treatments-xml/data/03/C4/1A/03C41A4F5D1160302A8047F6CB0B2E96.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5258.1.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7773275" ID-ZooBank="D5B78BB6-E7AB-4CB8-B202-AA617E06F915" checkinTime="1679898889705" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Srinivasan, Pandiarajan, Sivaruban, T., Barathy, S. &amp; Isack, Rajasekaran" docDate="2023" docId="03C41A4F5D1160302A8047F6CB0B2E96" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5258.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5258 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.1.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Caenis venkataramani Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack 2023, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="58" masterDocId="FFFD62375D1C60232A174607CF3D287F" masterDocTitle="Contribution to the knowledge of family Caenidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Madurai District, Tamil Nadu" masterLastPageNumber="75" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1679942429026" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title>Contribution to the knowledge of family Caenidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Madurai District, Tamil Nadu</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Srinivasan, Pandiarajan</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-8118-3256</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>PG &amp; Research department of Zoology, The American College (affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Madurai- 625002, India. Department of Zoology, Fatima College (affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Madurai- 625018, India. barathyruban @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9464 - 6464 &amp; srini 15.05.1996 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8118 - 3256</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">srini15.05.1996@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart>Sivaruban, T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>PG &amp; Research department of Zoology, The American College (affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Madurai- 625002, India. Department of Zoology, Fatima College (affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Madurai- 625018, India. barathyruban @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9464 - 6464</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Barathy, S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">barathyruban@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Isack, Rajasekaran</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-9952-4335</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>PG &amp; Research department of Zoology, The American College (affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Madurai- 625002, India. Department of Zoology, Fatima College (affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Madurai- 625018, India. barathyruban @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9464 - 6464 &amp; iceisack 143 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9952 - 4335</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2023-03-27</mods:number>
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<mods:number>5258</mods:number>
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:start>39</mods:start>
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<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,425,496,523]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venkataramani" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,425,496,523]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Caenis venkataramani</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[432,498,497,523]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
<figureCitation box="[159,294,533,560]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 58–63" captionStart-1="FIGURES 64–67" captionStart-2="FIGURES 68–70" captionStart-3="FIGURES 71–75" captionStart-4="FIGURES 76–80" captionStart-5="FIGURES 81–84" captionStart-6="FIGURES 85–91" captionStart-7="FIGURES 92–96" captionStart-8="FIGURES 97–99" captionStartId-0="14.[152,270,1023,1047]" captionStartId-1="14.[152,270,1977,2001]" captionStartId-2="16.[152,270,1070,1094]" captionStartId-3="16.[152,270,1977,2001]" captionStartId-4="17.[152,270,1038,1062]" captionStartId-5="17.[152,270,1977,2001]" captionStartId-6="18.[152,270,1008,1032]" captionStartId-7="18.[152,270,1971,1995]" captionStartId-8="19.[152,270,1205,1229]" captionTargetBox-0="[215,1373,181,999]" captionTargetBox-1="[220,1367,1144,1954]" captionTargetBox-2="[181,1406,181,1047]" captionTargetBox-3="[203,1385,1119,1954]" captionTargetBox-4="[204,1383,181,1015]" captionTargetBox-5="[206,1381,1123,1954]" captionTargetBox-6="[225,1362,181,985]" captionTargetBox-7="[215,1371,1129,1948]" captionTargetBox-8="[151,1436,273,1181]" captionTargetId-0="figure-21@14.[215,1373,181,999]" captionTargetId-1="figure-75@14.[220,1367,1144,1954]" captionTargetId-2="figure-21@16.[181,1406,181,1047]" captionTargetId-3="figure-47@16.[203,1385,1119,1954]" captionTargetId-4="figure-19@17.[204,1383,181,1015]" captionTargetId-5="figure-48@17.[206,1381,1123,1954]" captionTargetId-6="figure-21@18.[225,1362,181,985]" captionTargetId-7="figure-64@18.[215,1371,1129,1948]" captionTargetId-8="figure-63@19.[151,1436,273,1181]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionTargetPageId-2="16" captionTargetPageId-3="16" captionTargetPageId-4="17" captionTargetPageId-5="17" captionTargetPageId-6="18" captionTargetPageId-7="18" captionTargetPageId-8="19" captionText-0="FIGURES 58–63. Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (58) dorsal view of male imago; (59) closer view of head and thorax of male imago; (60) abdominal terga of male imago; (61) head, dorsal view of male imago; (62) prosternal triangle of male imago; (62) prosternal triangle of female imago." captionText-1="FIGURES 64–67. Male imago of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (64) foretarsi; (65) closer view of foretarsomere segment III; (66) male genitalia; (67) forceps and penis." captionText-2="FIGURES 68–70. Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (68) female imago; (69) larva; (70) larva in the shell of Pila sp." captionText-3="FIGURES 71–75. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (71) antenna; (72) labrum; (73) labrum and hypopharynx; (74) right mandible; (75) left mandible." captionText-4="FIGURES 76–80. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (76) maxilla; (77) labium; (78) paraglossa and labial palp; (79) mesonotum; (80) foreclaw." captionText-5="FIGURES 81–84. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (81) foreleg; (82) forefemur; (83) transverse row of setation in forefemur; (84) midleg." captionText-6="FIGURES 85–91. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (85) midclaw; (86) hindfemur; (87) hindtibia and tarus; (88) hindtibia setation; (89) hindtarsus setation; (90) hindclaw; (91) closer view of hindclaw (arrow indicates three minute basal denticles)." captionText-7="FIGURES 92–96. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (92) dorsal view of tergalius II; (93) detail of microtrichia in tergalius II; (94) tergalius III; (95) hind margin of terga VII–X; (96) shape of sternum IX." captionText-8="FIGURES 97–99. SEM view of eggs of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (97) closer view; (98) entire view; (99) micropyle." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773306" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773308" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773310" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773312" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773315" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773317" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773319" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773321" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773323" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7773306/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7773308/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7773310/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7773312/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7773315/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/7773317/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/7773319/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/7773321/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/7773323/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Figs. 58–99</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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L-S-IJ, South 
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&amp; 
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(Reg. No. 
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– 
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/I/E/743)
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. 
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<typeStatus box="[1206,1323,635,660]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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L-S-I 
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(
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– 
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L-S-IJ, 1 L-S-I 
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(
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. 2 L-S-IJ,
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&amp; 
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L-S-I 
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C41A4F5D1160302A8047F6CB0B2E96:8EB2FD825D11602E28AF4500CC442B5E" box="[696,889,775,801]" country="India" county="South" longitude="78.11639" municipality="Madurai District" name="Madurai District" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">Madurai District</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C41A4F5D1160302A8047F6CB0B2E96:8EB2FD825D11602E299F4500CB2F2B5E" box="[904,1042,775,801]" country="India" county="South" longitude="78.11639" municipality="Madurai District" name="Vaigai river" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">Vaigai river</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1057,1190,777,804]" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="95" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" seconds="52" value="9.95">9°95′52 ′′N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1206,1339,777,804]" degrees="78" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" precision="15" seconds="59" value="78.11639">78°06′59′′E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity box="[1354,1431,776,802]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="192.0">
<elevation box="[1354,1431,776,802]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="192.0">192 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date box="[151,281,811,837]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" value="2021-06-16">
<collectingDate box="[151,281,811,837]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" value="2021-06-16">16.VI.2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, colls. 
<collectorName box="[360,504,811,837]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">P. Srinivasan</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[540,632,811,837]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">R. Isack</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode box="[646,712,811,837]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2xyg-zxc2" name="Department of Biologics Research" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">AMC</collectionCode>
/ZN/202).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="52" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,599,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,322,846,872]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[330,584,846,872]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venkataramani" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[330,584,846,872]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Caenis venkataramani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[593,658,846,872]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[593,658,846,872]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
can be distinguished from all other 
<taxonomicName box="[1072,1240,846,872]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis box="[1072,1150,846,872]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Caenis</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
by the following combination of characters: Imago: 1) terga I–VI whitish with transverse black tinges (
<figureCitation box="[1132,1218,881,907]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–63" captionStartId="14.[152,270,1023,1047]" captionTargetBox="[215,1373,181,999]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[215,1373,181,999]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 58–63. Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (58) dorsal view of male imago; (59) closer view of head and thorax of male imago; (60) abdominal terga of male imago; (61) head, dorsal view of male imago; (62) prosternal triangle of male imago; (62) prosternal triangle of female imago." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773306/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
); 2) scutellum pale (
<figureCitation box="[159,242,916,943]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–63" captionStartId="14.[152,270,1023,1047]" captionTargetBox="[215,1373,181,999]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[215,1373,181,999]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 58–63. Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (58) dorsal view of male imago; (59) closer view of head and thorax of male imago; (60) abdominal terga of male imago; (61) head, dorsal view of male imago; (62) prosternal triangle of male imago; (62) prosternal triangle of female imago." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773306/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
); 3) base of antennal flagellum not dilated; 4) prosternal sclerite bell-shaped (
<figureCitation box="[1088,1170,916,942]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–63" captionStartId="14.[152,270,1023,1047]" captionTargetBox="[215,1373,181,999]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[215,1373,181,999]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 58–63. Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (58) dorsal view of male imago; (59) closer view of head and thorax of male imago; (60) abdominal terga of male imago; (61) head, dorsal view of male imago; (62) prosternal triangle of male imago; (62) prosternal triangle of female imago." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773306/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
); 5) foretarsus segments 2–4 each with a small tongue-shaped apico-median projection (
<figureCitation box="[857,941,951,977]" captionStart="FIGURES 64–67" captionStartId="14.[152,270,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[220,1367,1144,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-75@14.[220,1367,1144,1954]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 64–67. Male imago of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (64) foretarsi; (65) closer view of foretarsomere segment III; (66) male genitalia; (67) forceps and penis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773308/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
); 6) penis narrow, more or less heart shaped, medio-laterally with short rounded lobes, hind margin with a well-developed medial incision; (
<figureCitation box="[1204,1285,987,1013]" captionStart="FIGURES 64–67" captionStartId="14.[152,270,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[220,1367,1144,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-75@14.[220,1367,1144,1954]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 64–67. Male imago of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (64) foretarsi; (65) closer view of foretarsomere segment III; (66) male genitalia; (67) forceps and penis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773308/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 66</figureCitation>
) 7) basal half of forceps broad, abruptly narrowed in the apical part, apically with a long spine (
<figureCitation box="[1051,1134,1022,1048]" captionStart="FIGURES 64–67" captionStartId="14.[152,270,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[220,1367,1144,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-75@14.[220,1367,1144,1954]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 64–67. Male imago of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (64) foretarsi; (65) closer view of foretarsomere segment III; (66) male genitalia; (67) forceps and penis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773308/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
). Larva: 1) genae distinctly bulged; 2) mesonotum with margins denticulate with slight bulging (
<figureCitation box="[933,1018,1057,1083]" captionStart="FIGURES 76–80" captionStartId="17.[152,270,1038,1062]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,181,1015]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[204,1383,181,1015]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 76–80. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (76) maxilla; (77) labium; (78) paraglossa and labial palp; (79) mesonotum; (80) foreclaw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773315/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 79</figureCitation>
); 3) forefemur with a transverse row of 6–7 strongly developed spatulate setae (
<figureCitation box="[644,731,1092,1118]" captionStart="FIGURES 81–84" captionStartId="17.[152,270,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,1123,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-48@17.[206,1381,1123,1954]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 81–84. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (81) foreleg; (82) forefemur; (83) transverse row of setation in forefemur; (84) midleg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773317/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 82</figureCitation>
); 4) hindclaw strongly bent with 3 very small basal denticles and a row of microdenticles (
<figureCitation box="[482,566,1127,1154]" captionStart="FIGURES 85–91" captionStartId="18.[152,270,1008,1032]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,181,985]" captionTargetId="figure-21@18.[225,1362,181,985]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 85–91. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (85) midclaw; (86) hindfemur; (87) hindtibia and tarus; (88) hindtibia setation; (89) hindtarsus setation; (90) hindclaw; (91) closer view of hindclaw (arrow indicates three minute basal denticles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773319/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 91</figureCitation>
); 5) tergalius II with Y-shaped ridges poorly developed, inner one posteriorly reduced (
<figureCitation box="[257,343,1163,1189]" captionStart="FIGURES 92–96" captionStartId="18.[152,270,1971,1995]" captionTargetBox="[215,1371,1129,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-64@18.[215,1371,1129,1948]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 92–96. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (92) dorsal view of tergalius II; (93) detail of microtrichia in tergalius II; (94) tergalius III; (95) hind margin of terga VII–X; (96) shape of sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773321/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 92</figureCitation>
); 6) hind margin of sternum IX broadly or triangularly rounded (
<figureCitation box="[1084,1170,1163,1189]" captionStart="FIGURES 92–96" captionStartId="18.[152,270,1971,1995]" captionTargetBox="[215,1371,1129,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-64@18.[215,1371,1129,1948]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 92–96. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (92) dorsal view of tergalius II; (93) detail of microtrichia in tergalius II; (94) tergalius III; (95) hind margin of terga VII–X; (96) shape of sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773321/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 96</figureCitation>
); 7) shagreen on dorsal side of sternum IX with 8–9 irregular rows of very small denticles parallel to the hind margin. Egg: 1) two cap-like epithemata at the poles (
<figureCitation box="[433,519,1233,1259]" captionStart="FIGURES 97–99" captionStartId="19.[152,270,1205,1229]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1181]" captionTargetId="figure-63@19.[151,1436,273,1181]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 97–99. SEM view of eggs of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (97) closer view; (98) entire view; (99) micropyle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773323/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 97</figureCitation>
); 2) chorionic surface smooth with transverse slender micropylar canal between polar caps (
<figureCitation box="[281,365,1268,1294]" captionStart="FIGURES 97–99" captionStartId="19.[152,270,1205,1229]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1181]" captionTargetId="figure-63@19.[151,1436,273,1181]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 97–99. SEM view of eggs of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (97) closer view; (98) entire view; (99) micropyle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773323/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 98</figureCitation>
); 3) micropyle small with mouth not broadened (
<figureCitation box="[914,998,1268,1294]" captionStart="FIGURES 97–99" captionStartId="19.[152,270,1205,1229]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1181]" captionTargetId="figure-63@19.[151,1436,273,1181]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 97–99. SEM view of eggs of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (97) closer view; (98) entire view; (99) micropyle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773323/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 99</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,599,2035]" box="[199,345,1303,1329]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,1303,1329]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Description.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,599,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,339,1338,1365]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Male imago</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[354,435,1338,1365]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–63" captionStartId="14.[152,270,1023,1047]" captionTargetBox="[215,1373,181,999]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[215,1373,181,999]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 58–63. Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (58) dorsal view of male imago; (59) closer view of head and thorax of male imago; (60) abdominal terga of male imago; (61) head, dorsal view of male imago; (62) prosternal triangle of male imago; (62) prosternal triangle of female imago." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773306/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis box="[457,627,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Measurements.</emphasis>
Body length: 
<quantity box="[784,872,1339,1365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
; forewing length: 
<quantity box="[1074,1163,1339,1365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
; foreleg length: 
<quantity box="[1343,1432,1339,1365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
; midleg length: 
<quantity box="[325,415,1374,1400]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
; hindleg length: 
<quantity box="[608,699,1374,1400]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
; cercus length: 
<quantity box="[879,970,1374,1400]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="7.8">7.8 mm</quantity>
. Ratios. Head (see 
<bibRefCitation author="Malzacher, P." box="[1192,1378,1374,1401]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52" pagination="27 - 47" refId="ref17952" refString="Malzacher, P. (2015) Revision of the Oriental species of the genus Caenis Stephens (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Caenidae). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie, 8, 27 - 47." type="journal article" year="2015">Malzacher 2015</bibRefCitation>
; 
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 4–7" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1421,1445]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1397]" captionTargetId="figure-141@3.[151,1436,489,1397]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4–7. SEM view of eggs of Caenis americani Srinivasan et al. 2021: (4) entire view; (5) epithemata; (6) closer view of chorion; (7) micropyle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773280/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 4k</figureCitation>
): c: a = 2.3, a: b = 1; Leg: fore femur: fore tibia = 0.61; fore tibia: fore tarsus = 1.66; fore leg: hind leg = 1.6; segments of fore tarsus 1st: 2nd: 3rd: 4th: 5th = 1: 4.5: 3.1: 2.7: 1.4
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,599,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis box="[199,330,1479,1505]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Coloration.</emphasis>
Head: Vertex with a dark brownish transverse band between lateral ocelli. Antenna: scape and pedicel pale. Thorax (
<figureCitation box="[398,484,1514,1541]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–63" captionStartId="14.[152,270,1023,1047]" captionTargetBox="[215,1373,181,999]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[215,1373,181,999]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 58–63. Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (58) dorsal view of male imago; (59) closer view of head and thorax of male imago; (60) abdominal terga of male imago; (61) head, dorsal view of male imago; (62) prosternal triangle of male imago; (62) prosternal triangle of female imago." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773306/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
): Pronotum with two black spots submedially and dark stripes laterally. Mesonotum dark brownish with stripes in the lateral areas; scutellum pale; mesonotal suture darkly pigmented; prosternum light brownish with dark stripes laterally, mesosternum, and metasternum light brownish, laterally with dark stripes. Wings hyaline, costa and subcostal veins reddish-brown. Legs whitish, except apical part of femora with a dark brownish patch; tibia dark brownish. Abdomen (
<figureCitation box="[705,791,1655,1681]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–63" captionStartId="14.[152,270,1023,1047]" captionTargetBox="[215,1373,181,999]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[215,1373,181,999]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 58–63. Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (58) dorsal view of male imago; (59) closer view of head and thorax of male imago; (60) abdominal terga of male imago; (61) head, dorsal view of male imago; (62) prosternal triangle of male imago; (62) prosternal triangle of female imago." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773306/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
): General coloration of terga whitish; terga I–VI whitish with transverse black tinges; terga VII–IX whitish with darkened lateral areas. Cerci translucent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,599,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis box="[199,260,1726,1752]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[276,360,1726,1752]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–63" captionStartId="14.[152,270,1023,1047]" captionTargetBox="[215,1373,181,999]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[215,1373,181,999]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 58–63. Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (58) dorsal view of male imago; (59) closer view of head and thorax of male imago; (60) abdominal terga of male imago; (61) head, dorsal view of male imago; (62) prosternal triangle of male imago; (62) prosternal triangle of female imago." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773306/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
). Fore margin between lateral and frontal ocelli straight. Pedicel two times the length of scape. Base of the antennal flagellum not dilated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,599,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis box="[199,288,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Thorax.</emphasis>
Prosternal sclerites strong, forming an apically blunt or protruded isosceles triangle, without transverse strip (
<figureCitation box="[218,358,1831,1857]" captionStart="FIGURES 58–63" captionStartId="14.[152,270,1023,1047]" captionTargetBox="[215,1373,181,999]" captionTargetId="figure-21@14.[215,1373,181,999]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 58–63. Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (58) dorsal view of male imago; (59) closer view of head and thorax of male imago; (60) abdominal terga of male imago; (61) head, dorsal view of male imago; (62) prosternal triangle of male imago; (62) prosternal triangle of female imago." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773306/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Figs. 62, 63</figureCitation>
). Foretarsus segments 2–4 each with a small tongue-shaped apico-median projection (
<figureCitation box="[1345,1428,1831,1857]" captionStart="FIGURES 64–67" captionStartId="14.[152,270,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[220,1367,1144,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-75@14.[220,1367,1144,1954]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 64–67. Male imago of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (64) foretarsi; (65) closer view of foretarsomere segment III; (66) male genitalia; (67) forceps and penis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773308/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
) equipped with strong small spines (
<figureCitation box="[548,632,1866,1893]" captionStart="FIGURES 64–67" captionStartId="14.[152,270,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[220,1367,1144,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-75@14.[220,1367,1144,1954]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 64–67. Male imago of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (64) foretarsi; (65) closer view of foretarsomere segment III; (66) male genitalia; (67) forceps and penis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773308/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 65</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1437,599,2035]" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis box="[199,305,1902,1928]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Tergum II without a finger-like process. Lateral filaments short. Genitalia and sternum IX as in 
<figureCitation box="[151,237,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIGURES 64–67" captionStartId="14.[152,270,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[220,1367,1144,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-75@14.[220,1367,1144,1954]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 64–67. Male imago of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (64) foretarsi; (65) closer view of foretarsomere segment III; (66) male genitalia; (67) forceps and penis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773308/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 66</figureCitation>
. Penis narrow, more or less heart shaped, medio-laterally with short rounded lobes, hind margin with a well-developed medial incision (
<figureCitation box="[521,607,1972,1998]" captionStart="FIGURES 64–67" captionStartId="14.[152,270,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[220,1367,1144,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-75@14.[220,1367,1144,1954]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 64–67. Male imago of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (64) foretarsi; (65) closer view of foretarsomere segment III; (66) male genitalia; (67) forceps and penis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773308/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
); styliger sclerite with very short apophyses. Basal half of forceps broad, abruptly narrowed in the apical part, apically with a long spine (
<figureCitation box="[869,953,2008,2034]" captionStart="FIGURES 64–67" captionStartId="14.[152,270,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[220,1367,1144,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-75@14.[220,1367,1144,1954]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 64–67. Male imago of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (64) foretarsi; (65) closer view of foretarsomere segment III; (66) male genitalia; (67) forceps and penis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773308/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="52">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773306" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7773306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773306/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" startId="14.[152,270,1023,1047]" targetBox="[215,1373,181,999]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1436,1023,1119]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,347,1023,1047]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">FIGURES 58–63.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[353,582,1023,1047]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venkataramani" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[353,582,1023,1047]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Caenis venkataramani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[588,645,1024,1048]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[588,645,1024,1048]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: (58) dorsal view of male imago; (59) closer view of head and thorax of male imago; (60) abdominal terga of male imago; (61) head, dorsal view of male imago; (62) prosternal triangle of male imago; (62) prosternal triangle of female imago.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773308" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7773308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773308/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" startId="14.[152,270,1977,2001]" targetBox="[220,1367,1144,1954]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1436,1977,2038]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,347,1977,2002]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">FIGURES 64–67.</emphasis>
Male imago of 
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[510,739,1978,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venkataramani" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[510,739,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">Caenis venkataramani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[746,804,1978,2002]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[746,804,1978,2002]" pageId="14" pageNumber="53" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: (64) foretarsi; (65) closer view of foretarsomere segment III; (66) male genitalia; (67) forceps and penis.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,1200,150,177]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,366,150,177]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Female imago</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[382,463,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 68–70" captionStartId="16.[152,270,1070,1094]" captionTargetBox="[181,1406,181,1047]" captionTargetId="figure-21@16.[181,1406,181,1047]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 68–70. Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (68) female imago; (69) larva; (70) larva in the shell of Pila sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773310/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 68</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis box="[485,655,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Measurements.</emphasis>
Body length: 
<quantity box="[814,903,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="5.3">5.3 mm</quantity>
; forewing length: 
<quantity box="[1107,1196,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Coloration is similar to that of males. Terga I–VI transverse band strongly pronounced compared to that of males.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,360,259,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Mature larva</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[377,461,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 68–70" captionStartId="16.[152,270,1070,1094]" captionTargetBox="[181,1406,181,1047]" captionTargetId="figure-21@16.[181,1406,181,1047]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 68–70. Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (68) female imago; (69) larva; (70) larva in the shell of Pila sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773310/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 69</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis box="[485,655,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Measurements.</emphasis>
Body length (
<figureCitation box="[820,906,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 8–15" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1745,1769]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-296@4.[151,1436,813,1721]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8–15. Caenis maduraiensis Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja, 2021: (8) male imago (holotype); (9) head of male imago; (10) forceps; (11) forefemur of larval exuvia; (12) hindfemur of larval exuvia; (13) hindclaw; (14) sternum IX of male larval exuvia; (15) shagreen field in the dorsal surface of sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773282" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773282/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
): 
<quantity box="[929,1066,258,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="4.9" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="5.1" valueMin="4.9">4.9–5.1 mm</quantity>
in female; 
<quantity box="[1198,1335,258,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="3.4" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.3">3.3–3.5 mm</quantity>
in male. Cerci length: 
<quantity box="[304,439,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="3.2">3.2–3.3 mm</quantity>
in female; 
<quantity box="[565,700,294,321]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="1.55" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.6 mm</quantity>
in male. Antennae length: 
<quantity box="[1001,1139,294,321]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="1.6" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.7 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis box="[199,267,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Head.</emphasis>
Length 
<quantity box="[366,471,330,357]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.54">0.54 mm</quantity>
, width 
<quantity box="[558,664,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.82">0.82 mm</quantity>
. General coloration brown, vertex with a dark brownish transverse band between lateral ocelli. Hind margin without setae, antenna with fine, thin setae on each articulation. Pedicel two times the length of scape and with 3–4 simple setae on lateral margins (
<figureCitation box="[1033,1118,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 71–75" captionStartId="16.[152,270,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,1119,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-47@16.[203,1385,1119,1954]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 71–75. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (71) antenna; (72) labrum; (73) labrum and hypopharynx; (74) right mandible; (75) left mandible." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773312/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 71</figureCitation>
), genae distinctly bulged in lateral view. Mouthparts: Labrum (
<figureCitation box="[552,636,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 71–75" captionStartId="16.[152,270,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,1119,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-47@16.[203,1385,1119,1954]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 71–75. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (71) antenna; (72) labrum; (73) labrum and hypopharynx; (74) right mandible; (75) left mandible." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773312/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 72</figureCitation>
) twice as broad as long, medial emargination with thick setae, lateral margin with long simple setae, dorsal and ventral surface with scattered long, fine simple setae. Hypopharynx (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 71–75" captionStartId="16.[152,270,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,1119,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-47@16.[203,1385,1119,1954]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 71–75. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (71) antenna; (72) labrum; (73) labrum and hypopharynx; (74) right mandible; (75) left mandible." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773312/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 73</figureCitation>
) with minute hair-like setae on the apical margin and superlingua with long simple setae on the lateral margins. Right mandible. Outer incisor with three denticles and inner incisor with two denticles; medial margin with a small process between mola and incisors (
<figureCitation box="[565,652,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 71–75" captionStartId="16.[152,270,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,1119,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-47@16.[203,1385,1119,1954]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 71–75. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (71) antenna; (72) labrum; (73) labrum and hypopharynx; (74) right mandible; (75) left mandible." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773312/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 74</figureCitation>
). Left mandible. Outer incisor with five denticles; inner incisor with three denticles; medial margin without any process between mola and incisors (
<figureCitation box="[1067,1154,618,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 71–75" captionStartId="16.[152,270,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,1119,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-47@16.[203,1385,1119,1954]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 71–75. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (71) antenna; (72) labrum; (73) labrum and hypopharynx; (74) right mandible; (75) left mandible." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773312/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 75</figureCitation>
). The dorsal surface and outer margin of both mandibles scattered with a row of long, simple setae. Maxilla (
<figureCitation box="[1133,1220,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURES 76–80" captionStartId="17.[152,270,1038,1062]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,181,1015]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[204,1383,181,1015]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 76–80. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (76) maxilla; (77) labium; (78) paraglossa and labial palp; (79) mesonotum; (80) foreclaw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773315/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 76</figureCitation>
). Three-segmented maxillary palp and with a ratio of 1: 0.6: 1; segment I with a row of five curved, spine-like setae on the outer margin; segment III with a longitudinal row of long simple setae near the inner marginal surface. Labium (
<figureCitation box="[1256,1340,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURES 76–80" captionStartId="17.[152,270,1038,1062]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,181,1015]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[204,1383,181,1015]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 76–80. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (76) maxilla; (77) labium; (78) paraglossa and labial palp; (79) mesonotum; (80) foreclaw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773315/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 77</figureCitation>
). Glossa and paraglossa scattered with long, spine-like setae; three-segmented labial palp with length ratio of 1: 0.8: 0.6 (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 76–80" captionStartId="17.[152,270,1038,1062]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,181,1015]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[204,1383,181,1015]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 76–80. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (76) maxilla; (77) labium; (78) paraglossa and labial palp; (79) mesonotum; (80) foreclaw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773315/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 77</figureCitation>
); segment I with a row of ten bipinnate bristles in the outer margin, segment II with long hair-like setae with 7–8 pectinate setae in the outer margin; surface with a bipinnate seta (
<figureCitation box="[887,971,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 76–80" captionStartId="17.[152,270,1038,1062]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,181,1015]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[204,1383,181,1015]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 76–80. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (76) maxilla; (77) labium; (78) paraglossa and labial palp; (79) mesonotum; (80) foreclaw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773315/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 79</figureCitation>
), segment III with 6–8 spine-like setae in the inner margin and two transverse rows of long, spine-like setae on the apex along with scattered long hair-like setae on the surface and outer margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis box="[199,280,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Thorax</emphasis>
. Pronotum and mesonotum dark brownish and epidermal pigmentation similar to that of imago. Mesonotum with margins denticulate with slight bulging (
<figureCitation box="[808,894,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURES 76–80" captionStartId="17.[152,270,1038,1062]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,181,1015]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[204,1383,181,1015]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 76–80. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (76) maxilla; (77) labium; (78) paraglossa and labial palp; (79) mesonotum; (80) foreclaw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773315/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 78</figureCitation>
). Legs: Cuticular coloration: Femora, tibiae and tarsi light brownish. Coxal processes nearly semi-circular with denticulate margins. Foreleg (
<figureCitation box="[1215,1300,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURES 81–84" captionStartId="17.[152,270,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,1123,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-48@17.[206,1381,1123,1954]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 81–84. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (81) foreleg; (82) forefemur; (83) transverse row of setation in forefemur; (84) midleg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773317/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
): lengths of femur: tibia: tarsus: claw 0.55: 0.44: 0.32: 
<quantity box="[618,719,1050,1077]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
; femur with a transverse row of 6–7 strongly developed spatulate setae (
<figureCitation box="[224,306,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURES 81–84" captionStartId="17.[152,270,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,1123,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-48@17.[206,1381,1123,1954]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 81–84. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (81) foreleg; (82) forefemur; (83) transverse row of setation in forefemur; (84) midleg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773317/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 83</figureCitation>
) on ¾ of the distal region (
<figureCitation box="[620,706,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURES 81–84" captionStartId="17.[152,270,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,1123,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-48@17.[206,1381,1123,1954]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 81–84. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (81) foreleg; (82) forefemur; (83) transverse row of setation in forefemur; (84) midleg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773317/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 82</figureCitation>
); near the outer marginal surface a longitudinal row of spatulate setae present; distal outer margin consists of few spatulate setae; inner margin with row of long hair-like setae on the proximal half; tibia with longitudinal row of 4–5 spatulate setae on dorsal surface; outer margin with few hair-like setae; tarsi with longitudinal row of seven bipinnate bristles; outer and inner margins with few hair-like setae; claw slender without any denticulation (
<figureCitation box="[541,626,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURES 76–80" captionStartId="17.[152,270,1038,1062]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,181,1015]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[204,1383,181,1015]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 76–80. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (76) maxilla; (77) labium; (78) paraglossa and labial palp; (79) mesonotum; (80) foreclaw." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773315/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 80</figureCitation>
). Midleg (
<figureCitation box="[741,826,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURES 81–84" captionStartId="17.[152,270,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,1123,1954]" captionTargetId="figure-48@17.[206,1381,1123,1954]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 81–84. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (81) foreleg; (82) forefemur; (83) transverse row of setation in forefemur; (84) midleg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773317/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 84</figureCitation>
): lengths of femur: tibia: tarsus: claw 0.57: 0.36: 0.29: 
<quantity box="[151,253,1266,1293]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
. Femur with scattered spatulate bristles all over the surface; outer margin consists of a row of long spatulate setae; tibia with longitudinal row of 6–7 spatulate setae on dorsal surface; outer margin with row of short spine-like setae; tarsi with a longitudinal row of seven stout, bipinnate bristles, increasing in size distally; claw (
<figureCitation box="[1283,1364,1338,1365]" captionStart="FIGURES 85–91" captionStartId="18.[152,270,1008,1032]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,181,985]" captionTargetId="figure-21@18.[225,1362,181,985]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 85–91. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (85) midclaw; (86) hindfemur; (87) hindtibia and tarus; (88) hindtibia setation; (89) hindtarsus setation; (90) hindclaw; (91) closer view of hindclaw (arrow indicates three minute basal denticles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773319/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 85</figureCitation>
) long, and curved without any denticles. Hindleg: lengths of femur: tibia: tarsus: claw 0.59: 0.47: 0.32: 
<quantity box="[1248,1352,1374,1401]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
. Femur (
<figureCitation box="[159,240,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURES 85–91" captionStartId="18.[152,270,1008,1032]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,181,985]" captionTargetId="figure-21@18.[225,1362,181,985]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 85–91. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (85) midclaw; (86) hindfemur; (87) hindtibia and tarus; (88) hindtibia setation; (89) hindtarsus setation; (90) hindclaw; (91) closer view of hindclaw (arrow indicates three minute basal denticles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773319/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 86</figureCitation>
) similar to that of midleg; tibia (
<figureCitation box="[601,681,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURES 85–91" captionStartId="18.[152,270,1008,1032]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,181,985]" captionTargetId="figure-21@18.[225,1362,181,985]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 85–91. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (85) midclaw; (86) hindfemur; (87) hindtibia and tarus; (88) hindtibia setation; (89) hindtarsus setation; (90) hindclaw; (91) closer view of hindclaw (arrow indicates three minute basal denticles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773319/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 87</figureCitation>
) with longitudinal row of 6–7 spatulate setae on dorsal surface (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 85–91" captionStartId="18.[152,270,1008,1032]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,181,985]" captionTargetId="figure-21@18.[225,1362,181,985]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 85–91. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (85) midclaw; (86) hindfemur; (87) hindtibia and tarus; (88) hindtibia setation; (89) hindtarsus setation; (90) hindclaw; (91) closer view of hindclaw (arrow indicates three minute basal denticles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773319/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 88</figureCitation>
); outer margin with row of long spine-like setae; tarsi with a longitudinal row of seven stout, bipinnate bristles, increasing in size distally near the inner margin and a longitudinal row of spine-like setae on the inner margin (
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURES 85–91" captionStartId="18.[152,270,1008,1032]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,181,985]" captionTargetId="figure-21@18.[225,1362,181,985]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 85–91. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (85) midclaw; (86) hindfemur; (87) hindtibia and tarus; (88) hindtibia setation; (89) hindtarsus setation; (90) hindclaw; (91) closer view of hindclaw (arrow indicates three minute basal denticles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773319/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 89</figureCitation>
); claw strongly bent with three very small basal denticles (
<figureCitation box="[841,923,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURES 85–91" captionStartId="18.[152,270,1008,1032]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,181,985]" captionTargetId="figure-21@18.[225,1362,181,985]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 85–91. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (85) midclaw; (86) hindfemur; (87) hindtibia and tarus; (88) hindtibia setation; (89) hindtarsus setation; (90) hindclaw; (91) closer view of hindclaw (arrow indicates three minute basal denticles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773319/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 91</figureCitation>
), and a row of microdenticles (
<figureCitation box="[1272,1357,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURES 85–91" captionStartId="18.[152,270,1008,1032]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,181,985]" captionTargetId="figure-21@18.[225,1362,181,985]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 85–91. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (85) midclaw; (86) hindfemur; (87) hindtibia and tarus; (88) hindtibia setation; (89) hindtarsus setation; (90) hindclaw; (91) closer view of hindclaw (arrow indicates three minute basal denticles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773319/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 90</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis box="[199,305,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Abdomen</emphasis>
. All terga nearly light brownish. Tergalius II with diffuse light and dark brown areas without any shading medially and with dark brown patches on the other regions (
<figureCitation box="[919,1003,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURES 92–96" captionStartId="18.[152,270,1971,1995]" captionTargetBox="[215,1371,1129,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-64@18.[215,1371,1129,1948]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 92–96. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (92) dorsal view of tergalius II; (93) detail of microtrichia in tergalius II; (94) tergalius III; (95) hind margin of terga VII–X; (96) shape of sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773321/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 92</figureCitation>
). Tergalius II about twice the length of tergalius I. Tergum I lack posteromedian process; tergum II with a broadly blunt triangular posteromedian process with denticulate hind margin; Tergalius II with Y-shaped ridges poorly developed, inner ridge posteriorly reduced (
<figureCitation box="[159,243,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURES 92–96" captionStartId="18.[152,270,1971,1995]" captionTargetBox="[215,1371,1129,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-64@18.[215,1371,1129,1948]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 92–96. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (92) dorsal view of tergalius II; (93) detail of microtrichia in tergalius II; (94) tergalius III; (95) hind margin of terga VII–X; (96) shape of sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773321/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 92</figureCitation>
); dorsal surface with numerous scales and 3–4 spatulate setae on the 1/3 
<superScript attach="left" box="[1037,1051,1698,1712]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">rd</superScript>
half of Y-shaped ridge; left margin of Y-shaped ridge with a row of long simple setae with few small spatulate setae. Right margin of Y-shaped ridge with a row of small simple setae. Ventral row of microtrichia originates at anterior 1/5 
<superScript attach="left" box="[1138,1151,1770,1784]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">th</superScript>
length of the tergalius II and ends in the posteromedial region; microtrichia elongated, more or less parallel-sided, and pinnate (
<figureCitation box="[1337,1424,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURES 92–96" captionStartId="18.[152,270,1971,1995]" captionTargetBox="[215,1371,1129,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-64@18.[215,1371,1129,1948]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 92–96. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (92) dorsal view of tergalius II; (93) detail of microtrichia in tergalius II; (94) tergalius III; (95) hind margin of terga VII–X; (96) shape of sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773321/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 93</figureCitation>
). Tergalius III–VI with numerous filaments (
<figureCitation box="[640,726,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURES 92–96" captionStartId="18.[152,270,1971,1995]" captionTargetBox="[215,1371,1129,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-64@18.[215,1371,1129,1948]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 92–96. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (92) dorsal view of tergalius II; (93) detail of microtrichia in tergalius II; (94) tergalius III; (95) hind margin of terga VII–X; (96) shape of sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773321/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 94</figureCitation>
). Posterolateral processes on tergum I absent; terga II–III with slightly marked posterolateral processes; terga IV–IX with well-developed posterolateral processes. Hind margins of tergum VII with long hair-like setae and tergum VIII with few long hair-like setae (
<figureCitation box="[1122,1204,1914,1941]" captionStart="FIGURES 92–96" captionStartId="18.[152,270,1971,1995]" captionTargetBox="[215,1371,1129,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-64@18.[215,1371,1129,1948]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 92–96. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (92) dorsal view of tergalius II; (93) detail of microtrichia in tergalius II; (94) tergalius III; (95) hind margin of terga VII–X; (96) shape of sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773321/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 95</figureCitation>
) and terga IX and X with small denticles. Hind margin of sternum IX broadly or triangularly rounded (
<figureCitation box="[1070,1154,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURES 92–96" captionStartId="18.[152,270,1971,1995]" captionTargetBox="[215,1371,1129,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-64@18.[215,1371,1129,1948]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 92–96. Larval exuvia of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (92) dorsal view of tergalius II; (93) detail of microtrichia in tergalius II; (94) tergalius III; (95) hind margin of terga VII–X; (96) shape of sternum IX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773321/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Fig. 96</figureCitation>
), shagreen on dorsal side of sternum IX with 8–9 irregular rows of very small denticles parallel to the hind margin. Cerci translucent.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773310" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7773310" box="[152,1299,1070,1095]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773310/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" startId="16.[152,270,1070,1094]" targetBox="[181,1406,181,1047]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph blockId="16.[152,1299,1070,1095]" box="[152,1299,1070,1095]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,346,1070,1095]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">FIGURES 68–70.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[352,581,1071,1095]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venkataramani" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[352,581,1071,1095]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Caenis venkataramani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[587,644,1071,1095]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[587,644,1071,1095]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: (68) female imago; (69) larva; (70) larva in the shell of 
<taxonomicName box="[1221,1299,1071,1095]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ampullariidae" genus="Pila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis box="[1221,1263,1071,1095]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Pila</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773312" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7773312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773312/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" startId="16.[152,270,1977,2001]" targetBox="[203,1385,1119,1954]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1437,1977,2038]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,348,1977,2002]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">FIGURES 71–75.</emphasis>
Larval exuvia of 
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[532,762,1978,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venkataramani" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[532,762,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Caenis venkataramani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[770,828,1978,2002]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[770,828,1978,2002]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: (71) antenna; (72) labrum; (73) labrum and hypopharynx; (74) right mandible; (75) left mandible.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773315" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7773315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773315/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="56" startId="17.[152,270,1038,1062]" targetBox="[204,1383,181,1015]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1436,1038,1099]" pageId="17" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,347,1038,1062]" pageId="17" pageNumber="56">FIGURES 76–80.</emphasis>
Larval exuvia of 
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[531,761,1039,1063]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venkataramani" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[531,761,1039,1063]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="56">Caenis venkataramani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[768,826,1039,1063]" pageId="17" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[768,826,1039,1063]" pageId="17" pageNumber="56" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: (76) maxilla; (77) labium; (78) paraglossa and labial palp; (79) mesonotum; (80) foreclaw.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773317" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7773317" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773317/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="56" startId="17.[152,270,1977,2001]" targetBox="[206,1381,1123,1954]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1436,1977,2037]" pageId="17" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,346,1977,2001]" pageId="17" pageNumber="56">FIGURES 81–84.</emphasis>
Larval exuvia of 
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[526,754,1977,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venkataramani" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[526,754,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="56">Caenis venkataramani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[760,817,1977,2001]" pageId="17" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[760,817,1977,2001]" pageId="17" pageNumber="56" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: (81) foreleg; (82) forefemur; (83) transverse row of setation in forefemur; (84) midleg.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773319" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7773319" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773319/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="57" startId="18.[152,270,1008,1032]" targetBox="[225,1362,181,985]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph blockId="18.[151,1436,1008,1105]" pageId="18" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,346,1008,1033]" pageId="18" pageNumber="57">FIGURES 85–91.</emphasis>
Larval exuvia of 
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[525,753,1009,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venkataramani" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[525,753,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="57">Caenis venkataramani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[759,816,1009,1033]" pageId="18" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[759,816,1009,1033]" pageId="18" pageNumber="57" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: (85) midclaw; (86) hindfemur; (87) hindtibia and tarus; (88) hindtibia setation; (89) hindtarsus setation; (90) hindclaw; (91) closer view of hindclaw (arrow indicates three minute basal denticles).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773321" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7773321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773321/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="57" startId="18.[152,270,1971,1995]" targetBox="[215,1371,1129,1948]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph blockId="18.[151,1437,1971,2032]" pageId="18" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,346,1971,1995]" pageId="18" pageNumber="57">FIGURES 92–96.</emphasis>
Larval exuvia of 
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[524,753,1971,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venkataramani" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[524,753,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="57">Caenis venkataramani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[759,815,1972,1996]" pageId="18" pageNumber="57">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[759,815,1972,1996]" pageId="18" pageNumber="57" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: (92) dorsal view of tergalius II; (93) detail of microtrichia in tergalius II; (94) tergalius III; (95) hind margin of terga VII–X; (96) shape of sternum IX.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,1436,150,249]" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,253,151,177]" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">Egg.</emphasis>
Length: 110–115 μm; width: 70–75 μm; oval (
<figureCitation box="[806,893,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 97–99" captionStartId="19.[152,270,1205,1229]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1181]" captionTargetId="figure-63@19.[151,1436,273,1181]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 97–99. SEM view of eggs of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (97) closer view; (98) entire view; (99) micropyle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773323/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">Fig. 97</figureCitation>
); two cap-like epithema at the poles (
<figureCitation box="[1335,1423,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 97–99" captionStartId="19.[152,270,1205,1229]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1181]" captionTargetId="figure-63@19.[151,1436,273,1181]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 97–99. SEM view of eggs of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (97) closer view; (98) entire view; (99) micropyle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773323/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">Fig. 97</figureCitation>
); chorionic surface smooth with transverse slender micropylar canal between polar caps (
<figureCitation box="[1142,1226,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 97–99" captionStartId="19.[152,270,1205,1229]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1181]" captionTargetId="figure-63@19.[151,1436,273,1181]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 97–99. SEM view of eggs of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (97) closer view; (98) entire view; (99) micropyle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773323/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">Fig. 98</figureCitation>
), micropyle small, situated at the subequatorial plane with mouth not broadened (
<figureCitation box="[849,934,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 97–99" captionStartId="19.[152,270,1205,1229]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1181]" captionTargetId="figure-63@19.[151,1436,273,1181]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 97–99. SEM view of eggs of Caenis venkataramani sp. n.: (97) closer view; (98) entire view; (99) micropyle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773323/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">Fig. 99</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7773323" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7773323" box="[152,1391,1205,1229]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7773323/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" startId="19.[152,270,1205,1229]" targetBox="[151,1436,273,1181]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph blockId="19.[152,1391,1205,1229]" box="[152,1391,1205,1229]" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,340,1205,1229]" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">FIGURES 97–99</emphasis>
. SEM view of eggs of 
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[574,803,1205,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venkataramani" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[574,803,1205,1229]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">Caenis venkataramani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[809,866,1205,1229]" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[809,866,1205,1229]" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: (97) closer view; (98) entire view; (99) micropyle.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="58" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,1437,1275,1769]" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,334,1275,1301]" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">Etymology.</emphasis>
This new species is named in honour of Dr. K. Venkataraman (mentor for the authors T. Sivaruban and S. Barathy) for his remarkable contribution to the Indian 
<taxonomicName box="[838,1013,1311,1337]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Ephemeroptera</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[199,824,1347,1373]" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,1437,1275,1769]" box="[199,824,1347,1373]" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,353,1347,1373]" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">Distribution.</emphasis>
Vaigai river, Madurai, 
<collectingRegion box="[612,747,1347,1373]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[759,820,1347,1373]" name="India" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="58" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,1437,1275,1769]" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,300,1383,1409]" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">Ecology.</emphasis>
Larvae of 
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[418,670,1383,1410]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venkataramani" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[418,670,1383,1410]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">Caenis venkataramani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[676,738,1383,1409]" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[676,738,1383,1409]" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
were collected in the water temperature ranges between 24°C– 26°C; pH 7.2–7.3. Substratum is mainly made of cobbles and pebbles. The larvae of the 
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[1181,1436,1419,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venkataramani" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[1181,1436,1419,1446]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">Caenis venkataramani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,218,1455,1481]" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[151,218,1455,1481]" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
shared their habitat with the larvae of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kluge, Srinivasan, Vasanth, Sivaruban, Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2022" box="[679,1036,1455,1481]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" genus="Choroterpes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latus" subGenus="Euthraulus">
<emphasis box="[679,818,1455,1481]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">Choroterpes</emphasis>
(
<emphasis box="[838,962,1455,1481]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">Euthraulus</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis box="[982,1036,1455,1481]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">latus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName box="[1055,1244,1455,1481]" class="Insecta" family="Leptophlebiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leptophlebiidae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName box="[1266,1436,1455,1482]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Tenuibaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis box="[1266,1394,1455,1481]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">Tenuibaetis</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[159,263,1491,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Muller-Liebenau" authorityYear="1984" box="[284,525,1491,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Labiobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="operosus">
<emphasis box="[284,525,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">Labiobaetis operosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[541,645,1491,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sivaruban, Srinivasan, Barathy and Isack" authorityYear="2022" box="[666,874,1491,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Nigrobaetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klugei">
<emphasis box="[666,874,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">Nigrobaetis klugei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[891,995,1491,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sivaruban, Srinivasan, Barathy, Isack and Kluge" authorityYear="2022" box="[1015,1304,1491,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Cheleocloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaigaiensis">
<emphasis box="[1015,1304,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">Cheleocloeon vaigaiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1320,1424,1491,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Srinivasan, Sivaruban, Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,405,1527,1553]" class="Insecta" family="Tricorythidae" genus="Tricorythus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meenakshi">
<emphasis box="[151,405,1527,1553]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">Tricorythus meenakshi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lestage" authorityYear="1942" box="[420,578,1527,1553]" class="Insecta" family="Tricorythidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tricorythidae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja" authorityYear="2021" box="[597,832,1527,1554]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maduraiensis">
<emphasis box="[597,832,1527,1554]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">Caenis maduraiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName box="[847,955,1527,1553]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Caenidae</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Balasubramanian &amp; Muthukatturaja" authorityYear="2021" box="[1016,1244,1527,1553]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Clypeocaenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaveri">
<emphasis box="[1016,1244,1527,1553]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">Clypeocaenis kaveri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName box="[1259,1370,1527,1553]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Caenidae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="58" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,1437,1275,1769]" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,332,1563,1589]" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">Discussion.</emphasis>
The male imago of 
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[569,823,1563,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venkataramani" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[569,823,1563,1590]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">Caenis venkataramani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[832,898,1563,1589]" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[832,898,1563,1589]" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is distinguished from other Oriental species of 
<taxonomicName box="[151,229,1600,1626]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[151,229,1600,1626]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">Caenis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, except 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Malzacher" authorityYear="2015" box="[329,459,1599,1626]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maratha">
<emphasis box="[329,459,1599,1626]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">C. maratha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the shape of forceps, in which the basal part is very broad and the apical part is abruptly narrowed. It is distinguished from 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Malzacher" authorityYear="2015" box="[644,772,1635,1662]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maratha">
<emphasis box="[644,772,1635,1662]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">C. maratha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a well-developed medial incision in the hind margin of the penis. The larva of 
<taxonomicName authority="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack, 2023" authorityName="Srinivasan &amp; Sivaruban &amp; Barathy &amp; Isack" authorityYear="2023" box="[408,661,1671,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venkataramani" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[408,661,1671,1698]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">Caenis venkataramani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[667,731,1671,1697]" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[667,731,1671,1697]" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
closely resembles that 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Balasubramanian &amp; Muthukatturaja" authorityYear="2021" box="[991,1163,1671,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maduraienis">
<emphasis box="[991,1163,1671,1698]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">C. maduraienis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Malzacher" authorityYear="2015" box="[1217,1429,1671,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigropunctatula">
<emphasis box="[1217,1429,1671,1698]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">C. nigropunctatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, it is distinguished from 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Balasubramanian &amp; Muthukatturaja" authorityYear="2021" box="[532,705,1707,1734]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maduraienis">
<emphasis box="[532,705,1707,1734]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">C. maduraienis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Malzacher" authorityYear="2015" box="[759,971,1707,1734]" class="Insecta" family="Caenidae" genus="Caenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigropunctatula">
<emphasis box="[759,971,1707,1734]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="58">C. nigropunctatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the denticulation of the hind claw and by the mesonotal bulging in the larva and by the shape of the forceps in the imago.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>