year="1978">Van Devender and Mead, 1978</bibRefCitation>
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|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA332008493FA049DEBFA2E" author="LaDuke, T. C." box="[995,1167,1502,1527]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref21017" refString="LaDuke, T. C. 1991. The fossil snakes of Pit 91, Racho La Brea, California. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Contributions in Science, 424: 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1991">LaDuke, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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).
|
|
</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFA3320784F2FA2498E2FDA6" blockId="11.[840,1441,414,1911]" lastBlockId="12.[192,793,166,639]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA3320084F2FA249D5CF9CE" author="Holman, J. A." box="[898,1080,1534,1559]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref19958" refString="Holman, J. A. 2000. Fossil snakes of North America: Origin, evolution, distribution, paleoecology. Indiana University Press, Bloomington." type="book" year="2000">Holman (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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|
suggested that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA332008278FA249CC5F9CE" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[1288,1441,1534,1559]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA332008278FA249CC5F9CE" box="[1288,1441,1534,1559]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lampropeltis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
vertebrae are more easily diagnosed on a speciesby-species basis, as there are greater differences among some species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA33200830EF9849C72F9AE" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[1150,1302,1630,1655]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA33200830EF9849C72F9AE" box="[1150,1302,1630,1655]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lampropeltis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
than there are among some other colubrine genera (such as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA332008438F9479AC1F96F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[840,933,1693,1718]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA332008438F9479AC1F96F" box="[840,933,1693,1718]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Coluber</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA332008496F9449D17F96E" authorityName="Baird & Girard" authorityYear="1853" box="[998,1139,1694,1719]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Masticophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA332008496F9449D17F96E" box="[998,1139,1694,1719]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Masticophis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
). This idea was reexamined and discussed in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA332008324F9649CF9F90E" author="Parmley, D. & Hunter, K. B." box="[1108,1437,1726,1751]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="526 - 543" refId="ref22088" refString="Parmley, D. and Hunter, K. B. 2010. Fossil Snakes of the Clarendonian (Late Miocene) Pratt Slide Local Fauna of Nebraska, with the description of a new natricine colubrid. Journal of Herpetology, 44: 526 - 543. https: // doi. org / 10.1670 / 09 - 248.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Parmley and Hunter (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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|
, who found that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA332008373F9049D92F92E" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[1027,1270,1758,1783]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alterna">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA332008373F9049D92F92E" box="[1027,1270,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lampropeltis alterna</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA332008213F9049DF9F8CE" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyromelana-zonata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA332008213F9049DF9F8CE" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lampropeltis pyromelana-zonata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
grouping have diagnostic vertebral characters distinct from each other and from the rest of the genus, while
|
|
<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA332008278F8E49DA0F8AE" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA332008278F8E49AF7F8AE" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="getula">Lampropeltis getula</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA3320084D3F8849DA5F8AE" baseAuthorityName="Harlan" baseAuthorityYear="1827" box="[931,1217,1886,1911]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calligaster">Lampropeltis calligaster</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA332078278F8849858FF66" baseAuthorityName="Lacepede" baseAuthorityYear="1789" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="triangulum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA332078278F8849858FF66" italics="true" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lampropeltis triangulum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
form a discernable
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA432078547FF7C9BC5FF66" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[567,673,166,191]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="getula">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA432078547FF7C9BC5FF66" box="[567,673,166,191]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">L. getula</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
complex. Furthermore,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFA432078612FF1C9B5EFF06" author="Auffenberg, W." box="[354,570,198,223]" journalOrPublisher="Tulane Studies in Zoology" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="131 - 216" part="10" refId="ref17617" refString="Auffenberg, W. 1963. The fossil snakes of Florida. Tulane Studies in Zoology, 10: 131 - 216. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4641" title="The fossil snakes of Florida" type="book" year="1963">Auffenberg (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
noted that smaller species appeared to have neural spines that are relatively shorter in height compared to larger species and that the hemal keel showed variation in development between species and age groups. Where exactly the known fossil species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFA4320785C5FEBC999AFE46" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lampropeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFA4320785C5FEBC999AFE46" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Lampropeltis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
fall within the genus could therefore be dependent on the ability to discern between these three main morphospaces on a case-by-case basis. A better understanding of these morphospaces and the morphology of fossil species could also help determine when the genus started exploring the various morphologies associated with these groupings.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |