186 lines
20 KiB
XML
186 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:mods id="37214E8A5A8DAE19B6919204820A030F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3456B7970067FA83058A4F316BCDBAB4">
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<mods:title id="193AA508689933FB938DB8ABE1F2E21B">Cebidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2844DFA3BC40FB296630B72DA594506A">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4BBE7402A392883D07BCFB7F8F52DF78">Anthony B. Rylands</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AF13376801A9C2462E25FD41D4130DDD">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="59B1A3DEEEA4A63E26919B67092B8122">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="7AF283B58D54AC56E72A7B0D05A5D2F6">2013</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="9FBC175401BB811A9762584616C8C2B0" type="pubDate">2013-03-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="326D4654B632A52D5CD93DC22E29B3D8">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="72857885E5241D3587B3733115F2E732">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="5709D824345CD60EABE3537784B2A42E">
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<mods:title id="BC2A636138A78B5F84F55898EE91171C">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates</mods:title>
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<treatment id="560F8786B73328410DC2FE83351FF5CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6628287" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195828917" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6628287" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:560F8786B73328410DC2FE83351FF5CF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/560F8786B73328410DC2FE83351FF5CF" lastPageNumber="412" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">
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<subSubSection id="96BC651BB73328410DC2FE833A8FFEF8" box="[1432,1489,274,320]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="DE193690B73328410DC2FE833A8FFEF8" blockId="22.[1430,2584,274,440]" box="[1432,1489,274,320]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">
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<heading id="855181FCB73328410DC2FE833A8FFEF8" box="[1432,1489,274,320]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">
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<figureCitation id="469D2A15B73328410DC2FE833A8FFEF8" box="[1432,1489,274,320]" captionStart="Plate 26: Cebidae" captionStartId="17.[92,122,3319,3344]" captionTargetBox="[9,2709,14,3630]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="16. Maranon White-fronted Capuchin (Cebus yuracus), 17. Shock-headed Capuchin (Cebus cuscinus), 18. Spix’s White-fronted Capuchin (Cebus unicolor), 19. Humboldt’s White-fronted Capuchin (Cebus albifrons), 20. Guianan Weeper Capuchin (Cebus olivaceus), 21. Ka’apor Capuchin (Cebus kaapori), 22. Venezuelan Brown Capuchin (Cebus brunneus), 23. Sierra de Perija White-fronted Capuchin (Cebus leucocephalus), 24. Rio Cesar White-fronted Capuchin (Cebus cesarae), 25. Varied Whitefronted Capuchin (Cebus versicolor), 26. Santa Marta White-fronted Capuchin (Cebus malitiosus), 27. Ecuadorian White-fronted Capuchin (Cebus aequatorialis), 28. Colombian White-faced Capuchin (Cebus capucinus), 29. Panamanian White-faced Capuchin (Cebus imitator)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6628652" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6628652/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">28.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="96BC651BB73328410DB9FE8337F7FEF8" box="[1507,2217,274,320]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="DE193690B73328410DB9FE8337F7FEF8" blockId="22.[1430,2584,274,440]" box="[1507,2217,274,320]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">
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<heading id="855181FCB73328410DB9FE8337F7FEF8" box="[1507,2217,274,320]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">
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<vernacularName id="50A546BEB73328410DB9FE8337F7FEF8" box="[1507,2217,274,320]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">Colombian White-faced Capuchin</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="96BC651BB733284100BBFE833549FEF8" box="[2273,2583,274,320]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DE193690B733284100BBFE833549FEF8" blockId="22.[1430,2584,274,440]" box="[2273,2583,274,320]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">
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<heading id="855181FCB733284100BBFE833549FEF8" box="[2273,2583,274,320]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">
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<taxonomicName id="19A64D13B733284100BBFE833549FEF8" ID-CoL="RYZ5" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[2273,2583,274,320]" class="Mammalia" family="Cebidae" genus="Cebus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="22" pageNumber="412" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capucinus">
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<emphasis id="ECD2EA82B733284100BBFE833549FEF8" box="[2273,2583,274,320]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">Cebus capucinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="96BC651BB73328410DCDFEC03760FE0D" pageId="22" pageNumber="412" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="DE193690B73328410DCDFEC03549FEDE" blockId="22.[1430,2584,274,440]" box="[1431,2583,337,358]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">
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<heading id="855181FCB73328410DCDFEC03549FEDE" box="[1431,2583,337,358]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">
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<emphasis id="ECD2EA82B73328410DCDFEC03ABAFEDE" bold="true" box="[1431,1508,337,358]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="50A546BEB73328410DB7FEC039D0FEDE" box="[1517,1678,337,358]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">Sapajou capucin</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="ECD2EA82B73328410EF9FEC039A0FEDE" bold="true" box="[1699,1790,337,358]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="50A546BEB73328410F5CFEC03745FEDE" box="[1798,2075,337,358]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">\Weifl3schulter-Kapuzineraffe</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="ECD2EA82B7332841006AFEC037D2FEDE" bold="true" box="[2096,2188,337,358]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="50A546BEB733284100CFFEC03549FEDE" box="[2197,2583,337,358]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">Capuchino de cara blanca de Colombia</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DE193690B73328410DCDFEE93760FE0D" blockId="22.[1430,2584,274,440]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">
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<heading id="855181FCB73328410DCDFEE93760FE0D" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">
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<emphasis id="ECD2EA82B73328410DCDFEE939D3FE35" bold="true" box="[1431,1677,376,397]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="50A546BEB73328410ECCFEE938D6FE35" box="[1686,1928,376,397]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">\White-headed Capuchin</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="50A546BEB73328410FCEFEE93956FE0D" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">White-throated Capuchin; Colombian White-faced Capuchin (capucinus)</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="50A546BEB73328410E4CFE313760FE0D" box="[1558,2110,416,437]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">Gorgona White-faced/White-throated Capuchin (curtus)</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="96BC651BB73328410FA5FE773716FD92" pageId="22" pageNumber="412" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="DE193690B73328410FA5FE773716FD92" blockId="22.[2046,2633,486,909]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">
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<emphasis id="ECD2EA82B73328410FA5FE7737C4FDBB" bold="true" box="[2047,2202,486,515]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="19A64D13B7332841009AFE77371DFD92" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Cebidae" genus="Simia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="22" pageNumber="412" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capucina">Simia capucina Linnaeus, 1758</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="96BC651BB7332841000FFD9C36ABFDEA" pageId="22" pageNumber="412" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="DE193690B7332841000FFD9C36ABFDEA" blockId="22.[2046,2633,486,909]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">
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<materialsCitation id="6ECE3CCDB7332841000FFD9C36ABFDEA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3804722325" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">Colombia. Restricted by E. A. Goldman in 1914 to northern Colombia.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="96BC651BB7332841005AFDC93662FD57" pageId="22" pageNumber="412" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="DE193690B7332841005AFDC93662FD57" blockId="22.[2046,2633,486,909]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">
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Intermediates between
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<taxonomicName id="19A64D13B73328410100FDC9355BFDC1" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[2394,2565,600,633]" class="Mammalia" family="Cebidae" genus="Cebus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="22" pageNumber="412" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capucinus">C. capucinus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="19A64D13B73328410058FD1137CAFD19" box="[2050,2196,640,673]" class="Mammalia" family="Cebidae" genus="Cebus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="22" pageNumber="412" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albifrons">C. albifrons</taxonomicName>
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occur in the middle San Jorge Valley, lower Rio Cauca, Colombia. Two subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="96BC651BB73328410FA5FD673775FC64" pageId="22" pageNumber="412" type="distribution">
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<caption id="8AD96618B73328410FA5FD673775FC64" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6628630" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6628630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6628630/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="412" targetBox="[1433,2015,495,904]" targetPageId="22">
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<paragraph id="DE193690B73328410FA5FD6739A5FC0C" blockId="22.[2046,2633,486,909]" lastBlockId="22.[1429,2636,915,2679]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">
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<emphasis id="ECD2EA82B73328410FA5FD6736D1FCAF" bold="true" box="[2047,2447,758,791]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="19A64D13B73328410058FCB03516FC35" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Cebidae" genus="Cebus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="22" pageNumber="412" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="capucinus" subSpecies="capucinus">C.c.capucinusLinnaeus,1758—EPanama,WColombia(Pacificcoastalregion),andNWEcuador(SasfarastheRioEs-</taxonomicName>
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meraldas-Guayllabamba).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DE193690B73328410DC0FC523775FC64" blockId="22.[1429,2636,915,2679]" box="[1434,2091,963,988]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">
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<taxonomicName id="19A64D13B73328410DC0FC523989FC64" authority="Bangs, 1905" authorityName="Bangs" authorityYear="1905" box="[1434,1751,963,988]" class="Mammalia" family="Cebidae" genus="Cebus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="22" pageNumber="412" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="capucinus" subSpecies="curtus">C. c. curtus Bangs, 1905</taxonomicName>
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— Gorgona I, Colombia.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="96BC651BB73328410DCDFC73356FFADD" pageId="22" pageNumber="412" type="description">
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<paragraph id="DE193690B73328410DCDFC73356FFADD" blockId="22.[1429,2636,915,2679]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">
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<emphasis id="ECD2EA82B73328410DCDFC7339CDFBBB" bold="true" box="[1431,1683,994,1027]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 33-45 cm, tail 35-55 cm; weight 3-4 kg (males) and 1.5-3 kg (females). Male Colombian White-faced Capuchins are ¢.27% larger than females. They are relatively slender in build. The body, crown, limbs, and tail are black. The chest is white, extending forward to the face and front of the crown and upward to the shoulders and upper arms. The hairs on the cap form a distinctive black “V” shape. Longer forehead and crown hairs on older individuals may form a ruff, and the white area on the forehead tends to become thinly haired or even somewhat bald with age. The “Colombian White-faced Capuchin” (C. ¢.
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<taxonomicName id="19A64D13B73328410073FB6437F7FAAE" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[2089,2217,1269,1302]" class="Mammalia" family="Cebidae" genus="Cebus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="22" pageNumber="412" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capucinus">capucinus</taxonomicName>
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) is black with white or yellowish-white on the face, front of the crown, throat, and shoulders. The “Gorgona Whitefaced Capuchin” (C. ¢. curtus) is a small and relatively short-tailed insular subspecies.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="96BC651BB73328410DCDFAFA361AF9E9" pageId="22" pageNumber="412" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="DE193690B73328410DCDFAFA361AF9E9" blockId="22.[1429,2636,915,2679]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">
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<emphasis id="ECD2EA82B73328410DCDFAFA3958FA34" bold="true" box="[1431,1542,1387,1420]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Variety of habitats, preferring terra firma primary forest or older secondary forest, but also occurs in seasonally inundated forests, remnant degraded forest patches with Scheelea magdalenica palms (food and sleeping sites), mangroves, and deciduous dry forest in both lowland and montane areas. On the western slopes of the Andes, Colombian White-faced Capuchins occur up to elevations of 1800-2100 m. They prefer the canopy but use all levels of the forest, and go to the ground.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="96BC651BB73328410DCDF9C63876F956" pageId="22" pageNumber="412" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="DE193690B73328410DCDF9C63876F956" blockId="22.[1429,2636,915,2679]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">
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<emphasis id="ECD2EA82B73328410DCDF9C639C3F9C0" bold="true" box="[1431,1693,1623,1656]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Colombian White-faced Capuchin eats mainly ripe fruits and insects, but also leaves, flowers, and bird eggs. The Gorgona White-faced Capuchin eats oysters, which they open by banging them with stones. They catch and eat crabs at low tide and raid corn crops.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="96BC651BB73328410DCDF9653621F8DC" pageId="22" pageNumber="412" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="DE193690B73328410DCDF9653621F8DC" blockId="22.[1429,2636,915,2679]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">
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<emphasis id="ECD2EA82B73328410DCDF9653943F8AD" bold="true" box="[1431,1565,1780,1813]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Female Colombian White-faced Capuchins give birth to a single young every two years. Gestation is 157-167 days. Births may occur at any time of the year but reach a peak in December—April. They have been known to live over 40 years.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="96BC651BB73328410DCFF8FE3663F834" box="[1429,2365,1903,1932]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412" type="activity">
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||
<paragraph id="DE193690B73328410DCFF8FE3663F834" blockId="22.[1429,2636,915,2679]" box="[1429,2365,1903,1932]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">
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<emphasis id="ECD2EA82B73328410DCFF8FE39DEF834" bold="true" box="[1429,1664,1903,1932]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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There is no information available for this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="96BC651BB73328410DCDF803351BF77E" pageId="22" pageNumber="412" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="DE193690B73328410DCDF803351BF77E" blockId="22.[1429,2636,915,2679]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">
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<emphasis id="ECD2EA82B73328410DCDF8033700F80B" bold="true" box="[1431,2142,1938,1971]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Group sizes of Colombian Whitefaced Capuchins are 6-24 individuals. There have been no studies in the wild, and the large majority of what is known about white-headed capuchins comes from studies of populations in Central America. Until recently, these were considered to be synonymous with the Colombian White-faced Capuchin, but they are now classified as the Panamanian White-faced Capuchin (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="19A64D13B73328410FC7F7CA3773F7C0" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" box="[1949,2093,2139,2168]" class="Mammalia" family="Cebidae" genus="Cebus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="22" pageNumber="412" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imitator">C. imitator</taxonomicName>
|
||
). There is no doubt, however, that ecological and behavioral aspects of the Colombian White-faced Capuchin will be broadly similar to, or the same as, those of the well-known Panamanian White-faced Capuchin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="96BC651BB73328410DCDF75C3911F590" pageId="22" pageNumber="412" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="DE193690B73328410DCDF75C3911F590" blockId="22.[1429,2636,915,2679]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECD2EA82B73328410DCDF75C39AEF756" bold="true" box="[1431,1776,2253,2286]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Least Concern on The [UCN Red List, with the Gorgona White-faced Capuchin classified as Vulnerable. The Colombian White-faced Capuchin is hunted and trapped in some areas as a crop pest. Many populations are threatened by deforestation. The nominate subspecies, the Colombian White-headed Capuchin, occurs in Chagres, Darién, and Portobelo national parks in Panama, Cotacachi-Cayapas Ecological Reserve and Los Cedros Protected Forest in Ecuador, and Ensenada de Utria, Farallones de Cali, and Los Katios national natural parks in Colombia. The Gorgona White-faced Capuchin occurs in Gorgona National Natural Park.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="96BC651BB73328410DC2F5A6351FF5CF" pageId="22" pageNumber="412" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="DE193690B73328410DC2F5A6351FF5CF" blockId="22.[1429,2636,915,2679]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECD2EA82B73328410DC2F5A6396FF5E8" bold="true" box="[1432,1585,2615,2640]" pageId="22" pageNumber="412">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Boubli et al. (2012), Defler (2003b, 2004), Freese & Oppenheimer (1981), Hernandez-Camacho & Cooper (1976), Hill (1960), Jack (2011), Ruiz-Garcia, Castillo et al. (2010), Rylands et al. (2006), Tirira (2007).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |