619 lines
78 KiB
XML
619 lines
78 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0dea0a70-903f-47ad-8a16-66181758cc28" ID-PMC="PMC8213686" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1043-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9ED079114B725D528DFF3F8D756BEB61" ID-PubMed="34163292" ID-ZooBank="0FC6C43748344E5F999E218D9CA14593" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1043-1" checkinTime="1623356770360" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Al-Kandari, Manal, Oliver, P. Graham & Salvi, Daniele" docDate="2021" docId="D489EEA5324755BAA5B093EE7D65EE85" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1043: 1-20" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1043" docPubDate="2021-06-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992" docTitle="Talonostrea salpinx Oliver, Salvi & Al-Kandari 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="533F31DC-1107-432E-BA79-279793A7C81F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="9ED079114B725D528DFF3F8D756BEB61" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="9ED079114B725D528DFF3F8D756BEB61" masterDocTitle="Molecular and morphological systematics of a new, reef forming, cupped oyster from the northern Arabian Gulf: Talonostrea salpinx new species" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668150420607" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Molecular and morphological systematics of a new, reef forming, cupped oyster from the northern Arabian Gulf: Talonostrea salpinx new species</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Al-Kandari, Manal</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Ecosystem-Based Management of Marine Resources, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Hamad Al-Mubarak Street, Building 900004, Area 1, Raas Salmiya, Kuwait</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Oliver, P. Graham</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9481-0711</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>National Museum of Wales, Cathays Park, Cardiff CF 10 3 NP, UK</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Salvi, Daniele</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3804-2690</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Health, Life & Environmental Sciences - University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio snc, 67100, L'Aquila-Coppito, Italy</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">danielesalvi.bio@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2021-06-10</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>1043</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>20</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1043-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0FC6C43748344E5F999E218D9CA14593</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">9ED079114B725D528DFF3F8D756BEB61</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="results">
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182645491" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:533F31DC-1107-432E-BA79-279793A7C81F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D489EEA5324755BAA5B093EE7D65EE85" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/533F31DC-1107-432E-BA79-279793A7C81F" authority="Oliver, Salvi & Al-Kandari" authorityName="Oliver, Salvi & Al-Kandari" authorityYear="2021" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Talonostrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Talonostrea salpinx" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="salpinx" status="sp. nov.">Talonostrea salpinx Oliver, Salvi & Al-Kandari</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-11-30" collectorName="PG Oliver" country="Kuwait" county="Bay" latitude="29.382423" location="All" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="47.851734" municipality="National Museum of Wales" specimenCount="11" typeStatus="Holotype">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D489EEA5324755BAA5B093EE7D65EE85:228F6F4C5764AFABA02C98A0143737BD" country="Kuwait" county="Bay" latitude="29.382423" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="47.851734" municipality="National Museum of Wales" name="All">All</location>
|
||
type material deposited in the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>National Museum of Wales</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(NMW.Z)
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Kuwait">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
|
||
• 20 + specimens in two clumps;
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Kuwait">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingCounty>Bay</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation firstLocation="Ashairij" secondLocation="Umm Al-Namil">between Ashairij and Umm Al-Namil</locationDeviation>
|
||
Island;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="29.382423" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.382423">29.382423°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.851735" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.851734">47.851735°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; intertidal as clumps on rocks and stones;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2019-11-30">30 Nov 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>PG Oliver</collectorName>
|
||
leg. (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. from Ashairij A, B clump with and without upper valves, shell h is holotype C inner views of lower and upper valves of holotype, NMW. Z. 2021.009. 001 D inner views of upper valves of five paratypes showing variation in shape and colouration, NMW. Z. 009.002 E upper valve with a trumpet shapes projection, arrowed F a small upper valve showing radial purple-black colour banding." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553830" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Shell h in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. from Ashairij A, B clump with and without upper valves, shell h is holotype C inner views of lower and upper valves of holotype, NMW. Z. 2021.009. 001 D inner views of upper valves of five paratypes showing variation in shape and colouration, NMW. Z. 009.002 E upper valve with a trumpet shapes projection, arrowed F a small upper valve showing radial purple-black colour banding." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553830" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Kuwait">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
|
||
• 1 shell; same collection data as for preceding; NMW.Z.2021.009.001; lower valve length
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.91" unit="mm" value="39.1">39.1mm</quantity>
|
||
, upper valve length
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.31" unit="mm" value="33.1">33.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. from Ashairij A, B clump with and without upper valves, shell h is holotype C inner views of lower and upper valves of holotype, NMW. Z. 2021.009. 001 D inner views of upper valves of five paratypes showing variation in shape and colouration, NMW. Z. 009.002 E upper valve with a trumpet shapes projection, arrowed F a small upper valve showing radial purple-black colour banding." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553830" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4D</figureCitation>
|
||
, to illustrate variation in internal colouration only)
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Kuwait">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount type="generic">11 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
used in sequencing; collection data as for preceding; NMW.Z. 2021. 009.002/1-11
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553830" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oliver, Salvi & Al-Kandari" authorityYear="2021" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Talonostrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Talonostrea salpinx" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="salpinx">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Talonostrea salpinx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. from Ashairij
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
clump with and without upper valves, shell h is
|
||
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
inner views of lower and upper valves of
|
||
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, NMW.Z. 2021.009. 001
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
inner views of upper valves of five
|
||
<typeStatus>paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
showing variation in shape and colouration, NMW.Z.
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="009.002" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="9.002">
|
||
009.002
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
upper valve with a trumpet shapes projection, arrowed
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
a small upper valve showing radial purple-black colour banding.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" country="Kuwait" location="Kuwait" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Kuwait">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
|
||
• remainder of shells in clumps; same collection data as for preceding; NMW.Z.2021.009.003
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectorName="PG Oliver, Fig." country="Kuwait" latitude="29.74127" location="Khor Al-Subiyah" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="48.09567" municipality="Al Maghasil" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Paratypes">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Kuwait">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
|
||
• 20 + specimens in three clumps;
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D489EEA5324755BAA5B093EE7D65EE85:C9F29072340E2BD407B74EB187A40331" country="Kuwait" latitude="29.74127" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="48.09567" municipality="Al Maghasil" name="Khor Al-Subiyah">Khor Al-Subiyah</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Al Maghasil</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="29.74127" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.74127">29.74127°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="48.09567" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.09567">48.09567°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; upper intertidal reef forming on beach rock;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2015-11-15">15 Nov 2015</collectingDate>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingDate value="2019-12">Dec 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>PG Oliver</collectorName>
|
||
leg. (
|
||
<collectorName>Fig.</collectorName>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. Paratypes from Khor Al-Subiyah, NMW. Z. 2021.009.005 A, B clump with and without upper valves C in situ photograph of a shell from a sheltered position D small upper valve with an array of trumpet-shaped projections along margin E Inner views of four shells showing variation in shape and internal colouration." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553831" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectorName="PG Oliver & Fig." country="Kuwait" latitude="29.74127" location="Kuwait" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="48.09567" municipality="Al Maghasil" specimenCount="12" typeStatus="Paratypes">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Kuwait">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount type="generic">12 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
used in sequencing; collection data as for preceding; NMW.Z.2021.009.004/1-12.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectorName="Fig." country="Kuwait" latitude="29.74127" location="Kuwait" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="48.09567" municipality="Al Maghasil" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Kuwait">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
|
||
• remainder of shells in clumps; same collection data as for preceding, NMW.Z.2021.009.005 (
|
||
<collectorName>Fig.</collectorName>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. Paratypes from Khor Al-Subiyah, NMW. Z. 2021.009.005 A, B clump with and without upper valves C in situ photograph of a shell from a sheltered position D small upper valve with an array of trumpet-shaped projections along margin E Inner views of four shells showing variation in shape and internal colouration." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553831" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5A, B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Kuwait">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
|
||
• 50 + specimens;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-03-29" collectorName="Manal Al-Kandari" country="Kuwait" latitude="29.38687" location="Bay" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="47.87075" municipality="Umm Al-Namil island" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Paratypes">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Kuwait">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D489EEA5324755BAA5B093EE7D65EE85:3C3AADB13EC2962D44B2DEF586B37593" country="Kuwait" latitude="29.38687" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="47.87075" municipality="Umm Al-Namil island" name="Bay">Bay</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Umm Al-Namil island</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="29.38687" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.38687">29.38687°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.87075" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.87075">47.87075°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; on stones, cobbles and rock in the upper intertidal;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2021-03-29">29 March 2021</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>Manal Al-Kandari</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectorName="Fig." country="Kuwait" latitude="29.38687" location="Kuwait" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="47.87075" municipality="Umm Al-Namil island" specimenCount="12" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Kuwait">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount type="generic">12 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
; collection data as for preceding; NMW.Z.2021.009.006 (
|
||
<collectorName>Fig.</collectorName>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. shells from Umm Al-Namil A, B external and internal views of a shell with marginal fluted spines, Paratypes NMW. Z. 2021.009.006 / C, D Paratypes, NMW. Z. 2021.009.006 / 2 - 3, shells of differing colours and lacking marginal fluted spines E clump of shells some with fluted spines associated with the tubeworm Spirobranchus kraussi (Baird, 1864) and the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854). F, rock encrusted with irregular shaped shells mostly lacking fluted spines." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553832" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
) including shells from dissections
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553831" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oliver, Salvi & Al-Kandari" authorityYear="2021" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Talonostrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Talonostrea salpinx" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="salpinx">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Talonostrea salpinx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
from Khor Al-Subiyah, NMW.Z.2021.009.005
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
clump with and without upper valves
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
in situ photograph of a shell from a sheltered position
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
small upper valve with an array of trumpet-shaped projections along margin
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
Inner views of four shells showing variation in shape and internal colouration.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Kuwait, Kuwait Bay, between Ashairij and Umm Al-Namil Island,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="29.382423" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.382423">29.382423°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.851735" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.851734">47.851735°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, intertidal attached to rocks and cobbles, 30 Nov 2019, PG Oliver leg.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="derivation of name">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Derivation of name.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oliver, Salvi & Al-Kandari" authorityYear="2021" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Talonostrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Talonostrea salpinx" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="salpinx">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Talonostrea salpinx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Greek, a trumpet; referring to the marginal trumpet-shaped projections typical of this species
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type series from Ashairij</emphasis>
|
||
) Maximum size recorded 41 mm. Specimens of all sizes found growing on or among others creating dense clumps. Shells thin but robust. The lower (left) valve openly cupped, umbonal cavity shallow (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. from Ashairij A, B clump with and without upper valves, shell h is holotype C inner views of lower and upper valves of holotype, NMW. Z. 2021.009. 001 D inner views of upper valves of five paratypes showing variation in shape and colouration, NMW. Z. 009.002 E upper valve with a trumpet shapes projection, arrowed F a small upper valve showing radial purple-black colour banding." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553830" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Margins undulating, slightly raised, roundly digitate and occasionally drawn out into blunt spines. The attachment area is large, furnished with spines and foliations. The inner shell layer is white with brown to black pigmented adductor scars.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Upper (right) valve smaller than and fitting into lower valve (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. from Ashairij A, B clump with and without upper valves, shell h is holotype C inner views of lower and upper valves of holotype, NMW. Z. 2021.009. 001 D inner views of upper valves of five paratypes showing variation in shape and colouration, NMW. Z. 009.002 E upper valve with a trumpet shapes projection, arrowed F a small upper valve showing radial purple-black colour banding." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553830" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Rather flat but undulating, nacreous free margin very narrow. Outline variable, mostly oval some irregularly subquadrate to lingulate. External surface often worn smooth, or weakly foliaceous but not raised into commarginal frills. Occasional shells have open trumpet-shaped projections arising from the margins (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. from Ashairij A, B clump with and without upper valves, shell h is holotype C inner views of lower and upper valves of holotype, NMW. Z. 2021.009. 001 D inner views of upper valves of five paratypes showing variation in shape and colouration, NMW. Z. 009.002 E upper valve with a trumpet shapes projection, arrowed F a small upper valve showing radial purple-black colour banding." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553830" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4E</figureCitation>
|
||
); these are formed by convoluted folding and do not form an entire tube. These trumpet-shaped spines are found mostly in small shells in sheltered sites. Hinge relatively narrow, ligament alivincular, amphidetic; dorsal area not greatly elongated. Chomata absent. External colouration mostly obscured by surface algae but pale grey, some with traces of purple radial streaks, these more prominent in small shells (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. from Ashairij A, B clump with and without upper valves, shell h is holotype C inner views of lower and upper valves of holotype, NMW. Z. 2021.009. 001 D inner views of upper valves of five paratypes showing variation in shape and colouration, NMW. Z. 009.002 E upper valve with a trumpet shapes projection, arrowed F a small upper valve showing radial purple-black colour banding." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553830" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The inner shell layer mostly white, inner margin frequently tinged with pale orange and dark grey, crescentic adductor scar mostly black, some brown, some lacking colour except for a dark ventral rim (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. from Ashairij A, B clump with and without upper valves, shell h is holotype C inner views of lower and upper valves of holotype, NMW. Z. 2021.009. 001 D inner views of upper valves of five paratypes showing variation in shape and colouration, NMW. Z. 009.002 E upper valve with a trumpet shapes projection, arrowed F a small upper valve showing radial purple-black colour banding." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553830" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratype series from Khor Al-Subiyah</emphasis>
|
||
) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. Paratypes from Khor Al-Subiyah, NMW. Z. 2021.009.005 A, B clump with and without upper valves C in situ photograph of a shell from a sheltered position D small upper valve with an array of trumpet-shaped projections along margin E Inner views of four shells showing variation in shape and internal colouration." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553831" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5A-E</figureCitation>
|
||
) Maximum size recorded 30 mm. Specimens of all sizes forming a continuous reef over beach rock. The shells are thin but not fragile.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The lower valve is deeply cupped often with a deeper umbonal cavity related to the extension of the dorsal hinge plate. Attachment area over most of lower valve with interlocking spines and foliations. Outline is mostly oval but can be distorted into many shapes from lingulate to subcircular; the free margin is upturned, weakly convoluted with short blunt spines; except where growing in sheltered or uncrowded condition where the margins can be greatly extended into spathulate spines (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. Paratypes from Khor Al-Subiyah, NMW. Z. 2021.009.005 A, B clump with and without upper valves C in situ photograph of a shell from a sheltered position D small upper valve with an array of trumpet-shaped projections along margin E Inner views of four shells showing variation in shape and internal colouration." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553831" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Chomata are absent. The ligament is alivincular, the dorsal plate often elongated usually amphidetic but coiling in some. The inner shell layer colour white; adductor scar crescentic reddish-brown to dark brown/black in colour, colouration often extending into the umbonal cavity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Upper valve smaller than, and fitting into lower valve. Rather flat but undulating, nacreous free margin very narrow slightly elevated. External surface weakly foliaceous but not raised into commarginal frills. Shells sheltered among others and juveniles frequently display open trumpet-shaped projections as above (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. Paratypes from Khor Al-Subiyah, NMW. Z. 2021.009.005 A, B clump with and without upper valves C in situ photograph of a shell from a sheltered position D small upper valve with an array of trumpet-shaped projections along margin E Inner views of four shells showing variation in shape and internal colouration." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553831" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5D</figureCitation>
|
||
). External colouration is mostly obscured by algal growth but is underlying greyish-beige; juvenile shells and those in sheltered positions may have coloured radial bands of a purple-black hue (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. Paratypes from Khor Al-Subiyah, NMW. Z. 2021.009.005 A, B clump with and without upper valves C in situ photograph of a shell from a sheltered position D small upper valve with an array of trumpet-shaped projections along margin E Inner views of four shells showing variation in shape and internal colouration." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553831" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Chomata are absent. The inner shell layer is white with the crescentic adductor scar brown to brown-black in colour (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. Paratypes from Khor Al-Subiyah, NMW. Z. 2021.009.005 A, B clump with and without upper valves C in situ photograph of a shell from a sheltered position D small upper valve with an array of trumpet-shaped projections along margin E Inner views of four shells showing variation in shape and internal colouration." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553831" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratype series from Umm Al-Namil</emphasis>
|
||
) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. shells from Umm Al-Namil A, B external and internal views of a shell with marginal fluted spines, Paratypes NMW. Z. 2021.009.006 / C, D Paratypes, NMW. Z. 2021.009.006 / 2 - 3, shells of differing colours and lacking marginal fluted spines E clump of shells some with fluted spines associated with the tubeworm Spirobranchus kraussi (Baird, 1864) and the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854). F, rock encrusted with irregular shaped shells mostly lacking fluted spines." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553832" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6A-D</figureCitation>
|
||
) Maximum size recorded 35 mm. Specimens of all sizes are found attached in clumps (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. shells from Umm Al-Namil A, B external and internal views of a shell with marginal fluted spines, Paratypes NMW. Z. 2021.009.006 / C, D Paratypes, NMW. Z. 2021.009.006 / 2 - 3, shells of differing colours and lacking marginal fluted spines E clump of shells some with fluted spines associated with the tubeworm Spirobranchus kraussi (Baird, 1864) and the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854). F, rock encrusted with irregular shaped shells mostly lacking fluted spines." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553832" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6E</figureCitation>
|
||
) to stones and cobbles or encrusting rocks (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. shells from Umm Al-Namil A, B external and internal views of a shell with marginal fluted spines, Paratypes NMW. Z. 2021.009.006 / C, D Paratypes, NMW. Z. 2021.009.006 / 2 - 3, shells of differing colours and lacking marginal fluted spines E clump of shells some with fluted spines associated with the tubeworm Spirobranchus kraussi (Baird, 1864) and the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854). F, rock encrusted with irregular shaped shells mostly lacking fluted spines." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553832" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6F</figureCitation>
|
||
). While most of these are identical to the type series (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. shells from Umm Al-Namil A, B external and internal views of a shell with marginal fluted spines, Paratypes NMW. Z. 2021.009.006 / C, D Paratypes, NMW. Z. 2021.009.006 / 2 - 3, shells of differing colours and lacking marginal fluted spines E clump of shells some with fluted spines associated with the tubeworm Spirobranchus kraussi (Baird, 1864) and the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854). F, rock encrusted with irregular shaped shells mostly lacking fluted spines." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553832" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6F</figureCitation>
|
||
) those from sheltered sites are rather thin, may have marginal extensions that are easily broken and often exhibit a more vivid colouration.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553832" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oliver, Salvi & Al-Kandari" authorityYear="2021" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Talonostrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Talonostrea salpinx" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="salpinx">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Talonostrea salpinx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. shells from Umm Al-Namil
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
external and internal views of a shell with marginal fluted spines, Paratypes NMW.Z.2021.009.006/
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D</emphasis>
|
||
Paratypes, NMW.Z.2021.009.006/2-3, shells of differing colours and lacking marginal fluted spines
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
clump of shells some with fluted spines associated with the tubeworm
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Spirobranchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spirobranchus kraussi" order="Canalipalpata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kraussi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Spirobranchus kraussi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Baird, 1864) and the barnacle
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Darwin" authorityYear="1854" class="Hexanauplia" family="Balanidae" genus="Amphibalanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphibalanus amphitrite" order="Sessilia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amphitrite">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Amphibalanus amphitrite</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Darwin, 1854). F, rock encrusted with irregular shaped shells mostly lacking fluted spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Attachment area small, free area with 5-7 prominent folds extending as furrowed spines (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. shells from Umm Al-Namil A, B external and internal views of a shell with marginal fluted spines, Paratypes NMW. Z. 2021.009.006 / C, D Paratypes, NMW. Z. 2021.009.006 / 2 - 3, shells of differing colours and lacking marginal fluted spines E clump of shells some with fluted spines associated with the tubeworm Spirobranchus kraussi (Baird, 1864) and the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854). F, rock encrusted with irregular shaped shells mostly lacking fluted spines." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553832" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Outline is mostly oval but can be distorted into many shapes from lingulate to subcircular. Chomata absent. The ligament alivincular, dorsal plate often elongated usually amphidetic but coiling in some. The inner shell layer colour white: adductor scar crescentic reddish-brown to dark brown/black in colour, colouration often extending into the umbonal cavity (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. shells from Umm Al-Namil A, B external and internal views of a shell with marginal fluted spines, Paratypes NMW. Z. 2021.009.006 / C, D Paratypes, NMW. Z. 2021.009.006 / 2 - 3, shells of differing colours and lacking marginal fluted spines E clump of shells some with fluted spines associated with the tubeworm Spirobranchus kraussi (Baird, 1864) and the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854). F, rock encrusted with irregular shaped shells mostly lacking fluted spines." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553832" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Upper valve smaller than, and fitting into lower valve. Rather flat but undulating, nacreous free margin narrow, slightly elevated and extended as spines (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. shells from Umm Al-Namil A, B external and internal views of a shell with marginal fluted spines, Paratypes NMW. Z. 2021.009.006 / C, D Paratypes, NMW. Z. 2021.009.006 / 2 - 3, shells of differing colours and lacking marginal fluted spines E clump of shells some with fluted spines associated with the tubeworm Spirobranchus kraussi (Baird, 1864) and the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854). F, rock encrusted with irregular shaped shells mostly lacking fluted spines." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553832" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
) fitting into furrows of lower valve. External surface weakly foliaceous, not raised into commarginal frills. External colouration ranging from uniformly dull grey, dirty white, to beige with purple-brown radial stripes extending onto spines (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. shells from Umm Al-Namil A, B external and internal views of a shell with marginal fluted spines, Paratypes NMW. Z. 2021.009.006 / C, D Paratypes, NMW. Z. 2021.009.006 / 2 - 3, shells of differing colours and lacking marginal fluted spines E clump of shells some with fluted spines associated with the tubeworm Spirobranchus kraussi (Baird, 1864) and the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854). F, rock encrusted with irregular shaped shells mostly lacking fluted spines." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553832" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
); few golden brown (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. shells from Umm Al-Namil A, B external and internal views of a shell with marginal fluted spines, Paratypes NMW. Z. 2021.009.006 / C, D Paratypes, NMW. Z. 2021.009.006 / 2 - 3, shells of differing colours and lacking marginal fluted spines E clump of shells some with fluted spines associated with the tubeworm Spirobranchus kraussi (Baird, 1864) and the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854). F, rock encrusted with irregular shaped shells mostly lacking fluted spines." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553832" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6D</figureCitation>
|
||
) to purple-black all over (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. shells from Umm Al-Namil A, B external and internal views of a shell with marginal fluted spines, Paratypes NMW. Z. 2021.009.006 / C, D Paratypes, NMW. Z. 2021.009.006 / 2 - 3, shells of differing colours and lacking marginal fluted spines E clump of shells some with fluted spines associated with the tubeworm Spirobranchus kraussi (Baird, 1864) and the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854). F, rock encrusted with irregular shaped shells mostly lacking fluted spines." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553832" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Chomata absent. Nacreous layer white with the crescentic adductor scar brown to brown-black in colour (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. shells from Umm Al-Namil A, B external and internal views of a shell with marginal fluted spines, Paratypes NMW. Z. 2021.009.006 / C, D Paratypes, NMW. Z. 2021.009.006 / 2 - 3, shells of differing colours and lacking marginal fluted spines E clump of shells some with fluted spines associated with the tubeworm Spirobranchus kraussi (Baird, 1864) and the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854). F, rock encrusted with irregular shaped shells mostly lacking fluted spines." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553832" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anatomy</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Anatomy of Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. A gross view after removal of upper (right) valve B gross view including route of alimentary canal after removal of ctenidia, gonad and digestive diverticula C mantle edge D rectum and anus E excised labial palp F portion of ctenidium showing fine structures. Abbreviation: am, adductor muscle; an, anus; cp, ciliated pad; ct, ctenidium; ct / m, ctenidium mantle edge junction; hg, hind gut; hg loop, hind gut loop behind stomach; imf, inner mantle fold; ljct, longitudinal junction; lp, labial palp; me, mantle edge; mg, mid gut; mmf, middle mantle fold; mt, mantle; oe, oesophagus; og, oral groove; pc, pericardium; r, rectum; rods, ctenidial filaments; s, stomach; ss, style sac; tjct, transverse junction; vm, visceral mass." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553833" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Preserved specimens from Umm Al-Namil were opened by severing the ligament, levering the upper valve open slightly and then slicing the adductor muscle to free the upper valve. The animals were then dissected by sequentially removing the mantle (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Anatomy of Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. A gross view after removal of upper (right) valve B gross view including route of alimentary canal after removal of ctenidia, gonad and digestive diverticula C mantle edge D rectum and anus E excised labial palp F portion of ctenidium showing fine structures. Abbreviation: am, adductor muscle; an, anus; cp, ciliated pad; ct, ctenidium; ct / m, ctenidium mantle edge junction; hg, hind gut; hg loop, hind gut loop behind stomach; imf, inner mantle fold; ljct, longitudinal junction; lp, labial palp; me, mantle edge; mg, mid gut; mmf, middle mantle fold; mt, mantle; oe, oesophagus; og, oral groove; pc, pericardium; r, rectum; rods, ctenidial filaments; s, stomach; ss, style sac; tjct, transverse junction; vm, visceral mass." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553833" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7A</figureCitation>
|
||
), the ctenidia and finally dissecting into the visceral mass removing gonad and digestive diverticula tissue to reveal the alimentary system (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Anatomy of Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. A gross view after removal of upper (right) valve B gross view including route of alimentary canal after removal of ctenidia, gonad and digestive diverticula C mantle edge D rectum and anus E excised labial palp F portion of ctenidium showing fine structures. Abbreviation: am, adductor muscle; an, anus; cp, ciliated pad; ct, ctenidium; ct / m, ctenidium mantle edge junction; hg, hind gut; hg loop, hind gut loop behind stomach; imf, inner mantle fold; ljct, longitudinal junction; lp, labial palp; me, mantle edge; mg, mid gut; mmf, middle mantle fold; mt, mantle; oe, oesophagus; og, oral groove; pc, pericardium; r, rectum; rods, ctenidial filaments; s, stomach; ss, style sac; tjct, transverse junction; vm, visceral mass." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553833" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tissues have been stained in Methyl Blue to aid contrast.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553833" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Anatomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oliver, Salvi & Al-Kandari" authorityYear="2021" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Talonostrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Talonostrea salpinx" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="salpinx">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Talonostrea salpinx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
gross view after removal of upper (right) valve
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
gross view including route of alimentary canal after removal of ctenidia, gonad and digestive diverticula
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
mantle edge
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
rectum and anus
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
excised labial palp
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
portion of ctenidium showing fine structures. Abbreviation: am, adductor muscle; an, anus; cp, ciliated pad; ct, ctenidium; ct/m, ctenidium mantle edge junction; hg, hind gut; hg loop, hind gut loop behind stomach; imf, inner mantle fold; ljct, longitudinal junction; lp, labial palp; me, mantle edge; mg, mid gut; mmf, middle mantle fold; mt, mantle; oe,oesophagus; og, oral groove; pc, pericardium; r, rectum; rods, ctenidial filaments; s, stomach; ss, style sac; tjct, transverse junction; vm, visceral mass.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The mantle in its preserved and contracted condition shows an array of radial folds (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Anatomy of Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. A gross view after removal of upper (right) valve B gross view including route of alimentary canal after removal of ctenidia, gonad and digestive diverticula C mantle edge D rectum and anus E excised labial palp F portion of ctenidium showing fine structures. Abbreviation: am, adductor muscle; an, anus; cp, ciliated pad; ct, ctenidium; ct / m, ctenidium mantle edge junction; hg, hind gut; hg loop, hind gut loop behind stomach; imf, inner mantle fold; ljct, longitudinal junction; lp, labial palp; me, mantle edge; mg, mid gut; mmf, middle mantle fold; mt, mantle; oe, oesophagus; og, oral groove; pc, pericardium; r, rectum; rods, ctenidial filaments; s, stomach; ss, style sac; tjct, transverse junction; vm, visceral mass." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553833" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mantle edge free except at the ventral margin where it is joined to the ctenidium. Mantle edge with three folds, middle fold with short pigmented, tuberculated, tentacles typically arranged with a one large one small pattern (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Anatomy of Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. A gross view after removal of upper (right) valve B gross view including route of alimentary canal after removal of ctenidia, gonad and digestive diverticula C mantle edge D rectum and anus E excised labial palp F portion of ctenidium showing fine structures. Abbreviation: am, adductor muscle; an, anus; cp, ciliated pad; ct, ctenidium; ct / m, ctenidium mantle edge junction; hg, hind gut; hg loop, hind gut loop behind stomach; imf, inner mantle fold; ljct, longitudinal junction; lp, labial palp; me, mantle edge; mg, mid gut; mmf, middle mantle fold; mt, mantle; oe, oesophagus; og, oral groove; pc, pericardium; r, rectum; rods, ctenidial filaments; s, stomach; ss, style sac; tjct, transverse junction; vm, visceral mass." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553833" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7C</figureCitation>
|
||
), inner fold with simple smooth unpigmented tentacles all of equal size and shape (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Anatomy of Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. A gross view after removal of upper (right) valve B gross view including route of alimentary canal after removal of ctenidia, gonad and digestive diverticula C mantle edge D rectum and anus E excised labial palp F portion of ctenidium showing fine structures. Abbreviation: am, adductor muscle; an, anus; cp, ciliated pad; ct, ctenidium; ct / m, ctenidium mantle edge junction; hg, hind gut; hg loop, hind gut loop behind stomach; imf, inner mantle fold; ljct, longitudinal junction; lp, labial palp; me, mantle edge; mg, mid gut; mmf, middle mantle fold; mt, mantle; oe, oesophagus; og, oral groove; pc, pericardium; r, rectum; rods, ctenidial filaments; s, stomach; ss, style sac; tjct, transverse junction; vm, visceral mass." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553833" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Adductor muscle crescent shaped in a posterior ventral position; pericardium immediately dorsal to it (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Anatomy of Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. A gross view after removal of upper (right) valve B gross view including route of alimentary canal after removal of ctenidia, gonad and digestive diverticula C mantle edge D rectum and anus E excised labial palp F portion of ctenidium showing fine structures. Abbreviation: am, adductor muscle; an, anus; cp, ciliated pad; ct, ctenidium; ct / m, ctenidium mantle edge junction; hg, hind gut; hg loop, hind gut loop behind stomach; imf, inner mantle fold; ljct, longitudinal junction; lp, labial palp; me, mantle edge; mg, mid gut; mmf, middle mantle fold; mt, mantle; oe, oesophagus; og, oral groove; pc, pericardium; r, rectum; rods, ctenidial filaments; s, stomach; ss, style sac; tjct, transverse junction; vm, visceral mass." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553833" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ctenidium of two reflected demibranchs (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Anatomy of Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. A gross view after removal of upper (right) valve B gross view including route of alimentary canal after removal of ctenidia, gonad and digestive diverticula C mantle edge D rectum and anus E excised labial palp F portion of ctenidium showing fine structures. Abbreviation: am, adductor muscle; an, anus; cp, ciliated pad; ct, ctenidium; ct / m, ctenidium mantle edge junction; hg, hind gut; hg loop, hind gut loop behind stomach; imf, inner mantle fold; ljct, longitudinal junction; lp, labial palp; me, mantle edge; mg, mid gut; mmf, middle mantle fold; mt, mantle; oe, oesophagus; og, oral groove; pc, pericardium; r, rectum; rods, ctenidial filaments; s, stomach; ss, style sac; tjct, transverse junction; vm, visceral mass." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553833" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7A</figureCitation>
|
||
), filamental rods bundled into groups of 10-12 by longitudinal and transverse junctions (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Anatomy of Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. A gross view after removal of upper (right) valve B gross view including route of alimentary canal after removal of ctenidia, gonad and digestive diverticula C mantle edge D rectum and anus E excised labial palp F portion of ctenidium showing fine structures. Abbreviation: am, adductor muscle; an, anus; cp, ciliated pad; ct, ctenidium; ct / m, ctenidium mantle edge junction; hg, hind gut; hg loop, hind gut loop behind stomach; imf, inner mantle fold; ljct, longitudinal junction; lp, labial palp; me, mantle edge; mg, mid gut; mmf, middle mantle fold; mt, mantle; oe, oesophagus; og, oral groove; pc, pericardium; r, rectum; rods, ctenidial filaments; s, stomach; ss, style sac; tjct, transverse junction; vm, visceral mass." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553833" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Labial palps triangular, inner faces entirely with sorting ridges, oral groove smooth, short (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Anatomy of Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. A gross view after removal of upper (right) valve B gross view including route of alimentary canal after removal of ctenidia, gonad and digestive diverticula C mantle edge D rectum and anus E excised labial palp F portion of ctenidium showing fine structures. Abbreviation: am, adductor muscle; an, anus; cp, ciliated pad; ct, ctenidium; ct / m, ctenidium mantle edge junction; hg, hind gut; hg loop, hind gut loop behind stomach; imf, inner mantle fold; ljct, longitudinal junction; lp, labial palp; me, mantle edge; mg, mid gut; mmf, middle mantle fold; mt, mantle; oe, oesophagus; og, oral groove; pc, pericardium; r, rectum; rods, ctenidial filaments; s, stomach; ss, style sac; tjct, transverse junction; vm, visceral mass." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553833" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Alimentary system (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Anatomy of Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. A gross view after removal of upper (right) valve B gross view including route of alimentary canal after removal of ctenidia, gonad and digestive diverticula C mantle edge D rectum and anus E excised labial palp F portion of ctenidium showing fine structures. Abbreviation: am, adductor muscle; an, anus; cp, ciliated pad; ct, ctenidium; ct / m, ctenidium mantle edge junction; hg, hind gut; hg loop, hind gut loop behind stomach; imf, inner mantle fold; ljct, longitudinal junction; lp, labial palp; me, mantle edge; mg, mid gut; mmf, middle mantle fold; mt, mantle; oe, oesophagus; og, oral groove; pc, pericardium; r, rectum; rods, ctenidial filaments; s, stomach; ss, style sac; tjct, transverse junction; vm, visceral mass." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553833" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7B</figureCitation>
|
||
) of large stomach within visceral mass dorsal of pericardium, surrounded by digestive diverticula; oesophagus enters dorsally; mid gut and style sac open on lower anterior side of visceral mass; style sac long, curving ventrally towards adductor muscle; mid gut running towards the posterior below the stomach and then hind gut travels on the posterior side dorsally before plunging under the stomach, curving ventrally, appearing through the pericardium and running as rectum around posterior of adductor muscle; anus simple slightly elevated (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Anatomy of Talonostrea salpinx sp. nov. A gross view after removal of upper (right) valve B gross view including route of alimentary canal after removal of ctenidia, gonad and digestive diverticula C mantle edge D rectum and anus E excised labial palp F portion of ctenidium showing fine structures. Abbreviation: am, adductor muscle; an, anus; cp, ciliated pad; ct, ctenidium; ct / m, ctenidium mantle edge junction; hg, hind gut; hg loop, hind gut loop behind stomach; imf, inner mantle fold; ljct, longitudinal junction; lp, labial palp; me, mantle edge; mg, mid gut; mmf, middle mantle fold; mt, mantle; oe, oesophagus; og, oral groove; pc, pericardium; r, rectum; rods, ctenidial filaments; s, stomach; ss, style sac; tjct, transverse junction; vm, visceral mass." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.66992.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/553833" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oliver, Salvi & Al-Kandari" authorityYear="2021" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Talonostrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Talonostrea salpinx" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="salpinx">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Talonostrea salpinx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an oyster of the upper and middle shores living attached to exposed hard substrates. Extensive oyster growth is seen in Khor Al-Subiyah and the western end of Kuwait Bay. The waters of these localities are highly turbid and often hypersaline (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Al-Yamani, F" journalOrPublisher="Safat, Kuwait. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research and Environment Public Authority" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B4" refString="Al-Yamani, F, Bishop, J, Essa, RM, Al-Husaini, M, Al-Ghadban, AN, 2004. Oceanographic Atlas of Kuwait's Waters. Safat, Kuwait. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research and Environment Public Authority" title="Oceanographic Atlas of Kuwait's Waters." year="2004">Al-Yamani et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the intertidal environment is further stressed by experiencing a summer air temperature maximum of 50°C and a winter minimum occasionally as low as 0°C. The summer salinity at Ashairij has been measured at 47 ppt whereas to the south it is around 45 ppt (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pokavanich, T" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology Resources" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B22" refString="Pokavanich, T, Polikarpov, I, Lennox, A, Al-Hulail, F, Al-Said, T, Al-Enezi, E, Al-Yamani, F, Stokozov, N, Shuhaibar, B, 2013. Comprehensive investigation of summer hydrodynamic and water quality characteristics of desertic shallow water body: Kuwait Bay. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Coastal Dynamics (Arcachon, France), 1253-1264." title="Comprehensive investigation of summer hydrodynamic and water quality characteristics of desertic shallow water body: Kuwait Bay. Proceedings of the 7 th International Conference on Coastal Dynamics (Arcachon, France), 1253 - 1264." year="2013">Pokavinich et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In Khor Al-Subiyah the salinity can be variable depending on the discharge from the Tigris and Euphrates rivers through the Shatt el Arab (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Omar, SAS" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology Resources" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B21" refString="Omar, SAS, Roy, WY, 2014. Ecology and environment of Boubyan Island in Kuwait. KISR Kuwait and Ross Publishing USA, 292 pp." title="Ecology and environment of Boubyan Island in Kuwait. KISR Kuwait and Ross Publishing USA, 292 pp." year="2014">Omar and Roy 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The indications are that
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. salpinx" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="salpinx">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. salpinx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can survive multiple extremes of turbidity, air temperature and salinity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oliver, Salvi & Al-Kandari" authorityYear="2021" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Talonostrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Talonostrea salpinx" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="salpinx">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Talonostrea salpinx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been found or recorded from a number of locations other than that cited in Material examined. The current distribution can be summarised as the south-eastern area of Kuwait Bay, from Raz Kazmah to Umm Al-Namil Island where extensive fields are present, and the oysters are attached to low rocks and loose cobbles. Throughout Khor Al-Subiyah, including Khor Al-Milh adjacent to Warbah Island in the very north of Boubyan, where oysters form intertidal reefs and mounds. It has also been found at an unlisted locality in Iran (see Discussion).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The shell morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. salpinx" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="salpinx">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. salpinx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is in keeping with other crassostreines in lacking any chomata. Unusual for the subfamily is the presence of the trumpet-shaped marginal projections as these are not recorded for any other Indo-Pacific
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Magallana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Magallana" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Magallana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="X. - X. Li & Z. - Y. Qi" authorityYear="1994" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Talonostrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Talonostrea" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Talonostrea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nor indeed for any Atlantic
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Crassostrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crassostrea" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crassostrea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Inaba, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Nishinomiya Shell Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 63" refId="B14" refString="Inaba, A, Torigoe, K, 2004. Oysters in the world. Part 2. Systematic description of the Recent oysters. Bulletin of the Nishinomiya Shell Museum 3: 1 - 63" title="Oysters in the world. Part 2. Systematic description of the Recent oysters." volume="3" year="2004">Inaba and Torigoe 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The adductor scar is strongly pigmented in the larger shells, a character not shared by
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. talonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="talonata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. talonata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but present in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. zhanjiangensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="zhanjiangensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. zhanjiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="X.-X.Li & Z.-Y.Qi" authorityYear="1994" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Talonostrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Talonostrea talonata" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="talonata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Talonostrea talonata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known as the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘cat’s">'cat's</normalizedToken>
|
||
paw
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="oyster’">oyster'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Li, X" journalOrPublisher="Studia Marina Sinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="143 - 173" refId="B19" refString="Li, X, Qi, Z, 1994. Studies on the comparative anatomy, systematic classification and evolution of Chinese oysters (In Chinese). Studia Marina Sinica 35: 143 - 173" title="Studies on the comparative anatomy, systematic classification and evolution of Chinese oysters (In Chinese)." volume="35" year="1994">Li and Qi 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2018.11.011" author="Cavaleiro, NP" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="91 - 99" refId="B8" refString="Cavaleiro, NP, Lazoski, C, Tureck, CR, Melo, CMR, do Amaral, VS, Lomovasky, BJ, Absher, TM, Sole-Cava, AM, 2019. Crassostrea talonata, a new threat to native oyster (Bivalvia: Ostreidae) culture in the Southwest Atlantic. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 511: 91 - 99, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2018.11.011" title="Crassostrea talonata, a new threat to native oyster (Bivalvia: Ostreidae) culture in the Southwest Atlantic." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2018.11.011" volume="511" year="2019">Cavaleiro et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) due to it having a strongly ridged and digitate upper valve and in this feature is very different from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. salpinx" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="salpinx">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. salpinx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The only other
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="X. - X. Li & Z. - Y. Qi" authorityYear="1994" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Talonostrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Talonostrea" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Talonostrea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. zhanjiangensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="zhanjiangensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. zhanjiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2013065" author="Wu, X" journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Living Resources" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="273 - 280" refId="B34" refString="Wu, X, Xiao, S, Yu, Z, 2013. Mitochondrial DNA and morphological identification of Crassostrea zhanjiangensis sp. nov. (Bivalvia: Ostreidae): a new species in Zhanjiang, China. Aquatic Living Resources 26: 273 - 280, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2013065" title="Mitochondrial DNA and morphological identification of Crassostrea zhanjiangensis sp. nov. (Bivalvia: Ostreidae): a new species in Zhanjiang, China." url="https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2013065" volume="26" year="2013">Wu et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. and here there is greater similarity with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. salpinx" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="salpinx">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. salpinx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a weakly undulating cupped lower valve and a rather flat featureless upper valve but lacking trumpet-shaped marginal projections. Due to the more rounded upper valve,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. zhanjiangensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="zhanjiangensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. zhanjiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been given the common name of the "cats ear oyster" (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2013065" author="Wu, X" journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Living Resources" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="273 - 280" refId="B34" refString="Wu, X, Xiao, S, Yu, Z, 2013. Mitochondrial DNA and morphological identification of Crassostrea zhanjiangensis sp. nov. (Bivalvia: Ostreidae): a new species in Zhanjiang, China. Aquatic Living Resources 26: 273 - 280, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2013065" title="Mitochondrial DNA and morphological identification of Crassostrea zhanjiangensis sp. nov. (Bivalvia: Ostreidae): a new species in Zhanjiang, China." url="https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2013065" volume="26" year="2013">Wu et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), perhaps
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. salpinx" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="salpinx">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. salpinx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be known as the 'tufted
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="cat’s">cat's</normalizedToken>
|
||
ear
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="oyster’">oyster'</normalizedToken>
|
||
in reference to the marginal projections.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The morphology and molecular results of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. salpinx" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="salpinx">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. salpinx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clearly indicate that this new species belongs to the Pacific cupped oyster lineage, with a closer affinity to the Chinese species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="X. - X. Li & Z. - Y. Qi" authorityYear="1994" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Talonostrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Talonostrea" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Talonostrea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than to the more widespread
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Magallana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Magallana" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Magallana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. This is supported also in the morphology where both
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. salpinx" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="salpinx">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. salpinx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. talonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="talonata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. talonata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
share the character of the style sac and mid gut being separate for most of their lengths while in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Magallana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Magallana" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Magallana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Crassostrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crassostrea" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crassostrea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the mid gut and style sac run together. A discrepancy between the route of the mid gut as illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Li, X" journalOrPublisher="Studia Marina Sinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="143 - 173" refId="B19" refString="Li, X, Qi, Z, 1994. Studies on the comparative anatomy, systematic classification and evolution of Chinese oysters (In Chinese). Studia Marina Sinica 35: 143 - 173" title="Studies on the comparative anatomy, systematic classification and evolution of Chinese oysters (In Chinese)." volume="35" year="1994">Li and Qi (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and that of
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2018.11.011" author="Cavaleiro, NP" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="91 - 99" refId="B8" refString="Cavaleiro, NP, Lazoski, C, Tureck, CR, Melo, CMR, do Amaral, VS, Lomovasky, BJ, Absher, TM, Sole-Cava, AM, 2019. Crassostrea talonata, a new threat to native oyster (Bivalvia: Ostreidae) culture in the Southwest Atlantic. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 511: 91 - 99, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2018.11.011" title="Crassostrea talonata, a new threat to native oyster (Bivalvia: Ostreidae) culture in the Southwest Atlantic." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2018.11.011" volume="511" year="2019">Cavaleiro et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. talonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="talonata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. talonata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exists. In
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Li, X" journalOrPublisher="Studia Marina Sinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="143 - 173" refId="B19" refString="Li, X, Qi, Z, 1994. Studies on the comparative anatomy, systematic classification and evolution of Chinese oysters (In Chinese). Studia Marina Sinica 35: 143 - 173" title="Studies on the comparative anatomy, systematic classification and evolution of Chinese oysters (In Chinese)." volume="35" year="1994">Li and Qi (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the mid gut of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. talonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="talonata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. talonata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is shown running to the anterior before curving over the face of the stomach whereas in
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2018.11.011" author="Cavaleiro, NP" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="91 - 99" refId="B8" refString="Cavaleiro, NP, Lazoski, C, Tureck, CR, Melo, CMR, do Amaral, VS, Lomovasky, BJ, Absher, TM, Sole-Cava, AM, 2019. Crassostrea talonata, a new threat to native oyster (Bivalvia: Ostreidae) culture in the Southwest Atlantic. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 511: 91 - 99, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2018.11.011" title="Crassostrea talonata, a new threat to native oyster (Bivalvia: Ostreidae) culture in the Southwest Atlantic." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2018.11.011" volume="511" year="2019">Cavaleiro et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. salpinx" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="salpinx">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. salpinx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the mid gut runs toward the posterior. Without Chinese specimens to dissect we are unable to tell if the difference is real or an artifact in the illustration by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Li, X" journalOrPublisher="Studia Marina Sinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="143 - 173" refId="B19" refString="Li, X, Qi, Z, 1994. Studies on the comparative anatomy, systematic classification and evolution of Chinese oysters (In Chinese). Studia Marina Sinica 35: 143 - 173" title="Studies on the comparative anatomy, systematic classification and evolution of Chinese oysters (In Chinese)." volume="35" year="1994">Li and Qi (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The detailed anatomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. zhanjiangensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="zhanjiangensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. zhanjiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has never been described.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Torigoe, K" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B32" refString="Torigoe, K, 1981. Oysters in Japan. Journal of science of the Hiroshima University Ser B, Div. 1 (Zoology) 29(2): 291-347." title="Oysters in Japan. Journal of science of the Hiroshima University Ser B, Div. 1 (Zoology) 29 (2): 291 - 347." year="1981">Torigoe (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the mantle tentacles of the major genera noting that for the inner fold of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Scarlato & Starobogatov" authorityYear="1979" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Crassostreinae">Crassostreinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
the tentacles are arranged in an alternating large-small pattern but in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. salpinx" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="salpinx">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. salpinx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the inner mantle fold tentacles are all of the same size. The mantle tentacle arrangement has not been described for other
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="X. - X. Li & Z. - Y. Qi" authorityYear="1994" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Talonostrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Talonostrea" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Talonostrea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Genetic distance between
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. salpinx" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="salpinx">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. salpinx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the other two
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="X. - X. Li & Z. - Y. Qi" authorityYear="1994" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Talonostrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Talonostrea" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Talonostrea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species is remarkably high (~20% and ~7% for
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">cox1</emphasis>
|
||
and 16S genes respectively). Such a high genetic divergence combined with a unique morphology might justify the assignment of this new species to a distinct genus of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Scarlato & Starobogatov" authorityYear="1979" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Crassostreinae">Crassostreinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, we believe that its assignment to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="X. - X. Li & Z. - Y. Qi" authorityYear="1994" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Talonostrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Talonostrea" order="Ostreida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Talonostrea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a more conservative approach as it avoids erecting a monotypic genus. This study emphasizes once again that our knowledge of the evolutionary diversity of oysters is far from complete and that molecular data are essential for a robust taxonomic identification and classification of oyster taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |