409 lines
72 KiB
XML
409 lines
72 KiB
XML
<document id="A7CF0A1C0F8255F84BBD939194FD00B9" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1577.1.2" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5097070" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1626202917443" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Grzymbowski, Yvonne, Stemmer, Kristina & Wägele, Heike" docDate="2007" docId="225C35557548BD46FF64FCB6FC24F867" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01577p016.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1577 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1577.1.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Ercolania kencolesi Grzymbowski & Stemmer & Wägele 2007, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="DE654D2D754ABD40FFF3FFDBFFA1FFFF" masterDocTitle="On a new Ercolania Trinchese, 1872 (Opisthobranchia, Sacoglossa, Limapontiidae) living within Boergesenia Feldmann, 1950 (Cladophorales), with notes on anatomy, histology and biology" masterLastPageNumber="16" masterPageNumber="3" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1699003692260" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="C6BB9448E759E68E3DB5DA9125D2BCD1">On a new Ercolania Trinchese, 1872 (Opisthobranchia, Sacoglossa, Limapontiidae) living within Boergesenia Feldmann, 1950 (Cladophorales), with notes on anatomy, histology and biology</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="188FCCF8D757DA73F5CE10B703460738">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D2BF278449299A90468ADF67722EE0B2">Grzymbowski, Yvonne</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8C4F11D77AE412EAB0118B678F33647D">Institut für Evolutionsbiologie und Zooökologie, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms-Universität, An der Immenburg 1, D- 53121 Bonn, Germany Spezielle Zoologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D- 44780 Bochum, Germany Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, D- 53121 Bonn, Germany * Corresponding author: hwaegele @ evolution. uni-bonn. de</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D56FF81EC0E7729DA139DFCB09D9F84E">Stemmer, Kristina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FAE5C1C2D3DE300538E784006FB30785">Wägele, Heike</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3BE169497066AB20E2360E0BC0DD6E02">Institut für Evolutionsbiologie und Zooökologie, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms-Universität, An der Immenburg 1, D- 53121 Bonn, Germany Spezielle Zoologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D- 44780 Bochum, Germany Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, D- 53121 Bonn, Germany * Corresponding author: hwaegele @ evolution. uni-bonn. de</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="C7F66E0FF3FD36A26DC2EE9724777A72">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D14FBB0B3D4026EDC6C198E06BE5E528">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0080E60C4A78C5E2FEE2ABBACB38CF42">2007-09-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="80FBC3B3EDFCCAC03BCDE1F3187F0B66">1577</mods:number>
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<treatment id="225C35557548BD46FF64FCB6FC24F867" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:225C35557548BD46FF64FCB6FC24F867" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/225C35557548BD46FF64FCB6FC24F867" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
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<paragraph id="AA4A84437548BD42FF64FCB6FE4AFC78" blockId="2.[151,491,877,903]" box="[151,491,877,903]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
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<heading id="F102332F7548BD42FF64FCB6FE4AFC78" bold="true" box="[151,491,877,903]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="988158517548BD42FF64FCB6FE4AFC78" bold="true" box="[151,491,877,903]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="6DF5FFC07548BD42FF64FCB6FE26FC78" ID-CoL="6GBJ3" authority="Grzymbowski & Stemmer & Wägele, 2007" authorityName="Grzymbowski & Stemmer & Wägele" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,391,877,903]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kencolesi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="988158517548BD42FF64FCB6FE26FC78" bold="true" box="[151,391,877,903]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Ercolania kencolesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="83B2E52A7548BD42FE7DFCB6FE4AFC78" box="[398,491,877,903]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AA4A84437548BD42FF64FC63FEB7FC2E" blockId="2.[151,1437,952,1227]" box="[151,278,952,977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="988158517548BD42FF64FC63FEB7FC2E" box="[151,278,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Repository</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="1A9D8E1E7548BD42FF35FC3BFCE4FBB3" collectingDate="2006-07-02" country="Australia" county="North" elevation="1" location="Australian Museum" municipality="Island" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Queensland" typeStatus="holotype">
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<location id="AF2AD2987548BD42FF35FC3BFE13FC05" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:225C35557548BD46FF64FCB6FC24F867:AF2AD2987548BD42FF35FC3BFE13FC05" box="[198,434,992,1018]" country="Australia" county="North" municipality="Island" name="Australian Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Queensland">Australian Museum</location>
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,
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||
<location id="AF2AD2987548BD42FE4DFC3BFDBBFC05" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:225C35557548BD46FF64FCB6FC24F867:AF2AD2987548BD42FE4DFC3BFDBBFC05" box="[446,538,992,1018]" country="Australia" county="North" municipality="Island" name="Sydney" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Queensland">Sydney</location>
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: Type material:
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<taxonomicName id="6DF5FFC07548BD42FD2CFC3BFBA1FC05" authority="Beach, Lizard" authorityName="Beach, Lizard" box="[735,1024,992,1018]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Casuarinaceae" genus="Casuarina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Casuarina Beach, Lizard</taxonomicName>
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<collectingMunicipality id="4A2E1E397548BD42FBFBFC3BFBF2FC05" box="[1032,1107,992,1018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Island</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="432BFCCF7548BD42FBACFC3BFB02FC05" box="[1119,1187,992,1018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">North</collectingCounty>
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<collectingRegion id="68314AA17548BD42FB58FC3BFA99FC05" box="[1195,1336,992,1018]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Queensland</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="D2E2C4D37548BD42FAB6FC3BFF16FBDB" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Australia</collectingCountry>
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; shallow water up to
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<specimenCount id="BCF34FCA7548BD42FE31FBD1FE58FBDB" box="[450,505,1034,1060]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" type="generic">
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<elevation id="21D863707548BD42FE31FBD1FE54FBDB" box="[450,501,1034,1060]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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<date id="DE4BA2837548BD42FDF7FBD1FD07FBDB" box="[516,678,1032,1060]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="2006-07-02">
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<collectingDate id="CE0F5B6B7548BD42FDF7FBD1FD07FBDB" box="[516,678,1032,1060]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="2006-07-02">
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2
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<superScript id="5D80290B7548BD42FDE1FBD3FD83FBE9" attach="left" box="[530,546,1032,1046]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">nd</superScript>
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July 2006
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</collectingDate>
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</date>
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.
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<typeStatus id="754E3AE17548BD42FD46FBD1FC83FBDB" box="[693,802,1034,1060]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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C.209735, length of preserved specimen 2.3 mm;
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<specimenCount id="BCF34FCA7548BD42FA7EFBD1FF5DFBB3" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">1 paratype</specimenCount>
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C.209736, length of preserved specimen 2.1 mm;
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AA4A84437548BD42FF35FB81FCB5FB34" blockId="2.[151,1437,952,1227]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
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Further material:
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||
<materialsCitation id="1A9D8E1E7548BD42FE65FB81FCAEFB34" collectingDate="2006-06-07" collectingDateMax="2006-07-02" collectingDateMin="2006-06-07" country="Australia" elevation="1" location="Island" municipality="North" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Queensland">
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||
<taxonomicName id="6DF5FFC07548BD42FE65FB81FD18FB8B" authority="Beach, Lizard" authorityName="Beach, Lizard" box="[406,697,1114,1140]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Casuarinaceae" genus="Casuarina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Casuarina Beach, Lizard</taxonomicName>
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<location id="AF2AD2987548BD42FD32FB81FCADFB8B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:225C35557548BD46FF64FCB6FC24F867:AF2AD2987548BD42FD32FB81FCADFB8B" box="[705,780,1114,1140]" country="Australia" municipality="North" name="Island" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Queensland">Island</location>
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,
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="4A2E1E397548BD42FCEAFB81FCFFFB8B" box="[793,862,1114,1140]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">North</collectingMunicipality>
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<collectingRegion id="68314AA17548BD42FC96FB81FC53FB8B" box="[869,1010,1114,1140]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Queensland</collectingRegion>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="D2E2C4D37548BD42FBF3FB81FBCEFB8B" box="[1024,1135,1114,1140]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Australia</collectingCountry>
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; shallow water up to
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<elevation id="21D863707548BD42FA9DFB81FF7DFB5F" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1.0">
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<quantity id="6D0D29A67548BD42FA9DFB81FA3DFB8B" box="[1390,1436,1114,1140]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
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depth
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||
</elevation>
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.
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||
<date id="DE4BA2837548BD42FF14FB5DFE31FB5F" box="[231,400,1155,1184]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="2006-06-30">
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||
<collectingDate id="CE0F5B6B7548BD42FF14FB5DFE31FB5F" box="[231,400,1155,1184]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="2006-06-30">
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30
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<superScript id="5D80290B7548BD42FEF7FB58FEB1FB6E" attach="left" box="[260,272,1155,1169]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">th</superScript>
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||
June 2006
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||
</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="BCF34FCA7548BD42FE57FB5DFD86FB5F" box="[420,551,1158,1184]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
used for histology),
|
||
<date id="DE4BA2837548BD42FCEFFB5DFC16FB5F" box="[796,951,1155,1184]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="2006-07-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="CE0F5B6B7548BD42FCEFFB5DFC16FB5F" box="[796,951,1155,1184]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="2006-07-02">
|
||
2
|
||
<superScript id="5D80290B7548BD42FCD8FB58FC9AFB6E" attach="left" box="[811,827,1155,1169]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">nd</superScript>
|
||
July 2006
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="BCF34FCA7548BD42FC39FB5DFBECFB5F" box="[970,1101,1158,1184]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
used for molecular studies),
|
||
<date id="DE4BA2837548BD42FF64FB6AFE90FB34" box="[151,305,1197,1227]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="2006-06-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="CE0F5B6B7548BD42FF64FB6AFE90FB34" box="[151,305,1197,1227]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" value="2006-06-07">
|
||
7
|
||
<superScript id="5D80290B7548BD42FF56FB76FF10FB44" attach="left" box="[165,177,1197,1211]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">th</superScript>
|
||
June 2006
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="BCF34FCA7548BD42FEB7FB6AFE66FB34" box="[324,455,1201,1227]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
used for molecular studies)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4A84437548BD42FF64FADAFEAAFAE5" blockId="2.[151,1436,1281,1467]" box="[151,267,1281,1306]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="988158517548BD42FF64FADAFEAAFAE5" box="[151,267,1281,1306]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Localities</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4A84437548BD42FF35FAF2FC10FA44" blockId="2.[151,1436,1281,1467]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Up to now, this species has been recorded from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF5FFC07548BD42FCF7FAF2FC6EFABC" authority="Beach" authorityName="Beach" box="[772,975,1321,1347]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Casuarinaceae" genus="Casuarina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Casuarina Beach</taxonomicName>
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||
, in front of the Lizard Island Research Station (material studied here), from Hope Island, North Queensland (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE64F9B27548BD42FC28FA8AFBFCFA94" author="Loch, I." box="[987,1117,1361,1387]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" pagination="5 - 6" refId="ref7722" refString="Loch, I. (1989) Sailor's eyeballs- the inside story. Australian Shell News, 68, 5 - 6." type="journal article" year="1989">Loch 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and pers. comm., material deposited in AMS under the number C.153783) and from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D2E2C4D37548BD42FCC6FAA2FCDDFA6C" box="[821,892,1401,1427]" name="Guam" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Guam</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE64F9B27548BD42FC7FFAA2FB2AFA6C" author="Carlson, C. & Hoff, P. J." box="[908,1163,1401,1427]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" pagination="271 - 293" refId="ref6889" refString="Carlson, C. & Hoff, P. J. (2003) The opisthobranchs of the Mariana Islands. Micronesia, 35 - 36, 271 - 293." type="journal article" year="2003">Carlson & Hoff 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A photo record of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D2E2C4D37548BD42FF64FA7AFF7EFA44" box="[151,223,1441,1467]" name="Guam" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Guam</collectingCountry>
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||
species by Carlson and Hoff is available in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE64F9B27548BD42FD11FA7AFC0CFA44" author="Rudman, W. B." box="[738,941,1441,1467]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" refId="ref8157" refString="Rudman, W. B. (2000 b) (March 9) Ercolania sp. 1, Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from http: // www. seaslugforum. net / factsheet. cfm? base = ercosp 1 (last accessed 6 April 2007)" type="url" year="2000">Rudman (2000b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4A84437548BD42FF64FA2AFEB5F9F5" blockId="2.[151,1436,1521,1627]" box="[151,276,1521,1546]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="988158517548BD42FF64FA2AFEB5F9F5" box="[151,276,1521,1546]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4A84437548BD42FF35F9C2FB66F9A4" blockId="2.[151,1436,1521,1627]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">This species is dedicated to Ken Coles, a great sponsor of the Lizard Island Research Station (LIRS). With his donations, he supports many scientists doing research in the well-equipped laboratories.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4A84437548BD42FF64F94AFE80F955" blockId="2.[151,1437,1681,2027]" box="[151,289,1681,1706]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="988158517548BD42FF64F94AFE80F955" box="[151,289,1681,1706]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4A84437548BD42FF35F962FCF6F864" blockId="2.[151,1437,1681,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="988158517548BD42FF35F962FB90F92D" box="[198,1073,1721,1746]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">External morphology and colour of living specimens based on five animals</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C67548BD42FBB2F962FB6DF92C" box="[1089,1228,1721,1747]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,397,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-167@3.[151,1436,397,1870]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: Living animals from Lizard Island; A: Animal freshly taken out of algal tube; length about 5 mm. B: Animal starved for 4 days; length about 3 mm. C: Animal within algal tube of Boergesenia after two hours; D: Two egg masses laid after 3 days since intrusion of animal into algal tube. E: Animal and egg mass within algal tube after two days." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097072/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Figs. 1A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
): Size from
|
||
<quantity id="6D0D29A67548BD42FAAAF962FA3AF92C" box="[1369,1435,1721,1747]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
up to
|
||
<quantity id="6D0D29A67548BD42FF2FF93AFE84F904" box="[220,293,1761,1787]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Body elongate; foot tapering posteriorly; anterior foot without a notch and any propodial tentacles, but slightly extended to lateral sides; rhinophores long, solid and digitiform; eyes lying behind rhinophores on lateral sides; renopericardial prominence inconspicuous; cerata club-shaped to sausage-shaped, in one to two rows, with smaller ones on outer side; cerata not standing very close, those of similar size in opposite position; central notum free of any cerata (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C67548BD42FD49F85AFCE6F864" box="[698,839,1921,1947]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,397,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-167@3.[151,1436,397,1870]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: Living animals from Lizard Island; A: Animal freshly taken out of algal tube; length about 5 mm. B: Animal starved for 4 days; length about 3 mm. C: Animal within algal tube of Boergesenia after two hours; D: Two egg masses laid after 3 days since intrusion of animal into algal tube. E: Animal and egg mass within algal tube after two days." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097072/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1A, 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4A84437548BD43FF35F872FCF0FEAD" blockId="2.[151,1437,1681,2027]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,152,338]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Overall colour of body green; under higher magnification, green disintegrating to green dots representing terminal parts of numerous tiny digestive glandular branches. Stripes never present, not even in starving ani- mals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C67549BD43FF2CFF43FE9DFF4D" box="[223,316,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,397,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-167@3.[151,1436,397,1870]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: Living animals from Lizard Island; A: Animal freshly taken out of algal tube; length about 5 mm. B: Animal starved for 4 days; length about 3 mm. C: Animal within algal tube of Boergesenia after two hours; D: Two egg masses laid after 3 days since intrusion of animal into algal tube. E: Animal and egg mass within algal tube after two days." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097072/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Rhinophores green with white tips; in median part with a white blotch nearly circling rhinophore. Head completely green, eyes hardly visible. Anterior margin of foot light green to whitish (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C67549BD43FACBFF1BFF18FEFD" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,397,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-167@3.[151,1436,397,1870]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: Living animals from Lizard Island; A: Animal freshly taken out of algal tube; length about 5 mm. B: Animal starved for 4 days; length about 3 mm. C: Animal within algal tube of Boergesenia after two hours; D: Two egg masses laid after 3 days since intrusion of animal into algal tube. E: Animal and egg mass within algal tube after two days." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097072/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="6">Figs.1C, 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cerata darker green, darkest at apical end; subapical white blotches present, forming an incomplete ring; more patches especially in dorsal areas of cerata. After starving for two to three days, animals showing a more brownish colour and eyes becoming more visible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C67549BD43FD15FEE3FCE0FEAD" box="[742,833,312,338]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,397,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-167@3.[151,1436,397,1870]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: Living animals from Lizard Island; A: Animal freshly taken out of algal tube; length about 5 mm. B: Animal starved for 4 days; length about 3 mm. C: Animal within algal tube of Boergesenia after two hours; D: Two egg masses laid after 3 days since intrusion of animal into algal tube. E: Animal and egg mass within algal tube after two days." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097072/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="FE8AD4CB7549BD43FF64F8B3FE05F818" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097072" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5097072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097072/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="6" startId="3.[151,255,1896,1920]" targetBox="[151,1436,397,1870]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4A84437549BD43FF64F8B3FE05F818" blockId="3.[151,1436,1896,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="988158517549BD43FF64F8B3FEB2F87F" bold="true" box="[151,275,1896,1920]" pageId="3" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF5FFC07549BD43FED2F8B2FE55F87F" authority="Grzymbowski & Stemmer & Wägele, 2007" authorityName="Grzymbowski & Stemmer & Wägele" authorityYear="2007" box="[289,500,1897,1920]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="3" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kencolesi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="988158517549BD43FED2F8B2FE55F87F" box="[289,500,1897,1920]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="6">Ercolania kencolesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="83B2E52A7549BD43FE0FF8B3FDF3F880" box="[508,594,1896,1919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
: Living animals from Lizard Island; A: Animal freshly taken out of algal tube; length about 5 mm. B: Animal starved for 4 days; length about 3 mm. C: Animal within algal tube of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF5FFC07549BD43FB13F850FAC5F85D" authorityName="Feldmann" authorityYear="1950" box="[1248,1380,1931,1954]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Siphonocladaceae" genus="Boergesenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cladophorales" pageId="3" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="988158517549BD43FB13F850FAC5F85D" box="[1248,1380,1931,1954]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="6">Boergesenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
after two hours; D: Two egg masses laid after 3 days since intrusion of animal into algal tube. E: Animal and egg mass within algal tube after two days.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4A8443754EBD44FF64FF43FBA5FF4E" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,298]" box="[151,1028,152,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="98815851754EBD44FF64FF43FBA5FF4E" box="[151,1028,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Description of anatomy and histology of preserved specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C6754EBD44FC9DFF43FC56FF4E" box="[878,1015,152,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,394,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-177@4.[151,1436,394,1808]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: Histology of organ systems. A: Cross section in the anterior third of body. B: Cross section in anterior half of body with genital system. C: Longitudinal section of rhinophore. Note that most of the algal chloroplasts are already consumed. D: Cross section in posterior third of body. E: Prostate gland. F: Cross section of eye. Abbreviations: algl albumen gland, am ampulla, cagl capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, ga ganglia, glst glandular structure, go gonad, mugl mucous gland, pe penis, pha pharynx, prgl prostate gland, sugl subepithelial glands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097077/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="7">Figs. 2A–F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4A8443754EBD45FF35FF1BFC63FE85" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,298]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,152,1698]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="98815851754EBD44FF35FF1BFE94FF26" box="[198,309,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="7">Digestive</emphasis>
|
||
tract: Oral tube with ciliated cells, many subepithelial glandular follicles with red-stained mucus surrounding and entering the oral tube. Radula formula 0.1.0. Radula of
|
||
<typeStatus id="754E3AE1754EBD44FC11FF33FBE6FEFD" box="[994,1095,232,258]" pageId="4" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
with 2 teeth in the ascending limb, 7 teeth in the descending limb and 2 preradular teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C6754EBD44FCA7FECBFC11FED5" box="[852,944,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1745,1769]" captionTargetBox="[279,1359,188,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-73@7.[193,1391,176,1739]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: larval development and adult radula. A: Veliger larva (day 5), lateral view after hatching from egg mass. B: Frontal view of similar developmental stage. C: Radula of paratype. Note the two preradular teeth (arrow). Abbreviations: dgl digestive gland, e eye, op operculum, st statocyst, yo yolk." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097079/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Teeth sabot-shaped, with smooth edges. Pharynx lined with a cuticle. Short, tube-like salivary glands present; glandular cells with tiny dark bluish stained granules. Oesophagus and stomach lined by a columnar, ciliated epithelium. Digestive gland highly tubulose with many branches running especially beneath epidermis and filling cerata nearly completely (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C6754FBD45FA9EFF33FF1FFED5" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,394,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-177@4.[151,1436,394,1808]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: Histology of organ systems. A: Cross section in the anterior third of body. B: Cross section in anterior half of body with genital system. C: Longitudinal section of rhinophore. Note that most of the algal chloroplasts are already consumed. D: Cross section in posterior third of body. E: Prostate gland. F: Cross section of eye. Abbreviations: algl albumen gland, am ampulla, cagl capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, ga ganglia, glst glandular structure, go gonad, mugl mucous gland, pe penis, pha pharynx, prgl prostate gland, sugl subepithelial glands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097077/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
); these diverticula and branches reaching also into rhinophores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C6754FBD45FC42FECBFBAAFED5" box="[945,1035,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,394,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-177@4.[151,1436,394,1808]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: Histology of organ systems. A: Cross section in the anterior third of body. B: Cross section in anterior half of body with genital system. C: Longitudinal section of rhinophore. Note that most of the algal chloroplasts are already consumed. D: Cross section in posterior third of body. E: Prostate gland. F: Cross section of eye. Abbreviations: algl albumen gland, am ampulla, cagl capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, ga ganglia, glst glandular structure, go gonad, mugl mucous gland, pe penis, pha pharynx, prgl prostate gland, sugl subepithelial glands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097077/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
) and foot. Intestine with a typhlosolis; epithelium with ciliated cuboidal to columnar cells; distal part of intestine a simple ciliated duct; no glands observable. Anus opening on top of pericardium, middorsally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="FE8AD4CB754EBD44FF64F8F3FA36F829" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097077" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5097077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097077/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="7" startId="4.[151,255,1832,1856]" targetBox="[151,1436,394,1808]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4A8443754EBD44FF64F8F3FA36F829" blockId="4.[151,1436,1832,2006]" pageId="4" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="98815851754EBD44FF64F8F3FEB2F8BF" bold="true" box="[151,275,1832,1856]" pageId="4" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF5FFC0754EBD44FED1F8F3FE57F8C0" authority="Grzymbowski & Stemmer & Wägele, 2007" authorityName="Grzymbowski & Stemmer & Wägele" authorityYear="2007" box="[290,502,1832,1855]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="4" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kencolesi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="98815851754EBD44FED1F8F3FE57F8C0" box="[290,502,1832,1855]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="7">Ercolania kencolesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="83B2E52A754EBD44FE0EF8F3FDF5F8C0" box="[509,596,1832,1855]" pageId="4" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
: Histology of organ systems. A: Cross section in the anterior third of body. B: Cross section in anterior half of body with genital system. C: Longitudinal section of rhinophore. Note that most of the algal chloroplasts are already consumed. D: Cross section in posterior third of body. E: Prostate gland. F: Cross section of eye. Abbreviations: algl albumen gland, am ampulla, cagl capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, ga ganglia, glst glandular structure, go gonad, mugl mucous gland, pe penis, pha pharynx, prgl prostate gland, sugl subepithelial glands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4A8443754FBD45FF35FE53FC42FBDD" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,1698]" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="98815851754FBD45FF35FE53FED2FE5E" box="[198,371,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Genital system</emphasis>
|
||
: Gonad lying partly ventral, consisting of follicles with oogonia lying peripheral and spermatogonia in median part (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C6754FBD45FE19FE6BFDEDFE35" box="[490,588,432,458]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,394,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-177@4.[151,1436,394,1808]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: Histology of organ systems. A: Cross section in the anterior third of body. B: Cross section in anterior half of body with genital system. C: Longitudinal section of rhinophore. Note that most of the algal chloroplasts are already consumed. D: Cross section in posterior third of body. E: Prostate gland. F: Cross section of eye. Abbreviations: algl albumen gland, am ampulla, cagl capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, ga ganglia, glst glandular structure, go gonad, mugl mucous gland, pe penis, pha pharynx, prgl prostate gland, sugl subepithelial glands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097077/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ampulla large, with extremely flat epithelium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C6754FBD45FB40FE6BFAB4FE35" box="[1203,1301,432,458]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,394,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-177@4.[151,1436,394,1808]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: Histology of organ systems. A: Cross section in the anterior third of body. B: Cross section in anterior half of body with genital system. C: Longitudinal section of rhinophore. Note that most of the algal chloroplasts are already consumed. D: Cross section in posterior third of body. E: Prostate gland. F: Cross section of eye. Abbreviations: algl albumen gland, am ampulla, cagl capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, ga ganglia, glst glandular structure, go gonad, mugl mucous gland, pe penis, pha pharynx, prgl prostate gland, sugl subepithelial glands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097077/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
); sperm in ampulla lying in groups; sperm heads very long, up to
|
||
<quantity id="6D0D29A6754FBD45FCDEFE03FCDFFE0D" box="[813,894,472,498]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Nidamental glands comprising three distinct areas: albumen, capsule and mucus gland. Albumen gland forming several small tubes and running into posterior part of body between gonad and an unidentified gland (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C6754FBD45FCBCFDF3FC0CFDBD" box="[847,941,552,578]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,394,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-177@4.[151,1436,394,1808]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: Histology of organ systems. A: Cross section in the anterior third of body. B: Cross section in anterior half of body with genital system. C: Longitudinal section of rhinophore. Note that most of the algal chloroplasts are already consumed. D: Cross section in posterior third of body. E: Prostate gland. F: Cross section of eye. Abbreviations: algl albumen gland, am ampulla, cagl capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, ga ganglia, glst glandular structure, go gonad, mugl mucous gland, pe penis, pha pharynx, prgl prostate gland, sugl subepithelial glands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097077/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cells rather broad, apical part filled with violet-staining granules. Capsule gland tubular and mainly situated dorsally to mucus gland. Cells of an intermediate size, i.e., capsule gland cells smaller than mucus cells and larger than albumen gland cells. Capsule gland cells filled with smaller vacuoles staining bright red (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C6754FBD45FC9BFD7BFC66FD45" box="[872,967,672,698]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,394,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-177@4.[151,1436,394,1808]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: Histology of organ systems. A: Cross section in the anterior third of body. B: Cross section in anterior half of body with genital system. C: Longitudinal section of rhinophore. Note that most of the algal chloroplasts are already consumed. D: Cross section in posterior third of body. E: Prostate gland. F: Cross section of eye. Abbreviations: algl albumen gland, am ampulla, cagl capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, ga ganglia, glst glandular structure, go gonad, mugl mucous gland, pe penis, pha pharynx, prgl prostate gland, sugl subepithelial glands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097077/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mucus gland forming a thick tubular structure running ventrally of the pharynx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C6754FBD45FD7CFD13FD4BFD1D" box="[655,746,712,738]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,394,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-177@4.[151,1436,394,1808]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: Histology of organ systems. A: Cross section in the anterior third of body. B: Cross section in anterior half of body with genital system. C: Longitudinal section of rhinophore. Note that most of the algal chloroplasts are already consumed. D: Cross section in posterior third of body. E: Prostate gland. F: Cross section of eye. Abbreviations: algl albumen gland, am ampulla, cagl capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, ga ganglia, glst glandular structure, go gonad, mugl mucous gland, pe penis, pha pharynx, prgl prostate gland, sugl subepithelial glands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097077/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
) and bending back in head area. Cells very large with a red and greasy staining appearance. Presence or absence of receptaculum seminis could not be verified satisfactorily since some slides of that area were lost during preparation. A small bursa copulatrix with rather flat epithelium and very few disintegrating sperm present. Prostate gland composed of large glandular cells with tiny granular appearance and staining light bluish (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C6754FBD45FD4EFCB3FCB8FC7D" box="[701,793,872,898]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,394,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-177@4.[151,1436,394,1808]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: Histology of organ systems. A: Cross section in the anterior third of body. B: Cross section in anterior half of body with genital system. C: Longitudinal section of rhinophore. Note that most of the algal chloroplasts are already consumed. D: Cross section in posterior third of body. E: Prostate gland. F: Cross section of eye. Abbreviations: algl albumen gland, am ampulla, cagl capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, ga ganglia, glst glandular structure, go gonad, mugl mucous gland, pe penis, pha pharynx, prgl prostate gland, sugl subepithelial glands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097077/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
), forming a rather compact mass behind pharynx. Vas deferens composed of ciliated cells. Penis rather thick, lying within a sheath (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C6754FBD45FBD6FC4BFB25FC55" box="[1061,1156,912,938]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,394,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-177@4.[151,1436,394,1808]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: Histology of organ systems. A: Cross section in the anterior third of body. B: Cross section in anterior half of body with genital system. C: Longitudinal section of rhinophore. Note that most of the algal chloroplasts are already consumed. D: Cross section in posterior third of body. E: Prostate gland. F: Cross section of eye. Abbreviations: algl albumen gland, am ampulla, cagl capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, ga ganglia, glst glandular structure, go gonad, mugl mucous gland, pe penis, pha pharynx, prgl prostate gland, sugl subepithelial glands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097077/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vas deferens inside of penis with ciliated epithelium, surrounded by musculature. Penis tissue with few subepithelial glandular cells, staining dark violet, in a similar way as observed in body tissue and especially in foot (see below). Distal part of penis with one hollow and curved stylet. Penis opening not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4A8443754FBD45FF35FBEBFF52FB65" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,1698]" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="98815851754FBD45FF35FBEBFE3DFBB6" box="[198,412,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Excretory system:</emphasis>
|
||
Kidney saclike, situated dorsally above digestive system; epithelium highly folded, with larger cells containing several non-staining vacuoles. Ureter forming a simple ciliated duct. No syrinx present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4A8443754FBD45FF35FB73FDEBFB15" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,1698]" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="98815851754FBD45FF35FB73FEDBFB3E" box="[198,378,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Sensory organs</emphasis>
|
||
: Eyes with pigment cup and round lens. This lens staining homogeneously light blue (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C6754FBD45FA9EFB73FF1BFB15" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,394,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-177@4.[151,1436,394,1808]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: Histology of organ systems. A: Cross section in the anterior third of body. B: Cross section in anterior half of body with genital system. C: Longitudinal section of rhinophore. Note that most of the algal chloroplasts are already consumed. D: Cross section in posterior third of body. E: Prostate gland. F: Cross section of eye. Abbreviations: algl albumen gland, am ampulla, cagl capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, ga ganglia, glst glandular structure, go gonad, mugl mucous gland, pe penis, pha pharynx, prgl prostate gland, sugl subepithelial glands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097077/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Statocyst large, with one otolith.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4A8443754FBD45FF35FB23FB85FA9D" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,1698]" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="98815851754FBD45FF35FB23FDCCFAEE" box="[198,621,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Epithelia and glandular structures:</emphasis>
|
||
Epidermal cells with many vacuoles and very long and densely set cilia especially in anterior part of body and rhinophores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C6754FBD45FCDCFAFBFC2AFAC5" box="[815,907,1312,1338]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,394,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-177@4.[151,1436,394,1808]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: Histology of organ systems. A: Cross section in the anterior third of body. B: Cross section in anterior half of body with genital system. C: Longitudinal section of rhinophore. Note that most of the algal chloroplasts are already consumed. D: Cross section in posterior third of body. E: Prostate gland. F: Cross section of eye. Abbreviations: algl albumen gland, am ampulla, cagl capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, ga ganglia, glst glandular structure, go gonad, mugl mucous gland, pe penis, pha pharynx, prgl prostate gland, sugl subepithelial glands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097077/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tip of rhinophores with larger subepithelial glandular cells having homogeneously light bluish stained contents (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C6754FBD45FC49FA93FBB6FA9D" box="[954,1047,1352,1378]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,394,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-177@4.[151,1436,394,1808]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: Histology of organ systems. A: Cross section in the anterior third of body. B: Cross section in anterior half of body with genital system. C: Longitudinal section of rhinophore. Note that most of the algal chloroplasts are already consumed. D: Cross section in posterior third of body. E: Prostate gland. F: Cross section of eye. Abbreviations: algl albumen gland, am ampulla, cagl capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, ga ganglia, glst glandular structure, go gonad, mugl mucous gland, pe penis, pha pharynx, prgl prostate gland, sugl subepithelial glands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097077/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4A8443754FBD45FF35FAABFEA5F9D5" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,1698]" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Subepthelial glandular follicles beneath epidermis of body composed of several large cells. Contents of these cells staining violet, indicating mucus. Cerata epithelium with very flat cells. Few glandular cells staining more homogenously dark violet present subepithelially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C6754FBD45FCAAFA1BFC19FA25" box="[857,952,1472,1498]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,394,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-177@4.[151,1436,394,1808]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: Histology of organ systems. A: Cross section in the anterior third of body. B: Cross section in anterior half of body with genital system. C: Longitudinal section of rhinophore. Note that most of the algal chloroplasts are already consumed. D: Cross section in posterior third of body. E: Prostate gland. F: Cross section of eye. Abbreviations: algl albumen gland, am ampulla, cagl capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, ga ganglia, glst glandular structure, go gonad, mugl mucous gland, pe penis, pha pharynx, prgl prostate gland, sugl subepithelial glands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097077/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anterior pedal glands present as subepithelial glandular follicles staining violet to red. Number of these pedal glandular follicles high throughout foot sole.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4A8443754FBD45FF35F9E3FA37F95D" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,1698]" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">
|
||
A special glandular structure starting in middle of body and stretching along whole posterior body part on top of gonad and albumen gland (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C6754FBD45FDD8F9BBFD2AF985" box="[555,651,1632,1658]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,394,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-177@4.[151,1436,394,1808]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: Histology of organ systems. A: Cross section in the anterior third of body. B: Cross section in anterior half of body with genital system. C: Longitudinal section of rhinophore. Note that most of the algal chloroplasts are already consumed. D: Cross section in posterior third of body. E: Prostate gland. F: Cross section of eye. Abbreviations: algl albumen gland, am ampulla, cagl capsule gland, ce ceras, dgl digestive gland, ga ganglia, glst glandular structure, go gonad, mugl mucous gland, pe penis, pha pharynx, prgl prostate gland, sugl subepithelial glands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097077/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gland composed of follicles with round cells characterized by a large nucleus and large, non- or slightly bluish-staining vacuoles. Neither ducts nor outside opening observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4A8443754FBD45FF64F903FEF7F90E" blockId="5.[151,1436,1752,2018]" box="[151,342,1752,1777]" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="98815851754FBD45FF64F903FEF7F90E" box="[151,342,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Biological notes</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4A8443754FBD46FF35F8DBFACAFD6D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1752,2018]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,152,1944]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="98815851754FBD45FF35F8DBFE91F8E6" box="[198,304,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Feeding:</emphasis>
|
||
To observe feeding, two slugs were chosen, which had been kept without algae for four days. Several fresh algal tubes were collected the day before starting the experiment. When these algae were offered,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF5FFC0754FBD45FF0AF88BFE41F896" authority="Grzymbowski & Stemmer & Wägele, 2007" authorityName="Grzymbowski & Stemmer & Wägele" authorityYear="2007" box="[249,480,1872,1897]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="5" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kencolesi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="98815851754FBD45FF0AF88BFE41F896" box="[249,480,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="8">Ercolania kencolesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="83B2E52A754FBD45FE14F88BFDE0F895" box="[487,577,1872,1898]" pageId="5" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
crawled on top of the first third of one algal tube, sat there for about three to four minutes with the ventral part of the head firmly attached to the alga. In these minutes, the slug pierced the algal cell wall (a process that could not be directly observed) and then started to push the head into the alga. After seven minutes the slug had penetrated completely into the tube. Within the algal tube, it moved immediately to the proximal part of the alga, next to the attachment to the coral rubble. A broad transparent creeping track could be observed, where the chloroplasts were missing. The slug then turned round and crawled to the tip of the algal sac, slurping the chloroplast layer at the inner wall of the alga and leaving a second transparent track. It crawled up and down while slurping the cell sap. The mouth opened regularly for this action. After 45 minutes, 2/3 of the whole sac was sucked out by the slug. After 70 minutes most of the chloroplast layer was consumed. Even after that time the slug still crawled from the bottom to the top, searching for untouched areas within the algal sac. After 80 minutes it stopped searching and was crawling rather lazily. We observed sucking movements now and then, but the slug did not take up any of the small patches of chloroplasts which were still recognizable (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C6754CBD46FDADFE03FD18FE0D" box="[606,697,472,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,397,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-167@3.[151,1436,397,1870]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: Living animals from Lizard Island; A: Animal freshly taken out of algal tube; length about 5 mm. B: Animal starved for 4 days; length about 3 mm. C: Animal within algal tube of Boergesenia after two hours; D: Two egg masses laid after 3 days since intrusion of animal into algal tube. E: Animal and egg mass within algal tube after two days." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097072/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
). After 18 hours, even those patches were gone (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C6754CBD46FB03FE03FAE9FE0D" box="[1264,1352,472,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,397,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-167@3.[151,1436,397,1870]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: Living animals from Lizard Island; A: Animal freshly taken out of algal tube; length about 5 mm. B: Animal starved for 4 days; length about 3 mm. C: Animal within algal tube of Boergesenia after two hours; D: Two egg masses laid after 3 days since intrusion of animal into algal tube. E: Animal and egg mass within algal tube after two days." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097072/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
). After consumption of the cell contents, the slug remained in the alga, which did not collapse. Two days after the intrusion, an egg clutch attached to the algal cell wall was observed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C6754CBD46FC4EFDF3FBB7FDBD" box="[957,1046,552,578]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,397,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-167@3.[151,1436,397,1870]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: Living animals from Lizard Island; A: Animal freshly taken out of algal tube; length about 5 mm. B: Animal starved for 4 days; length about 3 mm. C: Animal within algal tube of Boergesenia after two hours; D: Two egg masses laid after 3 days since intrusion of animal into algal tube. E: Animal and egg mass within algal tube after two days." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097072/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
). In another experiment,
|
||
<specimenCount id="BCF34FCA754CBD46FACDFDF3FA3AFDBD" box="[1342,1435,552,578]" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" type="egg">two egg</specimenCount>
|
||
clutches were laid after two and a half days (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C6754CBD46FD44FD8BFCB6FD95" box="[695,791,592,618]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,397,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-167@3.[151,1436,397,1870]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: Living animals from Lizard Island; A: Animal freshly taken out of algal tube; length about 5 mm. B: Animal starved for 4 days; length about 3 mm. C: Animal within algal tube of Boergesenia after two hours; D: Two egg masses laid after 3 days since intrusion of animal into algal tube. E: Animal and egg mass within algal tube after two days." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097072/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
). In both experiments, the slugs left the algal sac and intruded into another algal tube. These were sucked out immediately in the same way as described above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4A8443754CBD46FF35FD7BFD06FC7D" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="98815851754CBD46FF35FD7BFECFFD46" box="[198,366,671,697]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">Reproduction:</emphasis>
|
||
For copulation experiments, two animals of similar size (about
|
||
<quantity id="6D0D29A6754CBD46FB83FD7BFB16FD45" box="[1136,1207,672,698]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
) were chosen. One was taken out of an algal sac; another was sitting outside of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF5FFC0754CBD46FC9EFD13FC5FFD1E" authorityName="Feldmann" authorityYear="1950" box="[877,1022,712,737]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Siphonocladaceae" genus="Boergesenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cladophorales" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="98815851754CBD46FC9EFD13FC5FFD1E" box="[877,1022,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">Boergesenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Copulation started with a head to head contact. The rhinophores were touching each other and a few seconds later the animals came to lie side by side with their heads. The penis of one animal was inserted into the body of the other animal. It was not possible to observe whether copulation was reciprocal. This process was observed several times while these animals were kept together for several hours.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4A8443754CBD46FF35FC4BFC52FB8D" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Egg lying was observed within the algal sac several times, but also occurred free in the aquaria when no algae were available. The egg mass is a cylindrical tube (up to
|
||
<quantity id="6D0D29A6754CBD46FC7FFC63FC73FC2D" box="[908,978,952,978]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter) coiled anticlockwise into planar spirals of two and a half whorls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C6754CBD46FD9FFC3BFCA4FC05" box="[620,773,992,1018]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,397,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-167@3.[151,1436,397,1870]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: Living animals from Lizard Island; A: Animal freshly taken out of algal tube; length about 5 mm. B: Animal starved for 4 days; length about 3 mm. C: Animal within algal tube of Boergesenia after two hours; D: Two egg masses laid after 3 days since intrusion of animal into algal tube. E: Animal and egg mass within algal tube after two days." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097072/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">Figs. 1D, 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is attached to the inner wall of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF5FFC0754CBD46FB51FC3BFA35FC06" authorityName="J.Feldmann" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Harvey Feldmann" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[1186,1428,992,1017]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Siphonocladaceae" genus="Boergesenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cladophorales" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="forbesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="98815851754CBD46FB51FC3BFA35FC06" box="[1186,1428,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">Boergesenia forbesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Usually one animal laid
|
||
<specimenCount id="BCF34FCA754CBD46FE4AFBD3FDB6FBDD" box="[441,535,1032,1058]" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" type="egg">two egg</specimenCount>
|
||
masses inside the same algal sac. Egg masses measure
|
||
<quantity id="6D0D29A6754CBD46FB5FFBD3FAAFFBDD" box="[1196,1294,1032,1058]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter and contain around
|
||
<specimenCount id="BCF34FCA754CBD46FE8DFBEBFE7AFBB5" box="[382,475,1072,1098]" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" type="egg">500 egg</specimenCount>
|
||
capsules, each with one white egg (size about
|
||
<quantity id="6D0D29A6754CBD46FC0FFBEBFBF9FBB5" box="[1020,1112,1072,1098]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 µm</quantity>
|
||
) inside. Capsules are rather spherical and measure around
|
||
<quantity id="6D0D29A6754CBD46FE08FB83FDEEFB8D" box="[507,591,1112,1138]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="215.0">215µm</quantity>
|
||
(measurements taken from
|
||
<specimenCount id="BCF34FCA754CBD46FC65FB83FC47FB8D" box="[918,998,1112,1138]" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" type="egg">5 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4A8443754CBD46FF35FB5BFB7AFAC3" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="98815851754CBD46FF35FB5BFEC0FB66" box="[198,353,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">Development</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C6754CBD46FE83FB5BFE5CFB65" box="[368,509,1152,1178]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1745,1769]" captionTargetBox="[279,1359,188,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-73@7.[193,1391,176,1739]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: larval development and adult radula. A: Veliger larva (day 5), lateral view after hatching from egg mass. B: Frontal view of similar developmental stage. C: Radula of paratype. Note the two preradular teeth (arrow). Abbreviations: dgl digestive gland, e eye, op operculum, st statocyst, yo yolk." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097079/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">Figs. 3A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
): Spawning took place in July under laboratory conditions.
|
||
<specimenCount id="BCF34FCA754CBD46FB40FB5BFAA3FB65" box="[1203,1282,1152,1178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" type="egg">14 egg</specimenCount>
|
||
masses were observed until their free-swimming larval stage. Egg masses were kept at room temperature (around 20°C) in small vials. Water was changed every two days. Cleavage of eggs happened within several hours and first preveliger were observed after one day. Veliger stage was observed on the 3
|
||
<superScript id="5D80290B754CBD46FC15FB23FC52FAF9" attach="left" box="[998,1011,1272,1286]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">rd</superScript>
|
||
day after spawning; eyes developed one day later. Shell of preveliger and veliger measured around
|
||
<quantity id="6D0D29A6754CBD46FC85FAF9FB82FAC3" box="[886,1059,1314,1340]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="135.0" valueMax="140.0" valueMin="130.0">130 to 140 µm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C6754CBD46FBC0FAF9FB6DFAC3" box="[1075,1228,1314,1340]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1745,1769]" captionTargetBox="[279,1359,188,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-73@7.[193,1391,176,1739]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: larval development and adult radula. A: Veliger larva (day 5), lateral view after hatching from egg mass. B: Frontal view of similar developmental stage. C: Radula of paratype. Note the two preradular teeth (arrow). Abbreviations: dgl digestive gland, e eye, op operculum, st statocyst, yo yolk." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097079/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">Figs. 3A, 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4A8443754CBD46FF64FA91FE61F9FB" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">
|
||
After five days, egg masses started to disintegrate and free-swimming larvae were observed within the algal sac. The algal sac disintegrates at the same time; therefore free-swimming larvae escape soon from the alga and tend to swim towards the light. Unfortunately, these larvae were trapped at the water surface and died soon after. Settlement of larvae could not be observed, even in bowls, where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF5FFC0754CBD46FBD3FA18FAB3FA23" authorityName="J.Feldmann" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Harvey Feldmann" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[1056,1298,1475,1500]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Siphonocladaceae" genus="Boergesenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cladophorales" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="forbesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="98815851754CBD46FBD3FA18FAB3FA23" box="[1056,1298,1475,1500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">Boergesenia forbesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the food of the adults was offered.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4A8443754CBD46FF35F9C8FECAF907" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="98815851754CBD46FF35F9C8FD68F9D3" box="[198,713,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">Measurements of the photosynthetic activity</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C6754CBD46FD2AF9C9FCC7F9D3" box="[729,870,1554,1580]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1233,1257]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,245,1190]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: Measurements of photosynthetic activity during a period of starvation interrupted with a period of four days, where feeding on Boergesenia was allowed. A: Yield values of photosynthesis measured over time. B: Ground fluorescence of photosynthesis (F0 [mV]) measured over time. Decline of values indicates the decrease of numbers of chloroplasts. Note the increase of ground fluorescence after feeding." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097083/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">Figs. 4A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C6754CBD46FC89F9C9FC50F9D3" box="[890,1009,1554,1580]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1233,1257]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,245,1190]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: Measurements of photosynthetic activity during a period of starvation interrupted with a period of four days, where feeding on Boergesenia was allowed. A: Yield values of photosynthesis measured over time. B: Ground fluorescence of photosynthesis (F0 [mV]) measured over time. Decline of values indicates the decrease of numbers of chloroplasts. Note the increase of ground fluorescence after feeding." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097083/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">Figure 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
shows the yield values of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF5FFC0754CBD46FADBF9C8FEA5F9AB" authority="Grzymbowski & Stemmer & Wägele, 2007" authorityName="Grzymbowski & Stemmer & Wägele" authorityYear="2007" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kencolesi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="98815851754CBD46FADBF9C8FEA5F9AB" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">Ercolania kencolesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="83B2E52A754CBD46FEFEF9E1FEC9F9AB" box="[269,360,1594,1620]" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="754E3AE1754CBD46FE89F9E1FE4BF9AB" box="[378,490,1594,1620]" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) plotted versus the number of cultivation days under starving conditions in the aquarium. The yield values of all investigated specimens are on a very low level around 0.1. The ground fluorescence values (F
|
||
<subScript id="36718606754CBD46FE84F940FEDEF956" attach="left" box="[375,383,1691,1705]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">0</subScript>
|
||
[mV]) plotted against the number of cultivation days under starving conditions in the aquarium decrease quickly from an average of about 150 mV in the beginning to approximately 20 mV after 10 days (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C6754CBD46FEF2F905FEFFF907" box="[257,350,1758,1784]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1233,1257]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,245,1190]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: Measurements of photosynthetic activity during a period of starvation interrupted with a period of four days, where feeding on Boergesenia was allowed. A: Yield values of photosynthesis measured over time. B: Ground fluorescence of photosynthesis (F0 [mV]) measured over time. Decline of values indicates the decrease of numbers of chloroplasts. Note the increase of ground fluorescence after feeding." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097083/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4A8443754CBD46FF35F8DDFC24F867" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Starved and pale animals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF5FFC0754CBD46FDEDF8DDFCA8F8E0" authority="Grzymbowski & Stemmer & Wägele, 2007" authorityName="Grzymbowski & Stemmer & Wägele" authorityYear="2007" box="[542,777,1798,1823]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Ercolania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kencolesi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="98815851754CBD46FDEDF8DDFCA8F8E0" box="[542,777,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">Ercolania kencolesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="83B2E52A754CBD46FCE0F8DDFCD1F8DF" box="[787,880,1798,1824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
with photosynthetic activity approaching zero were allowed to feed again on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF5FFC0754CBD46FE0EF8F5FD51F8B8" authorityName="J.Feldmann" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Harvey Feldmann" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[509,752,1838,1863]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Siphonocladaceae" genus="Boergesenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cladophorales" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="forbesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="98815851754CBD46FE0EF8F5FD51F8B8" box="[509,752,1838,1863]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">Boergesenia forbesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for four days. Their green colouration returned and values of their photosynthetic activity (yield) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C6754CBD46FD90F88DFD60F88F" box="[611,705,1878,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1233,1257]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,245,1190]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: Measurements of photosynthetic activity during a period of starvation interrupted with a period of four days, where feeding on Boergesenia was allowed. A: Yield values of photosynthesis measured over time. B: Ground fluorescence of photosynthesis (F0 [mV]) measured over time. Decline of values indicates the decrease of numbers of chloroplasts. Note the increase of ground fluorescence after feeding." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097083/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
), as well as ground fluorescence (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32CE98C6754CBD46FBBFF88DFB09F88F" box="[1100,1192,1878,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1233,1257]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,245,1190]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4: Ercolania kencolesi sp. nov.: Measurements of photosynthetic activity during a period of starvation interrupted with a period of four days, where feeding on Boergesenia was allowed. A: Yield values of photosynthesis measured over time. B: Ground fluorescence of photosynthesis (F0 [mV]) measured over time. Decline of values indicates the decrease of numbers of chloroplasts. Note the increase of ground fluorescence after feeding." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5097083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5097083/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
), increased, but after one to two days of starvation the activity declined to zero again.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |