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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ce2a2763-3c4d-4be7-b56d-7a8c7e27608b" ID-PMC="PMC7297811" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-939-87" ID-Pensoft-UUID="DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922" ID-PubMed="32577083" ID-ZooBank="B239701148884712880E1069C943AD33" ModsDocID="1313-2970-939-87" checkinTime="1591794867056" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gosik, Rafal, Skuhrovec, Jiri, Caldara, Roberto &amp; Tosevski, Ivo" docDate="2020" docId="1F9A5873FBF65574AD9C89CC02C7F8FB" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 939: 87-165" docOrigin="ZooKeys 939" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612" docTitle="Mecinus sicardi Hustache 1920" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922" lastPageNumber="87" masterDocId="DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922" masterDocTitle="Immature stages of Palearctic Mecinus species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae): morphological characters diagnostic at genus and species levels" masterLastPageNumber="165" masterPageNumber="87" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1732487594982" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="BFB9CDCE4915532C5279439B843367A9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="66D05E20BBE0472BA5FD0FD5C92C2625">
<mods:title id="0CA0E8BF9DA7D4759F2B5CCD12FB59C5">Immature stages of Palearctic Mecinus species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae): morphological characters diagnostic at genus and species levels</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="F2B3F849378DD4BCC3E8D2B1434C50C3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A74C96CFA963CB926E11CE63EB7B199C">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D5437372DC146C6E02BD7E9EADBAD08F">Gosik, Rafal</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CFE4C8792E5AE657F1EA2E1AB565E874">Department of Zoology and Nature Protection, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20 - 033 Lublin, Poland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role id="FB522B0480B88F2DD1B00B2FC5CCFDED">
<mods:roleTerm id="7F51CCE09DE9E51A1A05B4022C937A02">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3DAB7C08751FC8102F06AFF2ED37BE65">Skuhrovec, Jiri</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1B73B5BBAD15925C8838E924C2081F9B">Group Function of Invertebrate and Plant Biodiversity in Agro-Ecosystems, Crop Research Institute, Prague 6 - Ruzyne, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8D9DB3A83CD7B1B63ACEC0EDFD228932" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7691-5990</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="279ECC0DBFE614583D760928C7546C2C" type="email">jirislavskuhrovec@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="98A693EA604434C7CB9935804B2B9F26" type="personal">
<mods:role id="06521EBB7E7366D0B2162CA8146A4076">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3507F11166455E89473175BC3A20E3B7">Caldara, Roberto</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="64CA2EB84D0A7EF4AF4022C95AE871E4">Center of Alpine Entomology, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B6B321C093898DD88CBE6D0F571F4F69" type="personal">
<mods:role id="33F95368F1D98C90CCF25EBAD84D574F">
<mods:roleTerm id="64077E416F9AACC785B71EB7447423CE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="79355D19CEAC541E2FCF539670977985">Tosevski, Ivo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1A8607BB65FC91CF73344BB34AC3225B">CABI, Rue des Grillons 1, 2800 Delemont, Switzerland &amp; Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Banatska 33, 11080, Zemun, Serbia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="637A362DE8BC080F5D9AE3DE1C045B7A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="7D00F32D1482C557494259810F242AC3">
<mods:title id="6A9147FA0CFF108362C94649B6A8F8D4">ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="4C8D3D236F0A027D2AF3530BE0028374">
<mods:date id="E12EC798A97E59CE183B61FC47699CBC">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="351156F7092214B3B6AB86FC977E1744" type="volume">
<mods:number id="A085F9CE5EB2FDEA804B592AFE61F058">939</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="6A7ACC0FA2E9D0726563EECB84CEC0F2">87</mods:start>
<mods:end id="22EECBC7AA83C7C56C2C475EC0DE6DB7">165</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="5E0E63396A8ACBE01E388E9FA040ADC2">
<mods:url id="3301FB2E29829391734C31991C89D324">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="79CA86A2A5C56A50060C5BA000487723">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="F48CBAA21B207F17F1E043EE5A048EEA" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C4E52495CCAAF6DDC3F0FB271CD6BB99" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-939-87</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8A82EBABF329586B5B8166083323CD00" type="ZooBank">B239701148884712880E1069C943AD33</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="58353548DAA424872A0BB1C3962B3FA4" type="Pensoft-UUID">DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="1F9A5873FBF65574AD9C89CC02C7F8FB" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164500627" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F9A5873FBF65574AD9C89CC02C7F8FB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F9A5873FBF65574AD9C89CC02C7F8FB" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" scope_family="Curculionidae" scope_order="Coleoptera">
<subSubSection id="F852FEF200E074153E2085AC1C470E7C" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7CAEF82EE31922AE21E19E69506A200D" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="7332F5A01713F3C795A4ECCE6C761C06" ID-CoL="3YK9Z" LSID="1F9A5873-FBF6-5574-AD9C-89CC02C7F8FB" authority="Hustache, 1920" authorityName="Hustache" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus sicardi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicardi">Mecinus sicardi Hustache, 1920</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2510C3DE2CA26CF3E0FA912ACB3E67BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="574625C40C46FF553F51783B205DB7B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE809171D1D44CA6E5FE6C7C9EAE9F4C" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
6 L3 larvae and 1 pupa, France,
<normalizedToken id="CFAEB34F6CD94CF965E3A6F73A880465" originalValue="Provence-Alpes-Côte">Provence-Alpes-Cote</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="BC0FCE5BE5390616D7EC5E693051FFA2" originalValue="d’Azur">d'Azur</normalizedToken>
, Alpes Maritimes, road
<normalizedToken id="CD655CCDB92D5ACD2FD7B69E4D835A22" originalValue="Èze-La">Eze-La</normalizedToken>
Turbie, 20.07.2014, on
<taxonomicName id="F0B2BA697FC17E4E33F1FF6E8B509141" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Antirrhinum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Antirrhinum latifolium" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latifolium">
<emphasis id="90C0E8750E5758A2415F3009A4C40608" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Antirrhinum latifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Mill. stems, lgt. and det. R. Caldara. Accession numbers of sequenced specimen MN992007.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="553F27C5BF0840529648E8599662036D" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph id="B8242C00E045F51B0F1D09D24B30CEB0" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Description of mature larva</paragraph>
<paragraph id="455DAEE68C2287FDE5FE0A5FBCAAC1FE" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
(Figures
<figureCitation id="754942FE2C865637200528164B0DE0B8" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Mecinus sicardi mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419879" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">25A-D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1766892E68A00D3EAAB0156A790A8F0B" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Mecinus sicardi mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419880" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">26A-F</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B53F42B678DD054B05C486516A6D66FC" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Measurements</emphasis>
(in mm). Body length: 2.71-3.75. Body width (abdominal segments I-II): 1.10-1.25. Head width: 0.60-0.65.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60C2C359BEDDA1E547FBAD3700E23EB5" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="9FF223C0E048BBF1CE826CF49742B3B6" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Body</emphasis>
(Figure
<figureCitation id="66A979A3941F556A9333FFD88040E4BD" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Mecinus sicardi mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419879" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">25A-D</figureCitation>
) yellowish, slender. All thoracic segments almost equal in length. Abdominal segments I-V of almost equal length; segments VI-IX decreasing gradually to the terminal body part; segment X reduced to three anal lobes of those lateral are the largest, and dorsal the smallest (sometimes absent). Chaetotaxy weakly developed, setae capilliform, variable in length, yellow. Prothorax (Figure
<figureCitation id="9092294FAF06DC2E27F2925D99CED61E" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Mecinus sicardi mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419879" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">25B</figureCitation>
) with ten
<emphasis id="F2F659C73416FAC6994647523BD124BF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prns</emphasis>
of unequal length (seven medium length, three short); two medium
<emphasis id="D46A89C2CDEBB97DB0C659A27F165D7E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
and one medium
<emphasis id="576E1EB606EE3444B66F63D3F2DAD99B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus.</emphasis>
Meso- and metathorax (Figure
<figureCitation id="86142CC36B1A53ADC025F59A6FCF36FC" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Mecinus sicardi mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419879" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">25B</figureCitation>
) with one very short
<emphasis id="93FE6744F1075DF50E635BA024D368A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prs</emphasis>
, three
<emphasis id="07EB316DA53AA525D7564E925572AAE1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds</emphasis>
, different in length (
<emphasis id="C02A7BC73ED66E9707F607DA728FB27E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds1,3</emphasis>
very short,
<emphasis id="0FA13872392EAF6730C9EB9F2DADA087" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds2</emphasis>
medium); one short
<emphasis id="8330B56849EC609C0A6190D4E7C7A0A2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
, three short
<emphasis id="39BB19528FB3FD11BBD3718B64B29A4E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ss</emphasis>
, one medium long
<emphasis id="1B0F9480A17B326853A8F6C8FC680909" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eps</emphasis>
, one medium long
<emphasis id="A4699529BB0CED97B209E48B9BC9E28E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
and one medium
<emphasis id="737073109F5DB2C8792A63D5C6A56D89" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus.</emphasis>
Pedal area with five
<emphasis id="32C0940F6DAC9FB0773A09CC75230E77" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pda</emphasis>
, different in length. Abdominal segments I-VIII (Figure
<figureCitation id="0D79004D92A48E90634C445916D05B8E" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Mecinus sicardi mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419879" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">25C, D</figureCitation>
) with one short
<emphasis id="595FBA0832E48F76B51185D33DF33BE5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prs</emphasis>
, four
<emphasis id="B97EF23AE8AB5480D54F629975F07142" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds</emphasis>
of different length (
<emphasis id="956F608E72993D39E36294B08FCAAF2A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds1,2,4</emphasis>
short,
<emphasis id="63979A5DFDAB6448D24B82C140244D39" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds3</emphasis>
medium; all
<emphasis id="EF1241B008FA7209AE0A790D423AB5CC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds</emphasis>
on segments VI-VIII very long, equal in length) arranged along the posterior margin, one short and one medium
<emphasis id="741E4A837DD4FDD170463C3A53C3ED84" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ss</emphasis>
, two medium
<emphasis id="282D61BC7B3CF6F0E985FF0645B5F335" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eps</emphasis>
, one medium
<emphasis id="8509B69A7FECE5B0EA790D4A0E45433C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
, one medium
<emphasis id="78970488125CD3E6071CAFD940BC7C59" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lsts</emphasis>
and two relatively long
<emphasis id="6D33C0A0C27153D303AEE6168FEAFF82" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus.</emphasis>
Abdominal segment IX (Figure
<figureCitation id="F8B3BB4664DC6B7139BD936E08496750" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Mecinus sicardi mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419879" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">25D</figureCitation>
) with three very long
<emphasis id="E2815BA3B43C215D09D1A7EC7F2BDEF5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
, all located close to the posterior margin, one medium
<emphasis id="1B65D7F118930802BC739CAD4C7DB3E3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
and two medium
<emphasis id="33E972D731AC6AB90B9255E6C4EEF893" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sts.</emphasis>
Each of lateral anal lobe with two minute setae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DC6801C41F551AE1113DF3E5FA77D51C" doi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419879" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 25" startId="F25">
<paragraph id="D870D34EE571AFFCEB871DB01299B20C" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="6838728022555579213FE0BBD5334B6D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Figure 25.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B1E8B92D64DAB6BC8746C31963B6D4B7" authorityName="Hustache" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus sicardi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicardi">
<emphasis id="EFCFCA7C4B2F14D669A950D7822A53DA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Mecinus sicardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy
<emphasis id="6CFD3266E1197EA8D199CFA546DFC8F1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
habitus of the body and frontal view of the head
<emphasis id="371A7123570DA212F8C40FD44A00294A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
lateral view of thoracic segments
<emphasis id="8C7D87CC30098CDBC21A05E29F799A45" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
lateral view of abdominal segment I
<emphasis id="9F9199D1885A9769B61622EBEDD42556" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">D</emphasis>
lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae:
<emphasis id="E138926D46EB97E67E3977B56E40FB93" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
- alar,
<emphasis id="68DFA51C974B84E1EAB4B942FF7B9D51" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
- dorsal,
<emphasis id="6BBB8D818EA6683F1EC9203664DDD9E9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eps</emphasis>
- epipleural,
<emphasis id="41E205D3402B32F96AA8CFA88B1876C9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus</emphasis>
- eusternal,
<emphasis id="EA100FE4E182C984AFD3A9308C8A4847" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lsts</emphasis>
- laterosternal,
<emphasis id="774F3A5F444F0FD70B369556D71EA9D7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pda</emphasis>
- pedal,
<emphasis id="55CC00E1D5F6D367E68C50B946258E92" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds</emphasis>
- postdorsal,
<emphasis id="DE94C2F28B0430A780C2BF863AAAD636" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prns</emphasis>
- pronotal,
<emphasis id="4403931097FF78C27366A21CBD112E09" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prs</emphasis>
- prodorsal,
<emphasis id="7B1E4C519D84ABB3B95646F07B24884C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
- pleural,
<emphasis id="6821F248F9ED51EC41467F1805CC2025" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ss</emphasis>
- spiracular,
<emphasis id="3F015C3346EAE02924C8AC0B0A181329" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sts</emphasis>
- sternal,
<emphasis id="BAA291A5A5C3D73332E736746157D4F4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ts</emphasis>
- terminal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="88040C2A613280969B8F1F33BC622475" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="04B0469F9811809D2F51A4E55E5EB5DE" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Head capsule</emphasis>
(Figures
<figureCitation id="D1AD9E3D4D587FC88E849D48D11C31EC" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Mecinus sicardi mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419879" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">25A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="981B05B12BB6EA499F4FB3E472984B51" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Mecinus sicardi mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419880" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">26A-F</figureCitation>
) yellow, distinctly narrowed bilaterally.
<emphasis id="079119534AF00910373F1531DB0F9875" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Des1-3,5</emphasis>
equal in length,
<emphasis id="3C308848F95421C3467A881CD6B98406" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des4</emphasis>
twice shorter than other
<emphasis id="A73C3CD7EC6C60DBFEE9D2CF7B6B474A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des. Fs1,4,5</emphasis>
long, equal in length,
<emphasis id="D04248F357AED985E175AAC1EDC09704" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fs3</emphasis>
medium.
<emphasis id="75A1A34F9E8F22241CA29923614DF14C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Les1</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="680A44E98B645EE3704729392277AC74" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">les2</emphasis>
medium, equal in length; two
<emphasis id="8EDC7C4CF0BA7335C07A0F88F8B70281" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ves</emphasis>
short; four
<emphasis id="9D7FF903DF2FA242FFD939DB786397C4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pes</emphasis>
spine-like (Figure
<figureCitation id="242626FA25E01D921FC6E195EB4E6694" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Mecinus sicardi mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419880" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">26A</figureCitation>
). Two stemmata of different size. Antennae (Figure
<figureCitation id="D091EEB9A7F8E07B4346CAD64FC98D45" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Mecinus sicardi mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419880" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">26B</figureCitation>
) with sensorium (Se) conical, twice as long as wide, located medially, and three sensilla of different types: one sa and two sb. Clypeus (Figure
<figureCitation id="E5B3D4CA2E03BE1E879DD44F8DE136CD" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Mecinus sicardi mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419880" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">26C</figureCitation>
) trapezium-shaped, anterior margin slightly concave; two medium
<emphasis id="2B62BFAEBDF5B6FD53C7DCF06AEAB9BE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">cls</emphasis>
, located posteromedially;
<emphasis id="D96F6129312E82724678CDAFF3A7147D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">clss</emphasis>
clearly visible. Labrum (Figure
<figureCitation id="4BCE5CD8B3C6B798884247180D9620ED" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Mecinus sicardi mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419880" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">26C</figureCitation>
) close to semi-circular, anterior margin sinuate;
<emphasis id="9FA2CB5014FB28647DF80B7BA05134DC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs1-3</emphasis>
almost equal in length. Epipharynx (Figure
<figureCitation id="B365A6375498D1049586BFC74FF06804" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Mecinus sicardi mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419880" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">26D</figureCitation>
) with three rod-shaped
<emphasis id="6677FF22A59434C82DC9067B11D8635E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">als</emphasis>
of almost equal length; two medium, finger-like
<emphasis id="5EC5A01D3251211B681F493CFD827116" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ams</emphasis>
; one medium, finger-like
<emphasis id="0D66DA264B3F966208B4BEF59B0A7F77" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mes</emphasis>
; surface smooth; labral rods short and relatively wide. Mandibles (Figure
<figureCitation id="2551D3124CB905C068D85D889993EC77" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Mecinus sicardi mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419880" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">26E</figureCitation>
) conical, wide, with small protuberance in the middle of the cutting edge; both
<emphasis id="39869990756C2A0CE4CB6F8747E53ADB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mds</emphasis>
capilliform, medium, equal in length, placed transversely. Maxilla (Figure
<figureCitation id="C25AA3481AA681861CDC776D61BD4510" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Mecinus sicardi mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419880" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">26F</figureCitation>
) with one
<emphasis id="5BBC1E5A2445D510D7BFE352C4B31D29" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">stps</emphasis>
and two
<emphasis id="A89CAC9F7E3748FE527CD51667C98CAD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pfs</emphasis>
of equal length;
<emphasis id="E9D4B47E39C42AB65058EC7980E41214" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mbs</emphasis>
short; mala with six rod-like
<emphasis id="012F70436D060DC44B99919E1BD44D35" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">dms</emphasis>
of almost equal size, five
<emphasis id="4B7F4A357B4ED209BE0EB7F186B306F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">vms</emphasis>
different in size. Maxillary palpi: basal palpomere slightly wider than distal, both of almost equal length. Prelabium (Figure
<figureCitation id="76CFE0DF5564DC3896B1726BDFAE63DF" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Mecinus sicardi mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419880" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">26F</figureCitation>
) cup-like with one long
<emphasis id="3C2B44546CCE20C797D0FBABC08D5CCE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prms</emphasis>
; ligula with three minute
<emphasis id="AE8B9A5A899BA0F2879405647C874B57" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ligs</emphasis>
; premental sclerite clearly visible, cup-shaped, posterior extension with acute apex. Labial palpi two-segmented; basal palpomere distinctly wider than distal, both of almost equal length. Postlabium (Figure
<figureCitation id="A2CE5CB96E58A095D2DF3C0FA53B33E5" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Mecinus sicardi mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419880" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">26F</figureCitation>
) with three
<emphasis id="8EE3D2343A2F2AE380B8ECEF93D979D3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="208837CDC55073521ADEA5C783D1D59A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms1</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B6374D70C8293F2E7E3176D1649AB828" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms3</emphasis>
short,
<emphasis id="D72F9E1B7A11CBB55BFA38E5E85FC1DD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms2</emphasis>
three times as long as
<emphasis id="C1ABE916785F93B59354DAD47DAE96C4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms1</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="45638243D0C4C55A4BF4BE4E36A365A6" doi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419880" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 26" startId="F26">
<paragraph id="28BE86F5331CEF087039425CD2692504" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="70AA613976C8752B00F460C4B622BB1F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Figure 26.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F817471DFC7BBBBFED67917E816865B8" authorityName="Hustache" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus sicardi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicardi">
<emphasis id="972C4AD328BE9EF1224ED97107AC544A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Mecinus sicardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mature larva, head and mouth parts
<emphasis id="8D0975429B4F21B0D4F6EA98A8C6EB4A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
head, frontal view
<emphasis id="2BF943DE7CA3DF00377AAA5C26CE05AE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
antenna
<emphasis id="9A419091CD1192B027CA5CEA0E0E428D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
clypeus and labrum, dorsal view
<emphasis id="B18AD962833C112C586AD5D6D2B7A3BB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">D</emphasis>
epipharynx
<emphasis id="2DDC3F80C27FCE2A91A786F590AD3EDC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">E</emphasis>
left mandible
<emphasis id="3D829D080329CB8F5CDA3EDA3E198457" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">F</emphasis>
maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="8F4437B74EA873A0D5AFBD3550296020" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">at</emphasis>
- antenna,
<emphasis id="5FD7FCD1403F86600E6252FB9BEACEBE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">clss</emphasis>
- clypeal sensorium,
<emphasis id="819EBFAE1F55B1065245E565E52AA435" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des</emphasis>
- dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae:
<emphasis id="DC30E9A754737DF3F802B42EFDD78DC0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">als</emphasis>
- anterolateral,
<emphasis id="6B2B6764AE7A0AA06368349E9055CA86" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ams</emphasis>
- anteromedial,
<emphasis id="565364BB69B058504CB92C3BAFA2B2B0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">cls</emphasis>
- clypeal,
<emphasis id="570895A4AEA81B9A61C3F74E1068E792" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">dms</emphasis>
- dorsal malar,
<emphasis id="41805FF54B28A604DB4190775E3BF2C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fs</emphasis>
- frontal,
<emphasis id="326136E3BB86E44EAF4E8003789E2D6A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ligs</emphasis>
- ligular,
<emphasis id="93A8DE7F373173209FE352D683A903F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs</emphasis>
- labral,
<emphasis id="E5F31AAF574D7B3E82A39A00A04E0E22" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ls</emphasis>
- lateral epicranial,
<emphasis id="FD9182581AA25D72C57FBD57D0AAFE32" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mbs</emphasis>
- malar basiventral,
<emphasis id="2D06CCB27E4635CB61EB1CB704D61D39" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mds</emphasis>
- mandibular,
<emphasis id="A8D4F4069EB4E4EF26AB14BA8D25E649" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mes</emphasis>
- median,
<emphasis id="4ABBF64B594D9D927E787D0736CA54EF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mxps</emphasis>
- maxillary palp,
<emphasis id="BCC6D159B265EB509FFE1F912850A6F3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pes</emphasis>
- postepicranial,
<emphasis id="FECB95B9D85BC78861FC795A2B5FA494" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ves</emphasis>
- ventral,
<emphasis id="2B45103C786797E6C47ACEA171ACFD91" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pfs</emphasis>
- palpiferal,
<emphasis id="5AA197DC3E11E1C79E693D8B0B27ECC9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms</emphasis>
- postlabial,
<emphasis id="866602A3C289149FC51D039D33B31F3D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prms</emphasis>
- prelabial,
<emphasis id="57DBA187E5470D0B71739BB05701CEB5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">stps</emphasis>
- stipal,
<emphasis id="E005688683ACD93F9C95B32B29571B62" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">vms</emphasis>
- ventral malar.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="512E1569C99DD6EB8CB336A57C5EF330" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph id="F4423CF6E13479D4D018DF47874140B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Description of pupa</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BEB5A3889C17E9BD7376BB7F31BAAEDD" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
(Figure
<figureCitation id="1FD42B40CD072D51565F26F591D109BA" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Mecinus sicardi pupa habitus and chaetotaxy A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, ur - urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, sls - postantennal, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral, sls - superlateral, sos - superorbital, vs - vertical." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419881" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">27A-C</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="D695EF536CB7C7331F2886BF3468283E" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Measurements</emphasis>
(in mm). Head width: 0.60-0.70. Body width: 1.75-2.00. Body length: 3.75-4.50.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F3151944321CA2B0DB665268409364B9" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="F44C7337F512F097AA9C31B6F26BF2AB" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Body</emphasis>
elongated, white. Rostrum moderately slender, about 3.5 times as long as wide, reaching up to mesocoxae. Antennae elongated. Pronotum 1.8 times as wide as long. Urogomphi (ur) slender, conical, with sclerotised apex, both directed outside, distinctly reaching outline of the body (Figure
<figureCitation id="1D5B281BE88E4F5FE66EFFD84C9EBF04" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Mecinus sicardi pupa habitus and chaetotaxy A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, ur - urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, sls - postantennal, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral, sls - superlateral, sos - superorbital, vs - vertical." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419881" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">27A-C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="69D11593BE977D70C4DE20C1D06E9DD0" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="6E058020D86D45BDB9B3845AF12DE500" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Chaetotaxy</emphasis>
setae medium or elongated. Head with one
<emphasis id="7B91BDB79ABB49CF3869735B9203F7DC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">vs</emphasis>
, two
<emphasis id="61C030DE9F6F8BC334B3A76DB3DB13EB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sos</emphasis>
and two
<emphasis id="B3B5B41518B2D0ABAAF1941878E9F5EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">os</emphasis>
. Rostrum with one
<emphasis id="F1C000CDE509B14AB05A5F01CFEF7F83" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pas</emphasis>
. Setae on head and rostrum straight, as long as those on prothorax (Figure
<figureCitation id="0235C0E5204EAA705C0211E7B2E27539" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Mecinus sicardi pupa habitus and chaetotaxy A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, ur - urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, sls - postantennal, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral, sls - superlateral, sos - superorbital, vs - vertical." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419881" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">27A</figureCitation>
). Pronotum with two
<emphasis id="11971E521EE3247C02FC96B851EA8881" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
, two
<emphasis id="4A53D60D0666BE8914C94A8D104C7FA8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sls</emphasis>
, two
<emphasis id="191879AFA2ABF6523D5BD084AF38DB2B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ls</emphasis>
, one
<emphasis id="753BC089424D9D21182716E6B2CDE374" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
and four
<emphasis id="6ECD6621DA398942EE0DB23185F9BD20" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pls.</emphasis>
Dorsal parts of meso- and metathorax with three setae equal in length setae placed medially. Abdominal segments I-VIII with three very short setae ventrally and two setae laterally. Dorsal parts of abdominal segments I-VII with six setae growing gradually from segment I to VII (
<emphasis id="163919586BED9AD0AE16CADB21F3FD34" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">d1</emphasis>
placed anteromedially,
<emphasis id="AB906CB4AE5279E68F4EDBE7066739F9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">d2-5</emphasis>
placed posteromedially,
<emphasis id="E5EB8D7D45736B76903169B41FAC4052" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">d6</emphasis>
posterolaterally); segment VIII with five elongated setae dorsally. Abdominal segment IX with two micro-setae ventrally.
</paragraph>
<caption id="95446A17B977714FC860CBBAB57602EB" doi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419881" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 27" startId="F27">
<paragraph id="0D7EC4B469723956567EA984D08CE8D3" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="DB5BFEAA1B912E32163D3BC7DF316FD2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Figure 27.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="994DAEEDC7FC7163242D6653591B2A94" authorityName="Hustache" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus sicardi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sicardi">
<emphasis id="B9829988F6A6353DD2A7B23133525230" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Mecinus sicardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pupa habitus and chaetotaxy
<emphasis id="A8D55B5BD864B60DF0F9C2632609FC30" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
ventral view
<emphasis id="67427B5CFE645846543B4F0F40E478B0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
lateral view
<emphasis id="8FA72E69B917A52C27E73BBFFEE71634" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, ur - urogomphi, setae:
<emphasis id="54CB90986C0A33D28B7418957EE7B628" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
- apical,
<emphasis id="38F23788F13797CF204DD5083229EF5C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">d</emphasis>
- dorsal,
<emphasis id="A0B3B0798D0758D5B014FED8C6C18D33" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
- discal,
<emphasis id="2F848CA2621F043B5FDB4B4B84AA1F69" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fes</emphasis>
- femoral,
<emphasis id="C0110052E8EBF2870292FCF4AEB78B16" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">l</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="2CC36E82BB28D24463352139C8A838D7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ls</emphasis>
- lateral,
<emphasis id="871FF7E117C728AE2D6CF24EBBF34F51" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">os</emphasis>
- orbital,
<emphasis id="CED6498DDFF2BFFA71BBE36BB5166462" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sls</emphasis>
- postantennal,
<emphasis id="B3B074F272186A4BA05EFE653B8F32C7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pls</emphasis>
- posterolateral,
<emphasis id="6FB18F8DB43197943C7B42FA76AF2D04" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">rs</emphasis>
- rostral,
<emphasis id="5115368FD2B8FBFC7747A971C9FA39D1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sls</emphasis>
- superlateral,
<emphasis id="1E0FD78CB5FDEB8659434367F3D38162" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sos</emphasis>
- superorbital,
<emphasis id="1662CCC8F3D11F0E1DB0B6D9A18BF645" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">vs</emphasis>
- vertical.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F942F0C40FAD4DD5EADDF8DCFC262FB0" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="notes">
<paragraph id="20144A122FD666451FF4BE7B09673E77" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Biological notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="70F4D5AB0A283792076593BDDCF26109" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
The host plant of this species, at least in
<normalizedToken id="5D54AABC3D9BFFF7E5FA867FF0708224" originalValue="Côte">Cote</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="2FE7A7B66C3244AAD7A09AD1EC1199A6" originalValue="d’Azur">d'Azur</normalizedToken>
, is
<taxonomicName id="29C0AC0708CB1597ADD1B693134CD93B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Antirrhinum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Antirrhinum latifolium" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latifolium">
<emphasis id="A6224335AF7A0D5DDB11E9C87DA1DE28" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Antirrhinum latifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Mill. As reported by
<bibRefCitation id="0390556BBAC5BEB10039BA888DEF8188" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3654.1.1" author="Caldara, R" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 105" refId="B8" refString="Caldara, R, Fogato, V, 2013. Systematics of the weevil genus Mecinus Germar, 1821 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). I. Taxonomic treatment of the species. Zootaxa 3654: 1 - 105, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3654.1.1" title="Systematics of the weevil genus Mecinus Germar, 1821 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). I. Taxonomic treatment of the species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3654.1.1" volume="3654" year="2013">Caldara and Fogato (2013)</bibRefCitation>
, larvae feed on the larger stems of the plant and dig tunnels, causing at most very small lateral deformations. They pupate in summer, and adults stay inside the plant until the spring of the following year. Before pupation, however, the mature larvae leave the main tunnel, which runs longitudinally, and produce a small oblique tunnel that ends just in proximity of the external cuticle of the stem. Therefore, when leaving their cells, adults have only to bore a thin layer, although in the meantime, the plant has become dry and hard.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1FD7A10056035D6D93488C926945F8C5" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="5C233332A7362A5D269A2A5E69E16FB1" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Remarks and comparative notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="912FDFC5438DC30FE5E059298A204DAE" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
The adults of this rare species, with a narrow range of distribution - in fact, it is known in a few localities of southeastern Spain, eastern and southern France, and north-western Italy - differ from the other species studied here by the black elytra instead of blue. Due to this character, this species may be superficially confused with
<taxonomicName id="8739FC133D8202754E6EE4A447AEF355" lsidName="M. pyraster" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="pyraster">
<emphasis id="164F8C23FFEB4AB1849617AA431191DE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">M. pyraster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from which it is easily distinguishable by the elytral vestiture composed of scales that are uniformly arranged and are all recumbent. The rostrum (in dorsal view) is distinctly wider, and the pronotum has sides slightly more rounded and is usually widest towards the middle. Finally, ventrite 5 of the male lacks a tuft of hairs, and the shape of the penis is different.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4A69AA593ED9C583A0CBDB506271A3F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
The larvae of this species differ from the others of the group by the abdominal segments I-VIII with two
<emphasis id="6041C261CAA07DE5976D93866F2E0004" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ss</emphasis>
(instead of three) and asperities covering only the posterior part of postlabium, whereas pupae differ in having the rostrum with only one
<emphasis id="488FBD38AB3A751CE94DC385A1314197" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sls</emphasis>
(instead of two) and without
<emphasis id="FC01A6FE35E9CC085DD16ECFF1417F0A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">rs</emphasis>
and the pronotum with four
<emphasis id="26B3C1048F649B142931208C3997B5D5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pls</emphasis>
(instead of three).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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