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<mods:title id="36573D34D9251B1065FF0C0462B5DA0A">Taxonomic status of Aphyocharaxavary Fowler, 1913, Aphyocharaxpusillus Guenther, 1868 and Chirodonalburnus Guenther, 1869 (Characiformes, Characidae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="41A9FCC88692749AA5986C5C469633F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicName id="52C18A4B2CCAAA849FBDF6ED9BBE4F12" ID-CoL="5VMRZ" authority="Guenther, 1868" authorityName="Guenther" authorityYear="1868" family="Characidae" genus="Aphyocharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphyocharax pusillus" order="Characiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusillus">
Aphyocharax pusillus
<normalizedToken id="A374DEFFDF40014684943B3AFDB9B698" originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
, 1868
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="2B4A7CF89FBAE5B6E653B745E9F3F34B" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="BD0447F34079D88E630139D240D9AE92" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicName id="0F76F9602F75757DEBF6117A1E249E5C" family="Characidae" genus="Aphyocharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphyocharax pusillus" order="Characiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusillus">Aphyocharax pusillus</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="2AA5E8276A91FECF7006D3A52A4AD040" originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
, 1868: 480. Type locality: Huallaga and Xeberos [Amazon River Basin, Peru]. Syntypes: (1) BMNH 1867.6.13.46, (2) BMNH 1867.6.13.58-59.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A62A9C4C481C017E3070B6A2A98A2A34" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicName id="AF6BE36D49D09BA801CE1FC2AFAA658F" family="Characidae" genus="Chirodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chirodon alburnus" order="Characiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alburnus">Chirodon alburnus</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="FA385D4A81D4D07CB6BD12205D5BD5F4" originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
, 1869:424: Type locality: Peruvian Amazons [Amazon River Basin, Peru]. Lectotype: BMNH 1869.5.21.10; Paralectotypes: (3) BMNH 1869.5.21.11-13. New synonym.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DD725CD41C3DC76FD1D76F2684842A92" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E15316BF560304A499BC9C4F7B3DCEC9" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D62CF55DE3A2F5AAB24220B121E9440" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
BMNH 1867.6.13.46, 1 (Syntype), Huallaga and Xeberos [Amazon River Basin, Peru], Mr. Bartlett. BMNH 1867.6.13.58-59, 2 (Syntypes), Huallaga and Xeberos [Amazon River Basin, Peru], Mr. Bartlett. BMNH 1869.5.21.10, 1 (Lectotype of
<taxonomicName id="7F9B15BE05646A6C33E48EB06118922A" family="Characidae" genus="Chirodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chirodon alburnus" order="Characiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alburnus">Chirodon alburnus</taxonomicName>
), [Amazon River, Peru]. BMNH 1869.5.21.11-13, 3 (Paralectotypes of
<taxonomicName id="03504D515178FCAF7495F88458F640F1" family="Characidae" genus="Chirodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chirodon alburnus" order="Characiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alburnus">Chirodon alburnus</taxonomicName>
), [Amazon River, Peru].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3B61CDBF8B666330D233DB87F27956D2" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="A6679C724815C57DF3ED57799F494C1C" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="72DCAE02C46C4DDDFEA2B32F0605D5C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicName id="B0659DD07DBB4EB34F8E3E969408EC79" family="Characidae" genus="Aphyocharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphyocharax pusillus" order="Characiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusillus">Aphyocharax pusillus</taxonomicName>
differs from all of its congeners, except
<taxonomicName id="EA48F0B00BFDEA3FF2905888E457BEDA" lsidName="A. avary" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" rank="species" species="avary">A. avary</taxonomicName>
, by having black or dark brown middle caudal-fin rays (Figs 1-3;
<bibRefCitation id="921BCB29B379C02B2D7D740ACC8BCFCC" author="Guenther, A" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" pagination="423 - 429" title="Descriptions of some species of fishes from the Peruvian Amazons." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1869.tb07347.x" volume="2" year="1869">
<normalizedToken id="D13AEAD756E639B097FB3EC7374E55D5" originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
1869
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, fig. 2).
<taxonomicName id="BDFBFF8EC2FD328DF236FBFA6B18DC0E" family="Characidae" genus="Aphyocharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphyocharax pusillus" order="Characiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusillus">Aphyocharax pusillus</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="324BB99164646E9227198272C1359A9E" lsidName="A. avary" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" rank="species" species="avary">A. avary</taxonomicName>
by having fewer maxillary teeth, spread along the proximal half of the bone (Fig. 4
<normalizedToken id="B94EF91CB0BF3E16C5BD37D735054278" originalValue="BG">B-G</normalizedToken>
) [vs. more maxillary teeth spread along 2/3 of the maxillary extension (Fig. 4A].
</paragraph>
<caption id="E1AFCBD612FD43818F245131224EAA6C" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
<paragraph id="75472143DF75C3FE8BE2156FEF4CEB03" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
Figure 1. Syntypes of
<taxonomicName id="AFB55DA466BF1B72A86D5C88D523CC73" family="Characidae" genus="Aphyocharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphyocharax pusillus" order="Characiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusillus">Aphyocharax pusillus</taxonomicName>
: BMNH 1867.6.13.58-59. Photographed by Kevin Webb.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="56033199857BC18398FB3F3C8EED2917" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
<paragraph id="8A4F39985F212683C5F97F0E6D77ADDA" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
Figure 2. Lectotype of
<taxonomicName id="5F02262D41F6604296F2214E812538D4" family="Characidae" genus="Aphyocharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphyocharax alburnus" order="Characiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alburnus">Aphyocharax alburnus</taxonomicName>
: BMNH 1869.5.21.10. Photographed by Harry Taylor.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C0D625B54CAF04F693AE6504D6CB0246" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
<paragraph id="E4FEFB4DF29D18C2B420E025FB206F01" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
Figure 3. Recently preserved specimens of
<taxonomicName id="230B15AE71F41469E261EF221A5DAAD8" family="Characidae" genus="Aphyocharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphyocharax pusillus" order="Characiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusillus">Aphyocharax pusillus</taxonomicName>
: ANSP 178013, 4, 33.1-54.8 mm SL, Peru, Loreto, Rio Napo (Amazon river basin), right bank just upstream from mouth of Mazan river, near town of Mazan (
<geoCoordinate id="28FA6CD0EB257986E7B7F106DAB64538" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-3.4861112">3°29'10&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="2481CA452DFAECC521E73C7F536E8019" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-73.10667">
73°6'24
<normalizedToken id="992223AB609D4100E47618CA612A63EC" originalValue="">''</normalizedToken>
W
</geoCoordinate>
). Photographed by Mark Sabaj Perez.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B65B9C0CEC21BB0ECC70819A39D81622" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" type="morphological notes">
<paragraph id="4E88ACCE410F67B1E9436BFE87060996" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">Morphological notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC42676C311D0CF866EEEA4E388A34D2" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">Meristic data of the type specimens are presented in Table 1. Body shape generally fusiform, slightly elongate, greatest body depth slightly anterior to dorsal-fin base. Dorsal body profile straight or slightly convex from snout to vertical through anterior nostrils; straight or slightly convex from posterior nostrils to tip of supraoccipital bone; straight or slightly convex from this point to dorsal-fin origin; slightly convex along dorsal-fin base; postdorsal profile straight from base of last dorsal-fin ray to adipose-fin origin; slightly concave from adipose-fin to end of caudal peduncle. Ventral profile convex from snout to pelvic-fin insertion; straight or slightly convex from this point to anal-fin origin; straight and posterodorsally-aligned along anal-fin base; postventral profile slightly concave from base of last anal-fin ray to end of caudal peduncle. Snout rounded. Mouth terminal, Lower jaw protrudes slightly beyond upper jaw when mouth closed; aligned approximately to middle of eye. Long and truncated snout, with its length larger than orbital diameter. Mouth terminal; upper jaw slightly larger than lower one. Maxillary bone surpassing a vertical line through middle of the eye; maxillary teeth small and conical, spread along proximal half of the bone. Lateral line interrupted; last scale on caudal-fin base.</paragraph>
<caption id="C842E162CCF0CBD0EB70580E917AC40A" ID-Table-UUID="C842E162CCF0CBD0EB70580E917AC40A" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C842E162CCF0CBD0EB70580E917AC40A" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
<paragraph id="66E5C8F3249E7181BB23DDAC564D87A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
Table 1. Meristic data of
<taxonomicName id="82E86471A2A60EC4741999B051C826F8" family="Characidae" genus="Chirodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chirodon alburnus" order="Characiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alburnus">Chirodon alburnus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="ECAA587663719E9866035E6453106FA0" family="Characidae" genus="Aphyocharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphyocharax pusillus." order="Characiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusillus.">Aphyocharax pusillus.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="EE50A96C24A769C280CC51E8DD6FDE45" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
<table id="673B16D4614CCF075175006D58679F51" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
<tr id="FF8471A653FD531A87C198C2275B1601" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
<th id="1AB95C03683BF06AF23706E8E685EBEF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" rowspan="1">Measurements</th>
<th id="EEA06A0991FCE5B59CFC27248289362A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" rowspan="1">
<named-content id="6DF9E56F43DEBE6AE408B2BC323F0081" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">BMNH</named-content>
1867.6.13.46
<taxonomicName id="01DBB4DD1BEBA14D009C3B898FB1926C" lsidName="A. pusillus" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" rank="species" species="pusillus">A. pusillus</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="0D5C715D3B8A9C7F1E39522D7714929D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" rowspan="1">
<named-content id="53F5292FDBDA2176C11B8BB5665A0AE4" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">BMNH</named-content>
1867.6.13.58-59
<taxonomicName id="3FEC3568561978B41496EF3F46790439" lsidName="A. pusillus" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" rank="species" species="pusillus">A. pusillus</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="B5C46EA2D3ABA9E62908ED05E4E19BC8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" rowspan="1">
<named-content id="AB33689CE2E47CC66CC4E654861C47A8" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">BMNH</named-content>
1869.5.21.10
<taxonomicName id="C302448EAB1C7F0DC65F519B5CDFBDE6" lsidName="C. alburnus" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" rank="species" species="alburnus">C. alburnus</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="234884F27278062F5387A58D45DD8254" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" rowspan="1">
<named-content id="A32971462291CD9360A22A31906A560A" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">BMNH</named-content>
1869.5.21.11-13
<taxonomicName id="ED951197C2DEB2F7A0DE2242FB5CB823" lsidName="C. alburnus" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" rank="species" species="alburnus">C. alburnus</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B50865AFED1EEE8EB404F389121F1F3" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
There no mention of the presence of a humeral spot in the original description of either
<taxonomicName id="C887F5B28D50C7B89BA3F619B001B745" lsidName="A. pusillus" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" rank="species" species="pusillus">A. pusillus</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="AE12B670216C5993FC30E2FC5C6C3B26" lsidName="C. alburnus" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" rank="species" species="alburnus">C. alburnus</taxonomicName>
. Additionally, the type materials of both species do not show any humeral spot. The illustration of
<taxonomicName id="8AE02DBEB0F45DE7EF6F2E2831C2E092" lsidName="C. alburnus" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" rank="species" species="alburnus">C. alburnus</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="80486E9068D81D2AB17B085A1DBFD976" author="Guenther, A" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" pagination="423 - 429" title="Descriptions of some species of fishes from the Peruvian Amazons." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1869.tb07347.x" volume="2" year="1869">
<normalizedToken id="961EF7CF2F9D7A26C87841AF849B8BF4" originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
(1869
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, fig. 2), however, gives the impression of the possible presence of a very inconspicuous humeral spot. However, the examination of recently preserved specimens of
<taxonomicName id="1D48FF7368B5258D76D7D1227A66118E" lsidName="A. pusillus" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" rank="species" species="pusillus">A. pusillus</taxonomicName>
evidences that a very inconspicuous humeral spot could be present on larger recently preserved specimens (Fig. 3). Thus, we conclude that: it does not exhibit a humeral spot on smaller specimens or on specimens preserved several years ago; or it could possess a very inconspicuous humeral spot on larger and recently preserved specimens (Figs 1-3;
<bibRefCitation id="4E05F9D8F738BF3B591359A6F78FF436" author="Guenther, A" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" pagination="423 - 429" title="Descriptions of some species of fishes from the Peruvian Amazons." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1869.tb07347.x" volume="2" year="1869">
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1869
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 2). Nominal taxa have black or dark brown middle caudal-fin rays (Figs 1-3;
<bibRefCitation id="238B2F7CF68EBC56F0E019CBBF1940DB" author="Guenther, A" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" pagination="423 - 429" title="Descriptions of some species of fishes from the Peruvian Amazons." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1869.tb07347.x" volume="2" year="1869">
<normalizedToken id="6D063F7D56C3078C3B07F9BFEA941D97" originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
1869
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 2).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="53B1291FBCBC4FC95F4DBAD6CDFD3B51" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="A0520F30322C0403467E23524470F70E" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="531303397306090AF0649AC006F2FD30" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicName id="5062081CDD91D7EB914C95812AD83328" family="Characidae" genus="Aphyocharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphyocharax pusillus" order="Characiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusillus">Aphyocharax pusillus</taxonomicName>
is the type species of the genus, designated by monotypy. The specimens were collected by Mr. Bartlett in Xeberos and Huallaga (Amazon River Basin, Peru), and succinctly described by
<bibRefCitation id="6E45CFBF0FEBF92549375A6D0A4A1470" author="Guenther, A" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" pagination="475 - 481" title="Diagnoses of some new freshwater fishes from Surinam and Brazil, in the collection of the British Museum." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222936808695733" volume="1" year="1868">
<normalizedToken id="2E3DD9D673939283D36CBBC4F2151D27" originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
(1868)
</bibRefCitation>
; A.
<normalizedToken id="15D6C5303760F6399280761000C36994" originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
did not, however, state the number of specimens used for the description.
<bibRefCitation id="41BA374885D651A2B3F9407FF10E6674" author="Eschmeyer, WN" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" url="http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp" year="2018">Eschmeyer et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
cite two lots as syntypes (BMNH 1867.6.13.46, 1 syntype, and BMNH 1867.6.13.58-59, 2 syntypes), and this material was examined in the present work.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="94242C001E30ABA369DA272078C0BF1F" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicName id="8A4C7E2DA8322B9B4F384CAEE567F2C3" family="Characidae" genus="Chirodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chirodon alburnus" order="Characiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alburnus">Chirodon alburnus</taxonomicName>
was succinctly described by
<bibRefCitation id="33274015EDEE700666E4C738885E8AE2" author="Guenther, A" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" pagination="423 - 429" title="Descriptions of some species of fishes from the Peruvian Amazons." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1869.tb07347.x" volume="2" year="1869">
<normalizedToken id="E562BF2FB68B0E59DDA9625933833A32" originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
(1869)
</bibRefCitation>
as belonging to the genus
<taxonomicName id="58D9E91B14DA40E1D188EDA0F3F04AFB" family="Characidae" genus="Chirodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chirodon" order="Characiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chirodon</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="4F5EEAFA170CC33EEA0CC16EA8EB4B7F" originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
, 1864 because he overlooked the presence of maxillary teeth on the type specimens of
<taxonomicName id="F50EA31B5F224E851B810F04A0316E0E" lsidName="C. alburnus" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" rank="species" species="alburnus">C. alburnus</taxonomicName>
. According to Maclaine (per. com.), Rosana Souza-Lima designated the specimens BMNH 1869.5.21.10 and BMNH 1869.5.21.11-13 as the lectotype and paralectotypes, respectively, of
<taxonomicName id="D2CA5AA54013B907AC0C2E082F586F89" family="Characidae" genus="Chirodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chirodon alburnus" order="Characiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alburnus">Chirodon alburnus</taxonomicName>
in 2003, but that designation was never published. We concur, and so formally designate BMNH 1869.5.21.10 and BMNH 1869.5.21.11-13 as the lectotype and paralectotypes, respectively, of
<taxonomicName id="CAE90DFA4689B844D5ED2DFD98631B16" family="Characidae" genus="Chirodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chirodon alburnus" order="Characiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alburnus">Chirodon alburnus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8828E6AE6F7F0A527D604A052D883B9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="393">
Based on the information presented here (type material examination, original descriptions, and the literature) we conclude that
<taxonomicName id="719D6BBF7EB96992A8546106DD5E72BF" family="Characidae" genus="Chirodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chirodon alburnus" order="Characiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alburnus">Chirodon alburnus</taxonomicName>
is a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="E78C6619CC1772357F317C019CD22E45" family="Characidae" genus="Aphyocharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphyocharax pusillus" order="Characiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusillus">Aphyocharax pusillus</taxonomicName>
- as there are no clear diagnostic character states that distinguish those two species. Additionally, the type locality of
<taxonomicName id="490236B9F2B9562B5ACFEB04EA586ED5" family="Characidae" genus="Chirodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chirodon alburnus" order="Characiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alburnus">Chirodon alburnus</taxonomicName>
is imprecise (&quot;Peruvian Amazon&quot;), encompassing the type locality of
<taxonomicName id="C25399CAF71FA6EAB62EFECD1B1311F3" family="Characidae" genus="Aphyocharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphyocharax pusillus" order="Characiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusillus">Aphyocharax pusillus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>