1666 lines
135 KiB
XML
1666 lines
135 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.44.63848" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67a9919a-a451-4ebd-b395-56f98e515ed0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181595902" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2367-5365-44-99" ID-Pensoft-UUID="DFD2A417E5E15452AED128BEBED3C8AA" ID-ZooBank="2DE821FE01E9401C971B6AC3829A8204" ModsDocID="2367-5365-44-99" checkinTime="1619271425578" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Nieukerken, Erik j. van, Wullaert, Steve, Lee, Bong-Woo & Bryner, Rudolf" docDate="2021" docId="82AADE4A5DDF584F9C0A42C1EF854F15" docLanguage="en" docName="NotaLepidopt 44: 99-121" docOrigin="Nota Lepidopterologica 44" docPubDate="2021-04-23" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.44.63848" docTitle="Antispilina ludwigi Hering 1941" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="DFD2A417E5E15452AED128BEBED3C8AA" lastPageNumber="99" masterDocId="DFD2A417E5E15452AED128BEBED3C8AA" masterDocTitle="Antispilina ludwigi Hering, 1941 (Lepidoptera, Heliozelidae) a rare but overlooked European leaf miner of Bistorta officinalis (Polygonaceae): new records, redescription, biology and conservation" masterLastPageNumber="121" masterPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1643425463375" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Antispilina ludwigi Hering, 1941 (Lepidoptera, Heliozelidae) a rare but overlooked European leaf miner of Bistorta officinalis (Polygonaceae): new records, redescription, biology and conservation</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Nieukerken, Erik j. van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9557, NL- 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; nieukerken @ naturalis. nl</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wullaert, Steve</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Weg naar Bijloos 15, B- 3530 Houthalen, Belgium; sw. demijnen @ gmail. com - www. bladmineerders. be</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lee, Bong-Woo</mods:namePart>
|
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<mods:affiliation>Korea National Arboretum, 415 Gwangneungsumokweon-ro, Soheul, Pocheon, Gyeonggi-Prov., 11186 South Korea; eucosma @ korea. kr</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bryner, Rudolf</mods:namePart>
|
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<mods:affiliation>Bergluftweg 19, CH- 2505 Biel, Switzerland; rbryner @ bluewin. ch</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Nota Lepidopterologica</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2021-04-23</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>44</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>99</mods:start>
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<mods:end>121</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.44.63848</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.44.63848</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2367-5365-44-99</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">2DE821FE01E9401C971B6AC3829A8204</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">DFD2A417E5E15452AED128BEBED3C8AA</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="181595902" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82AADE4A5DDF584F9C0A42C1EF854F15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/82AADE4A5DDF584F9C0A42C1EF854F15" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName LSID="82AADE4A-5DDF-584F-9C0A-42C1EF854F15" authority="Hering" authorityName="Hering" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispilina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispilina ludwigi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludwigi">Antispilina ludwigi Hering</taxonomicName>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hering" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispilina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispilina ludwigi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludwigi">Antispilina ludwigi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hering, 1941:19. Holotype ♂,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Germany</emphasis>
|
||
: [Hessen] "Dillkreis, Im Feuerhack bei Waldaubach", emerged 20 March 1941. Mines 29 July 1940,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Polygonum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polygonum bistorta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bistorta">Polygonum bistorta</taxonomicName>
|
||
[MfN] [examined]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hering" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispilina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispilina ludwigi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludwigi">Antispilina ludwigi</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ludwig, A" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen aus dem Landesmuseums fuer Naturkunde zu Muenster in Westfalen" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 48" publicationUrl="http://www.lwl.org/wmfn-download/Abhandlungen/Abh_15(2)1952.pdf" refId="B30" refString="Ludwig, A, 1952. Die Blattminen des Siegerlandes und der angrenzenden gebiete. Abhandlungen aus dem Landesmuseums fuer Naturkunde zu Muenster in Westfalen 15: 1 - 48, http://www.lwl.org/wmfn-download/Abhandlungen/Abh_15(2)1952.pdf" title="Die Blattminen des Siegerlandes und der angrenzenden gebiete." url="http://www.lwl.org/wmfn-download/Abhandlungen/Abh_15(2)1952.pdf" volume="15" year="1952">Ludwig 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 24;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Grabe, A" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift der Wiener Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B18" refString="Grabe, A, 1955. Fauna und Flora des rheinisch-westfaelischen Industriegebietes, 2. Kleinschmetterlinge des Ruhrgebietes. Mitteilungen aus dem Ruhrlandmuseum der Stadt Essen 177: i-xv, 1-159." title="Fauna und Flora des rheinisch-westfaelischen Industriegebietes, 2. Kleinschmetterlinge des Ruhrgebietes. Mitteilungen aus dem Ruhrlandmuseum der Stadt Essen 177: i-xv, 1 - 159." year="1955">Grabe 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 100;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Buhr, H" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Goerlitz" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 72" refId="B5" refString="Buhr, H, 1964. Saechsische Minen. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Goerlitz 39: 1 - 72" title="Saechsische Minen." volume="39" year="1964">Buhr 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 37 [Sachsen];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wojtusiak, J" journalOrPublisher="Klucze do Oznaczania Owadow Polski" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="3 - 18" refId="B52" refString="Wojtusiak, J, 1976. Heliozelidae. Klucze do Oznaczania Owadow Polski 27: 3 - 18" title="Heliozelidae." volume="27" year="1976">Wojtusiak 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 9 [Poland, key, description, genitalia + adult ill.];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Razowski, J" journalOrPublisher="Monografie Fauny Polski" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 137" refId="B43" refString="Razowski, J, 1978. Motyle (Lepidoptera) Polski. Czesc 3. Heteroneura, Adeloidea. [Moths (Lepidoptera) of Poland. Part 3. Heteroneura, Adeloidea.]. Monografie Fauny Polski 8: 1 - 137" title="Motyle (Lepidoptera) Polski. Czesc 3. Heteroneura, Adeloidea. [Moths (Lepidoptera) of Poland. Part 3. Heteroneura, Adeloidea.]." volume="8" year="1978">Razowski 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 91. [Poland, redescription, ill];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lastuvka, Z" journalOrPublisher="Konvoj, Brno" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B26" refString="Lastuvka, Z, 1998. Checklist of Lepidoptera of the Czech and Slovak Republics. Konvoj, Brno" title="Checklist of Lepidoptera of the Czech and Slovak Republics." year="1998">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Laštůvka">Lastuvka</normalizedToken>
|
||
1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 17 [Czech Republic, checklist];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gaedike, R" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte Beiheft" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 216" refId="B13" refString="Gaedike, R, Heinicke, W, 1999. Verzeichnis der Schmetterlinge Deutschlands (Entomofauna Germanica 3). Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte Beiheft 5: 1 - 216" title="Verzeichnis der Schmetterlinge Deutschlands (Entomofauna Germanica 3)." volume="5" year="1999">Gaedike and Heinicke 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 43 [Germany, catalogue];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Liska, J" journalOrPublisher="Klapalekiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="161 - 169" publicationUrl="http://www.entomologicalservice.com/files/24_Liska_et_al.2000_FRC_101.pdf" refId="B29" refString="Liska, J, Lastuvka, Z, Elsner, G, Elsner, V, Vavra, J, Dufek, T, Gregor, F, Jalanovsky, M, Jaros, J, Lastuvka, A, Marek, J, Petru, M, Skyva, J, Sumpich, J, 2000. Faunistic records from the Czech Republic - 101. Lepidoptera. Klapalekiana 36: 161 - 169, http://www.entomologicalservice.com/files/24_Liska_et_al.2000_FRC_101.pdf" title="Faunistic records from the Czech Republic - 101. Lepidoptera." url="http://www.entomologicalservice.com/files/24_Liska_et_al.2000_FRC_101.pdf" volume="36" year="2000">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Liška">Liska</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: [Czech Republic];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Borkowski, A" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen Westdeutscher Entomologentag" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="85 - 92" refId="B3" refString="Borkowski, A, 2003a. Minierende Lepidopteren aus dem westlichen Teil der Sudeten (Lep., Eriocraniidae, Heliozelidae, Bucculatricidae und Lyonetiidae). Verhandlungen Westdeutscher Entomologentag 2002: 85 - 92" title="Minierende Lepidopteren aus dem westlichen Teil der Sudeten (Lep., Eriocraniidae, Heliozelidae, Bucculatricidae und Lyonetiidae)." volume="2002" year="2003 a">Borkowski 2003a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 88 [Poland];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Borkowski, A" journalOrPublisher="Przyroda Sudetow Zachodnich" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="109 - 118" refId="B4" refString="Borkowski, A, 2003b. Motyle minujace Sudetow Zachodnich. Czesc 4. Przyczynki do rodzin Eriocraniidae, Heliozelidae i Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera). Minierende Lepidopteren der Westsudeten. Teil 4. Beitraege zu den Familien Eriocraniidae, Heliozelidae und Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera). Przyroda Sudetow Zachodnich 6: 109 - 118" title="Motyle minujace Sudetow Zachodnich. Czesc 4. Przyczynki do rodzin Eriocraniidae, Heliozelidae i Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera). Minierende Lepidopteren der Westsudeten. Teil 4. Beitraege zu den Familien Eriocraniidae, Heliozelidae und Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera)." volume="6" year="2003 b">Borkowski 2003b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 113 [Poland, photographs adults and mines];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ivinskis, P" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B22" refString="Ivinskis, P, 2004. Lepidoptera of Lithuania. Annotated catalogue. Lietuvos drugiai (Lepidoptera). Katalogas. Vilniaus Universiteto Ekologijos Institutas, Vilnius: 379 pp." title="Lepidoptera of Lithuania. Annotated catalogue. Lietuvos drugiai (Lepidoptera). Katalogas. Vilniaus Universiteto Ekologijos Institutas, Vilnius: 379 pp." year="2004">Ivinskis 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 36 [Lithuania];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Buszko, J" journalOrPublisher="Wiadomosci Entomologiczne (Entomological News)" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="245 - 246" publicationUrl="http://pte.au.poznan.pl/we/2016/35_26_communikations_eng.pdf" refId="B7" refString="Buszko, J, Palka, K, 2016. Nowe stanowiska Antispilina ludwigi M. Hering, 1941 (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) w Polsce. New records of Antispilina ludwigi M. Hering, 1941 (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) in Poland. Wiadomosci Entomologiczne (Entomological News) 35: 245 - 246, http://pte.au.poznan.pl/we/2016/35_26_communikations_eng.pdf" title="Nowe stanowiska Antispilina ludwigi M. Hering, 1941 (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) w Polsce. New records of Antispilina ludwigi M. Hering, 1941 (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) in Poland." url="http://pte.au.poznan.pl/we/2016/35_26_communikations_eng.pdf" volume="35" year="2016">
|
||
Buszko and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pałka">Palka</normalizedToken>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 245 [Poland];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gaedike, R" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte Beiheft" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 362" refId="B14" refString="Gaedike, R, Nuss, M, Steiner, A, Trusch, R, 2017. Verzeichnis der Schmetterlinge Deutschlands (Lepidoptera). 2. ueberarbeitete Auflage. Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte Beiheft 21: 1 - 362" title="Verzeichnis der Schmetterlinge Deutschlands (Lepidoptera). 2. ueberarbeitete Auflage." volume="21" year="2017">Gaedike et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 24 [Germany, catalogue];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Buszko, J" journalOrPublisher="Polish Entomological Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 222" refId="B8" refString="Buszko, J, Nowacki, J, 2017. A distributional checklist of the Lepidoptera of Poland. Polish Entomological Monographs 13: 1 - 222" title="A distributional checklist of the Lepidoptera of Poland." volume="13" year="2017">Buszko and Nowacki 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 17 [Poland, catalogue]; van Nieukerken 2018: https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/6b71a06e-5ecb-48b6-84f0-45462a9d4604 [Europe, catalogue];
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lastuvka, A" journalOrPublisher="Academia Publishing House, Praha" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B25" refString="Lastuvka, A, Lastuvka, Z, Liska, J, Sumpich, J, 2018. Motyli a housenky stredni Evropy V. Drobni motyli I. Academia Publishing House, Praha" title="Motyli a housenky stredni Evropy V. Drobni motyli I." year="2018">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Laštůvka">Lastuvka</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 121-122 [Czech Republic, colour illustrations]; Bryner in Lepiforum 2003-2021: http://www.lepiforum.de/lepiwiki.pl?Antispilina_Ludwigi [Switzerland, photographs all stages, genitalia and mines]; Werkgroep Bladmineerders 2020: http://www.bladmineerders.be/nl/content/antispilina-ludwigi-m-hering-1941 [Belgium, photographs mines, larvae], De Prins and Steeman 2003-2021: https://projects.biodiversity.be/lepidoptera/species/5448/ [Belgium, catalogue].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hering" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Antispilina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispilina ludwigi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludwigi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Antispilina ludwigi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a small completely dark grey-black moth, including the forewing fringe, with a narrow silver fascia at one-third and two opposite silver spots at two-thirds, resembling
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Antispila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. The small size (4-5 mm wingspan) and the dark colour separate
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polygonaceae" genus="A." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. ludwigi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludwigi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A. ludwigi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the larger
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Antispila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispila" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Antispila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (4.8-9 mm), that also have a distinct fringe line and white forewing fringe.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Walsingham & Durrant, 1909" authorityName="Walsingham & Durrant" authorityYear="1909" baseAuthorityName="Stainton" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Holocacista" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Holocacista rivillei" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="rivillei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Holocacista rivillei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Stainton, 1855) is about the same size, but the fascia is usually divided, it has also a white fringe, and the male foretibia bears a small epiphysis and it is not so dark. The latter species occurs in Mediterranean habitats with wild or cultivated grapevine (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vitis vinifera" order="Rhamnales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="vinifera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Vitis vinifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.), whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polygonaceae" genus="A." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. ludwigi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludwigi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A. ludwigi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is confined to poor grasslands and moors, mostly in mountains. A key was provided by van
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/nl.41.22264" author="Nieukerken, EJ van" journalOrPublisher="Nota Lepidopterologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="39 - 86" refId="B40" refString="Nieukerken, EJ van, Lees, DC, Doorenweerd, C, Koster, JCS, Bryner, R, Schreurs, A, Timmermans, MJTN, Sattler, K, 2018. Two European Cornus feeding leafmining moths, Antispila petryi Martini, 1899, sp. rev. and A. treitschkiella (Fischer von Roeslerstamm, 1843) (Lepidoptera, Heliozelidae): an unjustified synonymy and overlooked range expansion. Nota Lepidopterologica 41: 39 - 86, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/nl.41.22264" title="Two European Cornus feeding leafmining moths, Antispila petryi Martini, 1899, sp. rev. and A. treitschkiella (Fischer von Roeslerstamm, 1843) (Lepidoptera, Heliozelidae): an unjustified synonymy and overlooked range expansion." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/nl.41.22264" volume="41" year="2018">Nieukerken et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The leafmine is the only blotch mine known on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Bistorta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bistorta officinalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="officinalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bistorta officinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but early mines may sometimes be confused with the reddish circular patches caused by the fungus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dothideomycetes" family="Mycosphaerellaceae" genus="Ramularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ramularia bistortae" order="Capnodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="bistortae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ramularia bistortae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fuckel (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dothideomycetes" family="Mycosphaerellaceae" genus="Ramularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Capnodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="family">Mycosphaerellaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Mycosphaerellaceae" genus="Ramularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="phylum">Ascomycota</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ellis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Polish Entomological Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" publicationUrl="https://bladmineerders.nl/" refId="B10" refString="Ellis, WN, 2020. Plant Parasites of Europe, leafminers, galls and fungi. Plantparasieten van Europa, bladmineerders, gallen en schimmels. https://bladmineerders.nl/" title="Plant Parasites of Europe, leafminers, galls and fungi. Plantparasieten van Europa, bladmineerders, gallen en schimmels." url="https://bladmineerders.nl/" year="2020">Ellis 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (e.g. Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 26–33" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 26 - 33. Antispilina ludwigi, leafmines and larvae on Bistorta officinalis. 26, 27. France, Mt. Mezenc, 29. vii. 2009. 28, 29. France, Puy-de-Dome, Res. Nat. Chastreix-Sancy, resp. Roc de Courlande and Fontaine Salee, 13. vii. 2017. 30 - 33. Belgium, Rocherath, Naturschutzgebiet der Holzwarche, 23. vi. 2017. Photographs E. J. van Nieukerken (26 - 29), S. Wullaert (30 - 33)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures26-33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535536" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">26</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Male (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1, 2" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1, 2. Antispilina ludwigi, male and female. Switzerland, Bern, Rueeggisberg. Scale bar 1 mm. Photographs R. Bryner." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures1-2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535528" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 24–25" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 24 - 25. Antispilina ludwigi, live male, Switzerland, Saignelegier, 4. v. 2018. Photographs R. Bryner." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures24-25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535535" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">24</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 24–25" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 24 - 25. Antispilina ludwigi, live male, Switzerland, Saignelegier, 4. v. 2018. Photographs R. Bryner." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures24-25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535535" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">25</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forewing length 2.1-2.4 mm, wingspan ca. 4.5-5.0 mm. Head (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3–5" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 5. Antispilina ludwigi, male adult, morphological details, whole body slide EvN 4448. 3. Foreleg. 4. Head and mouthparts, lp: labial palp with 2 palpomeres; mp: maxillary palp, 1 - articled. 5. Head and antenna with 19 segments. Scale bars: 100 µm (1, 2), 200 µm (3). Photographs E. J. van Nieukerken." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures3-5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535529" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">3-5</figureCitation>
|
||
): frons with smooth scaling, bronzy-fuscous with brassy reflection; vertex bronzy-fuscous. Antenna reaching 2/3 of forewing, with 18-19 segments, basally covered with fuscous scales; scape pale brown ventrally with pecten consisting of 3 or 4 hairs. Labial palpus pale fuscous, comprising 2 palpomeres; maxillar palpi minute, 1-articled. Haustellum as long as head capsule. Thorax and tegulae brassy with metallic reflections, may appear silvery in some lighting. Legs dark grey, no white spots, epiphysis absent. Forewing almost jet-black, apically with brassy reflections, a silvery white, narrow outwardly oblique fascia at 1/5 to 1/4, usually constricted in middle; a silvery white small triangular dorsal spot at 1/2, and a squarish costal spot slightly beyond dorsal one; fringe grey with brassy reflection, fringe line absent. Hindwing and fringe dark grey. Abdomen greyish black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Female (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1, 2" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1, 2. Antispilina ludwigi, male and female. Switzerland, Bern, Rueeggisberg. Scale bar 1 mm. Photographs R. Bryner." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures1-2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535528" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forewing length 2.0-2.3 mm, wingspan ca. 4.2-5.0 mm. Abdomen apically pointed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures1-2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535528" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figures 1, 2" startId="F1">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figures 1, 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hering" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Antispilina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispilina ludwigi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludwigi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Antispilina ludwigi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male and female. Switzerland, Bern,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rüeggisberg">Rueeggisberg</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Scale bar 1 mm. Photographs R. Bryner.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures3-5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535529" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figures 3–5" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figures 3-5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hering" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Antispilina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispilina ludwigi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludwigi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Antispilina ludwigi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male adult, morphological details, whole body slide EvN4448.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">3.</emphasis>
|
||
Foreleg.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">4</emphasis>
|
||
. Head and mouthparts, lp: labial palp with 2 palpomeres; mp: maxillary palp, 1-articled.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">5.</emphasis>
|
||
Head and antenna with 19 segments. Scale bars: 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1, 2), 200
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(3). Photographs E.J. van Nieukerken.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Venation (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 6. Antispilina ludwigi, male venation, slide EvN 4676. Photograph E. J. van Nieukerken." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535530" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forewing: Sc poorly visible. R unbranched, a separate vein, to costa, but a persistent trachea connecting R with Rs+M+CuA. Rs+M+CuA ending in 4 rather indistinct branches, Rs1+2 to costa, Rs3+4 to termen, M and CuA to dorsum. Hindwing with Sc+R to costa, poorly visible, Rs+M with 3 branches, Rs indistinct, to costa, 2 branches of M to termen and dorsum; CuA a separate vein to dorsum; no visible Anal vein.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535530" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 6" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hering" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Antispilina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispilina ludwigi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludwigi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Antispilina ludwigi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male venation, slide EvN4676. Photograph E.J. van Nieukerken.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Male genitalia (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 7–9" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 7 - 9. Antispilina ludwigi, male genitalia, slide EvN 4448. 7. Ventral view, single exposure. 8. Stacked image from four individual exposures. 9. Detail, stack from two exposures. Scale bars 100 µm (7, 8), 50 µm (9). Photographs E. J. van Nieukerken." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures7-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535531" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">7</figureCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–13" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 10 - 13. Antispilina ludwigi, male genitalia, Germany, Hessen: Dillkreis. Drawn in glycerin. 10, 11. whole genitalia, phallus removed, lateral and ventral view. 12, 13. phallus, lateral and ventral view. Scale bar 100 µm. Art work Bong-Woo Lee." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures10-13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535532" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">13</figureCitation>
|
||
). Total length ca 530
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Vinculum well sclerotized, long, narrowest in middle, as long as valva or longer. Tegumen bilobed. Valva subtriangular with blunt apex, length twice width, stalked pecten ca. 2/3 from base of valva, with ca. 12-13 blunt sensilla, the number on each valva may differ. Transtilla with long sublateral processes and slightly bilobed posterior process. Juxta weakly sclerotized, three-pronged anteriorly. Phallus cylindrical, ca. 400
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, without cornuti, distal part slightly swollen, about as long as vinculum; phallocrypt spinose.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures7-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535531" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figures 7–9" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figures 7-9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hering" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Antispilina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispilina ludwigi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludwigi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Antispilina ludwigi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male genitalia, slide EvN4448.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">7.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view, single exposure.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">8.</emphasis>
|
||
Stacked image from four individual exposures.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">9.</emphasis>
|
||
Detail, stack from two exposures. Scale bars 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(7, 8), 50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(9). Photographs E.J. van Nieukerken.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures10-13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535532" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figures 10–13" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figures 10-13.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hering" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Antispilina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispilina ludwigi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludwigi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Antispilina ludwigi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male genitalia, Germany, Hessen: Dillkreis. Drawn in glycerin.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">10, 11.</emphasis>
|
||
whole genitalia, phallus removed, lateral and ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">12, 13.</emphasis>
|
||
phallus, lateral and ventral view. Scale bar 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Art work Bong-Woo Lee.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Female genitalia (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 14–17" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 14 - 17. Antispilina ludwigi, female genitalia, Germany, Hessen: Dillkreis. Drawn in glycerin. 14, 15. whole genitalia, lateral and ventral view. 16. vestibulum, ventral view. 17. Oviscapt, detail. Scale bars 200 µm, 50 µm (17). Art work Bong-Woo Lee." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures14-17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535533" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">14-17</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tip of oviscapt dorsoventrally flattened, with five cusps in total. Posterior apophyses slightly longer than anterior apophyses. Eighth sternum membranous, except narrow sclerotized region in distal part. Eighth tergite sclerotized, posterior part dorsally elevated, anterior end crooked, middle part projected anteriorly. Guy wire arising from middle part of vestibulum, as long as vestibulum. Vestibulum membranous with a pair of sclerotized rods.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures14-17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535533" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figures 14–17" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figures 14-17.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hering" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Antispilina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispilina ludwigi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludwigi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Antispilina ludwigi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female genitalia, Germany, Hessen: Dillkreis. Drawn in glycerin.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">14, 15.</emphasis>
|
||
whole genitalia, lateral and ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">16.</emphasis>
|
||
vestibulum, ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">17.</emphasis>
|
||
Oviscapt, detail. Scale bars 200
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(17). Art work Bong-Woo Lee.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Larva (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 18–23" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 18 - 23. Antispilina ludwigi, immature stages. 18, 19. Details of slide mounted caterpillar, probably 4 th instar, Poland, RMNH. INS. 12423; scale bars 100 µm. 20. Caterpillar, final feeding instar (4 th) in opened mine, Switzerland, St-Imier, 2. viii. 2017. 21. Non feeding instar (5 th) from opened shield, Switzerland, Saignelegier, 5. ii. 2018. 22. Caterpillar walking with shield, Switzerland, St-Imier, 3. viii. 2017. 23. Pupa in opened cocoon, Switzerland, Saignelegier, 4. v. 2018. Photographs E. J. van Nieukerken (18, 19), R. Bryner." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures18-23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535534" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">18-22</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 34–37" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 34 - 37. Antispilina ludwigi, leafmines and larvae on Bistorta officinalis and habitat. 34 - 36. Switzerland, Saignelegier, 4. viii. 2017. 37. Habitat in Switzerland, Jura, St-Imier, probably in flying time of Antispilina ludwigi, taken 21. vi. 2009. Photographs R. Bryner." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures34-37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535537" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">35</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body white, prothoracic plates and head pale brown. Prosternum and pronotum with ovate plates (sclerites) in what we assume are the 4th and 5th instars (see van
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.957.53908" author="Nieukerken, EJ van" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B38" refString="Nieukerken, EJ van, Eiseman, CS, 2020. Splitting the leafmining shield-bearer moth genus Antispila Huebner (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae): North American species with reduced venation placed in Aspilanta new genus, with a review of heliozelid morphology ZooKeys 957: 105-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.957.53908" title="Splitting the leafmining shield-bearer moth genus Antispila Huebner (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae): North American species with reduced venation placed in Aspilanta new genus, with a review of heliozelid morphology ZooKeys 957: 105 - 161." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.957.53908" year="2020">Nieukerken and Eiseman 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); earlier instars not examined in detail), other segments and prothorax outside the plates as well covered with small transverse swellings. Head width 4th instar ca 400
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Legs and prolegs absent. The 4th instar cuts out the flat cocoon or shield from pieces of the leafmine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures18-23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535534" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figures 18–23" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figures 18-23.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hering" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Antispilina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispilina ludwigi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludwigi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Antispilina ludwigi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, immature stages.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">18, 19.</emphasis>
|
||
Details of slide mounted caterpillar, probably 4th instar, Poland, RMNH.INS.12423; scale bars 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">20.</emphasis>
|
||
Caterpillar, final feeding instar (4th) in opened mine, Switzerland, St-Imier, 2.viii.2017.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">21.</emphasis>
|
||
Non feeding instar (5th) from opened shield, Switzerland,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Saignelégier">Saignelegier</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 5.ii.2018.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">22.</emphasis>
|
||
Caterpillar walking with shield, Switzerland, St-Imier, 3.viii.2017.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">23.</emphasis>
|
||
Pupa in opened cocoon, Switzerland,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Saignelégier">Saignelegier</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 4.v.2018. Photographs E.J. van Nieukerken (18, 19), R. Bryner.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Pupa (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 18–23" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 18 - 23. Antispilina ludwigi, immature stages. 18, 19. Details of slide mounted caterpillar, probably 4 th instar, Poland, RMNH. INS. 12423; scale bars 100 µm. 20. Caterpillar, final feeding instar (4 th) in opened mine, Switzerland, St-Imier, 2. viii. 2017. 21. Non feeding instar (5 th) from opened shield, Switzerland, Saignelegier, 5. ii. 2018. 22. Caterpillar walking with shield, Switzerland, St-Imier, 3. viii. 2017. 23. Pupa in opened cocoon, Switzerland, Saignelegier, 4. v. 2018. Photographs E. J. van Nieukerken (18, 19), R. Bryner." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures18-23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535534" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">23</figureCitation>
|
||
). Not studied in detail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Host plant. Snake-root (or Common Bistort),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Bistorta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bistorta officinalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="officinalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bistorta officinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Delarbre (=
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Polygonum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polygonum bistorta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bistorta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Polygonum bistorta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eudicots" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Persicaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Persicaria bistorta" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="bistorta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Persicaria bistorta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Samp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. F. Gray" authorityYear="1821" class="Insecta" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Bistorta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bistorta major" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bistorta major</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gray) (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Bistorta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Polygonaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures24-25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535535" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figures 24–25" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figures 24-25.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hering" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Antispilina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispilina ludwigi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludwigi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Antispilina ludwigi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, live male, Switzerland,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Saignelégier">Saignelegier</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 4.v.2018. Photographs R. Bryner.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Leafmine (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 26–33" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 26 - 33. Antispilina ludwigi, leafmines and larvae on Bistorta officinalis. 26, 27. France, Mt. Mezenc, 29. vii. 2009. 28, 29. France, Puy-de-Dome, Res. Nat. Chastreix-Sancy, resp. Roc de Courlande and Fontaine Salee, 13. vii. 2017. 30 - 33. Belgium, Rocherath, Naturschutzgebiet der Holzwarche, 23. vi. 2017. Photographs E. J. van Nieukerken (26 - 29), S. Wullaert (30 - 33)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures26-33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535536" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">26</figureCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 34–37" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 34 - 37. Antispilina ludwigi, leafmines and larvae on Bistorta officinalis and habitat. 34 - 36. Switzerland, Saignelegier, 4. viii. 2017. 37. Habitat in Switzerland, Jura, St-Imier, probably in flying time of Antispilina ludwigi, taken 21. vi. 2009. Photographs R. Bryner." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures34-37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535537" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">35</figureCitation>
|
||
). The exact oviposition site has not been determined, but in most cases this must be close to the midrib (87% of the French mines, n=251), or close to another large vein. The larva first makes a circular blotch close to the vein with the frass glued to the upper and under epidermis, resulting in a round red-brownish spot on both leaf surfaces. From there the mine enlarges into an elongated blotch mine, usually between lateral veins towards leaf margin; the blotch is further transparent and whitish in colour. From there the frass is more scattered, blackish, partly in clumps and no longer concentrated throughout the rest of the mine. The outer edges of the mine are irregularly eaten out and do not contain any frass. In many cases the mine is not larger than ca 1 cm, in thin leaves this can be larger. At the end the caterpillar returns to the round spot and makes there an elongate to circular leaf cut from both epidermal layers (reinforced by the frass) of ca. 3 mm long (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 26–33" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 26 - 33. Antispilina ludwigi, leafmines and larvae on Bistorta officinalis. 26, 27. France, Mt. Mezenc, 29. vii. 2009. 28, 29. France, Puy-de-Dome, Res. Nat. Chastreix-Sancy, resp. Roc de Courlande and Fontaine Salee, 13. vii. 2017. 30 - 33. Belgium, Rocherath, Naturschutzgebiet der Holzwarche, 23. vi. 2017. Photographs E. J. van Nieukerken (26 - 29), S. Wullaert (30 - 33)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures26-33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535536" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">32</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are often several mines per leaf, and mines regularly occur as
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“twins”">"twins"</normalizedToken>
|
||
at both sides of the midrib (e.g. Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 26–33" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figures 26 - 33. Antispilina ludwigi, leafmines and larvae on Bistorta officinalis. 26, 27. France, Mt. Mezenc, 29. vii. 2009. 28, 29. France, Puy-de-Dome, Res. Nat. Chastreix-Sancy, resp. Roc de Courlande and Fontaine Salee, 13. vii. 2017. 30 - 33. Belgium, Rocherath, Naturschutzgebiet der Holzwarche, 23. vi. 2017. Photographs E. J. van Nieukerken (26 - 29), S. Wullaert (30 - 33)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures26-33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535536" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">31</figureCitation>
|
||
). In some cases several mines converge into large communal mines, where several larvae may feed next to each other (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 34–37" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 34 - 37. Antispilina ludwigi, leafmines and larvae on Bistorta officinalis and habitat. 34 - 36. Switzerland, Saignelegier, 4. viii. 2017. 37. Habitat in Switzerland, Jura, St-Imier, probably in flying time of Antispilina ludwigi, taken 21. vi. 2009. Photographs R. Bryner." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures34-37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535537" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">35</figureCitation>
|
||
). Leaves with many mines are very conspicuous, even from a distance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures26-33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535536" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figures 26–33" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figures 26-33.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hering" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Antispilina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispilina ludwigi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludwigi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Antispilina ludwigi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, leafmines and larvae on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Bistorta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bistorta officinalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="officinalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bistorta officinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">26, 27.</emphasis>
|
||
France, Mt.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mézenc">Mezenc</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 29.vii.2009.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">28, 29.</emphasis>
|
||
France,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dome</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Res. Nat. Chastreix-Sancy, resp. Roc de Courlande and Fontaine
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Salée">Salee</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 13.vii.2017.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">30-33.</emphasis>
|
||
Belgium, Rocherath, Naturschutzgebiet der Holzwarche, 23.vi.2017. Photographs E.J. van Nieukerken (26-29), S. Wullaert (30-33).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
The larva crawls away with the shield (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 18–23" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 18 - 23. Antispilina ludwigi, immature stages. 18, 19. Details of slide mounted caterpillar, probably 4 th instar, Poland, RMNH. INS. 12423; scale bars 100 µm. 20. Caterpillar, final feeding instar (4 th) in opened mine, Switzerland, St-Imier, 2. viii. 2017. 21. Non feeding instar (5 th) from opened shield, Switzerland, Saignelegier, 5. ii. 2018. 22. Caterpillar walking with shield, Switzerland, St-Imier, 3. viii. 2017. 23. Pupa in opened cocoon, Switzerland, Saignelegier, 4. v. 2018. Photographs E. J. van Nieukerken (18, 19), R. Bryner." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures18-23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535534" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">22</figureCitation>
|
||
) and seeks a shelter, where it will moult inside the shield into the non-feeding 5th instar and later pupate. The larva probably attaches the shield to some plant material (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 34–37" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 34 - 37. Antispilina ludwigi, leafmines and larvae on Bistorta officinalis and habitat. 34 - 36. Switzerland, Saignelegier, 4. viii. 2017. 37. Habitat in Switzerland, Jura, St-Imier, probably in flying time of Antispilina ludwigi, taken 21. vi. 2009. Photographs R. Bryner." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures34-37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535537" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">36</figureCitation>
|
||
) as in the other genera in the
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Walsingham & Durrant, 1909" authorityName="Walsingham & Durrant" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Heliozelidae" genus="Holocacista" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Holocacista" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Holocacista</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group (van
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.957.53908" author="Nieukerken, EJ van" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B38" refString="Nieukerken, EJ van, Eiseman, CS, 2020. Splitting the leafmining shield-bearer moth genus Antispila Huebner (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae): North American species with reduced venation placed in Aspilanta new genus, with a review of heliozelid morphology ZooKeys 957: 105-161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.957.53908" title="Splitting the leafmining shield-bearer moth genus Antispila Huebner (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae): North American species with reduced venation placed in Aspilanta new genus, with a review of heliozelid morphology ZooKeys 957: 105 - 161." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.957.53908" year="2020">Nieukerken and Eiseman 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Larvae were found from June to September (own data;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Liska, J" journalOrPublisher="Klapalekiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="161 - 169" publicationUrl="http://www.entomologicalservice.com/files/24_Liska_et_al.2000_FRC_101.pdf" refId="B29" refString="Liska, J, Lastuvka, Z, Elsner, G, Elsner, V, Vavra, J, Dufek, T, Gregor, F, Jalanovsky, M, Jaros, J, Lastuvka, A, Marek, J, Petru, M, Skyva, J, Sumpich, J, 2000. Faunistic records from the Czech Republic - 101. Lepidoptera. Klapalekiana 36: 161 - 169, http://www.entomologicalservice.com/files/24_Liska_et_al.2000_FRC_101.pdf" title="Faunistic records from the Czech Republic - 101. Lepidoptera." url="http://www.entomologicalservice.com/files/24_Liska_et_al.2000_FRC_101.pdf" volume="36" year="2000">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Liška">Liska</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Borkowski, A" journalOrPublisher="Przyroda Sudetow Zachodnich" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="109 - 118" refId="B4" refString="Borkowski, A, 2003b. Motyle minujace Sudetow Zachodnich. Czesc 4. Przyczynki do rodzin Eriocraniidae, Heliozelidae i Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera). Minierende Lepidopteren der Westsudeten. Teil 4. Beitraege zu den Familien Eriocraniidae, Heliozelidae und Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera). Przyroda Sudetow Zachodnich 6: 109 - 118" title="Motyle minujace Sudetow Zachodnich. Czesc 4. Przyczynki do rodzin Eriocraniidae, Heliozelidae i Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera). Minierende Lepidopteren der Westsudeten. Teil 4. Beitraege zu den Familien Eriocraniidae, Heliozelidae und Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera)." volume="6" year="2003 b">Borkowski 2003b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Buszko, J" journalOrPublisher="Wiadomosci Entomologiczne (Entomological News)" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="245 - 246" publicationUrl="http://pte.au.poznan.pl/we/2016/35_26_communikations_eng.pdf" refId="B7" refString="Buszko, J, Palka, K, 2016. Nowe stanowiska Antispilina ludwigi M. Hering, 1941 (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) w Polsce. New records of Antispilina ludwigi M. Hering, 1941 (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) in Poland. Wiadomosci Entomologiczne (Entomological News) 35: 245 - 246, http://pte.au.poznan.pl/we/2016/35_26_communikations_eng.pdf" title="Nowe stanowiska Antispilina ludwigi M. Hering, 1941 (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) w Polsce. New records of Antispilina ludwigi M. Hering, 1941 (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) in Poland." url="http://pte.au.poznan.pl/we/2016/35_26_communikations_eng.pdf" volume="35" year="2016">
|
||
Buszko and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pałka">Palka</normalizedToken>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), earlier at lower altitudes, in the mountains most larvae were active in July. Reared adults always emerged after hibernation the next spring between March and June; one adult was swept from the hostplant on 27.v.2020 in the locality St. Imier at 1095 m (Switzerland). We assume that there is only one generation, with an extended period of larval feeding, and adults flying from April to June depending on altitude.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures34-37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535537" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figures 34–37" startId="F10">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figures 34-37.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hering" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Antispilina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispilina ludwigi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludwigi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Antispilina ludwigi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, leafmines and larvae on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Bistorta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bistorta officinalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="officinalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bistorta officinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and habitat.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">34-36.</emphasis>
|
||
Switzerland,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Saignelégier">Saignelegier</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 4.viii.2017.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">37.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitat in Switzerland, Jura, St-Imier, probably in flying time of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hering" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Antispilina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispilina ludwigi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludwigi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Antispilina ludwigi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, taken 21.vi.2009. Photographs R. Bryner.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="parasitoids">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Parasitoids.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
We only reared three specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schrank" authorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pnigalio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pnigalio" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Pnigalio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, identified by Hannes Baur) and one
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schrank" authorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pnigalio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Chalcidoidea">Chalcidoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, unidentified to lower taxon (identified by Seraina Klopfstein). All emerged in February from cocoons that were taken indoors in January (locality
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Saignelégier">Saignelegier</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Jura, Switzerland). No parasitoids emerged from the extensive breedings of French material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 40. Distribution of records of Antispilina ludwigi, including all literature records." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figure40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535539" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">40</figureCitation>
|
||
). Central Europe: recorded from Belgium, France, Switzerland, Germany, the Czech Republic, Poland and Lithuania.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
The species has previously only been found a few times: in Germany in a small area in Hessen and Nordrhein-Westfalen (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.48019410103" author="Hering, EM" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="10 - 23" refId="B20" refString="Hering, EM, 1941. Minenstudien 16. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1941: 10 - 23, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.48019410103" title="Minenstudien 16." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.48019410103" volume="1941" year="1941">Hering 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ludwig, A" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen aus dem Landesmuseums fuer Naturkunde zu Muenster in Westfalen" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 48" publicationUrl="http://www.lwl.org/wmfn-download/Abhandlungen/Abh_15(2)1952.pdf" refId="B30" refString="Ludwig, A, 1952. Die Blattminen des Siegerlandes und der angrenzenden gebiete. Abhandlungen aus dem Landesmuseums fuer Naturkunde zu Muenster in Westfalen 15: 1 - 48, http://www.lwl.org/wmfn-download/Abhandlungen/Abh_15(2)1952.pdf" title="Die Blattminen des Siegerlandes und der angrenzenden gebiete." url="http://www.lwl.org/wmfn-download/Abhandlungen/Abh_15(2)1952.pdf" volume="15" year="1952">Ludwig 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Grabe, A" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift der Wiener Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B18" refString="Grabe, A, 1955. Fauna und Flora des rheinisch-westfaelischen Industriegebietes, 2. Kleinschmetterlinge des Ruhrgebietes. Mitteilungen aus dem Ruhrlandmuseum der Stadt Essen 177: i-xv, 1-159." title="Fauna und Flora des rheinisch-westfaelischen Industriegebietes, 2. Kleinschmetterlinge des Ruhrgebietes. Mitteilungen aus dem Ruhrlandmuseum der Stadt Essen 177: i-xv, 1 - 159." year="1955">Grabe 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Sachsen (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Buhr, H" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Goerlitz" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 72" refId="B5" refString="Buhr, H, 1964. Saechsische Minen. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Goerlitz 39: 1 - 72" title="Saechsische Minen." volume="39" year="1964">Buhr 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); in Poland it was known from the Sudety mountains (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wojtusiak, J" journalOrPublisher="Klucze do Oznaczania Owadow Polski" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="3 - 18" refId="B52" refString="Wojtusiak, J, 1976. Heliozelidae. Klucze do Oznaczania Owadow Polski 27: 3 - 18" title="Heliozelidae." volume="27" year="1976">Wojtusiak 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Razowski, J" journalOrPublisher="Monografie Fauny Polski" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 137" refId="B43" refString="Razowski, J, 1978. Motyle (Lepidoptera) Polski. Czesc 3. Heteroneura, Adeloidea. [Moths (Lepidoptera) of Poland. Part 3. Heteroneura, Adeloidea.]. Monografie Fauny Polski 8: 1 - 137" title="Motyle (Lepidoptera) Polski. Czesc 3. Heteroneura, Adeloidea. [Moths (Lepidoptera) of Poland. Part 3. Heteroneura, Adeloidea.]." volume="8" year="1978">Razowski 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Buszko, J" journalOrPublisher="Polish Entomological Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 178" refId="B6" refString="Buszko, J, Nowacki, J, 2000. The Lepidoptera of Poland. A distributional checklist. Polish Entomological Monographs 1: 1 - 178" title="The Lepidoptera of Poland. A distributional checklist." volume="1" year="2000">Buszko and Nowacki 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Borkowski, A" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen Westdeutscher Entomologentag" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="85 - 92" refId="B3" refString="Borkowski, A, 2003a. Minierende Lepidopteren aus dem westlichen Teil der Sudeten (Lep., Eriocraniidae, Heliozelidae, Bucculatricidae und Lyonetiidae). Verhandlungen Westdeutscher Entomologentag 2002: 85 - 92" title="Minierende Lepidopteren aus dem westlichen Teil der Sudeten (Lep., Eriocraniidae, Heliozelidae, Bucculatricidae und Lyonetiidae)." volume="2002" year="2003 a">Borkowski 2003a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Borkowski, A" journalOrPublisher="Przyroda Sudetow Zachodnich" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="109 - 118" refId="B4" refString="Borkowski, A, 2003b. Motyle minujace Sudetow Zachodnich. Czesc 4. Przyczynki do rodzin Eriocraniidae, Heliozelidae i Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera). Minierende Lepidopteren der Westsudeten. Teil 4. Beitraege zu den Familien Eriocraniidae, Heliozelidae und Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera). Przyroda Sudetow Zachodnich 6: 109 - 118" title="Motyle minujace Sudetow Zachodnich. Czesc 4. Przyczynki do rodzin Eriocraniidae, Heliozelidae i Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera). Minierende Lepidopteren der Westsudeten. Teil 4. Beitraege zu den Familien Eriocraniidae, Heliozelidae und Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera)." volume="6" year="2003 b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but later also found in the lowlands in the South-East (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Buszko, J" journalOrPublisher="Wiadomosci Entomologiczne (Entomological News)" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="245 - 246" publicationUrl="http://pte.au.poznan.pl/we/2016/35_26_communikations_eng.pdf" refId="B7" refString="Buszko, J, Palka, K, 2016. Nowe stanowiska Antispilina ludwigi M. Hering, 1941 (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) w Polsce. New records of Antispilina ludwigi M. Hering, 1941 (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) in Poland. Wiadomosci Entomologiczne (Entomological News) 35: 245 - 246, http://pte.au.poznan.pl/we/2016/35_26_communikations_eng.pdf" title="Nowe stanowiska Antispilina ludwigi M. Hering, 1941 (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) w Polsce. New records of Antispilina ludwigi M. Hering, 1941 (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) in Poland." url="http://pte.au.poznan.pl/we/2016/35_26_communikations_eng.pdf" volume="35" year="2016">
|
||
Buszko and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pałka">Palka</normalizedToken>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), one record from the Czech Republic, also from the Sudety range (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Liska, J" journalOrPublisher="Klapalekiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="161 - 169" publicationUrl="http://www.entomologicalservice.com/files/24_Liska_et_al.2000_FRC_101.pdf" refId="B29" refString="Liska, J, Lastuvka, Z, Elsner, G, Elsner, V, Vavra, J, Dufek, T, Gregor, F, Jalanovsky, M, Jaros, J, Lastuvka, A, Marek, J, Petru, M, Skyva, J, Sumpich, J, 2000. Faunistic records from the Czech Republic - 101. Lepidoptera. Klapalekiana 36: 161 - 169, http://www.entomologicalservice.com/files/24_Liska_et_al.2000_FRC_101.pdf" title="Faunistic records from the Czech Republic - 101. Lepidoptera." url="http://www.entomologicalservice.com/files/24_Liska_et_al.2000_FRC_101.pdf" volume="36" year="2000">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Liška">Liska</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and from southern Lithuania (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ivinskis, P" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B22" refString="Ivinskis, P, 2004. Lepidoptera of Lithuania. Annotated catalogue. Lietuvos drugiai (Lepidoptera). Katalogas. Vilniaus Universiteto Ekologijos Institutas, Vilnius: 379 pp." title="Lepidoptera of Lithuania. Annotated catalogue. Lietuvos drugiai (Lepidoptera). Katalogas. Vilniaus Universiteto Ekologijos Institutas, Vilnius: 379 pp." year="2004">Ivinskis 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Here we report its occurrence for the first time from France (Massif Central: Auvergne, Cevennes and Jura), Switzerland (Jura and Alps) and Belgium (Ardennes). It is very likely that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polygonaceae" genus="A." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. ludwigi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludwigi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A. ludwigi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also occurs further east in Belarus, Ukraine or Russia, where Microlepidoptera and especially leafmining
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polygonaceae" genus="A." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
have only been collected very sparsely.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Habitat</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 34–37" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figures 34 - 37. Antispilina ludwigi, leafmines and larvae on Bistorta officinalis and habitat. 34 - 36. Switzerland, Saignelegier, 4. viii. 2017. 37. Habitat in Switzerland, Jura, St-Imier, probably in flying time of Antispilina ludwigi, taken 21. vi. 2009. Photographs R. Bryner." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures34-37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535537" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">37</figureCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 38, 39" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 38, 39. Habitats of Antispilina ludwigi. 38 (top). Belgium, Rocherath, Naturschutzgebiet der Holzwarche, 24. vi. 2017. 39 (bottom). Ardeche, Sainte-Eulalie, Suc de la Lauziere, 23. vii. 2017. Photographs: A. Rauw (38), E. J. van Nieukerken (39)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures38-39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535538" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">39</figureCitation>
|
||
). Most of our own records were obtained in mountainous bogs, poor wet meadows, often along streams and montane heathland where the host is abundant. This is often patchy habitat with shrubs and sometimes scattered larger trees. The attacked hostplants often are relatively large and leaves with mines are usually hidden among the vegetation. Smaller plants in mowed grasslands rarely had mines. The following plants were common in many of the localities in the Massif Centrale:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eudicots" family="Asteraceae" genus="Arnica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Arnica montana" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Arnica montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Betula pubescens" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Betula pubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ehrh.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eudicots" family="Ericaceae" genus="Calluna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calluna vulgaris" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Calluna vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Hull,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cicerbita" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cicerbita alpina" order="Campanulales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="alpina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Cicerbita alpina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Wallr.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fabaceae" genus="Cytisus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cytisus oromediterraneus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="oromediterraneus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Cytisus oromediterraneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Rivas Mart. et al.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Villars" authorityYear="1789" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Dianthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dianthus gratianopolitanus" order="Centrospermae" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="gratianopolitanus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Dianthus gratianopolitanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Vill.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fabaceae" genus="Genista" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Genista pilosa" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="pilosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Genista pilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. tinctoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="tinctoria">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">G. tinctoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Gentiana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gentiana lutea" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="lutea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Gentiana lutea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="G." lsidName="G. pneumonanthe" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="pneumonanthe">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">G. pneumonanthe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Meum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Meum athamanticum" order="Apiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="athamanticum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Meum athamanticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Jacq.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Potentilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Potentilla erecta" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Potentilla erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Raeusch.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rumex acetosa" order="Polygonales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="acetosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Rumex acetosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Rosaceae" genus="Sanguisorba" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sanguisorba officinalis" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="officinalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Sanguisorba officinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moench" authorityYear="1794" class="Eudicots" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Succisa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Succisa pratensis" order="Dipsacales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="pratensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Succisa pratensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Moench,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Trollius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Trollius europaeus" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="europaeus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Trollius europaeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Ericaceae" genus="Vaccinium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vaccinium myrtillus" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="myrtillus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Vaccinium myrtillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L., and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="V." lsidName="V. uliginosum" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="uliginosum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">V. uliginosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figures38-39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535538" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figures 38, 39" startId="F11">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figures 38, 39.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitats of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hering" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Antispilina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispilina ludwigi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludwigi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Antispilina ludwigi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">38</emphasis>
|
||
(top). Belgium, Rocherath, Naturschutzgebiet der Holzwarche, 24.vi.2017.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">39</emphasis>
|
||
(bottom).
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ardèche">Ardeche</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Sainte-Eulalie, Suc de la
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lauzière">Lauziere</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 23.vii.2017. Photographs: A. Rauw (38), E.J. van Nieukerken (39).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Buszko, J" journalOrPublisher="Wiadomosci Entomologiczne (Entomological News)" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="245 - 246" publicationUrl="http://pte.au.poznan.pl/we/2016/35_26_communikations_eng.pdf" refId="B7" refString="Buszko, J, Palka, K, 2016. Nowe stanowiska Antispilina ludwigi M. Hering, 1941 (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) w Polsce. New records of Antispilina ludwigi M. Hering, 1941 (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) in Poland. Wiadomosci Entomologiczne (Entomological News) 35: 245 - 246, http://pte.au.poznan.pl/we/2016/35_26_communikations_eng.pdf" title="Nowe stanowiska Antispilina ludwigi M. Hering, 1941 (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) w Polsce. New records of Antispilina ludwigi M. Hering, 1941 (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae) in Poland." url="http://pte.au.poznan.pl/we/2016/35_26_communikations_eng.pdf" volume="35" year="2016">
|
||
Buszko and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pałka">Palka</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2016)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found the species in lowland habitats in '
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Molinietum-caeruleae</emphasis>
|
||
' meadows, between 170 and 215 m. Our records are from mountains between 450 and 1650 m elevation and also most published records are from mountains in similar elevational range.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/nl.44.63848.figure40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/535539" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 40" startId="F12">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 40.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of records of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hering" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Antispilina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antispilina ludwigi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ludwigi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Antispilina ludwigi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including all literature records.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="dna barcodes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">DNA barcodes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Nine specimens were barcoded, representing populations in Poland, France and Belgium. All cluster within Barcode Identification Number BOLD:AAW5935, with an average distance of 0.36% and a maximum distance of 0.81%. (https:/dx.doi.org/10.5883/BOLD:AAW5935; dataset https:/dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-ANTILUDW. The nearest neighbour, at a distance of 9.38%, is an unnamed heliozelid from Costa Rica.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Remark.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
There are several specimens in collections with paratype labels, such as the three cited here (and see Lepiforum e.V. (2008-2021)), but as
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.48019410103" author="Hering, EM" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="10 - 23" refId="B20" refString="Hering, EM, 1941. Minenstudien 16. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1941: 10 - 23, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.48019410103" title="Minenstudien 16." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.48019410103" volume="1941" year="1941">Hering (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
cited a single specimen in the description, the type material consists only of a holotype, and no paratypes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">21 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">19 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, cocoons. All specimens are reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Bistorta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bistorta officinalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="officinalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bistorta officinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, except where indicated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="France">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ardèche">Ardeche</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Mt
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mézenc">Mezenc</normalizedToken>
|
||
, SW slopes;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="44.90835" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.90835">44.90835°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.18781" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="4.18781">4.18781°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.652" unit="m" value="1652.0">1652 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date value="2009-07-29">29.vii.2009</date>
|
||
; E.J. van Nieukerken leg.; emerged
|
||
<date value="2010-04-03" valueMax="2010-05-03" valueMin="2010-04-03">03.iv- 03.v.2010</date>
|
||
; EventId: EvN no 2009032-K; Genitalia slides: EvN4448
|
||
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(whole body slide), EvN4676
|
||
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, EvN4677
|
||
<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
|
||
; RMNH.INS.24448, RMNH.INS.24676, RMNH.INS.24677. •
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">5 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, cocoons; same data; emerged
|
||
<date value="2010-04-03" valueMax="2010-05-06" valueMin="2010-04-03">03.iv- 06.v.2010</date>
|
||
; no registry numbers; RMNH. • 2 cocoons, 1 with prepupa;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ardèche">Ardeche</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Sainte-Eulalie, Bois des Seigneurs;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="44.86449" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.86449">44.86449°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.1827" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="4.1827">4.1827°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.455" unit="m" value="1455.0">1455 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date value="2017-07-23">23.vii.2017</date>
|
||
; E.J. van Nieukerken leg.; EventId: EvN no 2017053-K; RMNH.INS.16908.•
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">4 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 10 cocoons (plus exuviae);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ardèche">Ardeche</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Sainte-Eulalie, Suc de la
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lauzière">Lauziere</normalizedToken>
|
||
, S.;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="44.84695" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.84695">44.84695°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.17325" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="4.17325">4.17325°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.483" unit="m" value="1483.0">1483 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date value="2017-07-23">23.vii.2017</date>
|
||
; E.J. van Nieukerken leg.; emerged
|
||
<date value="2018-04-02" valueMax="2018-04-22" valueMin="2018-04-02">02-22.iv.2018</date>
|
||
; EventId: EvN no 2017051-K; RMNH.INS.16584- RMNH.INS.16587, RMNH.INS.16907. •
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dome</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Monts Dore, Chastreix-Sancy, Roc de Courlande, S.;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="45.52231" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.52231">45.52231°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.7688" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="2.7688">2.7688°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.339" unit="m" value="1339.0">1339 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date value="2017-07-13">13.vii.2017</date>
|
||
; E.J. van Nieukerken leg.; emerged
|
||
<date value="2018-04-02">02.iv.2018</date>
|
||
; EventId: EvN no 2017034-K; RMNH.INS.16567- RMNH.INS.16568. •
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
1 ad, 10 cocoons (plus exuviae);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dome</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Monts Dore, Chastreix-Sancy, Res. Nat, Fontaine
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Salée">Salee</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="45.51214" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.51214">45.51214°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.79792" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="2.79792">2.79792°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.338" unit="m" value="1338.0">1338 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date value="2017-07-13">13.vii.2017</date>
|
||
; E.J. van Nieukerken leg.; emerged
|
||
<date value="2018-03-29" valueMax="2018-04-09" valueMin="2018-03-29">29.iii- 09.iv.2018</date>
|
||
; EventId: EvN no 2017035-K; RMNH.INS.16569- RMNH.INS.16575, RMNH.INS.16902. •
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dome</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Monts Dore, Col de la Croix de St Robert, SE, along road;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="45.55873" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.55873">45.55873°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.84282" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="2.84282">2.84282°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.416" unit="m" value="1416.0">1416 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date value="2017-07-16">16.vii.2017</date>
|
||
; E.J. van Nieukerken leg.; emerged
|
||
<date value="2018-04-03" valueMax="2018-04-12" valueMin="2018-04-03">03-12.iv.2018</date>
|
||
; EventId: EvN no 2017039-K; RMNH.INS.16578- RMNH.INS.16580. •
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dome</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Monts Dore,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vallée">Vallee</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Chaudefour, Res. Nat., upper valley E;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="45.52916" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.52916">45.52916°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.83496" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="2.83496">2.83496°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3459999999999999" unit="m" value="1346.0">1346 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date value="2017-07-16">16.vii.2017</date>
|
||
; E.J. van Nieukerken leg.; emerged
|
||
<date value="2018-04-04">04.iv.2018</date>
|
||
; EventId: EvN no 2017037-K; RMNH.INS.16577. • 4 cocoons;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dome</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Monts Dore, Chastreix-Sancy, Roc de Courlande, S.;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="45.52231" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.52231">45.52231°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.7688" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="2.7688">2.7688°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.339" unit="m" value="1339.0">1339 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date value="2017-07-13">13.vii.2017</date>
|
||
; E.J. van Nieukerken leg.; EventId: EvN no 2017034-K; RMNH.INS.16901. • 9 cocoons;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dome</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Monts Dore, Col de la Croix de St Robert, SE, along road;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="45.55873" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.55873">45.55873°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.84282" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="2.84282">2.84282°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.416" unit="m" value="1416.0">1416 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date value="2017-07-16">16.vii.2017</date>
|
||
; E.J. van Nieukerken leg.; EventId: EvN no 2017039-K; RMNH.INS.16905. • 1 cocoon;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dome</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Monts Dore,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vallée">Vallee</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Chaudefour, Res. Nat., upper valley E;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="45.52916" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.52916">45.52916°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.83496" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="2.83496">2.83496°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3459999999999999" unit="m" value="1346.0">1346 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date value="2017-07-16">16.vii.2017</date>
|
||
; E.J. van Nieukerken leg.; EventId: EvN no 2017037-K; RMNH.INS.16904.•
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 5 cocoons (plus exuviae);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dome</normalizedToken>
|
||
, St.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alyre-ès-Montagne">Alyre-es-Montagne</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Lac de St. Alyre, S. shore;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="45.37424" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.37424">45.37424°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.94417" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="2.94417">2.94417°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.224" unit="m" value="1224.0">1224 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date value="2017-07-14">14.vii.2017</date>
|
||
; E.J. van Nieukerken leg.; emerged
|
||
<date value="2018-04-09">09.iv.2018</date>
|
||
; EventId: EvN no 2017036-K; RMNH.INS.16576, RMNH.INS.16903.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3084918306" collectingDate="1940-07-29" collectingDateMax="1941-03-10" collectingDateMin="1940-07-29" collectorName="A. Ludwig, Genitalia" country="Germany" county="Dillkreis" elevation="570" latitude="50.666473" location="Feuerhack" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="8.132751" municipality="Waldaubach" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Hessen" typeStatus="paratypes">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Germany">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
[labelled as
|
||
<typeStatus>paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
];
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Germany" name="Hessen">Hessen</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty>Dillkreis</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Waldaubach</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, im
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82AADE4A5DDF584F9C0A42C1EF854F15:0842B04B04944C3763BDED962016E9F4" country="Germany" county="Dillkreis" latitude="50.666473" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="8.132751" municipality="Waldaubach" name="Feuerhack" stateProvince="Hessen">Feuerhack</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="50.666474" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="50.666473">50.666474°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8.132751" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.132751">8.132751°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" unit="m" value="570.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" unit="m" value="570.0">570 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="1940-07-29">29.vii.1940</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>A. Ludwig</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; emerged
|
||
<collectingDate value="1941-03-10">10.iii.1941</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>Genitalia</collectorName>
|
||
in vial; MfN
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3084918308" collectingDate="2017-08-07" collectingDateMax="2018-05-06" collectingDateMin="2017-08-07" collectorName="R. Bryner, Genitalia" country="Switzerland" elevation="1400" latitude="46.7307" location="Rueeggisberg" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="7.45849" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Bern">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Switzerland">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Switzerland" name="Bern">Bern</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rüeggisberg">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82AADE4A5DDF584F9C0A42C1EF854F15:3C9909610A0464945166706488563B47" country="Switzerland" latitude="46.7307" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="7.45849" name="Rueeggisberg" stateProvince="Bern">Rueeggisberg</location>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="46.7307" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="46.7307">46.7307°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7.45849" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="7.45849">7.45849°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="m" value="1400.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2017-08-07">07.viii.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>R. Bryner</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; emerged
|
||
<collectingDate value="2018-05-04" valueMax="2018-05-06" valueMin="2018-05-04">04-06.v.2018</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>Genitalia</collectorName>
|
||
slide
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
|
||
2018-031; RBC. •
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3084918301" collectingDate="2017-08-02" collectingDateMax="2018-05-08" collectingDateMin="2017-08-02" collectorName="R. Bryner" country="Switzerland" elevation="1095" latitude="47.12879" location="St-Imier" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="6.98725" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Bern">
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Switzerland" name="Bern">Bern</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82AADE4A5DDF584F9C0A42C1EF854F15:214EC12EC7AC4E5E2DE87306563636A9" country="Switzerland" latitude="47.12879" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="6.98725" name="St-Imier" stateProvince="Bern">St-Imier</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.12879" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.12879">47.12879°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.98725" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="6.98725">6.98725°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.095" unit="m" value="1095.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.095" unit="m" value="1095.0">1095 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2017-08-02">02.viii.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>R. Bryner</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; emerged
|
||
<collectingDate value="2018-05-04" valueMax="2018-05-08" valueMin="2018-05-04">04-08.v.2018</collectingDate>
|
||
; RBC
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. •
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3084918307" collectingDate="2020-05-27" collectingDateMax="2018-05-08" collectingDateMin="2017-08-02" collectorName="R. Bryner, D. Bolt, Daniel Bolt, Domat, Ems" country="Switzerland" elevation="1095" latitude="47.12879" location="St-Imier" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="6.98725" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Bern">
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
; same locality;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2020-05-27">27.v.2020</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>R. Bryner</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>D. Bolt</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; day catch; collection
|
||
<collectorName>Daniel Bolt</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Domat</collectorName>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectorName>Ems</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.•
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3084918309" collectingDate="2017-08-04" collectingDateMax="2018-05-12" collectingDateMin="2017-08-04" collectorName="R. Bryner, Genitalia" country="Switzerland" elevation="1000" latitude="47.23961" location="Saignelegier" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="7.04089" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Jura">
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Switzerland" name="Jura">Jura</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Saignelégier">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82AADE4A5DDF584F9C0A42C1EF854F15:0E12FA6ECEE6A7D2F544899F6806CABA" country="Switzerland" latitude="47.23961" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="7.04089" name="Saignelegier" stateProvince="Jura">Saignelegier</location>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.23961" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.23961">47.23961°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7.04089" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="7.04089">7.04089°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1000.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2017-08-04">04.viii.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>R. Bryner</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; emerged
|
||
<collectingDate value="2018-05-04" valueMax="2018-05-12" valueMin="2018-05-04">04-12.v.2018</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>Genitalia</collectorName>
|
||
slide
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
|
||
2018-032; RBC.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Material examined: larvae and leafmines</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">(in collection).</emphasis>
|
||
All collected from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Bistorta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bistorta officinalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="officinalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bistorta officinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3084918310" collectingDate="2017-06-24" collectorName="Liege, Aldringen, Thommen" country="Belgium" elevation="475" latitude="50.22563" location="Belgium" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="6.02781" specimenCount="100" specimenCount-larva="100">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Belgium">Belgium</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount type="larva">100 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
, 146 mines;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Liège">
|
||
<collectorName>Liege</collectorName>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Aldringen</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Thommen</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="50.22563" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="50.22563">50.22563°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.02781" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="6.02781">6.02781°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" unit="m" value="475.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" unit="m" value="475.0">475 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2017-06-24">24.vi.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
; WB leg.; SWC
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. •
|
||
<specimenCount type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
, 2 mines;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Liège">Liege</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Aldringen, Ulf;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="50.2147" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="50.2147">50.2147°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.03125" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="6.03125">6.03125°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.62" unit="m" value="462.0">462 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date value="2017-06-24">24.vi.2017</date>
|
||
; WB leg.; SWC. •
|
||
<specimenCount type="larva">16 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
, 16 mines;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Liège">Liege</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Büllingen">Buellingen</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kleinfüllenbach">Kleinfuellenbach</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="50.39425" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="50.39425">50.39425°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.32834" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="6.32834">6.32834°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.44" unit="m" value="644.0">644 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date value="2017-06-24">24.vi.2017</date>
|
||
; WB leg.; SWC. • 3 mines;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Liège">Liege</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Emmels, Deidenberg;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="50.31102" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="50.31102">50.31102°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.14507" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="6.14507">6.14507°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.81" unit="m" value="481.0">481 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date value="2017-06-24">24.vi.2017</date>
|
||
; WB leg.; SWC. •
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3084918303" collectingDate="2017-06-23" collectingDateMax="2017-08-19" collectingDateMin="2017-06-23" collectorName="Rocherath, Naturschutzgebiet der Holzwarche, Steve Wullaert" country="Belgium" elevation="585" latitude="50.4238" location="Liege" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="6.314457" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-larva="3">
|
||
<specimenCount type="larva">3 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
(used for DNA analysis, 2 destructively), leafmines;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Liège">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82AADE4A5DDF584F9C0A42C1EF854F15:824597904B640BDD675CAD54567BB87D" country="Belgium" latitude="50.4238" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="6.314457" name="Liege">Liege</location>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Rocherath</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Naturschutzgebiet der Holzwarche</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="50.4238" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="50.4238">50.4238°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.314457" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="6.314457">6.314457°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.85" unit="m" value="585.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.85" unit="m" value="585.0">585 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2017-06-23">23.vi.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>Steve Wullaert</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; larval slide; RMNH.INS.30919, RMNH.INS.30927, RMNH.INS.30928, RMNH.INS.43338. • 105 mines; same locality data; WB leg.; SWC. • 4 mines; same locality;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2017-08-19">19.viii.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
; WB leg.; SWC
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3084918305" collectingDate="2009-07-29" collectingDateMax="2017-07-23" collectingDateMin="2009-07-29" collectorName="de Boutieres, E. J. van Nieukerken, Mt Mezenc, SW, Pre du Bois, Suc de la Lauziere, S., Lac de St. Alyre, S., Roc de Courlande, S., Col de la Croix de St Robert, SE" country="France" county="Vallee de Chaudefour" elevation="1512" latitude="45.52916" location="Ardeche" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="2.83496" municipality="Col de la Croix de St Robert" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-larva="11">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="France">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
• several mines;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ardèche">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82AADE4A5DDF584F9C0A42C1EF854F15:BA82C3C80B804977A2F89D6C7EF027F1" country="France" county="Vallee de Chaudefour" latitude="45.52916" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="2.83496" municipality="Col de la Croix de St Robert" name="Ardeche">Ardeche</location>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82AADE4A5DDF584F9C0A42C1EF854F15:87CF26448F11CB372C62CA72CA0AFF28" country="France" county="Vallee de Chaudefour" latitude="45.52916" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="2.83496" municipality="Col de la Croix de St Robert" name="Mt Mezenc">
|
||
Mt
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mézenc">Mezenc</normalizedToken>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82AADE4A5DDF584F9C0A42C1EF854F15:DEE85CF9979B51206EA4C3B2514DEE45" country="France" county="Vallee de Chaudefour" latitude="45.52916" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="2.83496" municipality="Col de la Croix de St Robert" name="Croix de Boutieres">
|
||
Croix
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boutières">Boutieres</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="44.90018" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.90018">44.90018°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.18277" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="4.18277">4.18277°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.512" unit="m" value="1512.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.512" unit="m" value="1512.0">1512 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2009-07-29">29.vii.2009</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>E.J. van Nieukerken</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82AADE4A5DDF584F9C0A42C1EF854F15:289116668D6DD0446D80970AB1895FCC" country="France" county="Vallee de Chaudefour" latitude="45.52916" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="2.83496" municipality="Col de la Croix de St Robert" name="EventId">EventId</location>
|
||
: EvN no 2009033-K; RMNH.INS.42771. •
|
||
<specimenCount type="larva">3 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
, many mines;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ardèche">Ardeche</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82AADE4A5DDF584F9C0A42C1EF854F15:B5A14EC92058758B3EBEC04F02E76479" country="France" county="Vallee de Chaudefour" latitude="45.52916" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="2.83496" municipality="Col de la Croix de St Robert" name="Mt Mezenc">
|
||
Mt
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mézenc">Mezenc</normalizedToken>
|
||
</location>
|
||
, SW
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
slopes;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="44.90835" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.90835">44.90835°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.18781" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="4.18781">4.18781°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.652" unit="m" value="1652.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.652" unit="m" value="1652.0">1652 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2009-07-29">29.vii.2009</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>E.J. van Nieukerken</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; EventId: EvN no 2009032-M/H/K; RMNH.INS.17942- RMNH.INS.17944 (larvae); RMNH.INS.42667- RMNH.INS.42668 (leafmine samples). •
|
||
<specimenCount type="larva">1 larva</specimenCount>
|
||
, 3 mines;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ardèche">Ardeche</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Sainte-Eulalie,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82AADE4A5DDF584F9C0A42C1EF854F15:A9C26FA65CEB6141FA8FEB9F9B01349F" country="France" county="Vallee de Chaudefour" latitude="45.52916" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="2.83496" municipality="Col de la Croix de St Robert" name="Bois des Seigneurs">Bois des Seigneurs</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="44.86449" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.86449">44.86449°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.1827" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="4.1827">4.1827°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.455" unit="m" value="1455.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.455" unit="m" value="1455.0">1455 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2017-07-23">23.vii.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>E.J. van Nieukerken</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; EventId: EvN no 2017053-M/H/K; RMNH.INS.31178, RMNH.INS.43887. • many mines;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ardèche">Ardeche</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Sainte-Eulalie,
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pré">Pre</normalizedToken>
|
||
du Bois
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation location="Suc de la Lauziere">
|
||
W of Suc de la
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lauzière">Lauziere</normalizedToken>
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="44.84959" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.84959">44.84959°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.16323" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="4.16323">4.16323°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.469" unit="m" value="1469.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.469" unit="m" value="1469.0">1469 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2017-07-23">23.vii.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>E.J. van Nieukerken</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; EventId: EvN no 2017052-H/K; RMNH.INS.43472- RMNH.INS.43473. •
|
||
<specimenCount type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
, mines;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ardèche">Ardeche</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Sainte-Eulalie,
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82AADE4A5DDF584F9C0A42C1EF854F15:9FB43FE2575D201ECFEDFA19A0A947B4" country="France" county="Vallee de Chaudefour" latitude="45.52916" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="2.83496" municipality="Col de la Croix de St Robert" name="Suc de la Lauziere">
|
||
Suc de la
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lauzière">Lauziere</normalizedToken>
|
||
</location>
|
||
, S.
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="44.84695" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="44.84695">44.84695°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.17325" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="4.17325">4.17325°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.483" unit="m" value="1483.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.483" unit="m" value="1483.0">1483 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2017-07-23">23.vii.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>E.J. van Nieukerken</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; EventId: EvN no 2017051-M/H.K; RMNH.INS.30932- RMNH.INS.30933, RMNH.INS.43470- RMNH.INS.43471. •
|
||
<specimenCount type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
, mines;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dome</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82AADE4A5DDF584F9C0A42C1EF854F15:EE64343686E6C5C11DD5E1E12EC6E42C" country="France" county="Vallee de Chaudefour" latitude="45.52916" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="2.83496" municipality="Col de la Croix de St Robert" name="St. Alyre-es-Montagne">
|
||
St.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alyre-ès-Montagne">Alyre-es-Montagne</normalizedToken>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82AADE4A5DDF584F9C0A42C1EF854F15:633233E7BBA24ADFF3798A7446E76C07" country="France" county="Vallee de Chaudefour" latitude="45.52916" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="2.83496" municipality="Col de la Croix de St Robert" name="Lac de St. Alyre">Lac de St. Alyre</location>
|
||
, S.
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
shore;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="45.37424" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.37424">45.37424°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.94417" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="2.94417">2.94417°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.224" unit="m" value="1224.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.224" unit="m" value="1224.0">1224 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2017-07-14">14.vii.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>E.J. van Nieukerken</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; EventId: EvN no 2017036-M/H/K; RMNH.INS.30929- RMNH.INS.30930, RMNH.INS.43463, RMNH.INS.43465, RMNH.INS.43872. • 8 mines;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dome</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Monts Dore, Chastreix-Sancy,
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82AADE4A5DDF584F9C0A42C1EF854F15:9B45B1E5103C17BAC2C3169F7F8414B1" country="France" county="Vallee de Chaudefour" latitude="45.52916" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="2.83496" municipality="Col de la Croix de St Robert" name="Roc de Courlande">Roc de Courlande</location>
|
||
, S.
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="45.52231" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.52231">45.52231°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.7688" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="2.7688">2.7688°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.339" unit="m" value="1339.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.339" unit="m" value="1339.0">1339 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2017-07-13">13.vii.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>E.J. van Nieukerken</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; EventId: EvN no 2017034-H/K; RMNH.INS.43868, RMNH.INS.43869. •
|
||
<specimenCount type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
, many mines;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dome</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Monts Dore, Chastreix-Sancy, Res. Nat, Fontaine
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Salée">Salee</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="45.51214" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.51214">45.51214°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.79792" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="2.79792">2.79792°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.338" unit="m" value="1338.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.338" unit="m" value="1338.0">1338 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2017-07-13">13.vii.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>E.J. van Nieukerken</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; EventId: EvN no 2017035-M/K/H; RMNH.INS.30931, RMNH.INS.30939; RMNH.INS.43462, RMNH.INS.43870, RMNH.INS.43871. •
|
||
<specimenCount type="larva">1 larva</specimenCount>
|
||
, several mines;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dome</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Monts Dore,
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Col de la Croix de St Robert</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, SE
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
, along road;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="45.55873" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.55873">45.55873°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.84282" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="2.84282">2.84282°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.416" unit="m" value="1416.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.416" unit="m" value="1416.0">1416 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2017-07-16">16.vii.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>E.J. van Nieukerken</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; EventId: EvN no 2017039-K; RMNH.INS.31004, RMNH.INS.43466, RMNH.INS.43875. • 2 mines;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dome</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Monts Dore,
|
||
<collectingCounty>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vallée">Vallee</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Chaudefour
|
||
</collectingCounty>
|
||
, Res. Nat., upper valley E;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="45.52916" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="45.52916">45.52916°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.83496" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="2.83496">2.83496°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3459999999999999" unit="m" value="1346.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3459999999999999" unit="m" value="1346.0">1346 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2017-07-16">16.vii.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>E.J. van Nieukerken</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; EventId: EvN no 2017037-K; RMNH.INS.43873
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3084918304" collectingDate="2004-07-02" collectorName="K. Palka, EventId" country="Poland" elevation="175" latitude="51.00998" location="Dubienka" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="23.92238" specimenCount="29" specimenCount-larva="29">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Poland">Poland</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount type="larva">29 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
[ethanol, some destructively extracted, larval slide],
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82AADE4A5DDF584F9C0A42C1EF854F15:53A0A5B1692FC7A45413D03EC4EF3B22" country="Poland" latitude="51.00998" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="23.92238" name="Dubienka">Dubienka</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="51.00998" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="51.00998">51.00998°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="23.92238" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="23.92238">23.92238°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" unit="m" value="175.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" unit="m" value="175.0">175 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2004-07-02">02.vii.2004</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
K.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pałka">Palka</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectorName>EventId</collectorName>
|
||
: EvN no 2004905-M; RMNH.INS.11854, RMNH.INS.11855, RMNH.INS.12423
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. •
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3084918302" collectingDate="2004-07-01" collectorName="K. Palka, EventId" country="Poland" elevation="287" latitude="50.94514" location="Poleski Nat. Park" longLatPrecision="35" longitude="22.637" municipality="Bagno Bubnow" specimenCount="15" specimenCount-larva="15">
|
||
<specimenCount type="larva">15 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
[ethanol, some destructively extracted],
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82AADE4A5DDF584F9C0A42C1EF854F15:1C2CD361899635DE953753C4F38E518A" country="Poland" latitude="50.94514" longLatPrecision="35" longitude="22.637" municipality="Bagno Bubnow" name="Poleski Nat. Park">Poleski Nat. Park</location>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>
|
||
Bagno
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bubnów">Bubnow</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="50.94514" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="50.94514">50.94514°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="22.637" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="22.637">22.637°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.87" unit="m" value="287.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.87" unit="m" value="287.0">287 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2004-07-01">01.vii.2004</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
K.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pałka">Palka</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectorName>EventId</collectorName>
|
||
: EvN no 2004904-M; RMNH.INS.11852, RMNH.INS.11853
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3084918311" collectingDate="2017-08-02" collectingDateMax="2017-08-05" collectingDateMin="2017-08-02" collectorName="R. Bryner, Saicourt, St-Imier, Tramelan, Lajoux, Le Bemont, Montfaucon, La Brevine, Le Cerneux-Pequinot, Ste-Croix" country="Switzerland" elevation="1260" latitude="46.84122" location="Cortebert" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="6.47154" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-larva="5" stateProvince="Bern">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Switzerland">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount type="larva">5 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Switzerland" name="Bern">Bern</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cortébert">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82AADE4A5DDF584F9C0A42C1EF854F15:6AEB3F98897D572F1018879D1F74F267" country="Switzerland" latitude="46.84122" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="6.47154" name="Cortebert" stateProvince="Bern">Cortebert</location>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.15431" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.15431">47.15431°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7.12766" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="7.12766">7.12766°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" unit="m" value="1260.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" unit="m" value="1260.0">1260 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2017-08-04">04.viii.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>R. Bryner</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; RBC. • leafmines;
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Switzerland" name="Bern">Bern</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Saicourt</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.2555" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="47.2555">47.2555°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7.16569" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="7.16569">7.16569°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" unit="m" value="920.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" unit="m" value="920.0">920 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2017-08-02">02.viii.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>R. Bryner</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; RBC. • leafmines;
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Switzerland" name="Bern">Bern</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>St-Imier</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.17653" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.17653">47.17653°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.94997" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="6.94997">6.94997°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1000.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2017-08-02">02.viii.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>R. Bryner</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; RBC. • leafmines;
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Switzerland" name="Bern">Bern</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Tramelan</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.24232" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.24232">47.24232°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7.06144" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="7.06144">7.06144°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" unit="m" value="1010.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" unit="m" value="1010.0">1010 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2017-08-04">04.viii.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>R. Bryner</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; RBC. • leafmines;
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Switzerland" name="Jura">Jura</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Lajoux</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.28891" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.28891">47.28891°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7.1292" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="7.1292">7.1292°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" unit="m" value="930.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" unit="m" value="930.0">930 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2017-08-04">04.viii.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>R. Bryner</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; RBC. • leafmines;
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Switzerland" name="Jura">Jura</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
Le
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bémont">Bemont</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.25269" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.25269">47.25269°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7.02997" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="7.02997">7.02997°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" unit="m" value="970.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" unit="m" value="970.0">970 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2017-08-04">04.viii.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>R. Bryner</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; RBC. • leafmines;
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Switzerland" name="Jura">Jura</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Montfaucon</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.2819" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="47.2819">47.2819°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7.08989" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="7.08989">7.08989°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" unit="m" value="850.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2017-08-04">04.viii.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>R. Bryner</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; RBC. • leafmines;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Neuchâtel">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Switzerland" name="Neuchatel">Neuchatel</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
La
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brévine">Brevine</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="46.97567" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="46.97567">46.97567°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.58592" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="6.58592">6.58592°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" unit="m" value="1030.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" unit="m" value="1030.0">1030 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2017-08-05">05.viii.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>R. Bryner</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; RBC. • leafmines;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Neuchâtel">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Switzerland" name="Neuchatel">Neuchatel</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
Le
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cerneux-Péquinot">Cerneux-Pequinot</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.00417" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.00417">47.00417°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.66141" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="6.66141">6.66141°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06" unit="m" value="1060.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06" unit="m" value="1060.0">1060 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2017-08-05">05.viii.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>R. Bryner</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; RBC. • leafmines;
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Switzerland" name="Vaud">Vaud</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Ste-Croix</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="46.84122" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="46.84122">46.84122°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.47154" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="6.47154">6.47154°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; alt.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09" unit="m" value="1090.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09" unit="m" value="1090.0">1090 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2017-08-05">05.viii.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>R. Bryner</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; RBC
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="additional online observations">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Additional online observations.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
All observed on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Bistorta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bistorta officinalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="officinalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bistorta officinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Belgium • 8 larvae, 30 mines;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Liège">Liege</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Butchenbach, Schwalm; 19.vii.2018; leg. Evert Van de Schoot & Ward Tamsyn; 50.4980, 6.2562; https://waarnemingen.be/observation/160366513/. • 1 larva, 10 mines;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Liège">Liege</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Butchenbach; Schwalm; 19.vii.2018; leg. Evert Van de Schoot; 50.4898, 6.2714; https://waarnemingen.be/observation/160463202/. • 3 mines;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Liège">Liege</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Malmedy, Fagne de la Polleur; 22.vii.2017; leg. Wim Declercq; 50.5105, 6.0744; https://waarnemingen.be/observation/141930607/. • 13 larvae, 16 mines;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Liège">Liege</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Rocherath,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vallée">Vallee</normalizedToken>
|
||
de la Holzwarche; 24.vi.2017; leg. WB;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="50.3961" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="50.3961">50.3961°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.3318" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="6.3318">6.3318°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; https://waarnemingen.be/observation/140955240/. • 2 larvae, 2 mines; same locality and date; leg. Chris Steeman & Ben Steeman;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="50.4151" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="50.4151">50.4151°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.3283" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="6.3283">6.3283°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; https://waarnemingen.be/observation/140964609/. • 1 mine; same locality; 22.vii.2017; leg. Wim Declercq;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="50.4172" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="50.4172">50.4172°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.3268" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="6.3268">6.3268°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; https://waarnemingen.be/observation/141930615/. • 2 larvae, 2 mines; same locality; 22.vii.2017; leg. Wim Declercq;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="50.4240" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="50.424">50.4240°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.3145" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="6.3145">6.3145°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; https://waarnemingen.be/observation/141930621/. • 1 mines; same locality; 14.vii.2018; leg. Jurgen Dewolf & Ruben Recour;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="50.4237" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="50.4237">50.4237°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.3147" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="6.3147">6.3147°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; https://waarnemingen.be/observation/159940474/. • 20 larvae, 40 mines; same locality; 23.vii.2018; leg. Wouter Mertens;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="50.4209" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="50.4209">50.4209°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.3199" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="6.3199">6.3199°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; https://waarnemingen.be/observation/160514341/. • 14 larvae, 34 mines; same locality; 23.vii.2018; leg. Chris Steeman;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="50.4237" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="50.4237">50.4237°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.3145" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="6.3145">6.3145°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; https://waarnemingen.be/observation/160831314/. • 4 larvae, 25 mines; same locality; 29.vii.2018; leg. Regis Nossent;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="50.4236" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="50.4236">50.4236°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.3146" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="6.3146">6.3146°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; https://waarnemingen.be/observation/160702446/. • 1 larva, 1 mines; same locality; 06.ix.2018; leg. WB;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="50.4233" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="50.4233">50.4233°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.3141" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="6.3141">6.3141°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; https://waarnemingen.be/observation/162347416/. • 2 larvae, 7 mines; same locality; 08.viii.2019; leg. WB;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="50.4233" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="50.4233">50.4233°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.3152" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="6.3152">6.3152°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; https://waarnemingen.be/observation/178051781/. • 16 larvae, 26 mines; same locality; 10.viii.2019; leg. WB;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="50.4209" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="50.4209">50.4209°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.3182" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="6.3182">6.3182°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; https://waarnemingen.be/observation/179079003/. • 1 larva, 8 mines; same locality; 08.viii.2020; leg. WB;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="50.4246" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="50.4246">50.4246°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.3145" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="6.3145">6.3145°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; https://waarnemingen.be/observation/203156253/. • 19 larvae, 76 mines;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Liège">Liege</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Waimes, Rue du
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Poncé">Ponce</normalizedToken>
|
||
; 24.vii.2018; leg. Chris Steeman & Steve Wullaert;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="50.4387" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="50.4387">50.4387°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.1095" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="6.1095">6.1095°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; https://waarnemingen.be/observation/160817401/. • 3 larvae, 4 mines; same locality; 09.viii.2020; leg. Eric Wille;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="50.4384" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="50.4384">50.4384°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.1093" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="6.1093">6.1093°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; https://waarnemingen.be/observation/198140856/. • 14 larvae, 15 mines; Luxembourg, Vance, Marais de Vance; 02.vii.2017; leg. Wim Declercq;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="49.6719" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="49.6719">49.6719°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="5.6807" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="5.6807">5.6807°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; https://waarnemingen.be/observation/141082788/. • 7 larvae, 8 mines; Luxembourg, Volaiville,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vallée">Vallee</normalizedToken>
|
||
de la
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sûre">Sure</normalizedToken>
|
||
; 20.vi.2020; leg. WB;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="49.8658" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="49.8658">49.8658°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="5.6846" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="5.6846">5.6846°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; https://waarnemingen.be/observation/194673026/.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||
France • 1 vacated mine; Jura, Les Rousses; 08.viii.2020; leg. Wim Declercq;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="46.4963" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="46.4963">46.4963°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.0759" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="6.0759">6.0759°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; https://observation.org/observation/199070630/.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |