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<document id="2996528E796C02E6AE4A246C8FDB22BB" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.2064.1.4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5321572" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629618191400" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Rafael, José Albertino &amp; Cumming, Jeffrey M." docDate="2009" docId="03B3435F7954FF85BEA67823CCC9FD85" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02064p056.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2064 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2064.1.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Macrostomus occidentalis Rafael &amp; Cumming" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="FF8A3B277959FF95BE317E15C870FFDE" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Macrostomus Wiedemann (Diptera: Empididae: Empidinae). I. The ferrugineus species-group" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1699084087668" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="9C6FFCC85557E2F21852656D94443677" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="5FD2BAF1148C037A39E34FC83DF2EF6A">
<mods:title id="3988154CBBBBC502D49ED245573590A6">Revision of the genus Macrostomus Wiedemann (Diptera: Empididae: Empidinae). I. The ferrugineus species-group</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="1CCEF79EB4A821D04FBCE9E8BE65FA24" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CA19BEE19CAD83CABB40C425BCA225F0">
<mods:roleTerm id="4325D55ECD67EF341E87673CC685CF0D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="543CEF2C166CF923559BD0CE714B1412">Rafael, José Albertino</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="02A67756603248AA03F49D167C2173A8">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Entomologia, Caixa Postal 478, 69011 - 970, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. E-mail: jarafael @ inpa. gov. br</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="AB2BFE20F9258F446994879DABF42AC4">Cumming, Jeffrey M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AF65CFAE4E7FB23BB10BC3E4020F2E22">Invertebrate Biodiversity, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, K. W. Neatby Bldg, C. E. F., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K 1 A 0 C 6. E-mail: jeff. cumming @ agr. gc. ca</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="A59CD4F1AFFE66EE332B93A068CB872D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="A06120D898F43D54165044CE97DE1A35">
<mods:date id="E0A80D50F30640D5F52EC99152BA76E1">2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="D89E1E87A886EA4D77B88EDF10E66040" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="5443BADDDB6F4781524B3AC9AE7DA1D1">2009-04-06</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="00A2F85466F6DD5A9C24A2B3AF1FC506" type="volume">
<mods:number id="6ECF7C88E9C764FBE547ABFCE6E5A383">2064</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="96B32370650AE6AE06688D59FD2A3879" type="issue">
<mods:number id="94F6A76C2589461190D2919D3A116766">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="2BAD5DAB4F3A5338C559FE66C7DD8350">39</mods:start>
<mods:end id="8B53AA0AC8D7405419AAE6EFDEC625E1">56</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="01531820B1687CA50B7A08DFC9005606">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2064.1.4</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="95895A11DD48BC81B71875DB001FF086">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="2454DD414603104C0D845487C8D35280" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.2064.1.4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D4F4ED57A105CA856ADB01DFA5031A06" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A7BDDA6CA6DBC4581A03F8986D956763" type="Zenodo-Dep">5321572</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B3435F7954FF85BEA67823CCC9FD85" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5334132" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5334132" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B3435F7954FF85BEA67823CCC9FD85" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B3435F7954FF85BEA67823CCC9FD85" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<subSubSection id="C300A1C27954FF98BEA67823CABEF98E" box="[151,718,1590,1616]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA5F2497954FF98BEA67823CABEF98E" blockId="13.[151,718,1590,1655]" box="[151,718,1590,1616]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<heading id="D0ED45257954FF98BEA67823CABEF98E" bold="true" box="[151,718,1590,1616]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7954FF98BEA67823CABEF98E" ID-CoL="3XBB8" authority="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityName="Rafael &amp; Cumming" box="[151,718,1590,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7954FF98BEA67823CABEF98E" bold="true" box="[151,718,1590,1616]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7954FF98BEA67823C9A2F98E" bold="true" box="[151,466,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Macrostomus occidentalis</emphasis>
Rafael &amp; Cumming
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300A1C27954FF98BEA67848C89EF9A9" box="[151,238,1629,1655]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA5F2497954FF98BEA67848C89EF9A9" blockId="13.[151,718,1590,1655]" box="[151,238,1629,1655]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
(
<figureCitation id="1321EECC7954FF98BEAE7848C895F9A9" box="[159,229,1629,1655]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,258,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[411,1210,1144,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-134@15.[355,1229,1144,1914]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Distribution map of species belonging to the Macrostomus ferrugineus species-group with tergite 8 truncated or forked distally. Symbols represent the known collection localities as follows: diamond = M. longipennis, n. sp.; open circle = M. furcatus, n. sp.; open triangle = M. flavus, n. sp.; square = M. fulvithorax; star = M. occidentalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5321598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5321598/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300A1C27954FF98BEA678BFCD6FF91F" box="[151,1311,1706,1729]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA5F2497954FF98BEA678BFCD6FF91F" blockId="13.[151,1311,1706,1729]" box="[151,1311,1706,1729]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0AD5677954FF98BEA678BFCD6FF91F" box="[151,1311,1706,1729]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<treatmentCitation id="0ABBD4587954FF98BEA678BFCA9EF91F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6493794" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6493794" author="Rafael, J. A. &amp; Cumming, J. M." box="[151,750,1706,1729]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/163B5B4D3461FFE9FEF7CF6FFE6044B3" page="55" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" year="2006">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7954FF98BEA678BFCA9EF91F" ID-CoL="3XBB8" authority="Rafael &amp; Cumming 2006: 55" authorityName="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityPageNumber="55" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,750,1706,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7954FF98BEA678BFC9DEF91F" box="[151,430,1706,1729]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Macrostomus occidentalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B8FB87954FF98BF8478BFCA9EF91F" author="Rafael &amp; Cumming" box="[437,750,1706,1729]" firstAuthor="Rafael" page="55" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" pagination="49 - 64" refId="ref9495" refString="Rafael, J. A. &amp; Cumming, J. M. (2006) New species of Macrostomus Wiedemann (Diptera, Empididae) from Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Zootaxa 1136, 49 - 64." type="journal article" year="2006">Rafael &amp; Cumming 2006: 55</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 20–22, 40;
<treatmentCitation id="0ABBD4587954FF98BD9678BFCCFCF91F" author="Yang, D. &amp; Zhang, K. &amp; Yao, G. &amp; Zhang, J." box="[935,1164,1706,1729]" page="145" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" year="2007">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B8FB87954FF98BD9678BFCCFCF91F" author="Yang" box="[935,1164,1706,1729]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Yang" page="145" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" refId="ref9724" refString="Yang, D., Zhang, K., Yao, G. &amp; Zhang, J. (2007). World Catalog of Empididae (Insecta: Diptera). China Agricultural University Press, Beijing, 599 pp." type="book" year="2007">
Yang
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7954FF98BDD478BFCC63F91F" box="[997,1043,1706,1729]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
. 2007: 145
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(catalogued).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300A1C27954FF98BEA678E5C8A7F812" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA5F2497954FF98BEA678E5CA03F886" blockId="13.[151,1436,1776,1996]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7954FF98BEA678E5C967F8D4" bold="true" box="[151,279,1776,1802]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Thorax, abdomen and legs predominantly yellow; postcranium black dorsally, moderately yellow ventrally; fore tarsomeres 1–3 not whitish distally; first hind tarsomere with seven slender dorsal setae; male tergite 8 with distal projection truncated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA5F2497954FF98BEF77970C8A7F812" blockId="13.[151,1436,1776,1996]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<materialsCitation id="3B72F8147954FF98BEF77970C8A4F812" collectionCode="CAS" country="Colombia" county="This" location="It" municipality="The" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cauca">
<collectingCounty id="62C48AC57954FF98BEF77970C88AF8A1" box="[198,250,1893,1919]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">This</collectingCounty>
species was described and figured by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B8FB87954FF98BCF97970CC7EF8A1" author="Rafael &amp; Cumming" box="[712,1038,1893,1919]" firstAuthor="Rafael" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" pagination="49 - 64" refId="ref9495" refString="Rafael, J. A. &amp; Cumming, J. M. (2006) New species of Macrostomus Wiedemann (Diptera, Empididae) from Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Zootaxa 1136, 49 - 64." type="journal article" year="2006">Rafael &amp; Cumming (2006)</bibRefCitation>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC168337954FF98BA2A7970CC38F8A1" box="[1051,1096,1893,1919]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">The</collectingMunicipality>
female is unknown.
<location id="8EC5A4927954FF98BB757970CD26F8A1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B3435F7954FF85BEA67823CCC9FD85:8EC5A4927954FF98BB757970CD26F8A1" box="[1348,1366,1893,1919]" country="Colombia" county="This" municipality="The" name="It" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Cauca">It</location>
has a distribution west of the
<location id="8EC5A4927954FF98BF807999C98CF878" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B3435F7954FF85BEA67823CCC9FD85:8EC5A4927954FF98BF807999C98CF878" box="[433,508,1932,1958]" country="Colombia" county="This" municipality="The" name="Andes" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Cauca">Andes</location>
in
<collectingCountry id="F30DB2D97954FF98BC157999CAE8F878" box="[548,664,1932,1958]" name="Colombia" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49DE3CAB7954FF98BC997999CA83F878" box="[680,755,1932,1958]" country="Colombia" name="Cauca" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Cauca</collectingRegion>
departament) (
<figureCitation id="1321EECC7954FF98BD997999CB81F878" box="[936,1009,1932,1958]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,258,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[411,1210,1144,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-134@15.[355,1229,1144,1914]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Distribution map of species belonging to the Macrostomus ferrugineus species-group with tergite 8 truncated or forked distally. Symbols represent the known collection localities as follows: diamond = M. longipennis, n. sp.; open circle = M. furcatus, n. sp.; open triangle = M. flavus, n. sp.; square = M. fulvithorax; star = M. occidentalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5321598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5321598/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
).
<location id="8EC5A4927954FF98BA397999CC46F878" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B3435F7954FF85BEA67823CCC9FD85:8EC5A4927954FF98BA397999CC46F878" box="[1032,1078,1932,1958]" country="Colombia" county="This" municipality="The" name="The" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Cauca">The</location>
type-specimen is deposited at
<collectionCode id="ED0B6A8C7954FF98BEA679A7C8A4F812" box="[151,212,1970,1996]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" type="Museum">CAS</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300A1C27957FF85BEF47E82CCC9FD85" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA5F2497957FF9BBEF47E82CB5BFEF8" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,835]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7957FF9BBEF47E82C921FF6F" bold="true" box="[197,337,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Discussion.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7957FF9BBF687E8DCAE0FF6F" box="[345,656,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7957FF9BBF687E8DCAE0FF6F" box="[345,656,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Macrostomus occidentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears most closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7957FF9BBA217E8DCCC9FF6F" box="[1040,1209,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvithorax">
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7957FF9BBA217E8DCCC9FF6F" box="[1040,1209,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">M. fulvithorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of the truncate male tergite 8 projection, the bifid posterior lobe of the male cercus and the hypandrium without ventral setae. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7957FF9BBFC17EF0CAECFF20" box="[496,668,229,254]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvithorax">
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7957FF9BBFC17EF0CAECFF20" box="[496,668,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">M. fulvithorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a more acute apical protuberance on the hypandrium and a less sclerotized ventral surface of the hypandrium.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA5F2497957FF9BBEF77F27CA2EFC9D" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,835]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7957FF9BBEF77F27C98FFE92" bold="true" box="[198,511,306,332]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Biogeographical pattern.</emphasis>
According to
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B8FB87957FF9BBC9C7F27CBBEFE92" author="Amorim &amp; Pires" box="[685,974,306,332]" firstAuthor="Amorim" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" pagination="183 - 219" refId="ref8890" refString="Amorim, D. S. &amp; Pires, M. R. S. (1996) Neotropical biogeography and a method for maximum biodiversity estimation, In: Bicudo, C. E. M. &amp; Menezes, N. A. (Eds.). Biodiversity in Brazil, a first approach. CNPq, Sao Paulo, pp. 183 - 219." type="book chapter" year="1996">Amorim &amp; Pires (1996)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B8FB87957FF9BBDED7F27CC8BFE92" author="Amorim &amp; Silva" box="[988,1275,306,332]" firstAuthor="Amorim" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" pagination="177 - 200" refId="ref8959" refString="Amorim, D. S. &amp; Silva, V. C. (2002) How far advanced was Diptera evolution in the Pangaea? Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (n. s.) 38, 177 - 200." type="journal article" year="2002">Amorim &amp; Silva (2002)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B8FB87957FF9BBB097F27C899FEAD" author="Amorim" firstAuthor="Amorim" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" pagination="71 - 97" refId="ref8831" refString="Amorim, D. S. (2009) Neotropical Diptera Diversity: Richness, Patterns, and Perspectives. In: Pape, T., Bickel, D. &amp; Meier, R. (Eds), Diptera Diversity: Status, Challenges and Tools. Brill, Leiden, pp. 71 - 97." type="book chapter" year="2009">Amorim (2009)</bibRefCitation>
the continental northern Neotropical region is divided in two components. The NW Neotropical component is northwest of the Amazonas-Madeira-Mamoré Rivers and extends as far as tropical
<collectingCountry id="F30DB2D97957FF9BBB367F95CD14FE44" box="[1287,1380,384,410]" name="Mexico" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Mexico</collectingCountry>
. The other component is southeast of these rivers, called the SE Neotropical component. The NW Neotropical component is further subdivided into the transandean area, Chocó-Central America (Chocó-CA), and the Northwest Amazonia (NWAm) area. The NWAm is further subdivided into the North Amazonia (NAm) and the Southwest Amazonia (SWAm) (
<figureCitation id="1321EECC7957FF9BBC7F7C0FCAEAFDEA" box="[590,666,538,564]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,254,1846,1870]" captionTargetBox="[152,1430,894,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-311@14.[151,1436,893,1821]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. General biogeographic pattern of the northern Neotropical region based on different groups of vertebrates, insects and plants (After Amorim 2009)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5321592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5321592/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). The NAm area runs from Japurá-Caquetá Rivers to the coast (Atlantic Ocean) with its eastern and southern limits extending along the Parnaiba River, between the states of Maranhão and Piauí, to the south several hundred kilometres and west crossing the Tocantins River to the Xingu River, before running north to the Amazon River. The SWAm area includes a portion south of the Caquetá-Japurá rivers, as well as west of the Madeira River and south along the Mamoré River to
<collectingCountry id="F30DB2D97957FF9BBB257CA0CD1AFD11" box="[1300,1386,693,719]" name="Bolivia" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F30DB2D97957FF9BBEA67CC9C8A1FD28" box="[151,209,732,758]" name="Peru" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Peru</collectingCountry>
. The SE Neotropical component is also subdivided in two areas: the Southeast Amazonia (SEAm) and the Atlantic Forest (
<figureCitation id="1321EECC7957FF9BBFB57D17C9BDFCC2" box="[388,461,770,796]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,254,1846,1870]" captionTargetBox="[152,1430,894,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-311@14.[151,1436,893,1821]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. General biogeographic pattern of the northern Neotropical region based on different groups of vertebrates, insects and plants (After Amorim 2009)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5321592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5321592/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). The relationships of these regions to one another have been presented in an area cladogram (
<figureCitation id="1321EECC7957FF9BBF137D3CC918FC9D" box="[290,360,809,835]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,254,1846,1870]" captionTargetBox="[152,1430,894,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-311@14.[151,1436,893,1821]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. General biogeographic pattern of the northern Neotropical region based on different groups of vertebrates, insects and plants (After Amorim 2009)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5321592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5321592/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B8FB87957FF9BBFAF7D3CCA2AFC9D" author="Amorim" box="[414,602,809,835]" firstAuthor="Amorim" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" pagination="71 - 97" refId="ref8831" refString="Amorim, D. S. (2009) Neotropical Diptera Diversity: Richness, Patterns, and Perspectives. In: Pape, T., Bickel, D. &amp; Meier, R. (Eds), Diptera Diversity: Status, Challenges and Tools. Brill, Leiden, pp. 71 - 97." type="book chapter" year="2009">Amorim (2009)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF65A2C17957FF9BBEA67923CA38F8AE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5321592" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5321592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5321592/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" startId="14.[151,254,1846,1870]" targetBox="[152,1430,894,1821]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8BA5F2497957FF9BBEA67923CA38F8AE" blockId="14.[151,1436,1846,1904]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7957FF9BBEA67923C963F890" bold="true" box="[151,275,1846,1870]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">FIGURE 7</emphasis>
. General biogeographic pattern of the northern Neotropical region based on different groups of vertebrates, insects and plants (After
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B8FB87957FF9BBF93794CCA4CF8AE" author="Amorim" box="[418,572,1881,1904]" firstAuthor="Amorim" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" pagination="71 - 97" refId="ref8831" refString="Amorim, D. S. (2009) Neotropical Diptera Diversity: Richness, Patterns, and Perspectives. In: Pape, T., Bickel, D. &amp; Meier, R. (Eds), Diptera Diversity: Status, Challenges and Tools. Brill, Leiden, pp. 71 - 97." type="book chapter" year="2009">Amorim 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF65A2C17956FF9ABEA67DE6CC15FB94" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5321596" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5321596" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5321596/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" startId="15.[151,255,1011,1035]" targetBox="[414,1213,225,995]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="8BA5F2497956FF9ABEA67DE6CC15FB94" blockId="15.[151,1437,1011,1099]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7956FF9ABEA67DE6C963FBD5" bold="true" box="[151,275,1011,1035]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 8</emphasis>
. Distribution map of species belonging to the
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7956FF9ABD3E7DE6CC55FBD4" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[783,1061,1011,1034]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7956FF9ABD3E7DE6CC55FBD4" box="[783,1061,1011,1034]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Macrostomus ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group with tergite 8 acute distally. Symbols represent the known collection localities as follows: solid circle =
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7956FF9ABA157A06CCB8FBF4" box="[1060,1224,1043,1066]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7956FF9ABA157A06CCB4FBF4" authorityName="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityYear="2009" box="[1060,1220,1043,1066]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscithorax" status="sp. nov.">M. fuscithorax</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7956FF9ABAFE7A06CD7CFBF5" bold="true" box="[1231,1292,1043,1067]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25D93207956FF9ABAFE7A06CD7CFBF5" box="[1231,1292,1043,1067]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; square =
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7956FF9ABB4E7A06C956FB94" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7956FF9ABB4E7A06C965FB94" authorityName="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusciventris">M. fusciventris</taxonomicName>
,,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7956FF9ABF1D7A26C918FB95" bold="true" box="[300,360,1075,1099]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">n. sp.</emphasis>
; solid triangle =
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7956FF9ABC2E7A26CAADFB94" box="[543,733,1075,1098]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7956FF9ABC2E7A26CAA8FB94" authorityName="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityYear="2009" box="[543,728,1075,1098]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanothorax" status="sp. nov.">M. melanothorax</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7956FF9ABCD57A26CB50FB95" bold="true" box="[740,800,1075,1099]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25D93207956FF9ABCD57A26CB50FB95" box="[740,800,1075,1099]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; open circle =
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7956FF9ABDF17A26CC2EFB94" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[960,1118,1075,1098]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7956FF9ABDF17A26CC2EFB94" box="[960,1118,1075,1098]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">M. ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF65A2C17956FF9ABEA67999CDF2F83A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5321598" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5321598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5321598/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" startId="15.[151,258,1932,1956]" targetBox="[411,1210,1144,1914]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="8BA5F2497956FF9ABEA67999CDF2F83A" blockId="15.[151,1436,1932,2020]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7956FF9ABEA67999C968F87A" bold="true" box="[151,280,1932,1956]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 9</emphasis>
. Distribution map of species belonging to the
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7956FF9ABD017998CC24F87A" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[816,1108,1933,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7956FF9ABD017998CC24F87A" box="[816,1108,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Macrostomus ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group with tergite 8 truncated or forked distally. Symbols represent the known collection localities as follows: diamond =
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7956FF9ABAE979B8CD0FF81A" box="[1240,1407,1965,1988]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7956FF9ABAE979B8CD0BF81A" authorityName="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityYear="2009" box="[1240,1403,1965,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipennis" status="sp. nov.">M. longipennis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7956FF9ABBB779B9C8C7F83A" bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25D93207956FF9ABBB779B9C8C7F83A" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; open circle =
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7956FF9ABF6679D8C9A7F83A" box="[343,471,1997,2020]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7956FF9ABF6679D8C9A3F83A" authorityName="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityYear="2009" box="[343,467,1997,2020]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcatus" status="sp. nov.">M. furcatus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7956FF9ABFEF79D9CA6AF83A" bold="true" box="[478,538,1996,2020]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25D93207956FF9ABFEF79D9CA6AF83A" box="[478,538,1996,2020]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; open triangle =
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7956FF9ABCE179D8CB4BF83A" box="[720,827,1997,2020]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7956FF9ABCE179D8CB47F83A" authorityName="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityYear="2009" box="[720,823,1997,2020]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus" status="sp. nov.">M. flavus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7956FF9ABD7079D9CB0CF83A" bold="true" box="[833,892,1996,2020]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25D93207956FF9ABD7079D9CB0CF83A" box="[833,892,1996,2020]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; square =
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7956FF9ABDDC79D8CCF5F83A" box="[1005,1157,1997,2020]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvithorax">
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7956FF9ABDDC79D8CCF5F83A" box="[1005,1157,1997,2020]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">M. fulvithorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; star =
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7956FF9ABAE779D8CD0EF83A" box="[1238,1406,1997,2020]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">M. occidentalis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA5F2497949FF85BEF47E8DCCC9FD85" blockId="16.[151,1436,152,603]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">
All species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7949FF85BFA77E8DCA33FF6F" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[406,579,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7949FF85BFA77E8DCA33FF6F" box="[406,579,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">M. ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group occur in the three areas of the NW Neotropical component (
<figureCitation id="1321EECC7949FF85BEAE7EABC896FF06" box="[159,230,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,255,1011,1035]" captionTargetBox="[414,1213,225,995]" captionTargetId="figure-131@15.[358,1232,225,995]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Distribution map of species belonging to the Macrostomus ferrugineus species-group with tergite 8 acute distally. Symbols represent the known collection localities as follows: solid circle = M. fuscithorax, n. sp.; square = M. fusciventris,, n. sp.; solid triangle = M. melanothorax, n. sp.; open circle = M. ferrugineus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5321596" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5321596/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). In the Chocó-CA area,
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7949FF85BC3A7EAACACEFF06" box="[523,702,191,216]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7949FF85BC3A7EAACACEFF06" box="[523,702,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">M. occidentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in Cauca, Buenaventura, located west of the Andes and
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7949FF85BEA67EF0C939FF20" box="[151,329,229,254]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvithorax">
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7949FF85BEA67EF0C939FF20" box="[151,329,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">M. fulvithorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in
<collectingCountry id="F30DB2D97949FF85BFFD7EF0CA40FF21" box="[460,560,229,255]" name="Panama" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Panama</collectingCountry>
. In the NWAm area (NAm + SWAm), all the remaining species occur, namely
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7949FF85BEC57F19C9EFFEFB" authorityName="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityYear="2009" box="[244,415,268,293]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscithorax">
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7949FF85BEC57F19C9EFFEFB" box="[244,415,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">M. fuscithorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7949FF85BF9C7F19CD33FEFB" box="[429,1347,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7949FF85BF9C7F19CA2EFEFB" authorityName="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityYear="2009" box="[429,606,268,293]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusciventris">M. fusciventris</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7949FF85BC5B7F19CB46FEFB" authorityName="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityYear="2009" box="[618,822,268,293]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanothorax">M. melanothorax</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7949FF85BD737F19CB83FEFB" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[834,1011,268,293]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">M. ferrugineus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7949FF85BDCE7F19CCC1FEFB" authorityName="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityYear="2009" box="[1023,1201,268,293]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipennis">M. longipennis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7949FF85BA8C7F19CD33FEFB" authorityName="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityYear="2009" box="[1213,1347,268,293]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcatus">M. furcatus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7949FF85BB4D7F19C8ADFE95" authorityName="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7949FF85BB4D7F19C8ADFE95" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">M. flavus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the SWAm area, three species occur that are also recorded from NAm, namely,
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7949FF85BA8C7F27C94AFEAC" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7949FF85BA8C7F27CD1FFE95" authorityName="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityYear="2009" box="[1213,1391,306,331]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusciventris">M. fusciventris</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7949FF85BB4D7F27C94AFEAC" authorityName="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanothorax">M. melanothorax</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7949FF85BF457F4CCA56FEAC" authorityName="Rafael &amp; Cumming" authorityYear="2009" box="[372,550,345,370]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipennis">
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7949FF85BF457F4CCA56FEAC" box="[372,550,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">M. longipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The only record from the SEAm area is that of
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7949FF85BA567F4CCD66FEAC" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[1127,1302,345,370]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7949FF85BA567F4CCD66FEAC" box="[1127,1302,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">M. ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Alter do Chão in Pará state (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B8FB87949FF85BF957F95CAA7FE44" author="Rafael &amp; Cumming" box="[420,727,384,410]" firstAuthor="Rafael" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" pagination="439 - 448" refId="ref9452" refString="Rafael, J. A. &amp; Cumming, J. M. (2004). The Neotropical genera Macrostomus Wiedemann and Porphyrochroa Melander (Diptera, Empididae, Empidinae). Revista brasileira de Zoologia 21, 439 - 448." type="journal article" year="2004">Rafael &amp; Cumming 2004</bibRefCitation>
). This locality is near the southern border of the NAm area, separated only by the Amazon River and the presence of
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7949FF85BD027FB2CB91FE1E" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[819,993,423,448]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7949FF85BD027FB2CB91FE1E" box="[819,993,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">M. ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in this site on the southern side of the Amazon is probably due to dispersal. Virtual confinement of the
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7949FF85BDFF7FD8CCF8FE38" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[974,1160,461,486]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7949FF85BDFF7FD8CCF8FE38" box="[974,1160,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">M. ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group to NW Neotropical component, with two potentially closely related species,
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7949FF85BDDA7FE1CCEAFDD3" box="[1003,1178,500,525]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvithorax">
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7949FF85BDDA7FE1CCEAFDD3" box="[1003,1178,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">M. fulvithorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1A89CA7949FF85BAE67FE1CDE4FDD3" box="[1239,1428,500,525]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Macrostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="B96E2E5B7949FF85BAE67FE1CDE4FDD3" box="[1239,1428,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">M. occidentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, restricted to the Chocó-CA area is highly suggestive of an evolutionary history for the entire species-group that is largely in agreement with the area cladogram (
<figureCitation id="1321EECC7949FF85BD377C54CB3CFD85" box="[774,844,577,603]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,254,1846,1870]" captionTargetBox="[152,1430,894,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-311@14.[151,1436,893,1821]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. General biogeographic pattern of the northern Neotropical region based on different groups of vertebrates, insects and plants (After Amorim 2009)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5321592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5321592/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) presented by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B8FB87949FF85BDC87C54CCC6FD85" author="Amorim" box="[1017,1206,577,603]" firstAuthor="Amorim" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" pagination="71 - 97" refId="ref8831" refString="Amorim, D. S. (2009) Neotropical Diptera Diversity: Richness, Patterns, and Perspectives. In: Pape, T., Bickel, D. &amp; Meier, R. (Eds), Diptera Diversity: Status, Challenges and Tools. Brill, Leiden, pp. 71 - 97." type="book chapter" year="2009">Amorim (2009)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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