496 lines
49 KiB
XML
496 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297097" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316535" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f9373c90-73c5-4ee4-b0f8-4c371f527d91" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905209323" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="98BA28C1BB75B4406AA691C7E65F637E" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Muridae.1189-1531.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Rattus pyctoris Hodgson 1845" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="A2267A57FF8A65DA07E1D2E970F9422A" lastPageNumber="1482" masterDocId="A2267A57FF8A65DA07E1D2E970F9422A" masterDocTitle="Order Rodentia - Family Muridae" masterLastPageNumber="1531" masterPageNumber="1189" pageNumber="1482" updateTime="1716781534040" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="655A5D2FF823D5797A18EBBDA22AD5F6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A18B541481627920B80724FA1F1701AF">
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<mods:title id="3C309FEDAF86AE7E1E7F514F68B1D5AE">Order Rodentia - Family Muridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A193E66445CE6DA81DACFE147182C83E">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="7188CAB831045EB4F5A4E694CA3C7D78" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B212927D842E34D7335A190197272C38">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1ABD5824F1E9DED6F6064BBA68639D78">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="50B8C3C7B009A153F94A78BDCC9CCEB8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="DF245990292F6AD65F36E767421C5587">2005</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="EAB858160A1B7BE0D523A396A948C40A">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="E305E91A4131F76DB186D2EB04A5D722">
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<mods:placeTerm id="A29B4A3BBD5DEBA28C226E1C0E1057F6">Baltimore</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo id="ECD54C812D678820BEA42AEA177FF9FE">
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<mods:title id="ADED0843E4F812BC875298A649B16A06">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="C5E420AA3703EB74F86CFE9D575BE672">
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<mods:extent id="11B036F80028A195F4353CAE4D0B4FB6" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="A95D4FE630C1A845ACFCF4814EFFB06D">1189</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="B4FF17D1A3910CE8FFAAD03B27981491">1531</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="CDA724887351AE028698D18E824227B3">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9AC98DDD4E97D5A071CA328C8FE77A37" type="ISBN">0-8018-8221-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3FB27868FECFC66408BE879A9B4B7DEE" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316535</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="98BA28C1BB75B4406AA691C7E65F637E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231540053" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:98BA28C1BB75B4406AA691C7E65F637E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/98BA28C1BB75B4406AA691C7E65F637E" lastPageNumber="1482" pageNumber="1482" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=13001774">
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<subSubSection id="6BA535073B56ECB019CC20D4AE2D0536" pageNumber="1482" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C8F5CCAD3FDE14C9241CBA5E217DABD1" pageNumber="1482">
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||
<taxonomicName id="67E8268C3493DA7545FC7F4DC002EB19" ID-CoL="4RM6S" authority="Hodgson 1845" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyctoris">
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<emphasis id="BFCE9B8DC0E0C4CB4403C05A325491C9" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">Rattus pyctoris</emphasis>
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Hodgson 1845
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="CB41E1384D96BB4617AF8DE81902E06B" pageNumber="1482" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="D9710A91D013F182F5D6A29F02DFC94B" pageNumber="1482">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="5B270D67B21D89FD82FB0B1EF2345A54" author="Hodgson" authority="Hodgson 1845" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" journal="Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="267" pageNumber="1482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyctoris" title="Rattus pyctoris" volume="15" year="1845">
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||
<taxonomicName id="A7A61A4F9BF8E97222DFA7908EA4B626" ID-CoL="4RM6S" authority="Hodgson 1845" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyctoris">
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||
<emphasis id="0A31C1422364EAE72B1D7662DF78781B" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">Rattus pyctoris</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="D259131BC9E2EF00E921252A7807EFD3" author="Hodgson, B. H." refId="ref154508" refString="Hodgson, B. H. 1845. On the rats, mice, and shrews of the central region of Nepal. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, [ser. 1], 15: 266 - 270." year="1845">Hodgson 1845</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<bibCitation id="53B03CF69E11C41113F8ACD9E2178448" author="Hodgson" journal="Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1" pageNumber="1482" pagination="267" title="Rattus pyctoris" volume="15" year="1845">Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1, 15: 267</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="372628A855AF074791348A4A0EBFDB2C" pageNumber="1482" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="EE269CC31FFF660A4745A684FE4038D8" pageNumber="1482">
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<emphasis id="20E40269CC4C1A476D308AC7D613CCA3" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1482">Type Locality:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="FEC51D0537A36EE233DD6426945A25DD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867324884" country="Nepal" pageNumber="1482">
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<collectingCountry id="3777C9895C6E3FEA719E34CF6520F02B" name="Nepal">Nepal</collectingCountry>
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||
.
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</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="51D540DDB87BE4E80C61DD5A41BCB5DC" pageNumber="1482" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="F443C55BDC4F9D3653602F5107B510CD" pageNumber="1482">
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<emphasis id="1F342CE29BB32B7ABC1256FEB80D27E0" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1482">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="E27B0F6C5BCBDCD9F186E63B687FB0A0" language="eng" pageNumber="1482">Himalayan Rat</vernacularName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="B50B90554E54C9AB492414C263D1CEA1" pageNumber="1482" type="synonym_list">
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||
<paragraph id="76330AF4038EBF0B0D9C8D8CD7DFDDD1" pageNumber="1482">
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||
<emphasis id="67F9ACFE4BB52A2EDDADF41A565BED09" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1482">Synonyms:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="F39FA7921D800CC8BCFBE2404E1BC928" authority="G. M. Allen 1926" authorityName="G. M. Allen" authorityYear="1926" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="celsus">
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<emphasis id="45C204EE649A2EEFC59CFFE5923E3EE3" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">Rattus celsus</emphasis>
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G. M.
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<bibRefCitation id="6F02A3708006A7093115B77DE6792FA8" author="Allen, G. M." refId="ref4774" refString="Allen, G. M. 1926. Rats (genus Rattus) from the Asiatic Expeditions. American Museum Novitates, 217: 16 pp." year="1926">Allen 1926</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="1A4F54B5870EF69C9CFF65AD5E5E17BC" authority="Akhtar 1959" authorityName="Akhtar" authorityYear="1959" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilgitianus">
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<emphasis id="1D983955390ED6E3E36067246FA85D8C" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">Rattus gilgitianus</emphasis>
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Akhtar 1959
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="D23562BDC255A051093675E49B909C79" authority="Biswas and Khajuria 1955" authorityName="Biswas and Khajuria" authorityYear="1955" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="khumbuensis">
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<emphasis id="792F84C41A9C2E65DD92D2630B5E0489" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">Rattus khumbuensis</emphasis>
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Biswas and Khajuria 1955
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="EE9CA67384ADC49D8F20C1589C5C2710" authority="(Hodgson 1845)" baseAuthorityName="Hodgson" baseAuthorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattoides">
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<emphasis id="3F9695EF37F557294EAB2CE2B15ED2E2" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">Rattus rattoides</emphasis>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="71A221C687C72A4966656E3565EB4001" author="Hodgson, B. H." refId="ref154508" refString="Hodgson, B. H. 1845. On the rats, mice, and shrews of the central region of Nepal. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, [ser. 1], 15: 266 - 270." year="1845">Hodgson 1845</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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<taxonomicName id="DE3696938B3B53279D6E2B283EBCD7BF" authority="(Miller 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shigarus">
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<emphasis id="FACFCFD632F3B4C67FAE365F74296658" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">Rattus shigarus</emphasis>
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||
(Miller 1913)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="29B4DBE65F208D92B7C8F47B56D8BDAF" authority="(Satunin 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Satunin" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turkestanicus">
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||
<emphasis id="F92D346E82038AD376E772A661A7ED6E" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">Rattus turkestanicus</emphasis>
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||
(Satunin 1903)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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<taxonomicName id="6103A378AF76C351CA141DC84A1D672E" authority="(Bonhote 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Bonhote" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1482" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vicerex">
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||
<emphasis id="C3797EB33DEF999363A54BCA06B98D48" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">Rattus vicerex</emphasis>
|
||
(Bonhote 1903)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="81DF29BF042E48D8BB6FD362D87ED285" pageNumber="1482" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="A0D831383D13863BAFF77C15326A3857" pageNumber="1482">
|
||
<emphasis id="2E6A38F44D12D93687E37FB08CBF320F" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1482">Distribution:</emphasis>
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||
Mountains of SE
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<collectingCountry id="FD5763A4F40EDEDD7074BD675DDD4814" name="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="0E5D710D9A178EBB73A18F193F464BA8" name="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
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, E
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<collectingCountry id="4E01AE7B05A26363BAF49C49B55CEE29" name="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="740DA6908A59B65E473E2317A54AC215" name="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="22984F1DD90B0009788ED9F7DC6BAAB5" author="Kucheruk, V. V." refId="ref200533" refString="Kucheruk, V. V. 2000. [Distribution and specific features of synanthropy in Rattus turkestanicus.] Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 79 (4): 495 - 502 (in Russian with English abstract)." year="2000">Kucheruk, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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); EC
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<collectingCountry id="D21DF76CCBC12995AE5926CA14A1DFE8" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
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(NE
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<collectingRegion id="962B0D392C2F5D0CAA5661AEBAF56EC8" country="Iran" name="Kerman">Kerman Province</collectingRegion>
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;
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<collectionCode id="86E5E65BB31906D005CDC1AAF6EC20C8" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
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||
series); N
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<collectingCountry id="53460013E604D94AC8DA2100FBE2865C" name="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="4F64CEEEA574CEA25B99DA7E884BBEC8" author="Hassinger, J. D." refId="ref142425" refString="Hassinger, J. D. 1973. A survey of the mammals of Afghanistan resulting from the 1965 Street Expedition (excluding bats). Fieldiana: Zoology, 60: 1 - 195." year="1973">Hassinger, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F5D3723B1677BEEB0DC112C3778C48A0" author="Niethammer, J. & J. Martens" refId="ref260883" refString="Niethammer, J., and J. Martens. 1975. Die Gattungen Rattus und Maxomys in Afghanistan und Nepal. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 40: 325 - 355." year="1975">Niethammer and Martens, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="7A22862338D43AFFE7F63BD501FC3ACD">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="8CDAAFEF378C6F23089751D8007140D2" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
specimens); N
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CBFA8761CD9220155E98ACFB39FC0884" name="Pakistan">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Akhtar, 1959;
|
||
<collectionCode id="5F339B01FF32CEA25805A5B952EDC0F3" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
material); N
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A07DB963B1382CDBAB8F2E7C4C620F4C" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="903AF7DD72C84B4B6BA6183E1A85A60A" author="Agrawal, V. C." refId="ref2022" refString="Agrawal, V. C. 2000. Taxonomic studies on Indian Muridae and Hystricidae (Mammalia: Rodentia). Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper No. 180, 186 pp." year="2000">Agrawal, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; large series in
|
||
<collectionCode id="95785081161335327207B33D5DE16B80">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="FE3F0216432260861A52EC7FCA129DE9" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectionCode id="C2E797A6846D9C95F23165B374D45D9D" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8072CB563CA0EFFB92B25D1265CA8D54" name="Nepal">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="14C91FB6C8820932B4312B9D4355B67C" author="Ellerman, J. R." refId="ref93118" refString="Ellerman, J. R. 1961. Rodentia. Volume 3, in The fauna of India including Pakistan, Burma and Ceylon. Mammalia. Second ed. Manager of Publications, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, vol. 3 (in 2 parts), 1: 1 - 482; 2: 483 - 884." year="1961">Ellerman, 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A4B39B3C3AE58EDD1B60882D1CF192C" author="Niethammer, J. & J. Martens" refId="ref260883" refString="Niethammer, J., and J. Martens. 1975. Die Gattungen Rattus und Maxomys in Afghanistan und Nepal. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 40: 325 - 355." year="1975">Niethammer and Martens, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="B6DE0FA6163A9A2F9727E1360C43C778">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="24BB6074ECF7953ACEF21508A359E58A" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectionCode id="E36E2EC41494723215EC474D1FA9F708" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
specimens); and S
|
||
<collectingCountry id="765EB1A2B346923198BD2BD5FBDE0526" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="3DE8632622C707248931B08BCB869E86" country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9185B4D0F69C8146E776D1C63A4641EF" country="China" name="Sichuan">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C11A10987BB0A2BA6B4A308D24AA9A57" country="China" name="Guangdong">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="29B97ED48AAE7118D9CCCC6F7BB17BAF" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" type="">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="4285231C05E44C1D6F6B4B8C4165A24A" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
material).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="21759E249CF01BC9417114AE29C6D2E3" pageNumber="1482" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="828FE31BB9595E0455DADCFAC06F082C" pageNumber="1482">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8ED2DA31B24B171B1F6B5F0BD52C260" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1482">Conservation:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="09645A97E449BA849EB141097CBC12F0">IUCN</collectionCode>
|
||
– Lower Risk (lc) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34865A14AA1A3BA5F92BFA9FA76BCC73" baseAuthorityName="Satunin" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turkestanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40D592F30526448560E0ED5C33087EBA" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. turkestanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="318767D3DECA439C897FCE78F12D449C" pageNumber="1482" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="A09A6E7874B86A39CC2D114D1F7AB305" pageNumber="1482">
|
||
<emphasis id="C126871A933A0C7DC1EDF5E228CF2BC0" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1482">Discussion:</emphasis>
|
||
<paragraph id="D5507B5B8042A61A5ADEBC1AB81B8316" pageNumber="1482">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DDEA43EAB2B8907C5FE5C145CAC1A14" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norvegicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="490697F9F52BA9361DDFB8410770DC27" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">Rattus norvegicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group. Despite past use of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B840218047CB679CB433AFCFAA8471B3" authority="Hodgson, 1845" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="14FA0B695AA05CEFD7A37B92C7C4834C" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">rattoides</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4CE4CCCAEAFCAD0DF9E7C0F8C1F403CC" author="Hodgson, B. H." refId="ref154508" refString="Hodgson, B. H. 1845. On the rats, mice, and shrews of the central region of Nepal. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, [ser. 1], 15: 266 - 270." year="1845">Hodgson, 1845</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9DA38D5716E847E4FAA4A8C55136BE0D" author="Caldarini, G. & E. Capanna & M. V. Civitelli & M. Corti & A. Simonetta" refId="ref49442" refString="Caldarini, G., E. Capanna, M. V. Civitelli, M. Corti, and A. Simonetta. 1989. Chromosomal evolution in the subgenus Rattus (Rodentia, Muridae): Karyotype analysis of two species from the Indian subregion. Mammalia, 53: 77 - 83." year="1989">Caldarini et al., 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DFF89D8D999DE2C795C90BD075007747" author="Corbet, G. B." refId="ref67548" refString="Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp." year="1978">
|
||
Corbet, 1978
|
||
<emphasis id="693A6B4D334218961B8567447616A903" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">c</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B856FDD93835B017A275CA31EB4FBCCE" author="Ellerman, J. R." refId="ref93118" refString="Ellerman, J. R. 1961. Rodentia. Volume 3, in The fauna of India including Pakistan, Burma and Ceylon. Mammalia. Second ed. Manager of Publications, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, vol. 3 (in 2 parts), 1: 1 - 482; 2: 483 - 884." year="1961">Ellerman, 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="97A9266AC8488E4B4677FBAAC45950E9" author="Ellerman, J. R. & T. C. S. Morrison-Scott" refId="ref93180" refString="Ellerman, J. R., and T. C. S. Morrison-Scott. 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp." year="1951">Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), it is preoccupied by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2480295EE8594978E48A3552B070FE6E" authority="Pictet and Pictet, 1844" authorityName="Pictet and Pictet" authorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="76E855E9D3F50DB114FE87E8090BD957" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">rattoides</emphasis>
|
||
Pictet and Pictet, 1844
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A9FBC85F17F95504463417E255977809" authority="(Schlitter and Thonglongya, 1971)" baseAuthorityName="Schlitter and Thonglongya" baseAuthorityYear="1971" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D0EEE006C2F920698C7EC617803AECDA" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. rattus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DF5DFE48FEDD0F6B7ED46B9F6282836B" author="Schlitter, D. A. & K. Thonglongya" refId="ref319887" refString="Schlitter, D. A., and K. Thonglongya. 1971. Rattus turkestanicus (Satunin, 1903), the valid name for Rattus rattoides Hodgson, 1845 (Mammalia: Rodentia). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 84: 171 - 174." year="1971">Schlitter and Thonglongya, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B473DE29572E1A9ECA5DAE4D9BF0E561" baseAuthorityName="Satunin" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turkestanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="43BE62EC59250302AF0050CE04A3F978" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">turkestanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(type-locality =
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D22A9683FE55BCDD4D27BCD7EA4AEB2F" name="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Oshskaya Obl., Lenniskii p-h, Arslanbob) has generally replaced
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9BBA21C0AEB8CA8F0C854089123E8F4" authorityName="Pictet and Pictet" authorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="346C49568AF4E65C1BB6A4EEF8257ADB" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">rattoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B20FC796C0252DC45AA115CC94267659" author="Corbet, G. B. & J. E. Hill" refId="ref67955" refString="Corbet, G. B., and J. E. Hill. 1992. Mammals of the Indomalayan region. A systematic review. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 488 pp." year="1992">Corbet and Hill, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9541240109A323C5BF8FCB4898FAEA31" author="Musser, G. G. & M. D. Carleton" refId="ref252333" refString="Musser, G. G., and M. D. Carleton. 1993. Family Muridae. Pp. 501 - 755, in: Mammal species of the world, a taxonomic and geographic reference, Second ed. (D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder, eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., xviii + 1206 pp." year="1993">Musser and Carleton, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="809A076F62A4E2454BF0CEA59AFA46A7" author="Musser, G. G. & C. Newcomb" refId="ref252806" refString="Musser, G. G., and C. Newcomb. 1985. Definitions of Indochinese Rattus losea and a new species from Vietnam. American Museum Novitates, 1814: 1 - 32." year="1985">Musser and Newcomb, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="37844A6A991C0DA3EE1C8528613F9600" author="Niethammer, J. & J. Martens" refId="ref260883" refString="Niethammer, J., and J. Martens. 1975. Die Gattungen Rattus und Maxomys in Afghanistan und Nepal. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 40: 325 - 355." year="1975">Niethammer and Martens, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) for the species but should be abandoned for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95220AFED67661F02B5551E0FC8BC25D" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyctoris">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FBDAD96113B96C2F787BCB987E1831F" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">pyctoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is the oldest name (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D24490DF73663F8D15685270C91C1256" author="Musser, G. G. & M. D. Carleton" refId="ref252333" refString="Musser, G. G., and M. D. Carleton. 1993. Family Muridae. Pp. 501 - 755, in: Mammal species of the world, a taxonomic and geographic reference, Second ed. (D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder, eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., xviii + 1206 pp." year="1993">Musser and Carleton, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Hodgson’s (1845)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D41581A31E7DDD20E25E730B615CB7B0" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyctoris">
|
||
<emphasis id="11EDF64C83B4C9724A4DC14C13DD45FF" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">pyctoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has historically been treated as a synonym of either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AB6A7D3835E08FAD7714980332EB293" authority="(Ellerman, 1941)" baseAuthorityName="Ellerman" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3852225459B2B4A8B6090F640460B9D7" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. rattus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2BD0652BE9658848F5235315E06DB565" author="Ellerman, J. R." refId="ref92857" refString="Ellerman, J. R. 1941. The families and genera of living rodents. Vol. II. Family Muridae. British Museum (Natural History), London, 690 pp." year="1941">Ellerman, 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB4DD55B53DCB316E71DC865DDC6F99B" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nitidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7E1F1FE82FB2C914AC7B7FFB73C55B02" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. nitidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="81FFBA9E6A09CFDD2E51F1FF51F2F4C1" author="Corbet, G. B." refId="ref67548" refString="Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp." year="1978">
|
||
Corbet, 1978
|
||
<emphasis id="9DDF5E08229C8901A3D7AC8069D4578D" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">c</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F5E685CFAC42C47A5906438D33157585" author="Ellerman, J. R." refId="ref93118" refString="Ellerman, J. R. 1961. Rodentia. Volume 3, in The fauna of India including Pakistan, Burma and Ceylon. Mammalia. Second ed. Manager of Publications, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, vol. 3 (in 2 parts), 1: 1 - 482; 2: 483 - 884." year="1961">Ellerman, 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C269BC7D8CD478E352A7A8C928920BD5" author="Ellerman, J. R. & T. C. S. Morrison-Scott" refId="ref93180" refString="Ellerman, J. R., and T. C. S. Morrison-Scott. 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp." year="1951">Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Musser studied the
|
||
<typeStatus id="85FF47DE6F840A7985464EC595261202">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="191C536AD140F708FF61AEEE573B6058" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyctoris">
|
||
<emphasis id="717CC2A58BDB06AB6F7D55B943D88A33" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">pyctoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="9B996C490E1F8570143E7509D0549D1E">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
45.1.8.381), the skin and skull of a young adult. The skin is in poor condition, and posterior part of the cranium and posterior portions of the dentaries are missing. However, the skin is sufficiently intact to determine that the fur is shaggy and brown over the upperparts, in contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C19B1F33A9021E90660985689E30F50C" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nitidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B2D9532FEBB38870CDF22B9B4AF5B524" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. nitidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has dark grayish brown upperparts and dense, soft pelage. The rostrum is wide and short (narrow and slender in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="373B2F344DF717EED87537689D6BC1E8" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nitidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4F62287359702EDC7184F397688B5E10" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. nitidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), molars are chunky and wide (thinner and gracile in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8D913442339755B30723955824277F6" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nitidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3918B9F4634E3DD5455572395E948661" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. nitidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and cusp t3, although small, is present on M1 (missing or so coalesced with cusp t2 that it is usually undetectable). Musser found the
|
||
<typeStatus id="310B7535C59A8C713A1D88050E9DE516">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EA7D80FAA0ED3E51F68A58D2ACB7070" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyctoris">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FEB2825E24BD74974AB8C0DE8563BBF" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">pyctoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to closely resemble the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8EE8284D5B3F412194BB47EBCE067B94">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of Hodgson’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54DD465E57BB1F934687EC1CA57EDC02" authorityName="Pictet and Pictet" authorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="467BF036E8338B38C6D1C926ADD4A629" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">rattoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and to be inseparable from
|
||
<collectionCode id="DFF7E2E777C465BB1FFDCD520E0911F0">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
Nepalese specimens usually identified as either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3611C046D2FFE8316F542C54DF23F8ED" authorityName="Pictet and Pictet" authorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="358C5F54988D1DEF35E9C5C602DACA53" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">rattoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A3241F939F83D022FE31FB3D5B66F996" baseAuthorityName="Satunin" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turkestanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="69C32E8C6F574AD3436321F50086B012" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">turkestanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3778EBBA32A3171671143116A6B2FDEF" pageNumber="1482">
|
||
Three distinctive morphological, chromosomal, and geographic forms are included under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6E3CC79FE50AB571FC26BA8824E4B547" baseAuthorityName="Satunin" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turkestanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08BA37318E7C7D2A721201B658A7644F" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. turkestanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF5DD9E2849FB2D7EA727C3945BDCBDF" author="Caldarini, G. & E. Capanna & M. V. Civitelli & M. Corti & A. Simonetta" refId="ref49442" refString="Caldarini, G., E. Capanna, M. V. Civitelli, M. Corti, and A. Simonetta. 1989. Chromosomal evolution in the subgenus Rattus (Rodentia, Muridae): Karyotype analysis of two species from the Indian subregion. Mammalia, 53: 77 - 83." year="1989">Caldarini et al., 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FFC7F796554B2EB48209711E00764B17" author="Capanna, E. & M. Corti" refId="ref50630" refString="Capanna, E., and M. Corti. 1991. Chromosomes, speciation and phylogeny in mammals. Pp. 355 - 370, in Symposium on the evolution of terrestrial vertebrates (G. Ghiara, F. Angelini, E. Olmo, and L. Varano, eds.). Selected Symposia and Monographs U. Z. I., 4, Mucchi, Modena, 666 pp." year="1991">Capanna and Corti, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9A12A681A472CABE7BF1DD1B120471E3" author="Niethammer, J. & J. Martens" refId="ref260883" refString="Niethammer, J., and J. Martens. 1975. Die Gattungen Rattus und Maxomys in Afghanistan und Nepal. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 40: 325 - 355." year="1975">Niethammer and Martens, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and were first recognized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="713EF6755FA8A1E1DE315B9B23566704" author="Hinton, M. A. C." refId="ref153930" refString="Hinton, M. A. C. 1922. Scientific results from the mammal survey. No. 34. The house rats of Nepal. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 28: 1056 - 1066." year="1922">Hinton (1922)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who treated all as species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="992D0BFECA87EE04AE99393A01DD7739" baseAuthorityName="Satunin" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turkestanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9C668FA24BED6D61AD9553036E563B0" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. turkestanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EC3547B082924E41BCB7773CE89D8B6B" baseAuthorityName="Bonhote" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vicerex">
|
||
<emphasis id="D09AE3EBACB27139D451C5E38E0712E6" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. vicerex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="96FD9B12BDB4D196377B43F8A4EB53A7" authorityName="Pictet and Pictet" authorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C5C37E098A3232A59C6AA08D0FA8B73" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. rattoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) but also suggested that each may instead be a well-differentiated subspecies. Subsequently,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E73E00B765C3617F87A0DFD48B62123" baseAuthorityName="Satunin" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turkestanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="51BE37E499BF93B5D5E6387B5B108B42" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. turkestanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46F42674331426642A366DB62A0EDCBB" baseAuthorityName="Bonhote" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vicerex">
|
||
<emphasis id="699F541444EA1BA4074E13EB84B3AC74" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. vicerex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were reported to occur sympatrically in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7395689148EF942CCA508FCEA8369D55" country="India" name="Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</collectingRegion>
|
||
regions of NW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="86032B4FF20278B19BA3EEE3D7FDFE0F" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C66E865EEE0A9AC86387197BB1732F56" author="Chakraborty, S." refId="ref56439" refString="Chakraborty, S. 1983. Contribution to the knowledge of the mammalian fauna of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 38: 1 - 129." year="1983">Chakraborty, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2570A3A6634D59C51EB9EC6AD1E95C6" author="Agrawal, V. C." refId="ref2022" refString="Agrawal, V. C. 2000. Taxonomic studies on Indian Muridae and Hystricidae (Mammalia: Rodentia). Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper No. 180, 186 pp." year="2000">Agrawal, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The latter is said to be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8F1A2C9F9099CC44F1FAC1FA9F3C0AE8" baseAuthorityName="Satunin" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turkestanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1F8BDA7A0D6CD264F14EA8586BB14D11" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. turkestanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its shorter tail (shorter than head and body, conspicuously longer in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29FD6F637BEEAE6E451C8696014D7BAE" baseAuthorityName="Satunin" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turkestanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6DE13D43C49463A5C1D5B5CD2E6DE1B1" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. turkestanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and fewer teats (four pairs versus six pairs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FEAB04CA6D4D1427FF2440D837C1FB8" baseAuthorityName="Satunin" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turkestanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DAE1FFBCFB2C08601B5FAB33F70F781" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. turkestanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); most of the specimens are young and their identification as a species separate from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CD043BF2EB438F5E28CCD71EFC578D5D" baseAuthorityName="Satunin" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turkestanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A09EB8B850109C35D8C02F45E51F9B35" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. turkestanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has to be verified within the framework of a careful systematic treatment (Musser could not distinguish two species in the large series from N
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6511817741524CFE9CF59B44A19B6920" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and N
|
||
<collectingCountry id="53FCD3BCD1659714E1F8C8A82A5D6647" name="Pakistan">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
examined at
|
||
<collectionCode id="0F3B98DC2B7A044C3006A628B549AF9A">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="C32025E5D9136B21377A86CD6482A9ED" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
). Such an inquiry should also examine significance of variation in pelage coloration (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="06686F3539B8AFDAD1451B82F6E2D094" author="Agrawal, V. C." refId="ref2022" refString="Agrawal, V. C. 2000. Taxonomic studies on Indian Muridae and Hystricidae (Mammalia: Rodentia). Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper No. 180, 186 pp." year="2000">Agrawal, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FDC2A9A40986CAF4299513E9FF16223A" author="Corbet, G. B. & J. E. Hill" refId="ref67955" refString="Corbet, G. B., and J. E. Hill. 1992. Mammals of the Indomalayan region. A systematic review. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 488 pp." year="1992">Corbet and Hill, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; our study) and chromosomal morphology (see above) among geographic samples, and determine whether the three groups represent separate species or geographic variants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="638A055F8ACBE9502B5B6ADEEF9A33C8" pageNumber="1482">
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0D39CD8084CD845A65C655DAD383B94A" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyctoris">
|
||
<emphasis id="9872706DF8A23A6A9B889B482D012124" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. pyctoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
according to habitat types in SE
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E3268B2F5FADC680E012EF621ADFDD6C" name="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
documented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="264743B8A0DE9FC943F1C78A7F92659C" author="Kucheruk, V. V." refId="ref200533" refString="Kucheruk, V. V. 2000. [Distribution and specific features of synanthropy in Rattus turkestanicus.] Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 79 (4): 495 - 502 (in Russian with English abstract)." year="2000">Kucheruk (2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8579A7FB41003116104A0751E5794808" baseAuthorityName="Satunin" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turkestanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1EFFC3EF8830FD830393ED342AA29802" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. turkestanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), who also described habitat interaction between that species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="423A60CB0A3BB65EFD81BA2454B8A698" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norvegicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2D8B48EC7260762D4D4E48B5FD845AA" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. norvegicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9393E2907A881FD707244581EE27C9E3" baseAuthorityName="Ellerman" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9F61E1E3D96CC90DE13A6A3AF5963F64" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. rattus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In contrast to those two, populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4788625F766A3E779C57275AFCA90DB5" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyctoris">
|
||
<emphasis id="98ADE4705F44D6D77A9044A4FBE2A2B4" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. pyctoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are less dependent upon anthropogenic habitats and its natural range has not been enlarged by following human settlement. Comparisons among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A35B5CD229B0FEF7269101D626392D79" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyctoris">
|
||
<emphasis id="51C4E4F4ADE11DC57EB146F404C414C4" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. pyctoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4ED339222C77E065AAA315432ECB9FE" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norvegicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="387A43FC07FC413EDC1102D8CA680084" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. norvegicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E580AF4DB314D92BA29BD3826CC3C0E6" baseAuthorityName="Ellerman" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rattus">
|
||
<emphasis id="37820BDFD667203B5664EF75BC7B0C72" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. rattus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in mandible shape and its potential taxonomic significance documented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E25EF71D66A9AE1C061FD61E7B200E48" author="Lapshov, V. A." refId="ref204073" refString="Lapshov, V. A. 1992. [Projection analysis of low mandible shape of the black (Rattus rattus), brown (R. norvegicus) and Turkestan (R. Turkestanicus) rats.] Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 71 (6): 125 - 134." year="1992">Lapshov (1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="935B183A7EF7F080E09B79B95844B655" baseAuthorityName="Satunin" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turkestanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5F78428E3A9E6E82D737C79E0EF7C211" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">turkestanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Russian range, taxonomy, and other characteristics reviewed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A431F6F0EF6B4490A4A374236CDFA6F8" author="Gromov, I. M. & M. A. Erbajeva" refId="ref130294" refString="Gromov, I. M., and M. A. Erbajeva. 1995. [The mammals of Russia and adjacent territories. Lagomorphs and Rodents.] Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institut, St. Petersburg, 520 pp." year="1995">Gromov and Erbajeva (1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54C924FC654F569AA85BF5D8F742E8FA" baseAuthorityName="Satunin" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="turkestanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6005B3E1B7D6A39362CC58952AF4CA6C" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">turkestanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA63784C191F3E4EDD9219DB30347447" pageNumber="1482">
|
||
Including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF797D412D49E09A28925F489D2D939E" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyctoris">
|
||
<emphasis id="AEDB4F242D7181842AF9ADEA8C6171D7" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. pyctoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the same clade as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38E3BABA14D35B6BB04B5CAF8B93BCE6" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norvegicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C70DDEE66CDD5AF0D292DACB8B60DD0D" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. norvegicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CD1C43BD3BE84FA57EFE2EA465F3D63" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nitidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="870B111D1C311B5944A2A0EB2A169AE0" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. nitidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is based primarily upon recent analyses of mtDNA cytochrome
|
||
<emphasis id="BFB10AD90EB903C80BB3D5A363792728" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">b</emphasis>
|
||
sequences (K. Aplin, in litt., 2004).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B60E1F4209D95DBAD2AB1AC39A9C6DA5" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyctoris">
|
||
<emphasis id="34A9B5E5B7FD7116B4B30E4DA5E6ABE1" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">Rattus pyctoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has shaggy, dense fur and six pairs of teats, traits also characterizing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1DEFC93A16B5C7618DD642236E5118B0" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norvegicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="49116A1AD9A09C52FBB4B7E51CFE07F4" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. norvegicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The M1 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74CC188E81027C4404F4A5CD320F15E9" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyctoris">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DB70982BBC07BA5D765EE8D029212E1" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. pyctoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has a reduced anterolabial cusp (t3) relative to the adjacent two cusps forming the anterior lamina; cusp t3 is usually absent or undetectable in most examples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6CB9B50804AAAA7635D18B8CA64957B1" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norvegicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5C54CD3988754CC451CA07693759FBE4" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. norvegicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4A4B84D6CD124C1D0644A1EEACDD191B" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nitidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="834514231560B71DB8D7C6B6FA6E1C68" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">R. nitidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but prominent in all other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1D0794D9DAD5358EC99EA68BCA7B32BD" baseAuthorityName="Ellerman" baseAuthorityYear="1949" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="25A6BFFC2058413B95E1EB16B4EEF6E9" italics="true" pageNumber="1482">Rattus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |