432 lines
45 KiB
XML
432 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.987.51366" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5c1bc93a-1b31-41dc-989e-95844807cdd3" ID-PMC="PMC7666070" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-987-81" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FB30F547E0B75F869C200ABDF08EAE75" ID-PubMed="33223886" ID-ZooBank="CFC20F09580A49BEBE3DDA64C11F12B0" ModsDocID="1313-2970-987-81" checkinTime="1604753951663" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Castillejos-Lemus, Dohuglas Eliseo, Oyama, Ken & Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis" docDate="2020" docId="F75CFB1690BA56BF94089389D6CDAF7D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 987: 81-114" docOrigin="ZooKeys 987" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.987.51366" docTitle="Amphibolips magnigalla Nieves-Aldrey & Castillejos-Lemus 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="34858B85-8A3C-4675-9ADD-76BABA811ABA" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="FB30F547E0B75F869C200ABDF08EAE75" lastPageNumber="81" masterDocId="FB30F547E0B75F869C200ABDF08EAE75" masterDocTitle="Description of three new species of oak gallwasps of the genus Amphibolips Reinhard from Mexico (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae)" masterLastPageNumber="114" masterPageNumber="81" pageNumber="81" updateTime="1668169785441" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Description of three new species of oak gallwasps of the genus Amphibolips Reinhard from Mexico (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Castillejos-Lemus, Dohuglas Eliseo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES) Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM). Antigua Carretera a Patzcuaro 8701, Ex-Hacienda de San Jose de la Huerta, 58190, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0013-5242</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">castillejos.lemus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Oyama, Ken</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES) Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM). Antigua Carretera a Patzcuaro 8701, Ex-Hacienda de San Jose de la Huerta, 58190, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC). Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>987</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>81</mods:start>
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<mods:end>114</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.987.51366</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.987.51366</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-987-81</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">CFC20F09580A49BEBE3DDA64C11F12B0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FB30F547E0B75F869C200ABDF08EAE75</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168821813" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:34858B85-8A3C-4675-9ADD-76BABA811ABA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F75CFB1690BA56BF94089389D6CDAF7D" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName LSID="F75CFB16-90BA-56BF-9408-9389D6CDAF7D" authority="Nieves-Aldrey & Castillejos-Lemus" authorityName="Nieves-Aldrey & Castillejos-Lemus" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Amphibolips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphibolips magnigalla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnigalla" status="sp. nov.">Amphibolips magnigalla Nieves-Aldrey & Castillejos-Lemus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="81">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov., female A head, anterior view B frons and vertex C mesosoma, dorsal view D scutellum, dorsal view E mesosoma, lateral view F propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472545" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov., male A head, anterior view B head, posterior view C mesosoma, dorsal view D scutellum and propodeum E mesosoma, lateral view F metasoma, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472546" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">, 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov. A female metasoma, lateral view B female hypopygium, ventral view C female antenna D female metasoma, dorsal view E male antenna F detail of apical flagellomeres in male antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472547" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">, 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov. A female forewing B male forewing C female habitus D male habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472548" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">, 4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov. A-B galls C-D sections of galls." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472549" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">, 5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Holotype</emphasis>
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: 1♀ in the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain (MNCN), mounted (glued) on a card. Mexico, Oaxaca, Comaltepec,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="33" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="50" value="17.563889">17°33'50"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="96" direction="west" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="20" value="-96.55556">96°33'20"W</geoCoordinate>
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, ca. 2330 m alt.; ex gall
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Trel" authorityYear="1924" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus zempoaltepecana" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zempoaltepecana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Quercus zempoaltepecana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus subsp. sect." order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Lobatae">Quercus sect. Lobatae</taxonomicName>
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), gall collected 21/04/2018, insect emerged 30/04/2018. D. Castillejos-Lemus leg.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Paratypes</emphasis>
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: 5♂, same data as holotype but emerged 1-3/05/2018. Two paratype ♂ were dissected and mounted on a stub for SEM observation in the MNCN. Other materials: 4♂, same data as paratypes, preserved in ethanol (in MNCN and Castillejos-Lemus collection, Morelia, Mexico). Additional material: 3 galls, one dissected (in MNCN).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Named after the strikingly-large size of the galls of this species.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Diagnosis and comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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This new species belongs to the group of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Reinhard" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Amphibolips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphibolips" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Amphibolips</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species that have a forewing with a transversal clear band that is variable in size and extends towards medial and cubital veins to the ventral margin of the wing (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3545.1.1" author="Nieves-Aldrey, JL" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 40" refId="B22" refString="Nieves-Aldrey, JL, Pascual, E, Maldonado-Lopez, Y, Medianero, E, Oyama, K, 2012. Revision of the Amphibolips species of Mexico excluding the " niger complex" Kinsey (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), with description of seven new species. Zootaxa 3545: 1 - 40, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3545.1.1" title="Revision of the Amphibolips species of Mexico excluding the " niger complex " Kinsey (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), with description of seven new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3545.1.1" volume="3545" year="2012">Nieves-Aldrey et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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). The aforementioned group comprises
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Amphibolips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphibolips castroviejoi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castroviejoi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Amphibolips castroviejoi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Panama,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Amphibolips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphibolips trizonata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trizonata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Amphibolips trizonata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Ashmead, 1896 from Arizona (USA) and the Mexican
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Amphibolips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphibolips durangensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durangensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Amphibolips durangensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Nieves-Aldrey & Maldonado, 2012,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. dampfi" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="dampfi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A. dampfi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the recently described
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. cibriani" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="cibriani">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A. cibriani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Pujade-Villar, 2018 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Pujade-Villar, J" journalOrPublisher="Dugesiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="151 - 158" refId="B25" refString="Pujade-Villar, J, Barrera-Ruiz, UM, Cuesta-Porta, V, 2018. Descripcion de Amphibolips cibriani Pujade-Villar n. sp. para Mexico (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Dugesiana 25 (2): 151 - 158" title="Descripcion de Amphibolips cibriani Pujade-Villar n. sp. para Mexico (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini)." volume="25" year="2018">Pujade-Villar et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
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). However, the forewing pattern of the new species is different from that of all the referenced species. The transversal clear band is larger and broader and extends to two-thirds of the radial cell in both sexes and the basal third of the wing is more heavily infuscate in the male (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov. A female forewing B male forewing C female habitus D male habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472548" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">4A, B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nieves-Aldrey & Castillejos-Lemus" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Amphibolips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphibolips magnigalla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnigalla">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Amphibolips magnigalla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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shares with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Amphibolips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphibolips dampfi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dampfi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Amphibolips dampfi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. castroviejoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="castroviejoi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A. castroviejoi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the other two new species described herein, a mesoscutellum emarginate posteriorly. However, the emargination is comparatively less deep in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. magnigalla" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="magnigalla">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A. magnigalla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov., female A head, anterior view B frons and vertex C mesosoma, dorsal view D scutellum, dorsal view E mesosoma, lateral view F propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472545" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">1C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov., male A head, anterior view B head, posterior view C mesosoma, dorsal view D scutellum and propodeum E mesosoma, lateral view F metasoma, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472546" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">2C</figureCitation>
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). Besides the main character of the forewing, the four species can be readily distinguished by the characters provided in the identification key in this paper.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472545" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nieves-Aldrey & Castillejos-Lemus" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Amphibolips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphibolips magnigalla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnigalla">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Amphibolips magnigalla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., female
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A</emphasis>
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head, anterior view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">B</emphasis>
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frons and vertex
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C</emphasis>
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mesosoma, dorsal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">D</emphasis>
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scutellum, dorsal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">E</emphasis>
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mesosoma, lateral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">F</emphasis>
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propodeum.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472546" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nieves-Aldrey & Castillejos-Lemus" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Amphibolips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphibolips magnigalla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnigalla">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Amphibolips magnigalla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., male
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A</emphasis>
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head, anterior view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">B</emphasis>
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head, posterior view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C</emphasis>
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mesosoma, dorsal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">D</emphasis>
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scutellum and propodeum
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">E</emphasis>
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mesosoma, lateral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">F</emphasis>
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metasoma, ventral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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Regarding the gall, the new species is easily distinguished by its large spindle-shaped gall (approximately 10 cm in length
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.5 cm in diameter), which is at least 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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larger than any other spindle-shaped gall described from Mexico.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Amphibolips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphibolips fusus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Amphibolips fusus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. durangensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="durangensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A. durangensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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induce galls morphologically similar to the gall of the new species. However, besides the differences in size, the inner structure of the gall induced by the referenced species is different, being filled with a dense soft tissue, while the inner structure of the gall induced by the new species is often almost empty, with visible radiating filaments from the central larval cell.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Body length: 5.8 mm (n = 1) for females; 5.2 mm (n = 3) for males.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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Female (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov. A female forewing B male forewing C female habitus D male habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472548" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">4C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body almost entirely black; antennae, except two basal segments, mandibles, metasoma ventrally, hypopygium and parts of tibiae and tarsi, chestnut. Forewing predominantly black infuscate, except a wide clear transversal band that starts in the distal two thirds of radial cell and extends towards discoidal and cubital cell, almost reaching ventral margin of forewing. Another non-infuscate band extended from the posterior part of the costal cell towards the Rs+M vein and reached the cubital vein (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov. A female forewing B male forewing C female habitus D male habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472548" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Head, in dorsal view 2.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
wider than long. POL:OOL:DOL as 23:44:14. Head in anterior view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov., female A head, anterior view B frons and vertex C mesosoma, dorsal view D scutellum, dorsal view E mesosoma, lateral view F propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472545" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">1A</figureCitation>
|
||
) 1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
wider than high, gena slightly broadened behind eye. Vertex, frons, lower face, gena and occiput with strong reticulate-rugose sculpture (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov., female A head, anterior view B frons and vertex C mesosoma, dorsal view D scutellum, dorsal view E mesosoma, lateral view F propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472545" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">1B</figureCitation>
|
||
); two longitudinal carina present, extending from ventral margin of toruli to converge towards the anterior tentorial pits; irradiating carinae from clypeus absent; head moderately pubescent, except in vertex and frons. Clypeus more or less hexagonal, ventral margin strongly projecting over mandibles and slightly sinuate on anterior margin. Anterior tentorial pits well visible; epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal lines slightly discernible. Malar space 0.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
height of compound eye. Toruli situated mid-height of compound eye; transfacial line 1.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
height of an eye; distance between antennal rim and compound eye slightly shorter than width of antennal socket including rim. Ocellar plate slightly raised.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Head posterior view (male) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov., male A head, anterior view B head, posterior view C mesosoma, dorsal view D scutellum and propodeum E mesosoma, lateral view F metasoma, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472546" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">2B</figureCitation>
|
||
), heavily pubescent, with occiput coarsely rugose; dorsally the sculpture is transversely ribbed. Two carinae present, arising from dorsal part of the occipital foramen and ventrally continuing past posterior tentorial pits; posterior tentorial pits rounded; gular sulci united meeting at hypostoma. Posterodorsal margin of oral foramen not margined medially; hypostomal ridges well separated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Mouthparts (male) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov., male A head, anterior view B head, posterior view C mesosoma, dorsal view D scutellum and propodeum E mesosoma, lateral view F metasoma, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472546" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
), mandibles strong, exposed; with dense setae in base, right mandible with three teeth; left with two teeth. Cardo of maxilla not visible, maxillary stipes 4.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide. Maxillary palp with five segments. Labial palp with three segments; apical peg of last labial and maxillary segments present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Antenna (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov. A female metasoma, lateral view B female hypopygium, ventral view C female antenna D female metasoma, dorsal view E male antenna F detail of apical flagellomeres in male antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472547" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">3C</figureCitation>
|
||
), of moderate length, 0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as body length; with 13 antennomeres; flagellum not broadening towards apex; with relatively long, erect setae. Relative length/width of antennal segments as: 0.29(0.16):0.12(0.16):0.44(0.15):0.32(0.14):0.25(0.15):0.24(0.16):0.21(0.15):0.19(0.15): 0.17(0.14): 0.16(0.15):0.16(0.15):0.16(0.15):0.32(0.14). Pedicel (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov. A female metasoma, lateral view B female hypopygium, ventral view C female antenna D female metasoma, dorsal view E male antenna F detail of apical flagellomeres in male antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472547" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">3C</figureCitation>
|
||
) short, small, broader than long, 0.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as scape; F1 1.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as F2. F8-F10 as long as wide, F11 2.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide, 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as F10. Placodeal sensilla on F5-F11, disposed in dense rows of 6-8 sensilla, only in half dorsal area of each flagellomere.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472547" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nieves-Aldrey & Castillejos-Lemus" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Amphibolips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphibolips magnigalla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnigalla">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Amphibolips magnigalla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A</emphasis>
|
||
female metasoma, lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">B</emphasis>
|
||
female hypopygium, ventral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C</emphasis>
|
||
female antenna
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">D</emphasis>
|
||
female metasoma, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">E</emphasis>
|
||
male antenna
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">F</emphasis>
|
||
detail of apical flagellomeres in male antenna.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472548" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nieves-Aldrey & Castillejos-Lemus" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Amphibolips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphibolips magnigalla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnigalla">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Amphibolips magnigalla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A</emphasis>
|
||
female forewing
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">B</emphasis>
|
||
male forewing
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C</emphasis>
|
||
female habitus
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">D</emphasis>
|
||
male habitus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Mesosoma in lateral view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov., female A head, anterior view B frons and vertex C mesosoma, dorsal view D scutellum, dorsal view E mesosoma, lateral view F propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472545" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">1E</figureCitation>
|
||
) 1.12
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as high. Pronotum, moderately pubescent; lateral surface of pronotum with strong irregular reticulate rugose sculpture. Pronotum medially short; ratio of length of pronotum medially/laterally = 0.2. Pronotal plate indistinct dorsally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Mesonotum. Mesoscutum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov., female A head, anterior view B frons and vertex C mesosoma, dorsal view D scutellum, dorsal view E mesosoma, lateral view F propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472545" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">1C</figureCitation>
|
||
) barely pubescent and with strong reticulate-rugose sculpture, the interspaces smooth and shining. Notauli somewhat obscured by the coarse sculpture, but visible; strongly convergent posteriorly; longitudinal median impression, not discernible. Anteroadmedian signa quite visible, extended back to near one half of mesoscutum; parapsidal signa distinct. Transscutal fissure narrow, sinuate. Mesoscutellum 1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide; about 0.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as mesoscutum. Scutellar foveae (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov., female A head, anterior view B frons and vertex C mesosoma, dorsal view D scutellum, dorsal view E mesosoma, lateral view F propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472545" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">1D</figureCitation>
|
||
) rounded, elongated posteriorly, about 0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as mesoscutellum, separated medially by a groove, the foveae are deep, mostly smooth anteriorly and crossed posteriorly by irregular transversal rugae, the intervals smooth, posterior margins indistinct. Mesoscutellum strongly coarsely rugose, with a deep and broad median longitudinal impression which makes the mesoscutellum strongly emarginate posteriorly (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov., female A head, anterior view B frons and vertex C mesosoma, dorsal view D scutellum, dorsal view E mesosoma, lateral view F propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472545" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">1D</figureCitation>
|
||
); the emargination reaches anteriorly the scutellar foveae. In lateral view, the posterior emargination of mesoscutellum is seen as two, slightly curved upwards, horn-like projections. Mesoscutellum in lateral view with the posterodorsal extension of body of subaxillular strip short, not reaching one half of mesoscutellar height. Mesopleuron coarsely reticulate rugose, the rugae not as strong as in mesoscutum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov., female A head, anterior view B frons and vertex C mesosoma, dorsal view D scutellum, dorsal view E mesosoma, lateral view F propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472545" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">1E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Metanotum. Metapectal-propodeal complex. Metapleural sulcus reaching posterior margin of mesopectus at about mid-height of metapectal-propodeal complex. Metascutellum rugose; metanotal trough smooth and pubescent. Median propodeal area (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov., female A head, anterior view B frons and vertex C mesosoma, dorsal view D scutellum, dorsal view E mesosoma, lateral view F propodeum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472545" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">1F</figureCitation>
|
||
) with some irregular strong longitudinal and transversal rugae; and densely pubescent; lateral propodeal carinae distinct, subparallel anteriorly and converging posteriorly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Legs. Densely pubescent; femora and tibiae robust. Metatibia about as long as metatarsus; apical margin of metatarsomeres 1-4, with long strong erect setae. Metatarsal claws with strong triangular basal lobes or teeth.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Forewing (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov. A female forewing B male forewing C female habitus D male habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472548" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
), about as long as body, radial cell 3.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than wide; open along anterior margin; areolet obsolete, obscured by infuscation. M and Cu1 veins nearly straight, not reaching wing margin. Rs+M not reaching basalis. First abscissa of radius (2r) slightly angled, not projected. Cu1 vein not branched in two veins. Apical margin with very short or obsolete hair fringe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Metasoma (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov. A female metasoma, lateral view B female hypopygium, ventral view C female antenna D female metasoma, dorsal view E male antenna F detail of apical flagellomeres in male antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472547" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">3A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
), in dorsal view 1.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide, in lateral view 1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as high. Second metasomal tergite covering about 0.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of metasoma. Anterior 2/3 smooth and shining; posterior one third with a band of micropunctures clearly visible; the punctate sculpture extended on subsequent tergites; ventral area of second metasomal tergite moderately pubescent. Projecting part of hypopygial spine moderately long (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov. A female metasoma, lateral view B female hypopygium, ventral view C female antenna D female metasoma, dorsal view E male antenna F detail of apical flagellomeres in male antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472547" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
); 4.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as high in lateral view; laterally with long setae, longer than spine width, but not forming an apical patch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Male (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov., male A head, anterior view B head, posterior view C mesosoma, dorsal view D scutellum and propodeum E mesosoma, lateral view F metasoma, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472546" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">2A-F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov. A female forewing B male forewing C female habitus D male habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472548" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">4B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Differs from the female as follows: smaller size, length 5.2 mm on average (n = 3). Body and wings almost completely black, except tarsomeres of anterior legs and apical segments of antennae. Antennae, legs and wings relatively longer. Antenna (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov. A female metasoma, lateral view B female hypopygium, ventral view C female antenna D female metasoma, dorsal view E male antenna F detail of apical flagellomeres in male antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472547" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">3E</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 14 segments. Antennal formula as: 0.24(0.15):0.13(0.15):0.6(0.11):0.39(0.13):0.35(0.14):0.35(0.14):0.32(0.12): 0.31(0.11):0.28(0.11): 0.27(0.1):0.27(0.1):0.27(0.1):0.26(0.1):0.24(0.1):0.23(0.08). F1 slightly curved and enlarged apically and flattened ventrally, 1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as F2; placodeal sensilla present in all the flagellomeres (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov. A female metasoma, lateral view B female hypopygium, ventral view C female antenna D female metasoma, dorsal view E male antenna F detail of apical flagellomeres in male antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472547" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">3F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head 1.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as wide as high; apical part of gena slightly expanded. Mesoscutellar impression not reaching the scutellar foveae (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov., male A head, anterior view B head, posterior view C mesosoma, dorsal view D scutellum and propodeum E mesosoma, lateral view F metasoma, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472546" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">2D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scutellar foveae confluent, not separated by a sulcus. Forewing relatively longer 1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as body. Almost completely black, except the distal transversal clear band (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov. A female forewing B male forewing C female habitus D male habitus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472548" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">4B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Gall</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov. A-B galls C-D sections of galls." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472549" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">5A-D</figureCitation>
|
||
). A large spindle-shaped gall with an elongated and narrow tip and base. The galls measure 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
25 mm on average. The surface of the gall is smooth, but some superficial longitudinal ridges are visible. The gall is monothalamic; the outer shell is thin, flexible and of fleshy consistency when it is fresh and becomes soft and light when it dries. They are light green without spots when they are fresh and light brown when they are dry. Internally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov. A-B galls C-D sections of galls." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472549" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">5C</figureCitation>
|
||
), there is an oval larval cell in the centre of the gall (0.35 mm thick and 7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
5 mm; n = 1). A spongy tissue occupies the entire space between the epidermis and the larval chamber, the outer shell is weakly attached to the internal spongy tissue when fresh and when the gall dries, the spongy tissue allows us to observe the radiant filaments, which extend from the larval chamber towards the internal walls of the galls (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Amphibolips magnigalla sp. nov. A-B galls C-D sections of galls." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472549" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">5D</figureCitation>
|
||
). When it is dry, the gall is very fragile and can be easily crushed. At least half of the galls no longer showed spongy tissue when they were transferred to the laboratory. This caused the galls to collapse due to the fragility of the epidermis. Some of these collapsed galls presented internal modifications in the epidermis, probably caused by inquilines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.987.51366.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/472549" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nieves-Aldrey & Castillejos-Lemus" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Amphibolips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphibolips magnigalla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnigalla">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Amphibolips magnigalla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A-B</emphasis>
|
||
galls
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C-D</emphasis>
|
||
sections of galls.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
The galls develop on twigs of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Trel" authorityYear="1924" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus zempoaltepecana" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zempoaltepecana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Quercus zempoaltepecana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Trel. The gall closely resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Amphibolips" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphibolips durangensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="durangensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Amphibolips durangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Nieves-Aldrey & Maldonado, 2012. However, the gall of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. magnigalla" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="magnigalla">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A. magnigalla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished by its larger size, which is at least 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. durangensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="durangensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A. durangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and by its different internal structure, which is filled with less dense spongy tissue and radiant filaments (easily visible in the older galls).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. magnigalla" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="magnigalla">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A. magnigalla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found only in one site: Comaltepec (Oaxaca State, Mexico). The galls were relatively abundant on a single isolated tree, while we did not find galls on the nearby trees.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Sexual generation. The galls were collected at the end of April and the insects emerged shortly thereafter, in early May. It seems that it is normal for many insects to feed on the tissue of this species. A detached gall was observed in a field, relatively far from the tree, probably carried by a bird.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |