196 lines
17 KiB
XML
196 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.347.6002" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4523286c-586e-4e1e-b33f-6836d3165a18" ID-PMC="PMC3822444" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-347-1" ID-PubMed="24222723" ID-ZBK="52232D18DD784A84882CACA428B4A9D2" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-347-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 347" ModsDocTitle="The Doryctinae (Braconidae) of Costa Rica: genera and species of the tribe Heterospilini" checkinTime="1451246744844" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Marsh, Paul M., Wild, Alexander L. & Whitfield, James B." docDate="2013" docId="D406562895CF157FC93B25EB5EC07588" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 347: 1-474" docOrigin="ZooKeys 347" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.347.6002" docTitle="Heterospilini Fischer" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FF80331FA362FFFA435DFFBEFFDF333B" masterDocTitle="The Doryctinae (Braconidae) of Costa Rica: genera and species of the tribe Heterospilini" masterLastPageNumber="474" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1668156762379" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Doryctinae (Braconidae) of Costa Rica: genera and species of the tribe Heterospilini</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Marsh, Paul M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wild, Alexander L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Whitfield, James B.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>347</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>474</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.347.6002</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.347.6002</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-347-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">52232D18DD784A84882CACA428B4A9D2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">52232D18DD784A84882CACA428B4A9D2</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152049093" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D406562895CF157FC93B25EB5EC07588" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D406562895CF157FC93B25EB5EC07588" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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Tribe
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<taxonomicName authority="Fischer" lsidName="" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="tribe" tribe="Heterospilini">Heterospilini Fischer</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="tribe" tribe="Heterospilini">Heterospilini</taxonomicName>
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Fischer, 1981: 47 (as subtribe
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<taxonomicName genus="Heterospilina" lsidName="Heterospilina" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="genus">Heterospilina</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fore wing vein 2RS absent (Fig. 8A), at least partially, rarely indicated by infuscated line (nebulose vein) but not a distinct tubular vein; fore wing first subdiscal cell open at apex, vein 2cu-a absent (Fig. 8A); basal sternal plate (acrosternite) of first metasomal segment 1/4 length of tergum; hind coxa usually with antero-ventral tooth or tubercle at base (Fig. 10C), occasionally with weak tooth; hind wing of male usually with enlarged stigma near base.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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The complete or near absence of the fore wing vein 2RS occurs in several other tribes of the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Doryctinae">Doryctinae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Belokobylskij, SA" journalOrPublisher="Insect Systematics and Evolution" pageId="435" pageNumber="436" pagination="149 - 178" title="Neoheterospilus gen. n., a new genus of the tribe Heterospilini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Doryctinae) with highly modified ovipositor and a worldwide distribution." url="10.1163/187631206788831119" volume="37" year="2006">Belokobylskij (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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presented a key to the World tribes and genera of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Doryctinae">Doryctinae</taxonomicName>
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with a reduced fore wing vein 2RS. A few apterous or brachypterous species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Heterospilus</taxonomicName>
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have been described including one from Costa Rica (
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<bibRefCitation author="Kula, RR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="436" pageNumber="437" pagination="83 - 90" title="A new brachypterous species of Heterospilus Haliday (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from the Neotropical Region." url="10.3897/jhr.33.4009" volume="33" year="2013">Kula 2013</bibRefCitation>
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) and two in the Nearctic Region (
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<bibRefCitation author="Kula, RR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="436" pageNumber="437" pagination="53 - 64" title="Two new brachypterous species of Heterospilus Haliday (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Doryctinae) from the Nearctic Region." url="10.3897/JHR.21.875" volume="21" year="2011">Kula 2011</bibRefCitation>
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). In the present study of nearly 7,000 specimens, no apterous or brachypterous forms were found. Most of the specimens were collected in Malaise traps or by sweep nets but the specimens that were described by Kula were collected in pan traps. Undoubtedly, if more collecting in Costa Rica were to be done using pan traps, more specimens of wingless species would be found.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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In Costa Rica, the tribe
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="tribe" tribe="Heterospilini">Heterospilini</taxonomicName>
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is composed almost entirely of the speciose genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Heterospilus</taxonomicName>
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but also includes three smaller genera which can be identified by the key below.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="start">Very</pageBreakToken>
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little is known about the biology of the species in the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="tribe" tribe="Heterospilini">Heterospilini</taxonomicName>
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. The genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Heterospilus</taxonomicName>
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has the most diverse host range within the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Doryctinae">Doryctinae</taxonomicName>
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. Where records are known, species in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Heterospilus</taxonomicName>
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parasitize a very wide range of endophytic, mostly stem-boring, hosts. In the
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Coleoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coleoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Heterospilus</taxonomicName>
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parasitizes the families
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<taxonomicName family="Anobiidae" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Anobiidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Bostrichidae" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Bostrichidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Bruchidae" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Bruchidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Buprestidae" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Buprestidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Cerambycidae" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Cerambycidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Curculionidae" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Curculionidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Languriidae" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Languriidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Mordellidae" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Mordellidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName family="Scolytidae" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Scolytidae</taxonomicName>
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; in the
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Lepidoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lepidoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
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, the families
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<taxonomicName family="Gelechiidae" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Gelechiidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Incurvariidae" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Incurvariidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Pyralidae" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Pyralidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName family="Tortricidae" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Tortricidae</taxonomicName>
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are utilized; and two Mexican species were reared from the cotton boll weevil (
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<bibRefCitation author="Marsh, PM" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="436" pageNumber="437" title="The Doryctinae of Costa Rica (excluding the genus Heterospilus)." volume="70" year="2002">Marsh 2002</bibRefCitation>
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). In Costa Rica, even less is known about the hosts of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Heterospilus</taxonomicName>
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relative to the large number of species. One species,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterospilus microstigmi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microstigmi">Heterospilus microstigmi</taxonomicName>
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Richards, has been reared from larvae of pemphredonine sphecid wasps of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Microstigmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microstigmus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Microstigmus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Marsh, PM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="436" pageNumber="437" pagination="13 - 22" title="Biology and systematics of New World Heterospilus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) attacking Pemphredoninae (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)." volume="8" year="1999">Marsh and Melo 1999</bibRefCitation>
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); another species,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterospilus lapierrei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lapierrei">Heterospilus lapierrei</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., was reared from a weevil infesting
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cecropia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cecropia" order="Rosales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cecropia</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Hespenheide, HA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="436" pageNumber="437" pagination="1 - 39" title="A review of Pseudolechriops Champion (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae)." volume="1384" year="2006">Hespenheide and LaPierre 2006</bibRefCitation>
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); and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterospilus sinuatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuatus">Heterospilus sinuatus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. has been reared from several species of bruchids (
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<bibRefCitation author="Whitehead, DR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences" pageId="437" pageNumber="438" pagination="108 - 116" title="Parasitic Hymenoptera associated with bruchid-infested fruits in Costa Rica." volume="65" year="1975">Whitehead 1975</bibRefCitation>
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). One record of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Heterospilus</taxonomicName>
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attacking streblid bat flies needs to be confirmed (
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<bibRefCitation author="Shockley, FW" journalOrPublisher="Biotropica" pageId="436" pageNumber="437" pagination="789 - 700" title="Discovery of a parasitoid and a predator of bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae) at La Selva, Costa Rica." url="10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00207.x" volume="38" year="2006">Shockley and Murray 2006</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="key to the genera of heterospilini from costa rica">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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Key to the Genera of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="tribe" tribe="Heterospilini">Heterospilini</taxonomicName>
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from Costa Rica
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<table pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Fig. 9A</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Neoheterospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoheterospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neoheterospilus</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Fig. 10D</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Pioscelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pioscelus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pioscelus</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Fig. 10C</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">Fig. 9B</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Paraheterospilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraheterospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paraheterospilus</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Heterospilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterospilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Heterospilus</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |