921 lines
115 KiB
XML
921 lines
115 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.989.32822" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8bd911c4-a027-4a72-a69b-f37bc46b24b9" ID-PMC="PMC7669820" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-989-79" ID-Pensoft-UUID="65AB71A5B3985F5E9FBF8CD56BC96143" ID-PubMed="33223897" ID-ZooBank="F78F6D879DDB4CD98E4C60E4883A59B6" ModsDocID="1313-2970-989-79" checkinTime="1604986516813" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Selz, Oliver M., Doenz, Carmela J., Vonlanthen, Pascal & Seehausen, Ole" docDate="2020" docId="C16FB704958A59E7B9F5A267D349A919" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 989: 79-162" docOrigin="ZooKeys 989" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.989.32822" docTitle="Coregonus alpinus Fatio 1885" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="65AB71A5B3985F5E9FBF8CD56BC96143" lastPageNumber="102" masterDocId="65AB71A5B3985F5E9FBF8CD56BC96143" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the whitefish of lakes Brienz and Thun, Switzerland, with descriptions of four new species (Teleostei, Coregonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="79" pageNumber="96" updateTime="1668169826672" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the whitefish of lakes Brienz and Thun, Switzerland, with descriptions of four new species (Teleostei, Coregonidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Selz, Oliver M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland & Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2210-5909</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">oliver.selz@eawag.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Doenz, Carmela J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland & Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vonlanthen, Pascal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland & Aquabios GmbH, Les Fermes 57, 1792 Cordast, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Seehausen, Ole</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland & Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>989</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>79</mods:start>
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<mods:end>162</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.989.32822</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.989.32822</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-989-79</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F78F6D879DDB4CD98E4C60E4883A59B6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">65AB71A5B3985F5E9FBF8CD56BC96143</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168961870" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C16FB704958A59E7B9F5A267D349A919" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C16FB704958A59E7B9F5A267D349A919" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="17" pageNumber="96">
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="96" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="96">
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<taxonomicName LSID="C16FB704-958A-59E7-B9F5-A267D349A919" authority="Fatio, 1885" authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1885" class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus alpinus" order="Teleostei" pageId="17" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpinus">Coregonus alpinus Fatio, 1885</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="97" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="97">
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="18" pageNumber="97" start="start">Coregonus</pageBreakToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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"Albock":
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|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02502369" author="Rufli, H" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="7 - 31" refId="B54" refString="Rufli, H, 1978. Die heutigen sympatrischen Felchenpopulationen (Coregonus spp.) des Thuner- und Bielersees und ihre Morphologie. Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie 40: 7 - 31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02502369" title="Die heutigen sympatrischen Felchenpopulationen (Coregonus spp.) des Thuner- und Bielersees und ihre Morphologie." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02502369" volume="40" year="1978">Rufli 1978</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02551760" author="Rufli, H" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitschrift fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="64 - 93" refId="B55" refString="Rufli, H, 1979. Ernaehrung und Wachstumder Felchen populationen (Coregonus spp.) des Thuner-und Bielersees. Schweizerische Zeitschrift fuer Hydrologie 41: 64 - 93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02551760" title="Ernaehrung und Wachstumder Felchen populationen (Coregonus spp.) des Thuner-und Bielersees." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02551760" volume="41" year="1979">1979</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Kirchhofer, A" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie - Beiheft Ergebnisse der Limnologie" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="303 - 318" refId="B36" refString="Kirchhofer, A, Tschumi, PA, 1986. Age structure and growth of coregonid fish populations in Lake Thun. Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie - Beiheft Ergebnisse der Limnologie 22: 303 - 318" title="Age structure and growth of coregonid fish populations in Lake Thun." volume="22" year="1986">Kirchhofer and Tschumi 1986</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kirchhofer, A" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="61 - 70" refId="B35" refString="Kirchhofer, A, 1995. Growth characteristics of coregonid populations in three lakes with different trophic states and decreasing nutrient concentrations. Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology 46: 61 - 70" title="Growth characteristics of coregonid populations in three lakes with different trophic states and decreasing nutrient concentrations." volume="46" year="1995">Kirchhofer 1995</bibRefCitation>
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(see also synonymy of
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<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. steinmanni" order="Teleostei" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="steinmanni">C. steinmanni</taxonomicName>
|
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and
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|
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. acrinasus" order="Teleostei" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="acrinasus">C. acrinasus</taxonomicName>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="97">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1885" class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus balleus" order="Teleostei" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balleus">Coregonus balleus</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B18" refString="Fatio, V, 1885. Les coregones de la Suisse (feras diverses) classification et conditions de frai. Recueil Zoologie Suisse 1, 2: 649-665. [22, 23 pls]" title="Les coregones de la Suisse (feras diverses) classification et conditions de frai. Recueil Zoologie Suisse 1, 2: 649 - 665. [22, 23 pls]" year="1885">Fatio 1885</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="97">
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
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|
"Balchen", "THU2": Douglas et al. 1999,
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|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00581.x" author="Douglas, MR" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B17" refString="Douglas, MR, Brunner, PC, Bernatchez, L, 2003. Doassemblages of Coregonus (Teleostei: Salmoniformes) in the Central Alpine region of Europe represent species flocks? Molecular Ecology 8: 589-603. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00581.x" title="Doassemblages of Coregonus (Teleostei: Salmoniformes) in the Central Alpine region of Europe represent species flocks? Molecular Ecology 8: 589 - 603." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00581.x" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[0154:BOCACS]2.0.CO;2" author="Douglas, MR" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B16" refString="Douglas, MR, Brunner, PC, 2002. Biodiversity of central alpine Coregonus (Salmoniformes): impact of one-hundred years of management. Ecological Applications 12: 154-172. https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[0154:BOCACS]2.0.CO;2" title="Biodiversity of central alpine Coregonus (Salmoniformes): impact of one-hundred years of management. Ecological Applications 12: 154 - 172." url="https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[0154:BOCACS]2.0.CO;2" year="2002">Douglas and Brunner 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|
(see also synonymy of
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. steinmanni" order="Teleostei" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="steinmanni">C. steinmanni</taxonomicName>
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)
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
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"Balchen":
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|
<bibRefCitation author="Heuscher, J" journalOrPublisher="Zwingli, Pfaeffikon" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" refId="B23" refString="Heuscher, J, 1901. Thuner- und Brienzer-See. Ihre Biologischen und Fischerei-Verhaeltnisse. Druck E. Zwingli, Pfaeffikon" title="Thuner- und Brienzer-See. Ihre Biologischen und Fischerei-Verhaeltnisse. Druck E." year="1901">Heuscher 1901</bibRefCitation>
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;
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|
<bibRefCitation author="Surbeck, G" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" refId="B58" refString="Surbeck, G, 1917. Der Brienzlig (Coregonusexiguus Klunz. var. albellus Fatio). Neue Beobachtungen, Fang- und Zuchtversuche. Schweizerisches Departement des Innern. Inspektion fuer Forstwesen, Jagd und Fischerei. Buchdruckerei HNERI KUNZ, Pfaeffikon." title="Der Brienzlig (Coregonusexiguus Klunz. var. albellus Fatio). Neue Beobachtungen, Fang- und Zuchtversuche. Schweizerisches Departement des Innern. Inspektion fuer Forstwesen, Jagd und Fischerei. Buchdruckerei HNERI KUNZ, Pfaeffikon." year="1917">Surbeck 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
|
(see also synonymy of
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. steinmanni" order="Teleostei" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="steinmanni">C. steinmanni</taxonomicName>
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|
)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="97">
|
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
|
|
"Felchen":
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kirchhofer, A" journalOrPublisher="Bioinformatics" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" refId="B34" refString="Kirchhofer, A, 1990. Limnologische und Ichtyologische Untersuchungen im Brienzersee unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Differenzierung der sympatrischen Felchenpopulationen. Dissertation, Phil.-nat. Fakultaet der Universitaet Bern." title="Limnologische und Ichtyologische Untersuchungen im Brienzersee unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Differenzierung der sympatrischen Felchenpopulationen. Dissertation, Phil. - nat. Fakultaet der Universitaet Bern." year="1990">Kirchhofer 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kirchhofer, A" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="61 - 70" refId="B35" refString="Kirchhofer, A, 1995. Growth characteristics of coregonid populations in three lakes with different trophic states and decreasing nutrient concentrations. Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology 46: 61 - 70" title="Growth characteristics of coregonid populations in three lakes with different trophic states and decreasing nutrient concentrations." volume="46" year="1995">Kirchhofer 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|
(see also synonymy of
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. fatioi" order="Teleostei" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="fatioi">C. fatioi</taxonomicName>
|
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. brienzii" order="Teleostei" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="brienzii">C. brienzii</taxonomicName>
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|
)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="97">
|
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
|
|
"Large type":
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Maurer, V" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" refId="B42" refString="Maurer, V, Guthruf, K, 2005. Brienzerseefelchen - Magenanalysen - Schlussbericht. Bericht i.A. Fischereiinspektorat des Kantons Bern. HYDRA: 1-18." title="Brienzerseefelchen - Magenanalysen - Schlussbericht. Bericht i. A. Fischereiinspektorat des Kantons Bern. HYDRA: 1 - 18." year="2005">Maurer and Guthruf 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" author="Mueller, R" journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Sciences" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" pagination="271 - 288" refId="B43" refString="Mueller, R, Breitenstein, M, Bia, MM, Rellstab, C, Kirchhofer, A, 2007. Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz. Aquatic Sciences 69: 271 - 288, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" title="Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" volume="69" year="2007">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
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et al. 2007
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|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
(see also synonymy of
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. fatioi" order="Teleostei" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="fatioi">C. fatioi</taxonomicName>
|
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and
|
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. brienzii" order="Teleostei" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="brienzii">C. brienzii</taxonomicName>
|
|
)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="97">
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|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus lavaretus" order="Teleostei" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lavaretus">Coregonus lavaretus</taxonomicName>
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natio
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="97">arurensis</emphasis>
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, oekot.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="97">litoralis</emphasis>
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:
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|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" author="Steinmann, P" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="340 - 491" refId="B57" refString="Steinmann, P, 1950. Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil. Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie 12: 340 - 491, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" title="Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" volume="12" year="1950">Steinmann 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus lavaretus" order="Teleostei" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lavaretus">Coregonus lavaretus</taxonomicName>
|
|
natio
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="97">arurensis</emphasis>
|
|
, oekot.
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="97">primigenius</emphasis>
|
|
:
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" author="Steinmann, P" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="340 - 491" refId="B57" refString="Steinmann, P, 1950. Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil. Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie 12: 340 - 491, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" title="Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" volume="12" year="1950">Steinmann 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
|
(see also synonymy of
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. fatio" order="Teleostei" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="fatio">C. fatio</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. steinmanni" order="Teleostei" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="steinmanni">C. steinmanni</taxonomicName>
|
|
)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1885" class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus schinzii subsp. alpinus" order="Teleostei" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="schinzii" subSpecies="alpinus">Coregonus schinzii alpinus</taxonomicName>
|
|
:
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B18" refString="Fatio, V, 1885. Les coregones de la Suisse (feras diverses) classification et conditions de frai. Recueil Zoologie Suisse 1, 2: 649-665. [22, 23 pls]" title="Les coregones de la Suisse (feras diverses) classification et conditions de frai. Recueil Zoologie Suisse 1, 2: 649 - 665. [22, 23 pls]" year="1885">Fatio 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1890" class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus schinzii subsp. helveticus" order="Teleostei" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="schinzii" subSpecies="helveticus">Coregonus schinzii helveticus</taxonomicName>
|
|
:
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="V, 2 partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B19" refString="Fatio, V, 1890. Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol. V, 2partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" title="Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" year="1890">Fatio 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1890" class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus schinzii subsp. helveticus" order="Teleostei" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="schinzii" subSpecies="helveticus">Coregonus schinzii helveticus</taxonomicName>
|
|
var.
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1890" class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="var. Thunensis" order="Teleostei" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="schinzii" variety="Thunensis">Thunensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
:
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="V, 2 partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B19" refString="Fatio, V, 1890. Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol. V, 2partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" title="Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" year="1890">Fatio 1890</bibRefCitation>
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|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. "Balchen":
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0925" author="Hudson, AG" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="58 - 66" refId="B28" refString="Hudson, AG, Vonlanthen, P, Seehausen, O, 2011. Rapid parallel adaptive radiation from a single hybridogenic ancestral population. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278: 58 - 66, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0925" title="Rapid parallel adaptive radiation from a single hybridogenic ancestral population." url="https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0925" volume="278" year="2011">Hudson et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-108" author="Hudson, AG" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 108" refId="B27" refString="Hudson, AG, Vonlanthen, P, Bezault, E, Seehausen, O, 2013. Genomic signatures of relaxed disruptive selection associated with speciation reversal in whitefish. BMC Evolutionary Biology 13: 1 - 108, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-108" title="Genomic signatures of relaxed disruptive selection associated with speciation reversal in whitefish." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-108" volume="13" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12446" author="Hudson, AG" journalOrPublisher="Evolutionary Applications" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="251 - 266" refId="B26" refString="Hudson, AG, Lundsgaard-Hansen, B, Lucek, K, Vonlanthen, P, Seehausen, O, 2016. Managing cryptic biodiversity: fine- scale intralacustrine speciation along a benthic gradient in Alpine whitefish (Coregonus spp.). Evolutionary Applications 10: 251 - 266, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12446" title="Managing cryptic biodiversity: fine- scale intralacustrine speciation along a benthic gradient in Alpine whitefish (Coregonus spp.)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12446" volume="10" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Ingram, T" journalOrPublisher="Advances in Limnology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" refId="B30" refString="Ingram, T, Hudson, AG, Vonlanthen, P, Seehausen, O, 2012. Does water depth or diet divergence predict progress towards ecological speciation in whitefish radiations? Evolutionary Ecology Research 14: 487-502." title="Does water depth or diet divergence predict progress towards ecological speciation in whitefish radiations? Evolutionary Ecology Research 14: 487 - 502." year="2012">Ingram et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10824" author="Vonlanthen, P" journalOrPublisher="Nature" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="357 - 363" refId="B64" refString="Vonlanthen, P, Bittner, D, Hudson, A, Young, KA, Mueller, R, Lundsgaard-Hansen, B, Roy, D, Di Piazza, S, Largiader, CR, Seehausen, O, 2012. Eutrophication causes speciation reversal in whitefish adaptive radiations. Nature 482: 357 - 363, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10824" title="Eutrophication causes speciation reversal in whitefish adaptive radiations." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10824" volume="482" year="2012">Vonlanthen et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Vonlanthen, P" journalOrPublisher="Projet Lac, Eawag, Kastanien- baum" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" refId="B63" refString="Vonlanthen, P, Periat, G, Doenz, C, Hellmann, J, Alexander, TJ, Seehausen, O, 2015. Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischpopulation im Thunersee. Projet Lac, Eawag, Kastanien- baum" title="Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischpopulation im Thunersee." year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12063" author="Lundsgaard-Hansen, B" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" pagination="483 - 498" refId="B41" refString="Lundsgaard-Hansen, B, Matthews, B, Vonlanthen, P, Taverna, A, Seehausen, O, 2013. Adaptive plasticity and genetic divergence in feeding efficiency during parallel adaptive radiation of whitefish (Coregonus spp.). Journal of Evolutionary Biology 26: 483 - 498, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12063" title="Adaptive plasticity and genetic divergence in feeding efficiency during parallel adaptive radiation of whitefish (Coregonus spp.)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12063" volume="26" year="2013">Lundsgaard-Hansen et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12166" author="Roesch, C" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" pagination="1578 - 1587" refId="B50" refString="Roesch, C, Lundsgaard-Hansen, B, Vonlanthen, P, Taverna, A, Seehausen, O, 2013. Experimental evidence for trait utility of gill raker number in adaptive radiation of a north temperate fish. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 26: 1578 - 1587, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12166" title="Experimental evidence for trait utility of gill raker number in adaptive radiation of a north temperate fish." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12166" volume="26" year="2013">Roesch et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Vonlanthen, P" journalOrPublisher="ProjetLac, Eawag, Kastanienbaum" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" refId="B62" refString="Vonlanthen, P, Periat, G, 2013. Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischpopulation im Brienzersee. ProjetLac, Eawag, Kastanienbaum" title="Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischpopulation im Brienzersee." year="2013">
|
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Vonlanthen and
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Périat">Periat</normalizedToken>
|
|
2013
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
(see also synonymy of
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. steinmanni" order="Teleostei" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="steinmanni">C. steinmanni</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. brienzii" order="Teleostei" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="brienzii">C. brienzii</taxonomicName>
|
|
)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. "Balchen 1":
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" author="Doenz, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B15" refString="Doenz, CJ, Bittner, D, Vonlanthen, P, Wagner, CE, Seehausen, O, 2018. Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish. Ecology and Evolution 2018: 1 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" title="Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" volume="2018" year="2018">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Dönz">Doenz</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. 2018
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Coregonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus" order="Teleostei" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Coregonus</taxonomicName>
|
|
"Albock", "Uferalbock":
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" author="Steinmann, P" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" pagination="340 - 491" refId="B57" refString="Steinmann, P, 1950. Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil. Schweizerische Zeitung fuer Hydrologie 12: 340 - 491, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" title="Monographie der schweizerischen Koregonen. Beitrag zum Problem der Entstehung neuer Arten. Spezieller Teil." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02489885" volume="12" year="1950">Steinmann 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
|
(see also synonymy of
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. steinmanni" order="Teleostei" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="steinmanni">C. steinmanni</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Coregonidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. fatioi" order="Teleostei" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="fatioi">C. fatioi</taxonomicName>
|
|
)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="97" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="97">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3023655304" collectionCode="MHNG" country="Switzerland" latitude="46.666668" location="Lake Thun" longLatPrecision="1122" longitude="7.7666664" specimenCode="MHNG-717.045" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<typeStatus>Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<specimenCode>MHNG-717.045</specimenCode>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingMunicipality>Switzerland</collectingMunicipality>
|
|
,
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C16FB704958A59E7B9F5A267D349A919:7E9888E09485A1BDAB47E8FEDB5C28AB" latitude="46.666668" longLatPrecision="1122" longitude="7.7666664" municipality="Switzerland" name="Lake Thun">Lake Thun</location>
|
|
(
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="46.666668">46°40'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="7.7666664">7°46'E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), 283 mm SL, sex unknown.
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3023655309" collectionCode="NMBE" country="Switzerland" latitude="46.666668" location="Lake Thun" longLatPrecision="1122" longitude="7.7666664" specimenCode="NMBE-1077241-1077261" specimenCount="21">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="97">Non-types</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<specimenCode>NMBE-1077241-1077261</specimenCode>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry>Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C16FB704958A59E7B9F5A267D349A919:1293D8289B58DA2C6EFEB9E44AB0CEE2" country="Switzerland" latitude="46.666668" longLatPrecision="1122" longitude="7.7666664" name="Lake Thun">Lake Thun</location>
|
|
(
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="46.666668">46°40'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="7.7666664">7°46'E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), N =
|
|
<specimenCount>21</specimenCount>
|
|
, 210-364 mm SL;
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3023655322" collectionCode="NMBE" country="Switzerland" latitude="46.716667" location="Lake Brienz" longLatPrecision="1121" longitude="7.95" specimenCode="NMBE-1059817, 1059821, 1077134, NMBE-1077110- 1077115" specimenCount="9">
|
|
<specimenCode>NMBE-1059817</specimenCode>
|
|
;
|
|
<specimenCode>1059821</specimenCode>
|
|
;
|
|
<specimenCode>1077134</specimenCode>
|
|
,
|
|
<specimenCode>NMBE-1077110- 1077115</specimenCode>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry>Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C16FB704958A59E7B9F5A267D349A919:46FCABA7096A384BB52D29590BFF8E3E" country="Switzerland" latitude="46.716667" longLatPrecision="1121" longitude="7.95" name="Lake Brienz">Lake Brienz</location>
|
|
(
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="46.716667">46°43'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="7.95">7°57'E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), N =
|
|
<specimenCount>9</specimenCount>
|
|
, 147-290 mm SL.
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="97" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="97">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1885" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus alpinus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="97">Coregonus alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a large whitefish with strong pigmentation of all fins and the body; greenish blue colour on the flanks above the lateral line; moderate to many pigmented small dots on the scales along the flank and the dorsum; deep bodied; truncated blunt snout; short head; sub-terminal mouth; small eye with a thick and triangular-shaped eye socket; short and stout caudal peduncle; few and short gill rakers.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" type="differential diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="97">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="18" pageNumber="97">
|
|
Differential diagnosis against
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="18" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="97">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is given under that species account. The total number of gill rakers of 25 to 34 with mode-values
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="98" start="start">of</pageBreakToken>
|
|
28, 29, and 30 distinguishes
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from all other six whitefish species of lakes Thun and Brienz, by either having more gill rakers than the species
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. profundus" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="profundus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">C. profundus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(total GR: 15-27, mode = 21) or fewer gill rakers than
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(total GR: 32-43, mode = 38),
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(32-44, mode = 38),
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(30-35, mode = 31),
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="C. brienzii" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">C. brienzii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(32-39, mode = 37) and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. acrinasus" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="acrinasus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">C. acrinasus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(30-40, mode = 36) (Suppl. material 1: Table S6). The contemporary gill raker range is congruent with the historical gill raker range (23-27) given in
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="V, 2 partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B19" refString="Fatio, V, 1890. Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol. V, 2partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" title="Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" year="1890">Fatio (1890)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="98">
|
|
For specimens in Lake Brienz smaller than 163.5 mm SL
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be distinguished from the other three whitefish species by a larger "length of the depressed anterior part of the dorsal fin / lower jaw length" ratio (DFAd/LJ: 2.57-2.58 vs. 1.6-2.1). For fish larger than 163.5 mm SL,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="C. brienzii" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">C. brienzii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by a larger "length of the erected anterior part of the dorsal fin / upper jaw length" ratio (DFAe/UJ: 3.28-4.1 vs. 2.58-3.19). With the full-size range (100-290 m) of Lake Brienz specimens,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be distinguished from the other three whitefish species by a larger "length of the erected anterior part of the dorsal fin / upper jaw length" ratio (DFAe/UJ: 3.25-4.1 vs. 2.14-3.19) (Table
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 11" captionStartId="T11" captionText="Table 11. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of either head or body characters (see Table 1) alone or combined, used for pair-wise comparisons of all contemporary specimens from the four whitefish species of Lake Brienz. For some species comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-l); the respective characters that were excluded are listed at the end of the table. Only external characters were used for the LDA comparisons, since internal characters (gill raker and gill arch length) cannot be measured on live specimens, and are thus not informative to assign specimens to species in the field. Due to large size differences between the species the LDA ratios were calculated with three different datasets; once each with individuals larger or smaller than 163.5 mm standard length and once with the full size ranges of all species. For the multi-species comparisons, only the comparisons that yielded distinguishing ratios are shown. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i. e., the smaller the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (for the pairwise species comparisons not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with that of the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1938BA3F30891D955E117634DFF76717" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" tableUuid="1938BA3F30891D955E117634DFF76717">11</tableCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="98">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1885" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus alpinus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">Coregonus alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
-
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Kottelat" authorityYear="1997" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus fatioi" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">Coregonus fatioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="98">
|
|
The specimens from lakes Thun and Brienz of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be distinguished from those of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having a shorter under jaw (24.3-30.1% HL, mean = 27.4 vs. 27.6-34.1% HL, mean = 30), and a shorter longest gill raker (10-15.2% HL, mean = 11.9 vs. 12.3-22.6, mean = 15.6).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="98">
|
|
In Lake Brienz
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having a shorter caudal peduncle (11.3-13.9% SL, mean = 12.5 vs. 13.1-16.1% SL, mean = 14.2) and a shorter and narrower lower jaw (lower jaw length: 33.8-39.4% HL, mean = 38.2 vs. 37.6-48.4% HL, mean = 42.6; lower jaw width: 7.3-10.6% HL, mean = 8.8vs. 8.6- 13.3% HL, mean = 11.6). For fish from Lake Brienz larger than 163.5 mm SL,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be distinguished based on ratios from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having a larger "length of the erected anterior part of the anal fin / upper jaw length" ratio (AFAe/UJ: 1.96-2.5 vs. 1.66-1.96) and a larger "head length / upper jaw length" ratio (HL/UJ: 3.55-3.93 vs. 3.13-3.55). With the full size range (100-290 mm) of Lake Brienz specimens,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having a larger "length of the erected anterior part of the dorsal fin / upper jaw length" ratio (DFAe/UJ: 3.25-4.1 vs. 2.14-3.19) (Table
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 11" captionStartId="T11" captionText="Table 11. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of either head or body characters (see Table 1) alone or combined, used for pair-wise comparisons of all contemporary specimens from the four whitefish species of Lake Brienz. For some species comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-l); the respective characters that were excluded are listed at the end of the table. Only external characters were used for the LDA comparisons, since internal characters (gill raker and gill arch length) cannot be measured on live specimens, and are thus not informative to assign specimens to species in the field. Due to large size differences between the species the LDA ratios were calculated with three different datasets; once each with individuals larger or smaller than 163.5 mm standard length and once with the full size ranges of all species. For the multi-species comparisons, only the comparisons that yielded distinguishing ratios are shown. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i. e., the smaller the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (for the pairwise species comparisons not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with that of the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1938BA3F30891D955E117634DFF76717" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" tableUuid="1938BA3F30891D955E117634DFF76717">11</tableCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="98">
|
|
In Lake Thun
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be further distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having a shorter postdorsal length (38.3-43.9% SL, mean = 42.7 vs. 41.6-50.7% SL, mean = 44.9) and a thicker eye socket (3.4-6.3% HL, mean = 5.1 vs. 1.7-5.9% HL, mean = 3.6). Based on ratios
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having a larger "caudal peduncle depth / postdorsal length" ratio (CD/PostD: 0.17-0.21 vs. 0.14-0.17) (Tables
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Morphological and meristic data of C. alpinus Fatio 1885 from lakes Thun and Brienz, MHNG- 717.045 lectotype from Lake Thun; non-type material N = 21 from Lake Thun and N = 9 from Lake Brienz." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9669BA508A306ED99671945EA953E3E6" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" tableUuid="9669BA508A306ED99671945EA953E3E6">4</tableCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="T5" captionText="Table 5. Morphological and meristic data of C. fatioi Kottelat, 1997 from lakes Thun and Brienz, MHNG- 809.059 lectotype from Lake Thun; non-type material N = 30 from Lake Thun and N = 30 from Lake Brienz." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D20800A6BA3A8F81D3DE8557FAEE1C63" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" tableUuid="D20800A6BA3A8F81D3DE8557FAEE1C63">5</tableCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 10" captionStartId="T10" captionText="Table 10. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of either head or body characters (see Table 1) alone or combined, used for pair-wise comparisons of all contemporary specimens from the six whitefish species of Lake Thun. For some comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-d); the respective characters that were excluded are listed at the end of the table. Only external characters were used for the LDA comparisons, since internal characters (gill raker and gill arch length) cannot be measured on live specimens, and are thus not informative to assign specimens to species in the field. Additionally, species were combined to find first- and second-best ratios that distinguish one species or a combination of species vs. all other species. For multi-species comparisons, only the comparisons that yielded distinguishing ratios are shown. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i. e., the smaller δ the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (for the pairwise species comparisons not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1221F02E5B903E9544AEB92AE83A0152" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" tableUuid="1221F02E5B903E9544AEB92AE83A0152">10</tableCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="98">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1885" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus alpinus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">Coregonus alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
-
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus brienzii" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">Coregonus brienzii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Lake Brienz can be differentiated from
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="C. brienzii" pageId="19" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="98">C. brienzii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having a shorter caudal peduncle (11.3-13.9% SL, mean = 12.5 vs. 12.2-15.8% SL, mean = 13.8), a shorter upper and lower jaw (upper jaw: 25.4-29.1% HL, mean = 26.8 vs. 27.1-32% HL, mean = 29.5; lower jaw: 33.8-39.4% HL, mean = 38.2 vs. 40.5-45.7%
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="99" start="start">HL</pageBreakToken>
|
|
, mean = 42.2), a narrower snout (14.6-17.6% HL, mean = 15.7 vs. 15.7-20.2% HL, mean = 17.8), a narrower lower jaw (7.3-10.6% HL, mean = 8.8 vs. 10.1-14.1% HL, mean = 11.5) and shorter gill rakers (middle gill raker length: 8.3-11.2% HL, mean = 9.8 vs. 10.9-15.1% HL, mean = 13.5; longest gill raker length: 10-12.3% HL, mean = 10.8 vs. 12.1-16.8% HL, mean = 14.7). For fish larger than 163.5 mm SL,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="99">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Lake Brienz can be distinguished based on ratios from
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="C. brienzii" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="99">C. brienzii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having a larger "caudal peduncle depth / snout width" ratio (CD/SW: 2.25-2.64 vs. 1.82-2.04), "length of the erected anterior part of the dorsal fin / length from the adipose fin to the caudal fin base" ratio (DFAe/PAdC: 1.11-1.32 vs. 0.96-1.16) and by having a smaller "lower jaw width / upper jaw width" ratio (LJW/UJW: 0.33-0.44 vs. 0.45-0.55). With the full size range (100- 290 mm) of Lake Brienz specimens,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="99">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="C. brienzii" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="99">C. brienzii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having a larger "length of the depressed anterior part of the dorsal fin / lower jaw width" ratio (DFAd/LJW: 9.84-14.82 vs. 6.05-8.91), "dorsal head length / lower jaw length" ratio (DHL/LJ: 1.84-2.22 vs. 1.63-1.82), "head depth / lower jaw width" ratio (HD/LJW: 6.72-9.39 vs. 5.23-6.66), "head length / lower jaw length" ratio (HL/LJ: 2.54-2.96 vs. 2.19-2.47) and a smaller "length of the pectoral fin 2 / length of the depressed anterior part of the dorsal fin" ratio (PecF2/DFAd: 0.74-0.85 vs. 0.85-1.03) (Tables
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Morphological and meristic data of C. alpinus Fatio 1885 from lakes Thun and Brienz, MHNG- 717.045 lectotype from Lake Thun; non-type material N = 21 from Lake Thun and N = 9 from Lake Brienz." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9669BA508A306ED99671945EA953E3E6" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" tableUuid="9669BA508A306ED99671945EA953E3E6">4</tableCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="T7" captionText="Table 7. Morphological and meristic data of C. brienzii from Lake Brienz, Switzerland, NMBE- 1077126, female, holotype; paratypes N = 12. For females and for both sexes the range and the mean include the holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3F09C0D4D50120FF0D8282FFA926D77B" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" tableUuid="3F09C0D4D50120FF0D8282FFA926D77B">7</tableCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 11" captionStartId="T11" captionText="Table 11. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of either head or body characters (see Table 1) alone or combined, used for pair-wise comparisons of all contemporary specimens from the four whitefish species of Lake Brienz. For some species comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-l); the respective characters that were excluded are listed at the end of the table. Only external characters were used for the LDA comparisons, since internal characters (gill raker and gill arch length) cannot be measured on live specimens, and are thus not informative to assign specimens to species in the field. Due to large size differences between the species the LDA ratios were calculated with three different datasets; once each with individuals larger or smaller than 163.5 mm standard length and once with the full size ranges of all species. For the multi-species comparisons, only the comparisons that yielded distinguishing ratios are shown. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i. e., the smaller the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (for the pairwise species comparisons not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with that of the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1938BA3F30891D955E117634DFF76717" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" tableUuid="1938BA3F30891D955E117634DFF76717">11</tableCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="99">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="99">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1885" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus alpinus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="99">Coregonus alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
-
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus profundus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="profundus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="99">Coregonus profundus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="99">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1885" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus alpinus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="99">Coregonus alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Thun differs from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. profundus" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="profundus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="99">C. profundus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having shorter pectoral fins (pectoral fin 1 length: 13.6-18.7% SL, mean = 16.2 vs. 16.6-21% SL, mean = 18.4; pectoral fin 2 length: 15.3-19.7% HL, mean = 17 vs. 17.7-23.2% SL, mean = 20.2), a deeper caudal peduncle (7.6-8.9% SL, mean = 8.2 vs. 6.5-7.9% SL, mean = 7.3), a shorter head (12.6-15.6% SL, mean = 14.2 vs. 15.5- 18.4% SL, mean = 16.4) and longer gill rakers (middle gill raker length: 9.3-15.2% HL, mean = 11.3 vs. 7.6-11.7% HL, mean = 9.2; longest gill raker length: 10.6-15.2% HL, mean = 12.3 vs. 7.8-12.4% HL, mean = 10.1). Based on ratios
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="99">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. profundus" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="profundus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="99">C. profundus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having a larger "caudal peduncle depth / dorsal head length" ratio (CD/DHL: 0.54-0.62 vs. 0.4-0.49) (Tables
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Morphological and meristic data of C. alpinus Fatio 1885 from lakes Thun and Brienz, MHNG- 717.045 lectotype from Lake Thun; non-type material N = 21 from Lake Thun and N = 9 from Lake Brienz." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9669BA508A306ED99671945EA953E3E6" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" tableUuid="9669BA508A306ED99671945EA953E3E6">4</tableCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 8" captionStartId="T8" captionText="Table 8. Morphological and meristic data of C. profundus from Lake Thun, NMBE- 1077208, male, holotype; paratypes N = 27. For ranges of males and for both sexes, the total range and mean include the holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/106D69D79FEC92DADECA69DE36ACE593" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" tableUuid="106D69D79FEC92DADECA69DE36ACE593">8</tableCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 10" captionStartId="T10" captionText="Table 10. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of either head or body characters (see Table 1) alone or combined, used for pair-wise comparisons of all contemporary specimens from the six whitefish species of Lake Thun. For some comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-d); the respective characters that were excluded are listed at the end of the table. Only external characters were used for the LDA comparisons, since internal characters (gill raker and gill arch length) cannot be measured on live specimens, and are thus not informative to assign specimens to species in the field. Additionally, species were combined to find first- and second-best ratios that distinguish one species or a combination of species vs. all other species. For multi-species comparisons, only the comparisons that yielded distinguishing ratios are shown. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i. e., the smaller δ the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (for the pairwise species comparisons not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1221F02E5B903E9544AEB92AE83A0152" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" tableUuid="1221F02E5B903E9544AEB92AE83A0152">10</tableCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="99">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="99">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1885" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus alpinus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="99">Coregonus alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
-
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus acrinasus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acrinasus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="99">Coregonus acrinasus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="99">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1885" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus alpinus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="99">Coregonus alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can further be differentiated from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. acrinasus" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="acrinasus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="99">C. acrinasus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having a shorter lower jaw (36.6-41.4% HL, mean = 38.6 vs. 38.6-47% HL, mean = 40.9). Based on ratios
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="99">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. acrinasus" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="acrinasus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="99">C. acrinasus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having a larger "caudal fin length / maxilla length" ratio (CF/M: 5.55-6.55 vs. 4.4-5.57) (Tables
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Morphological and meristic data of C. alpinus Fatio 1885 from lakes Thun and Brienz, MHNG- 717.045 lectotype from Lake Thun; non-type material N = 21 from Lake Thun and N = 9 from Lake Brienz." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9669BA508A306ED99671945EA953E3E6" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" tableUuid="9669BA508A306ED99671945EA953E3E6">4</tableCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 9" captionStartId="T9" captionText="Table 9. Morphological and meristic data of C. acrinasus from Lake Thun, NMBE- 1077271, male, holotype; paratypes N = 25. For males and for both sexes, the range and mean include the holotype." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/630F49D117E098C3FF92B828F712F7B9" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" tableUuid="630F49D117E098C3FF92B828F712F7B9">9</tableCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 10" captionStartId="T10" captionText="Table 10. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of either head or body characters (see Table 1) alone or combined, used for pair-wise comparisons of all contemporary specimens from the six whitefish species of Lake Thun. For some comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-d); the respective characters that were excluded are listed at the end of the table. Only external characters were used for the LDA comparisons, since internal characters (gill raker and gill arch length) cannot be measured on live specimens, and are thus not informative to assign specimens to species in the field. Additionally, species were combined to find first- and second-best ratios that distinguish one species or a combination of species vs. all other species. For multi-species comparisons, only the comparisons that yielded distinguishing ratios are shown. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i. e., the smaller δ the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (for the pairwise species comparisons not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1221F02E5B903E9544AEB92AE83A0152" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" tableUuid="1221F02E5B903E9544AEB92AE83A0152">10</tableCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="99">Description.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="99">
|
|
General appearance is shown in Figure 5. Morphological and meristic characters of both sexes can be found in Table
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Morphological and meristic data of C. alpinus Fatio 1885 from lakes Thun and Brienz, MHNG- 717.045 lectotype from Lake Thun; non-type material N = 21 from Lake Thun and N = 9 from Lake Brienz." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9669BA508A306ED99671945EA953E3E6" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" tableUuid="9669BA508A306ED99671945EA953E3E6">4</tableCitation>
|
|
and Suppl. material 1: Table S6 and first- and second-best ratios for both sexes combined can be found in Tables
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 10" captionStartId="T10" captionText="Table 10. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of either head or body characters (see Table 1) alone or combined, used for pair-wise comparisons of all contemporary specimens from the six whitefish species of Lake Thun. For some comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-d); the respective characters that were excluded are listed at the end of the table. Only external characters were used for the LDA comparisons, since internal characters (gill raker and gill arch length) cannot be measured on live specimens, and are thus not informative to assign specimens to species in the field. Additionally, species were combined to find first- and second-best ratios that distinguish one species or a combination of species vs. all other species. For multi-species comparisons, only the comparisons that yielded distinguishing ratios are shown. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i. e., the smaller δ the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (for the pairwise species comparisons not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1221F02E5B903E9544AEB92AE83A0152" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" tableUuid="1221F02E5B903E9544AEB92AE83A0152">10</tableCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 11" captionStartId="T11" captionText="Table 11. The first- and second-best ratios retrieved from the LDA ratio extractor of either head or body characters (see Table 1) alone or combined, used for pair-wise comparisons of all contemporary specimens from the four whitefish species of Lake Brienz. For some species comparisons only a subset of characters could be used (a-l); the respective characters that were excluded are listed at the end of the table. Only external characters were used for the LDA comparisons, since internal characters (gill raker and gill arch length) cannot be measured on live specimens, and are thus not informative to assign specimens to species in the field. Due to large size differences between the species the LDA ratios were calculated with three different datasets; once each with individuals larger or smaller than 163.5 mm standard length and once with the full size ranges of all species. For the multi-species comparisons, only the comparisons that yielded distinguishing ratios are shown. δ is a measure of how good shape discriminates in comparison to size (i. e., the smaller the less allometry). Ratios marked with an asterisk * have very little (for the pairwise species comparisons not more than one specimen of one species overlaps with that of the other species) or no overlap and were thus eligible for use in the species key and the diagnoses." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1938BA3F30891D955E117634DFF76717" pageId="20" pageNumber="99" tableUuid="1938BA3F30891D955E117634DFF76717">11</tableCitation>
|
|
. The description is valid for both sexes and both lakes; differences between the populations of lakes Thun and Brienz are mentioned.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="20" pageNumber="99">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="99">Shape</emphasis>
|
|
: Generally deep bodied with greatest body depth anterior of the dorsal fin. Dorsal profile strongly arched compared to ventral profile such that the dorsal profile from the tip of snout to the anterior origin of dorsal fin is moderate to strongly convex. Ventral profile slightly arched such that almost straight or slightly convex from the
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="100" start="start">interorbital</pageBreakToken>
|
|
area to the pelvic fin origin. Head short. Mouth thin (i.e., width of upper and lower jaw), short and sub-terminal. Rostral plate pronounced and almost equally wide as deep resulting in an almost square shape. Tip of the snout often blunt. Small eye, which is less pronounced in specimens from Lake Brienz. Eye-socket thick and triangular (i.e., sickle-shaped). Pectoral fin moderately tapered. Dorsal fin long with the anterior unbranched ray of the erected dorsal fin approx. 60-70° angle to body axis and only slightly bent posteriorly at the end of the ray. Caudal peduncle stout and short with the caudal fin forked and sometimess lightly asymmetrical with either the ventral or dorsal part being longer. Unbranched ray of anal fin slightly bent posteriorly. Anal fin longest anteriorly and progressively shortening posteriorly with the outer margin of the anal fin mostly straight and only rarely slightly concave.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="100">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="100">Meristics</emphasis>
|
|
: Few short gill rakers, which are shorter for specimens from Lake Brienz.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="100">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="100">Colour</emphasis>
|
|
: Pigmentation of fins and body over all strong in live specimens. In specimens from Lake Thun the pectoral fin is moderately to strongly pigmented. Dorsal, adipose, pelvic, anal and caudal fins are strongly pigmented. In specimens from Lake Brienz all fins are less pigmented. The pectoral fin is sometimes yellowish and ranges from translucent to moderately pigmented at the median to distal parts of the fin. Dorsal, adipose, pelvic, anal, and caudal fins are moderately pigmented. In both lakes fish have a silvery appearance along the flanks with few to many pigmented small dots on the scales along the flank and the dorsum (as can be found for the species of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="21" pageNumber="100" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="100">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="21" pageNumber="100" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="100">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="C. brienzii" pageId="21" pageNumber="100" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="100">C. brienzii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
). The distribution of the dots is bound to the scale patterning such that the dots are found at the edge of the scales or at the boundary point of two scales. Dorsally above the lateral line the silvery appearance changes to a light (e.g., RGB (135, 236, 179)) or darker greenish blue colour (e.g., RGB (7,168,125)). The dorsal part of the head of specimens of Lake Brienz is moderately pigmented, whereas that of specimens from Lake Thun is strongly pigmented. The snout around the nostrils is moderately (Lake Brienz) to strongly (Lake Thun) pigmented. Specimens in Lake Brienz have a gap of very weak pigmentation posteriorly of the nostrils up to the height of the middle of the eyes. The pre-operculum and operculum are silvery with one black dot on the lower margin of the pre-operculum. In some specimens of Lake Thun, the pre-operculum and operculum has some pigmented dots, similar to those found on the scales and extending also to the dorsal part of the head. For a comparison to the main colouration found in the other species see Suppl. material 1: Figure S8. Preserved specimens are pale in colouration with similar pigmentation as described for live specimens. The silvery, translucent, not coloured or unpigmented parts of the body become brown-yellowish (e.g., RGB (239, 210, 40)), whereas the pigmented parts are conserved and the coloured parts (dorsally above the lateral line) become brownish (e.g., RGB (186, 140, 100)).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="21" pageNumber="100" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="100">Distribution and notes on biology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="21" pageNumber="100">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1885" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus alpinus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="100">Coregonus alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is found in the lakes Thun (
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="46.666668">46°40'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="7.7666664">7°46'E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
) and Brienz (
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="46.716667">46°43'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="7.95">7°57'E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
) that are connected through the river Aare at Interlaken.
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1885" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus alpinus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="100">Coregonus alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
feeds predominantly on benthic prey and parts
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="101" start="start">of</pageBreakToken>
|
|
the year on zooplankton (stomach content for Lake Brienz:
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Maurer, V" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" refId="B42" refString="Maurer, V, Guthruf, K, 2005. Brienzerseefelchen - Magenanalysen - Schlussbericht. Bericht i.A. Fischereiinspektorat des Kantons Bern. HYDRA: 1-18." title="Brienzerseefelchen - Magenanalysen - Schlussbericht. Bericht i. A. Fischereiinspektorat des Kantons Bern. HYDRA: 1 - 18." year="2005">Maurer and Guthruf 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" author="Mueller, R" journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Sciences" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" pagination="271 - 288" refId="B43" refString="Mueller, R, Breitenstein, M, Bia, MM, Rellstab, C, Kirchhofer, A, 2007. Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz. Aquatic Sciences 69: 271 - 288, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" title="Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" volume="69" year="2007">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. 2007
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; isotopic signature for both lakes:
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Selz, OM" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitschrift fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" refId="B56" refString="Selz, OM, 2008. Building a link between dN and dC stable isotopes signatures and the ecological phenotypic forms of Whitefish (Coregonuslaveratus (L.)) in 4 Swiss Lakes. B.Sc. Thesis: University of Bern, Bern." title="Building a link between dN and dC stable isotopes signatures and the ecological phenotypic forms of Whitefish (Coregonuslaveratus (L. )) in 4 Swiss Lakes. B. Sc. Thesis: University of Bern, Bern." year="2008">Selz 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Hudson, AG" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" refId="B25" refString="Hudson, AG, 2011. Population genomics and ecology of parallel adaptive radiations: the Alpine lake whitefish. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." title="Population genomics and ecology of parallel adaptive radiations: the Alpine lake whitefish. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." year="2011">Hudson 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Ingram, T" journalOrPublisher="Advances in Limnology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" refId="B30" refString="Ingram, T, Hudson, AG, Vonlanthen, P, Seehausen, O, 2012. Does water depth or diet divergence predict progress towards ecological speciation in whitefish radiations? Evolutionary Ecology Research 14: 487-502." title="Does water depth or diet divergence predict progress towards ecological speciation in whitefish radiations? Evolutionary Ecology Research 14: 487 - 502." year="2012">Ingram et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and has a rapid growth rate (Lake Brienz:
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" author="Mueller, R" journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Sciences" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" pagination="271 - 288" refId="B43" refString="Mueller, R, Breitenstein, M, Bia, MM, Rellstab, C, Kirchhofer, A, 2007. Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz. Aquatic Sciences 69: 271 - 288, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" title="Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" volume="69" year="2007">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. 2007
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; both lakes:
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kirchhofer, A" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="61 - 70" refId="B35" refString="Kirchhofer, A, 1995. Growth characteristics of coregonid populations in three lakes with different trophic states and decreasing nutrient concentrations. Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology 46: 61 - 70" title="Growth characteristics of coregonid populations in three lakes with different trophic states and decreasing nutrient concentrations." volume="46" year="1995">Kirchhofer 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Bittner et al. unpublished). It has to be noted that the stomach content and isotopic work did not distinguish between all species in lakes Thun or Brienz and thus in some cases lumped different species together into few groups. The stomach content work by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Maurer, V" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" refId="B42" refString="Maurer, V, Guthruf, K, 2005. Brienzerseefelchen - Magenanalysen - Schlussbericht. Bericht i.A. Fischereiinspektorat des Kantons Bern. HYDRA: 1-18." title="Brienzerseefelchen - Magenanalysen - Schlussbericht. Bericht i. A. Fischereiinspektorat des Kantons Bern. HYDRA: 1 - 18." year="2005">Maurer and Guthruf (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" author="Mueller, R" journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Sciences" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" pagination="271 - 288" refId="B43" refString="Mueller, R, Breitenstein, M, Bia, MM, Rellstab, C, Kirchhofer, A, 2007. Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz. Aquatic Sciences 69: 271 - 288, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" title="Bottom-up control of whitefish populations in ultra- oligotrophic Lake Brienz." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-007-0874-5" volume="69" year="2007">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. (2007)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
differentiated between "small-type" and "large-type" whitefish based on cohort-specific threshold values for length-at-age. Based on morphology and ecology
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kirchhofer, A" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="61 - 70" refId="B35" refString="Kirchhofer, A, 1995. Growth characteristics of coregonid populations in three lakes with different trophic states and decreasing nutrient concentrations. Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie Special Issues Advances in Limnology 46: 61 - 70" title="Growth characteristics of coregonid populations in three lakes with different trophic states and decreasing nutrient concentrations." volume="46" year="1995">Kirchhofer (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
differentiated in Lake Thun between "Albock" (comprising most likely of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="22" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="22" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. acrinasus" pageId="22" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="acrinasus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">C. acrinasus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), "Brienzlig" (comprising most likely of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="22" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="22" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and "Kropfer" (
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. profundus" pageId="22" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="profundus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">C. profundus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and in Lake Brienz between "Felchen" (comprising most likely of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="22" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="22" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="C. brienzii" pageId="22" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">C. brienzii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and "Brienzlig" and "Winter-Brienzlig" (comprising of summer- and winter-spawning specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="22" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
). Finally,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Selz, OM" journalOrPublisher="Schweizerische Zeitschrift fuer Hydrologie" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" refId="B56" refString="Selz, OM, 2008. Building a link between dN and dC stable isotopes signatures and the ecological phenotypic forms of Whitefish (Coregonuslaveratus (L.)) in 4 Swiss Lakes. B.Sc. Thesis: University of Bern, Bern." title="Building a link between dN and dC stable isotopes signatures and the ecological phenotypic forms of Whitefish (Coregonuslaveratus (L. )) in 4 Swiss Lakes. B. Sc. Thesis: University of Bern, Bern." year="2008">Selz (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Hudson, AG" journalOrPublisher="University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" refId="B25" refString="Hudson, AG, 2011. Population genomics and ecology of parallel adaptive radiations: the Alpine lake whitefish. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." title="Population genomics and ecology of parallel adaptive radiations: the Alpine lake whitefish. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." year="2011">Hudson (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Ingram, T" journalOrPublisher="Advances in Limnology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" refId="B30" refString="Ingram, T, Hudson, AG, Vonlanthen, P, Seehausen, O, 2012. Does water depth or diet divergence predict progress towards ecological speciation in whitefish radiations? Evolutionary Ecology Research 14: 487-502." title="Does water depth or diet divergence predict progress towards ecological speciation in whitefish radiations? Evolutionary Ecology Research 14: 487 - 502." year="2012">Ingram et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
did not yet differentiate between
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="22" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="22" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in Lake Thun, which were most likely both grouped under
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C." pageId="22" pageNumber="101" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">C.</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
"Balchen". The gill raker number and length of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="22" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(few and short gill rakers) suggests, based on the functional properties of the number of gill rakers experimentally tested with specimens of this species and other whitefish species from lakes Thun and Lucerne (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12063" author="Lundsgaard-Hansen, B" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" pagination="483 - 498" refId="B41" refString="Lundsgaard-Hansen, B, Matthews, B, Vonlanthen, P, Taverna, A, Seehausen, O, 2013. Adaptive plasticity and genetic divergence in feeding efficiency during parallel adaptive radiation of whitefish (Coregonus spp.). Journal of Evolutionary Biology 26: 483 - 498, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12063" title="Adaptive plasticity and genetic divergence in feeding efficiency during parallel adaptive radiation of whitefish (Coregonus spp.)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12063" volume="26" year="2013">Lundsgaard-Hansen et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12166" author="Roesch, C" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" pagination="1578 - 1587" refId="B50" refString="Roesch, C, Lundsgaard-Hansen, B, Vonlanthen, P, Taverna, A, Seehausen, O, 2013. Experimental evidence for trait utility of gill raker number in adaptive radiation of a north temperate fish. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 26: 1578 - 1587, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12166" title="Experimental evidence for trait utility of gill raker number in adaptive radiation of a north temperate fish." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12166" volume="26" year="2013">Roesch et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), that
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="22" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
feeds more on benthic prey and less on zooplankton. However, this assumption needs to be verified with stomach content analysis that distinguish between the different species within a lake.The relative species abundances in the pelagic and benthic habitat from a habitat-stratified random sampling of Lake Thun (mid-October 2013:
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Vonlanthen, P" journalOrPublisher="Projet Lac, Eawag, Kastanien- baum" pageId="56" pageNumber="135" refId="B63" refString="Vonlanthen, P, Periat, G, Doenz, C, Hellmann, J, Alexander, TJ, Seehausen, O, 2015. Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischpopulation im Thunersee. Projet Lac, Eawag, Kastanien- baum" title="Artenvielfalt und Zusammensetzung der Fischpopulation im Thunersee." year="2015">Vonlanthen et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and Brienz (mid-September 2011: Vonlanthen et al. 2013) shows, that
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="22" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can only be found in shallow water in the benthic habitat (first 15 m;
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">N</emphasis>
|
|
= 1 each for lakes Thun and Brienz) and is completely absent from the pelagic habitat in Lake Thun, while in Lake Brienz it can be also found in the very shallow waters (approx. first 5 m;
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">N</emphasis>
|
|
= 2) of the pelagic habitat (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" author="Doenz, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B15" refString="Doenz, CJ, Bittner, D, Vonlanthen, P, Wagner, CE, Seehausen, O, 2018. Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish. Ecology and Evolution 2018: 1 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" title="Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" volume="2018" year="2018">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dönz">Doenz</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. 2018
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). It is noteworthy that the habitat-stratified random sampling data for both lakes only covers a short period of time (one month in late summer) and it is thus not clear how the species are distributed spatially throughout the rest of the year. In Lake Thun
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="22" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
resembles phenotypically
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="22" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and to some extent
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. acrinasus" pageId="22" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="acrinasus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">C. acrinasus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The average size (total length) at 3 years of age for specimens in this study is 321
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
20 mm (mean and standard deviation, N = 8) and 273 + 14 mm (N = 4) for lakes Thun and Brienz respectively (Suppl. material 1: Figures S4-S6). The average size at 3 years of age for the specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="22" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Lake Thun from this study are similar to those for the years 1969-1970 (333.8
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
mm,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">N</emphasis>
|
|
= 13) and 2004-2005 (342.8
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
21 mm,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">N</emphasis>
|
|
= 14) (Bittner et al. unpublished; Vonlanthen et al. unpublished). In Lake Thun the size at 3 years of age of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="22" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is similar to that of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="22" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, larger than that of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. acrinasus" pageId="22" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="acrinasus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">C. acrinasus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and considerably larger than that of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="22" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="22" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. profundus" pageId="22" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="profundus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">C. profundus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Suppl. material 1: Figure S6). In Lake Brienz the size at 3 years of age of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="22" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is larger than that of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="22" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="C. brienzii" pageId="22" pageNumber="101" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="101">C. brienzii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="102" start="start">considerably</pageBreakToken>
|
|
larger than that of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. albellus" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="albellus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">C. albellus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Suppl. material 1: Figure S6). However, the size-at-age comparisons should be treated with some caution since the sample size for
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is rather small.
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1885" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus alpinus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">Coregonus alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has a short spawning season in late December and spawns mostly in very shallow water (1-2 m) and to a lesser extent down to 10 m and very seldom down to 30 m or more (Suppl. material 1: Figure S3;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Bittner, D" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, Oxford" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B12" refString="Bittner, D, 2009. Gonad deformations in whitefish (Coregonus spp.) from Lake Thun, Switzerland - A population genetic and transcriptomic approach. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." title="Gonad deformations in whitefish (Coregonus spp.) from Lake Thun, Switzerland - A population genetic and transcriptomic approach. PhD Thesis, University of Bern, Bern." year="2009">Bittner 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" author="Doenz, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B15" refString="Doenz, CJ, Bittner, D, Vonlanthen, P, Wagner, CE, Seehausen, O, 2018. Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish. Ecology and Evolution 2018: 1 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" title="Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" volume="2018" year="2018">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dönz">Doenz</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. 2018
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1885" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus alpinus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">Coregonus alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
spawns earlier in Lake Brienz than in Lake Thun (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="V, 2 partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B19" refString="Fatio, V, 1890. Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol. V, 2partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" title="Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" year="1890">Fatio 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" author="Doenz, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B15" refString="Doenz, CJ, Bittner, D, Vonlanthen, P, Wagner, CE, Seehausen, O, 2018. Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish. Ecology and Evolution 2018: 1 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" title="Rapid buildup of sympatric species diversity in Alpine whitefish." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4375" volume="2018" year="2018">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dönz">Doenz</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. 2018
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The spawning season and depth of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
overlaps largely with that of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. acrinasus" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="acrinasus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">C. acrinasus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. steinmanni" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="steinmanni">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">C. steinmanni</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in Lake Thun and with that of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fatioi" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="fatioi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">C. fatioi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selz, Doenz, Vonlanthen & Seehausen" authorityYear="2020" lsidName="C. brienzii" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="brienzii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">C. brienzii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in Lake Brienz.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="102">
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kottelat, M" journalOrPublisher="Biologia, Bratislava, Section Zoology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 271" refId="B37" refString="Kottelat, M, 1997. European freshwater fishes. A heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava, Section Zoology 52: 1 - 271" title="European freshwater fishes. A heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation." volume="52" year="1997">Kottelat (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
has designated a lectotype as
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
which is incongruent with his description of the species (with the common name "Kropfer":
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kottelat, M" journalOrPublisher="Biologia, Bratislava, Section Zoology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 271" refId="B37" refString="Kottelat, M, 1997. European freshwater fishes. A heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava, Section Zoology 52: 1 - 271" title="European freshwater fishes. A heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation." volume="52" year="1997">Kottelat (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kottelat, M" journalOrPublisher="Kottelat, Cornol, and Freyhof, Berlin" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" refId="B38" refString="Kottelat, M, Freyhof, J, 2007. Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes. Kottelat, Cornol, and Freyhof, Berlin" title="Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes." year="2007">Kottelat and Freyhof (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B18" refString="Fatio, V, 1885. Les coregones de la Suisse (feras diverses) classification et conditions de frai. Recueil Zoologie Suisse 1, 2: 649-665. [22, 23 pls]" title="Les coregones de la Suisse (feras diverses) classification et conditions de frai. Recueil Zoologie Suisse 1, 2: 649 - 665. [22, 23 pls]" year="1885">Fatio (1885</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="V, 2 partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B19" refString="Fatio, V, 1890. Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol. V, 2partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" title="Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" year="1890">1890</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) was unaware of this species (the "Kropfer") as it is not considered in his compendium of the Swiss fauna (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="V, 2 partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B19" refString="Fatio, V, 1890. Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol. V, 2partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" title="Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" year="1890">Fatio 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) nor in his earlier work on the Swiss whitefish (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B18" refString="Fatio, V, 1885. Les coregones de la Suisse (feras diverses) classification et conditions de frai. Recueil Zoologie Suisse 1, 2: 649-665. [22, 23 pls]" title="Les coregones de la Suisse (feras diverses) classification et conditions de frai. Recueil Zoologie Suisse 1, 2: 649 - 665. [22, 23 pls]" year="1885">Fatio 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The lectotype designated by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kottelat, M" journalOrPublisher="Biologia, Bratislava, Section Zoology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 271" refId="B37" refString="Kottelat, M, 1997. European freshwater fishes. A heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava, Section Zoology 52: 1 - 271" title="European freshwater fishes. A heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation." volume="52" year="1997">Kottelat (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
to
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">C. alpinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
clearly and correctly resembles the description given by Fatio (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B18" refString="Fatio, V, 1885. Les coregones de la Suisse (feras diverses) classification et conditions de frai. Recueil Zoologie Suisse 1, 2: 649-665. [22, 23 pls]" title="Les coregones de la Suisse (feras diverses) classification et conditions de frai. Recueil Zoologie Suisse 1, 2: 649 - 665. [22, 23 pls]" year="1885">Fatio 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="V, 2 partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B19" refString="Fatio, V, 1890. Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol. V, 2partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" title="Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" year="1890">1890</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) for the species-group
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1885" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus schinzii subsp. alpinus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="schinzii" subSpecies="alpinus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">Coregonus schinzii alpinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fatio, 1885) and later
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fatio" authorityYear="1890" class="Actinopterygii" family="Salmonidae" genus="Coregonus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coregonus schinzii subsp. helveticus" order="Salmoniformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="schinzii" subSpecies="helveticus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">Coregonus schinzii helveticus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fatio, 1890), known then and today by its local name as "Balchen".
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="V, 2 partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B19" refString="Fatio, V, 1890. Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol. V, 2partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" title="Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" year="1890">Fatio (1890)</bibRefCitation>
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describes the "Balchen"-type whitefish as a relatively large whitefish,with few and short gillrakers, a short and stout head with a thick and squared snout, mouth inferior and often subterminal especially for specimens from Lake Thun, a more or less small eye, caudal peduncle short and stout, long pectoral fin, all fins more or less strongly pigmented, colour of live specimens generally olive or grey-olive with greenish or blueish reflections on the back, head more or less strongly pigmented, black pigmented dots more or less abundant on the dorsum, and on the margins of the scales, spawning season in winter (November-December) and spawning depth rather shallow at the shoreline over boulders or stones (
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<bibRefCitation author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B18" refString="Fatio, V, 1885. Les coregones de la Suisse (feras diverses) classification et conditions de frai. Recueil Zoologie Suisse 1, 2: 649-665. [22, 23 pls]" title="Les coregones de la Suisse (feras diverses) classification et conditions de frai. Recueil Zoologie Suisse 1, 2: 649 - 665. [22, 23 pls]" year="1885">Fatio 1885</bibRefCitation>
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: Page 663, Tables
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological characters, their acronyms and a brief description of each character." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/46802498C53A6F3719C454BCAAFF562F" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" tableUuid="46802498C53A6F3719C454BCAAFF562F">1</tableCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Meristic characters, their acronyms and a brief description of each character." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/51024492F599F9F2D0E70CE514C8517E" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" tableUuid="51024492F599F9F2D0E70CE514C8517E">2</tableCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" author="Fatio, V" journalOrPublisher="V, 2 partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel" pageId="53" pageNumber="132" refId="B19" refString="Fatio, V, 1890. Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol. V, 2partie). In: Georg H (Ed.) Genf und Basel, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" title="Faune des Vertebres de la Suisse (Vol." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.124573" year="1890">Fatio 1890</bibRefCitation>
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: Pages 222-234). This description is very clearly and accurately that of a "Balchen", and very different from "Kropfer". We thus identify
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="alpinus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">C. alpinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as the species from lakes Thun and Brienz known under the common name "Balchen". The description of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. alpinus" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="alpinus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">C. alpinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<bibRefCitation author="Kottelat, M" journalOrPublisher="Biologia, Bratislava, Section Zoology" pageId="54" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 271" refId="B37" refString="Kottelat, M, 1997. European freshwater fishes. A heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava, Section Zoology 52: 1 - 271" title="European freshwater fishes. A heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation." volume="52" year="1997">Kottelat (1997)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Kottelat, M" journalOrPublisher="Kottelat, Cornol, and Freyhof, Berlin" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" refId="B38" refString="Kottelat, M, Freyhof, J, 2007. Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes. Kottelat, Cornol, and Freyhof, Berlin" title="Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes." year="2007">Kottelat and Freyhof (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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and the photograph in
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<bibRefCitation author="Kottelat, M" journalOrPublisher="Kottelat, Cornol, and Freyhof, Berlin" pageId="55" pageNumber="134" refId="B38" refString="Kottelat, M, Freyhof, J, 2007. Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes. Kottelat, Cornol, and Freyhof, Berlin" title="Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes." year="2007">Kottelat and Freyhof (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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does not describe and depict "Balchen" but
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. profundus" pageId="23" pageNumber="102" rank="species" species="profundus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="102">C. profundus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the species from Lake Thun known by the common name "Kropfer".
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="102" type="common name">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="102">Common name.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="102">Balchen.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |