369 lines
68 KiB
XML
369 lines
68 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="4B91CDA62567EB9281222BC036AE51A8">Caliroa slug sawflies of Japan (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)</mods:title>
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, 1859
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<collectingRegion id="49DEF85DFFD2FF861DBD24843370FDDB" box="[236,296,509,533]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Costa</collectingRegion>
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, 1859: 59
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABB10AEFFD2FF861CCA24853039FDDB" author="Takeuchi, K." box="[411,609,508,533]" page="56" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" year="1952">
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;
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABB10AEFFD2FF861EC224853661FDDB" author="Smith, D. R." box="[915,1081,508,533]" page="12" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" year="1971">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B4EFFD2FF861EC224853661FDDB" author="Smith, D. R." box="[915,1081,508,533]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="1 - 84" refId="ref29134" refString="Smith, D. R. (1971) Nearctic sawflies, III. Heterarthrinae: Adults and larvae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). U. S. Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin, 1420, 1 - 84, pls. 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1971">Smith, 1971: 12</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABB10AEFFD2FF861914248532BAFDFA" author="Zhelochovtsev, A. N. & Zinovjev, A. G." page="57" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" year="1988">
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, 191; Wei, 1997: 52;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABB10AEFFD2FF861CEB27653039FDFA" author="Vasu, V." box="[442,609,539,564]" page="286" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" year="1998">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B4EFFD2FF861CEB27653039FDFA" author="Vasu, V." box="[442,609,539,564]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="285 - 290" refId="ref30069" refString="Vasu, V. (1998) First records and new species of Caliroa Costa (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae: Heterarthrinae) from India. Entomotaxonomia, 20, 285 - 290." type="journal article" year="1998">Vasu, 1998: 286</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABB10AEFFD2FF861F3A276230A3FDFA" author="Wei, M." box="[619,763,539,564]" page="26" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" year="1998">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B4EFFD2FF861F3A276230A3FDFA" author="Wei, M." box="[619,763,539,564]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="25 - 34" refId="ref30207" refString="Wei, M. (1998) A review of Caliroini with descriptions of new taxa from China (Hymenoptera: Heterarthridae). Journal of Central South Forestry University, 18 (4), 25 - 34." type="journal article" year="1998">Wei, 1998: 26</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABB10AEFFD2FF861E57276531E5FDFA" author="Lacourt, J." box="[774,957,539,564]" page="54" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" year="1999">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B4EFFD2FF861E57276531E5FDFA" author="Lacourt, J." box="[774,957,539,564]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="1 - 432" refId="ref28311" refString="Lacourt, J. (1999) Repertoire des Tenthredinidae ouest-palearctiques (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Memoires de la SEF, 3, 1 - 432." type="journal article" year="1999">Lacourt, 1999: 54</bibRefCitation>
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;
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Taeger
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<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD2FF8619432764361DFDFA" box="[1042,1093,540,564]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2010: 364
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABB10AEFFD2FF861995276232A8FD9D" author="Koch, F. & Smith, D. R." page="445" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" year="2011">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B4EFFD2FF861995276232A8FD9D" author="Koch, F. & Smith, D. R." pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="442 - 450" refId="ref28232" refString="Koch, F. & Smith, D. R. (2011) A new species of Caliroa (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) from South Africa. Proceedings of the entomological Society of Washington, 113, 442 - 450. https: // doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797.113.4.442" type="journal article" year="2011">Koch & Smith, 2011: 445</bibRefCitation>
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. Type-species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D3CFFD2FF861CDA274330FEFD9D" authority="Costa, 1859" authorityName="Costa" authorityYear="1859" box="[395,678,570,595]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Caliroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sebetia">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD2FF861CDA2743307FFD9C" box="[395,551,570,594]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Caliroa sebetia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B4EFFD2FF861F7C274230FEFD9D" author="Costa, A." box="[557,678,570,595]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="1859 - 1860" refId="ref27732" refString="Costa, A. (1859) Fauna del Regno di Napoli. Imenotteri. Parte III. Trivellanti Sessiliventri. [Tentredinidei]. Antonio Cons, Napoli, 116 + 5 pp. [1859 - 1860]" type="book chapter" year="1859">
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<collectingRegion id="49DEF85DFFD2FF861F7C27423031FD9D" box="[557,617,571,595]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Costa</collectingRegion>
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, 1859
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[=
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D3CFFD2FF861F982743366EFD9D" authority="(Serville, 1823)" baseAuthorityName="Serville" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[713,1078,570,595]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Caliroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cothurnata">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD2FF861F98274331D5FD9C" box="[713,909,570,594]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Caliroa cothurnata</emphasis>
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(Serville, 1823)
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], by monotypy.
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABB10AEFFD2FF861DC6272033ADFDBF" author="Konow, F. W." box="[151,501,601,625]" page="233" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" year="1890">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D3CFFD2FF861DC6272033ADFDBF" authority="Konow, 1890: 233" authorityName="Konow" authorityPageNumber="233" authorityYear="1890" box="[151,501,601,625]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Eriocampoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD2FF861DC627203368FDBF" box="[151,304,601,625]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Eriocampoides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B4EFFD2FF861C66272333ADFDBF" author="Konow, F. W." box="[311,501,601,625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="225 - 240" refId="ref28286" refString="Konow, F. W. (1890) Tenthredinidae Europae. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1890 (2), 225 - 240." type="journal article" year="1890">Konow, 1890: 233</bibRefCitation>
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.
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D3CFFD2FF861FDD272031BAFDBF" authority="Retzius, 1783" authorityName="Retzius" authorityYear="1783" box="[652,994,600,625]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Tenthredo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limacina">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD2FF861FDD27203108FDBF" box="[652,848,601,625]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Tenthredo limacina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B4EFFD2FF861E07272131BAFDBF" author="Retzius, A. J." box="[854,994,600,625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref29025" refString="Retzius, A. J. (1783) Caroli De Geer (....) Genera et species insectorum e generosissimi auctoris scriptis extraxit, digessit, latine quoad partem reddidit, et terminologiam insectorum Linneanam addidit. Siegfried Lebrecht Crusium, Lipsiae, pp. i-vi + 7 - 220 + 1 - 32." type="book chapter" year="1783">Retzius, 1783</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D3CFFD2FF86195527203774FDBF" authority="(Linne, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linne" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1028,1324,600,625]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Caliroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD2FF861955272036CEFDBF" box="[1028,1174,601,625]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Caliroa cerasi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B4EFFD2FF8619F22721377CFDBF" author="Linne, C." box="[1187,1316,600,625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" refId="ref28525" refString="Linne, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, per regna tria naturae secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, dif- ferentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio Decima, Reformata. Vol. 1. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linné, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], by subsequent designation of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B4EFFD2FF861CCD270E302AFD5E" author="MacGillivray, A. D." box="[412,626,631,656]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="345 - 362" refId="ref28625" refString="MacGillivray, A. D. (1909) A new genus and some new species of Tenthredinidae. The Canadian Entomologist, 41 (10), 345 - 362. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 41345 - 10" type="journal article" year="1909">MacGillivray (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536BFFFD2FF861DC627EF33C0FD03" blockId="1.[151,1437,508,748]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0A1191FFD2FF861DC627EF33C0FD03" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB10AEFFD2FF861DC627EF3057FD61" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[151,527,662,687]" page="255" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" year="1898">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D3CFFD2FF861DC627EF3057FD61" authority="Ashmead, 1898: 255" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityPageNumber="255" authorityYear="1898" box="[151,527,662,687]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Periclistoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD2FF861DC627EF3377FD60" box="[151,303,662,686]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Periclistoptera</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B4EFFD2FF861C6627EF3057FD61" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[311,527,662,687]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="249 - 257" refId="ref27513" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1898) Classification of the horntails and sawflies, or the sub-order Phytophaga (Paper No. 5). The Canadian Entomologist, 30 (10), 249 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 30249 - 10" type="journal article" year="1898">Ashmead, 1898: 255</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A1881DFFD2FF861F4B27EE3014FD61" box="[538,588,663,687]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D3CFFD2FF861FFD27EE31A1FD61" authority="(Norton, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Norton" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[684,1017,662,687]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Monostegia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD2FF861FFD27EE3100FD60" box="[684,856,662,686]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Monostegia alba</emphasis>
|
||
(Norton, 1867)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D3CFFD2FF86197127EF3729FD61" authority="(Norton, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Norton" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1056,1393,662,687]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Caliroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obsoleta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD2FF86197127EF3693FD60" box="[1056,1227,662,686]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Caliroa obsoleta</emphasis>
|
||
(Norton, 1867)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], by original designation.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536BFFFD2FF861DC627AD30B6FD22" blockId="1.[151,1437,508,748]" box="[151,750,723,748]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
|
||
For more synonymy, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B4EFFD2FF861CC727AA3045FD22" author="Smith, D. R." box="[406,541,723,748]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="1 - 84" refId="ref29134" refString="Smith, D. R. (1971) Nearctic sawflies, III. Heterarthrinae: Adults and larvae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). U. S. Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin, 1420, 1 - 84, pls. 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1971">Smith (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B4EFFD2FF861F1F27AD30B2FD22" author="Lacourt, J." box="[590,746,724,748]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="1 - 432" refId="ref28311" refString="Lacourt, J. (1999) Repertoire des Tenthredinidae ouest-palearctiques (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Memoires de la SEF, 3, 1 - 432." type="journal article" year="1999">Lacourt (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3006534FFD2FF861DC62660311AFA9E" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536BFFFD2FF861DC62660311AFA9E" blockId="1.[151,1437,793,2045]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD2FF861DC626603352FCFA" bold="true" box="[151,266,793,820]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. Length
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B5AFFD2FF861C242660305AFCFB" box="[373,514,793,821]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="3.5">3.5–6.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Anterior margin of postocellar area not grooved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A3AFFD2FF86191A266336FFFCFA" box="[1099,1191,794,820]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1822,1847]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,181,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[161,1427,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Heads (A–M), antennae (N–W) and hind tarsus (X). A, K, L, V, Caliroa zelkovae: A, K, female, Nakagawa, host Ulmus davidiana var. japonica; L, V, female, lectotype. B–D, N, X, C. cerasi, female: B–D, N, Shimizu; X, Sapporo. E, O, C. bibaiensis, female, holotype. F, P, C. oishii, female, holotype or paratopotype. G, Q, C. ibukii, female, holotype. H, R, C. vaccini, female, paratype. S, C. ouensis, female, holotype. I, T, C. aizankei, female, holotype. J, U, C. staphyleae, female: J, paralectotype; U, lectotype. M, W, C. nire, female, holotype. A, B, dorsal view. C, anterolateral view. D–M, frontal view. N–W, inner or outer lateral view. X, anteroventral view. P, Q, U, X, reversed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3784000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3784000/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
), sometimes laterally grooved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A3AFFD2FF861C5026473300FC96" box="[257,344,830,856]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1822,1847]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,181,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[161,1427,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Heads (A–M), antennae (N–W) and hind tarsus (X). A, K, L, V, Caliroa zelkovae: A, K, female, Nakagawa, host Ulmus davidiana var. japonica; L, V, female, lectotype. B–D, N, X, C. cerasi, female: B–D, N, Shimizu; X, Sapporo. E, O, C. bibaiensis, female, holotype. F, P, C. oishii, female, holotype or paratopotype. G, Q, C. ibukii, female, holotype. H, R, C. vaccini, female, paratype. S, C. ouensis, female, holotype. I, T, C. aizankei, female, holotype. J, U, C. staphyleae, female: J, paralectotype; U, lectotype. M, W, C. nire, female, holotype. A, B, dorsal view. C, anterolateral view. D–M, frontal view. N–W, inner or outer lateral view. X, anteroventral view. P, Q, U, X, reversed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3784000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3784000/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal tentorial pit (DTP in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A3AFFD2FF861FF2264730AFFC96" box="[675,759,830,856]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1822,1847]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,181,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[161,1427,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Heads (A–M), antennae (N–W) and hind tarsus (X). A, K, L, V, Caliroa zelkovae: A, K, female, Nakagawa, host Ulmus davidiana var. japonica; L, V, female, lectotype. B–D, N, X, C. cerasi, female: B–D, N, Shimizu; X, Sapporo. E, O, C. bibaiensis, female, holotype. F, P, C. oishii, female, holotype or paratopotype. G, Q, C. ibukii, female, holotype. H, R, C. vaccini, female, paratype. S, C. ouensis, female, holotype. I, T, C. aizankei, female, holotype. J, U, C. staphyleae, female: J, paralectotype; U, lectotype. M, W, C. nire, female, holotype. A, B, dorsal view. C, anterolateral view. D–M, frontal view. N–W, inner or outer lateral view. X, anteroventral view. P, Q, U, X, reversed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3784000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3784000/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
) widely separated from torulus; distance between dorsal tentorial pit and torulus as long as or slightly longer than height of torulus. Distance between toruli 1.1–1.6 × distance between torulus and eye (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A3AFFD2FF861CEC26FF33A7FC6E" box="[445,511,902,928]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1822,1847]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,181,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[161,1427,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Heads (A–M), antennae (N–W) and hind tarsus (X). A, K, L, V, Caliroa zelkovae: A, K, female, Nakagawa, host Ulmus davidiana var. japonica; L, V, female, lectotype. B–D, N, X, C. cerasi, female: B–D, N, Shimizu; X, Sapporo. E, O, C. bibaiensis, female, holotype. F, P, C. oishii, female, holotype or paratopotype. G, Q, C. ibukii, female, holotype. H, R, C. vaccini, female, paratype. S, C. ouensis, female, holotype. I, T, C. aizankei, female, holotype. J, U, C. staphyleae, female: J, paralectotype; U, lectotype. M, W, C. nire, female, holotype. A, B, dorsal view. C, anterolateral view. D–M, frontal view. N–W, inner or outer lateral view. X, anteroventral view. P, Q, U, X, reversed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3784000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3784000/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D–M). Outer margin of eye without large punctures. Genal carina absent or only distinct in very short ventral part. Malar space less than 0.2 × width of median ocellus [except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D3CFFD2FF86198526D237C4FC0A" authority="Vasu, 1998" authorityName="Vasu" authorityYear="1998" box="[1236,1436,938,965]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Caliroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD2FF86198526D23742FC0A" box="[1236,1306,938,965]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">C. feri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B4EFFD2FF86187026D237C4FC0A" author="Vasu, V." box="[1313,1436,938,965]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="285 - 290" refId="ref30069" refString="Vasu, V. (1998) First records and new species of Caliroa Costa (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae: Heterarthrinae) from India. Entomotaxonomia, 20, 285 - 290." type="journal article" year="1998">Vasu, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30D762FFFD2FF861D8226B73355FC26" box="[211,269,974,1000]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
with malar space 0.5 × diameter of median ocellus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B4EFFD2FF861E1C26B73188FC26" author="Vasu, V." box="[845,976,973,1000]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="285 - 290" refId="ref30069" refString="Vasu, V. (1998) First records and new species of Caliroa Costa (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae: Heterarthrinae) from India. Entomotaxonomia, 20, 285 - 290." type="journal article" year="1998">Vasu, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)]. Antenna with pedicel longer than wide, shorter than scape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A3AFFD2FF861C20268B33E9FBC2" box="[369,433,1010,1036]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1822,1847]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,181,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[161,1427,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Heads (A–M), antennae (N–W) and hind tarsus (X). A, K, L, V, Caliroa zelkovae: A, K, female, Nakagawa, host Ulmus davidiana var. japonica; L, V, female, lectotype. B–D, N, X, C. cerasi, female: B–D, N, Shimizu; X, Sapporo. E, O, C. bibaiensis, female, holotype. F, P, C. oishii, female, holotype or paratopotype. G, Q, C. ibukii, female, holotype. H, R, C. vaccini, female, paratype. S, C. ouensis, female, holotype. I, T, C. aizankei, female, holotype. J, U, C. staphyleae, female: J, paralectotype; U, lectotype. M, W, C. nire, female, holotype. A, B, dorsal view. C, anterolateral view. D–M, frontal view. N–W, inner or outer lateral view. X, anteroventral view. P, Q, U, X, reversed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3784000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3784000/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
N–W); first flagellomere longer than second; apical four flagellomeres combined 0.9–2.1 × as long as first flagellomere. Epicnemium narrow; epicnemial groove rarely inconspicuous. Mesepisternum continuously setose from dorsal to ventral ends, glabrous along anterior margin. Metapleuron with metapleural groove nearly straight. Basal two tarsomeres without plantar lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A3AFFD2FF861E10212731C6FBB6" box="[833,926,1118,1144]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1822,1847]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,181,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[161,1427,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Heads (A–M), antennae (N–W) and hind tarsus (X). A, K, L, V, Caliroa zelkovae: A, K, female, Nakagawa, host Ulmus davidiana var. japonica; L, V, female, lectotype. B–D, N, X, C. cerasi, female: B–D, N, Shimizu; X, Sapporo. E, O, C. bibaiensis, female, holotype. F, P, C. oishii, female, holotype or paratopotype. G, Q, C. ibukii, female, holotype. H, R, C. vaccini, female, paratype. S, C. ouensis, female, holotype. I, T, C. aizankei, female, holotype. J, U, C. staphyleae, female: J, paralectotype; U, lectotype. M, W, C. nire, female, holotype. A, B, dorsal view. C, anterolateral view. D–M, frontal view. N–W, inner or outer lateral view. X, anteroventral view. P, Q, U, X, reversed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3784000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3784000/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Fig. 3X</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tarsal claw with one outer tooth and large acute basal lobe. Forewing with joint of vein M and crossvein 2r-m located basal to joint of vein M and crossvein 2m-cu (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A3AFFD2FF861DBE21DF336FFB0E" box="[239,311,1190,1216]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,179,1693]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1398,179,1693]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Female adults (A–J) and immature stages (K–T). A, B, Caliroa cerasi, female, Sapporo. C, D, K, L, C. bibaiensis: C, D, female, holotype; K, L, late instar larvae on Crataegus chlorosarca, Bibai, 6 August 2009. E–H, M, C. oishii: E, F, female, holotype or paratopotype of C. oishii; G, H, female, holotype of C. quercivora; M, late instar larva on Quercus crispula, Shintoku, 28 August 1993. I, J, N, C. ibukii: I, J, female, holotype; N, final feeding-instar larva, 6 July 2018. O, C. staphyleae, late instar larvae on Staphylea bumalda, Nakagawa, 9 July 2012. P–S, C. zelkovae: P, eggs in Zelkova serrata, Nakagawa, 30 June 2010; Q, young larvae on Z. serrata, Nakagawa, 26 June 2014; R, middle and late instar larvae on Z. serrata, Nakagawa, 30 June 2010; S, late instar larva on Prunus domestica, Nakagawa, 8 July 2012. T, C. nire, late instar larva on Ulmus pumila, holotype, Shintoku, 21 August 2011. A, C, E, G, I, dorsal or dorsolateral view. B, D, F, H, J, ventral or ventrolateral view. K–M, T, photographed by H. Hara. N–S, photographed by S. Ibuki." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3783996" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3783996/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A3AFFD2FF861C1621DF330FFB0E" box="[327,343,1190,1216]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1829,1854]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,188,1792]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,181,1803]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Female adults. A, B, Caliroa vaccini, paratype. C, D, C. ouensis, holotype. E, F, C. aizankei, holotype. G–J, C. staphyleae: G, H, lectotype of C. staphyleae; I, J, holotype or paratype of C. staphylea. K–P, C. zelkovae: K, L, lectotype of C. zelkovae; M, N, holotype of C. zelkova; O, P, Nakagawa, host Prunus domestica. Q, R, C. nire, holotype.A, C, E, G, I, K, M, O, Q, dorsal or dorsolateral view. B, D, F, H, J, L, N, P, R, ventral or ventrolateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3783998" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3783998/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">2</figureCitation>
|
||
); vein 2A+3A complete, without spur like appendix [in some Afrotropical and Nearctic species, vein 2A+3A incomplete, with its wide middle part obliterated (figs 6, 8 in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B4EFFD2FF861E8621B3369DFB2A" author="Koch, F. & Smith, D. R." box="[983,1221,1225,1252]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="442 - 450" refId="ref28232" refString="Koch, F. & Smith, D. R. (2011) A new species of Caliroa (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) from South Africa. Proceedings of the entomological Society of Washington, 113, 442 - 450. https: // doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797.113.4.442" type="journal article" year="2011">Koch & Smith, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)]; crossvein a present, oblique (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A3AFFD2FF861C7D2197332BFAC6" box="[300,371,1262,1288]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,179,1693]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1398,179,1693]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Female adults (A–J) and immature stages (K–T). A, B, Caliroa cerasi, female, Sapporo. C, D, K, L, C. bibaiensis: C, D, female, holotype; K, L, late instar larvae on Crataegus chlorosarca, Bibai, 6 August 2009. E–H, M, C. oishii: E, F, female, holotype or paratopotype of C. oishii; G, H, female, holotype of C. quercivora; M, late instar larva on Quercus crispula, Shintoku, 28 August 1993. I, J, N, C. ibukii: I, J, female, holotype; N, final feeding-instar larva, 6 July 2018. O, C. staphyleae, late instar larvae on Staphylea bumalda, Nakagawa, 9 July 2012. P–S, C. zelkovae: P, eggs in Zelkova serrata, Nakagawa, 30 June 2010; Q, young larvae on Z. serrata, Nakagawa, 26 June 2014; R, middle and late instar larvae on Z. serrata, Nakagawa, 30 June 2010; S, late instar larva on Prunus domestica, Nakagawa, 8 July 2012. T, C. nire, late instar larva on Ulmus pumila, holotype, Shintoku, 21 August 2011. A, C, E, G, I, dorsal or dorsolateral view. B, D, F, H, J, ventral or ventrolateral view. K–M, T, photographed by H. Hara. N–S, photographed by S. Ibuki." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3783996" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3783996/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A3AFFD2FF861CD3219733CBFAC6" box="[386,403,1262,1288]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1829,1854]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,188,1792]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,181,1803]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Female adults. A, B, Caliroa vaccini, paratype. C, D, C. ouensis, holotype. E, F, C. aizankei, holotype. G–J, C. staphyleae: G, H, lectotype of C. staphyleae; I, J, holotype or paratype of C. staphylea. K–P, C. zelkovae: K, L, lectotype of C. zelkovae; M, N, holotype of C. zelkova; O, P, Nakagawa, host Prunus domestica. Q, R, C. nire, holotype.A, C, E, G, I, K, M, O, Q, dorsal or dorsolateral view. B, D, F, H, J, L, N, P, R, ventral or ventrolateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3783998" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3783998/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hind wing of male with or without marginal vein. Cercus short, long oval (fig. 2J in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B4EFFD2FF86183721963335FAE2" author="Hara, H. & Shinohara, A." pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="379 - 386" refId="ref27866" refString="Hara, H. & Shinohara, A. (2013) A slug sawfly, Caliroa matsumotonis (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), injurious to peach and pear trees in Japan and Korea. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 48, 379 - 386. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13355 - 013 - 0198 - y" type="journal article" year="2013">Hara & Shinohara, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) [in some Oriental species, cercus slender (figs 3, 4 in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B4EFFD2FF861E9E206A3609FAE2" author="Vasu, V." box="[975,1105,1297,1325]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="285 - 290" refId="ref30069" refString="Vasu, V. (1998) First records and new species of Caliroa Costa (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae: Heterarthrinae) from India. Entomotaxonomia, 20, 285 - 290." type="journal article" year="1998">Vasu, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)]. Lancet sinuate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A3AFFD2FF86184A206B37C8FAE3" box="[1307,1424,1298,1325]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStart-2="FIGURE 8" captionStart-3="FIGURE 9" captionStart-4="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="11.[151,250,1173,1198]" captionStartId-1="13.[151,250,1650,1675]" captionStartId-2="16.[151,250,1920,1945]" captionStartId-3="20.[151,250,1936,1961]" captionStartId-4="26.[151,250,1900,1925]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,181,1147]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,561,1625]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,597,1896]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1435,1100,1911]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1435,181,1874]" captionTargetId-0="figure@11.[151,1435,181,1147]" captionTargetId-1="figure@13.[151,1435,561,1625]" captionTargetId-2="figure@16.[151,1435,597,1896]" captionTargetId-3="figure@20.[151,1435,1100,1911]" captionTargetId-4="figure@26.[151,1435,181,1874]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionTargetPageId-2="16" captionTargetPageId-3="20" captionTargetPageId-4="26" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Lances and lancets (A, C, E, H), middle ventral parts of lancets (B, D, I) and apices of lances (F, G). A–D, Caliroa cerasi: A, B, Sapporo; C, D, Germany. E–I, C. bibaiensis: E, holotype; F–I, paratype. 1, 5, 7, first (most basal), fifth, seventh serrula. B–D, E, H, I, reversed." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Lances and lancets (A, B, E, G), apices of lances (C, H) and middle ventral parts of lancets (D, F, I). A–F, Caliroa oishii: A–D, holotype or paratopotype of C. oishii; E, F, holotype of C. quercivora. G–I, C. ibukii, holotype. 1, 5, first (most basal), fifth serrula.A, G, I, reversed." captionText-2="FIGURE 8. Lances and lancets (A, C, E, G) and middle ventral parts of lancets (B, D, F, H, I). A–D, Caliroa vaccini: A, B, paratype; C, D, holotype or paratype. E–H, C. ouensis: E, F, holotype; G, H, paratype, Mt. Zao. I, C. annulipes, Austria. 1, 4, 5, 6, first (most basal), fourth, fifth, sixth serrula.A, B, E, reversed." captionText-3="FIGURE 9. Lances and lancets (A, C, E) and middle ventral parts of lancets (B, D, F). A, B, Caliroa aizankei, holotype. C–F, C. staphyleae: C, D, lectotype of C. staphyleae; E, F, holotype or paratype of C. staphylea. 5, fifth serrula. E, F, reversed." captionText-4="FIGURE 10. Lances and lancets (A, C, E, G, I, K) and middle ventral parts of lancets (B, D, F, H, J, L). A–H, Caliroa zelkovae: A, B, lectotype of C. zelkovae; C, D, holotype of C. zelkova; E, F, Nakagawa, host Ulmus davidiana var. japonica; G, H, Nakagawa, host Prunus domestica. I, J, C. matsumotonis, Higashine. K, L, C. nire, holotype. 1, 5, 7, first (most basal), fifth, seventh serrula. G, H, reversed." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3784006" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3784008" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3784010" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3784012" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3784014" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3784006/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3784008/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3784010/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3784012/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3784014/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Figs 6–10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Penis valve with small lateral spine at apical fourth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A3AFFD2FF861FB2204F316CFA9E" box="[739,820,1334,1360]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1891,1916]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,181,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1435,181,1865]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 11. Male genitalia in ventral view (A, D, G, J, M, P, S, V), penis valves in dorsal view and lateral view, left dorsal (B, C, E, F, H, I, K, L, N, O, Q, R, T, U, W, X). A–C, Caliroa cerasi, Finland. D–F, C. oishii, Shintoku. G–I, C. ibukii, paratype. J–L, C. vaccini, paratype. M–O, C. ouensis, paratype. P–R, C. staphyleae, Nakagawa. S–X, C. zelkovae: S–U, Hobara; V–X, Nakagawa, host Prunus domestica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3784016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3784016/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3006534FFD2FF851D96202332B5FE8D" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="303" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536BFFFD2FF861D962023369FF982" blockId="1.[151,1437,793,2045]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD2FF861D962023336CFABA" bold="true" box="[199,308,1370,1396]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B4EFFD2FF861C14202333B8FABA" author="Smith, D. R." box="[325,480,1370,1396]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="1 - 84" refId="ref29134" refString="Smith, D. R. (1971) Nearctic sawflies, III. Heterarthrinae: Adults and larvae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). U. S. Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin, 1420, 1 - 84, pls. 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1971">Smith (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Wei (1997, 1998) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B4EFFD2FF861FA4202331AAFABA" author="Koch, F. & Smith, D. R." box="[757,1010,1370,1396]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="442 - 450" refId="ref28232" refString="Koch, F. & Smith, D. R. (2011) A new species of Caliroa (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) from South Africa. Proceedings of the entomological Society of Washington, 113, 442 - 450. https: // doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797.113.4.442" type="journal article" year="2011">Koch & Smith (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
adopted the reduction of apical four antennomeres as a generic character of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D3CFFD2FF861F30200730EFFA56" box="[609,695,1406,1432]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Caliroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD2FF861F30200730EFFA56" box="[609,695,1406,1432]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Caliroa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B4EFFD2FF861F9920073107FA56" author="Smith, D. R." box="[712,863,1406,1432]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="1 - 84" refId="ref29134" refString="Smith, D. R. (1971) Nearctic sawflies, III. Heterarthrinae: Adults and larvae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). U. S. Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin, 1420, 1 - 84, pls. 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1971">Smith (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Wei (1997) wrote that “apical four segments reduced, together subequal in length to or only slightly longer than third segment”.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B4EFFD2FF86196720DB36EBFA72" author="Wei, M." box="[1078,1203,1442,1468]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="25 - 34" refId="ref30207" refString="Wei, M. (1998) A review of Caliroini with descriptions of new taxa from China (Hymenoptera: Heterarthridae). Journal of Central South Forestry University, 18 (4), 25 - 34." type="journal article" year="1998">Wei (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
wrote that “Apical 4 segments of antenna distinctly reduced, 3rd segment of antenna longer than apical 3 segments together”. However, apical four antennomeres are not very reduced in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D3CFFD2FF861F982092310FF9CA" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[713,855,1514,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Caliroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD2FF861F982092310FF9CA" box="[713,855,1514,1541]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">C. annulipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 2J in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B4EFFD2FF861E852092360DF9CA" author="Hara, H." box="[980,1109,1514,1541]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="369 - 383" refId="ref27815" refString="Hara, H. (2011) A new slug sawfly, Caliroa nara sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, infesting oak trees, with taxonomic notes on C. angustata and C. annulipes. Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 17, 369 - 383." type="journal article" year="2011">Hara, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D3CFFD2FF86193820923686F9CA" authorityName="Hara" authorityYear="2020" box="[1129,1246,1515,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Caliroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ouensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD2FF86193820923686F9CA" box="[1129,1246,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">C. ouensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A3AFFD2FF8619BF20933719F9CA" box="[1262,1345,1514,1540]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1822,1847]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,181,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[161,1427,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Heads (A–M), antennae (N–W) and hind tarsus (X). A, K, L, V, Caliroa zelkovae: A, K, female, Nakagawa, host Ulmus davidiana var. japonica; L, V, female, lectotype. B–D, N, X, C. cerasi, female: B–D, N, Shimizu; X, Sapporo. E, O, C. bibaiensis, female, holotype. F, P, C. oishii, female, holotype or paratopotype. G, Q, C. ibukii, female, holotype. H, R, C. vaccini, female, paratype. S, C. ouensis, female, holotype. I, T, C. aizankei, female, holotype. J, U, C. staphyleae, female: J, paralectotype; U, lectotype. M, W, C. nire, female, holotype. A, B, dorsal view. C, anterolateral view. D–M, frontal view. N–W, inner or outer lateral view. X, anteroventral view. P, Q, U, X, reversed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3784000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3784000/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Fig. 3S</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D3CFFD2FF8618D2209232B0F9E6" authorityName="Okutani" authorityYear="1965" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Caliroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaccini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD2FF8618D2209232B0F9E6" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">C. vaccini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A3AFFD2FF861DA623773317F9E6" box="[247,335,1550,1576]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1822,1847]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,181,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[161,1427,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Heads (A–M), antennae (N–W) and hind tarsus (X). A, K, L, V, Caliroa zelkovae: A, K, female, Nakagawa, host Ulmus davidiana var. japonica; L, V, female, lectotype. B–D, N, X, C. cerasi, female: B–D, N, Shimizu; X, Sapporo. E, O, C. bibaiensis, female, holotype. F, P, C. oishii, female, holotype or paratopotype. G, Q, C. ibukii, female, holotype. H, R, C. vaccini, female, paratype. S, C. ouensis, female, holotype. I, T, C. aizankei, female, holotype. J, U, C. staphyleae, female: J, paralectotype; U, lectotype. M, W, C. nire, female, holotype. A, B, dorsal view. C, anterolateral view. D–M, frontal view. N–W, inner or outer lateral view. X, anteroventral view. P, Q, U, X, reversed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3784000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3784000/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Fig. 3R</figureCitation>
|
||
). These three species have the apical four antennomeres together 1.5–2.1 × as long as a third antennomere, and a third antennomere is 0.8–0.9 × as long as the apical three antennomeres together.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536BFFFD2FF861D96232F32B5F977" blockId="1.[151,1437,793,2045]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B4EFFD2FF861D96232F3304F9BE" author="Smith, D. R." box="[199,348,1622,1648]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="1 - 84" refId="ref29134" refString="Smith, D. R. (1971) Nearctic sawflies, III. Heterarthrinae: Adults and larvae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). U. S. Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin, 1420, 1 - 84, pls. 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1971">Smith (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B4EFFD2FF861CC3232E3043F9BE" author="Vasu, V." box="[402,539,1622,1649]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="285 - 290" refId="ref30069" refString="Vasu, V. (1998) First records and new species of Caliroa Costa (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae: Heterarthrinae) from India. Entomotaxonomia, 20, 285 - 290." type="journal article" year="1998">Vasu (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
wrote that an epicnemium (or prepectus) is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D3CFFD2FF861926232F3695F9BE" box="[1143,1229,1622,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Caliroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD2FF861926232F3695F9BE" box="[1143,1229,1622,1648]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Caliroa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while Wei (1997, 1998) wrote that it is distinct. In our material, an epicnemium is usually well defined by a distinct epicnemial groove.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536BFFFD2FF861D9623BB37C0F87A" blockId="1.[151,1437,793,2045]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B4EFFD2FF861D9623BB331EF912" author="Wei, M." box="[199,326,1730,1756]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="25 - 34" refId="ref30207" refString="Wei, M. (1998) A review of Caliroini with descriptions of new taxa from China (Hymenoptera: Heterarthridae). Journal of Central South Forestry University, 18 (4), 25 - 34." type="journal article" year="1998">Wei (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated in his key to genera of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D3CFFD2FF861F9823BB3175F912" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1938" box="[713,813,1730,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Caliroini">Caliroini</taxonomicName>
|
||
that “Hind basitarsus as long as or longer than following 4 joints combined” and “Postocellar furrow absent” for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D3CFFD2FF861E13239F31C0F8CE" box="[834,920,1766,1792]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Caliroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD2FF861E13239F31C0F8CE" box="[834,920,1766,1792]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Caliroa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD2FF861E83239F360CF8CE" box="[978,1108,1766,1792]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Sinocaliroa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B4EFFD2FF86190D239F368BF8CE" author="Wei, M." box="[1116,1235,1766,1792]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" pagination="25 - 34" refId="ref30207" refString="Wei, M. (1998) A review of Caliroini with descriptions of new taxa from China (Hymenoptera: Heterarthridae). Journal of Central South Forestry University, 18 (4), 25 - 34." type="journal article" year="1998">Wei, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and “2nd cubital cell distinctly shorter than 3rd cubital cell”, “Penis valve with a large apical hook” and “Lance without serrula-like dent” for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D3CFFD2FF861C5522573302F886" box="[260,346,1838,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Caliroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD2FF861C5522573302F886" box="[260,346,1838,1864]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Caliroa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These characters are variable within the genus in our material. A hind first tarsomere is 0.7–1.1 × as long as the following four tarsomeres combined. A postocellar furrow is sometimes distinct laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A3AFFD2FF861866222B37D6F8A2" box="[1335,1422,1874,1900]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1822,1847]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,181,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[161,1427,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Heads (A–M), antennae (N–W) and hind tarsus (X). A, K, L, V, Caliroa zelkovae: A, K, female, Nakagawa, host Ulmus davidiana var. japonica; L, V, female, lectotype. B–D, N, X, C. cerasi, female: B–D, N, Shimizu; X, Sapporo. E, O, C. bibaiensis, female, holotype. F, P, C. oishii, female, holotype or paratopotype. G, Q, C. ibukii, female, holotype. H, R, C. vaccini, female, paratype. S, C. ouensis, female, holotype. I, T, C. aizankei, female, holotype. J, U, C. staphyleae, female: J, paralectotype; U, lectotype. M, W, C. nire, female, holotype. A, B, dorsal view. C, anterolateral view. D–M, frontal view. N–W, inner or outer lateral view. X, anteroventral view. P, Q, U, X, reversed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3784000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3784000/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The forewing has the cell 2Cu often as long as the cell 3Cu (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A3AFFD2FF861E69220F31CDF85E" box="[824,917,1910,1936]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,179,1693]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1398,179,1693]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Female adults (A–J) and immature stages (K–T). A, B, Caliroa cerasi, female, Sapporo. C, D, K, L, C. bibaiensis: C, D, female, holotype; K, L, late instar larvae on Crataegus chlorosarca, Bibai, 6 August 2009. E–H, M, C. oishii: E, F, female, holotype or paratopotype of C. oishii; G, H, female, holotype of C. quercivora; M, late instar larva on Quercus crispula, Shintoku, 28 August 1993. I, J, N, C. ibukii: I, J, female, holotype; N, final feeding-instar larva, 6 July 2018. O, C. staphyleae, late instar larvae on Staphylea bumalda, Nakagawa, 9 July 2012. P–S, C. zelkovae: P, eggs in Zelkova serrata, Nakagawa, 30 June 2010; Q, young larvae on Z. serrata, Nakagawa, 26 June 2014; R, middle and late instar larvae on Z. serrata, Nakagawa, 30 June 2010; S, late instar larva on Prunus domestica, Nakagawa, 8 July 2012. T, C. nire, late instar larva on Ulmus pumila, holotype, Shintoku, 21 August 2011. A, C, E, G, I, dorsal or dorsolateral view. B, D, F, H, J, ventral or ventrolateral view. K–M, T, photographed by H. Hara. N–S, photographed by S. Ibuki." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3783996" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3783996/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A3AFFD2FF861EF1220F3671F85E" box="[928,1065,1910,1937]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1829,1854]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,188,1792]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,181,1803]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Female adults. A, B, Caliroa vaccini, paratype. C, D, C. ouensis, holotype. E, F, C. aizankei, holotype. G–J, C. staphyleae: G, H, lectotype of C. staphyleae; I, J, holotype or paratype of C. staphylea. K–P, C. zelkovae: K, L, lectotype of C. zelkovae; M, N, holotype of C. zelkova; O, P, Nakagawa, host Prunus domestica. Q, R, C. nire, holotype.A, C, E, G, I, K, M, O, Q, dorsal or dorsolateral view. B, D, F, H, J, L, N, P, R, ventral or ventrolateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3783998" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3783998/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">2A, E, O, Q</figureCitation>
|
||
). The apex of a penis valve is not hooked but rounded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D3CFFD2FF861CCA22E2306CF87A" authorityName="Oishi" authorityYear="1961" box="[411,564,1946,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Caliroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staphyleae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD2FF861CCA22E2306CF87A" box="[411,564,1946,1973]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">C. staphyleae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A3AFFD2FF861F1222E330F0F87A" box="[579,680,1946,1972]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1891,1916]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,181,1865]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1435,181,1865]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 11. Male genitalia in ventral view (A, D, G, J, M, P, S, V), penis valves in dorsal view and lateral view, left dorsal (B, C, E, F, H, I, K, L, N, O, Q, R, T, U, W, X). A–C, Caliroa cerasi, Finland. D–F, C. oishii, Shintoku. G–I, C. ibukii, paratype. J–L, C. vaccini, paratype. M–O, C. ouensis, paratype. P–R, C. staphyleae, Nakagawa. S–X, C. zelkovae: S–U, Hobara; V–X, Nakagawa, host Prunus domestica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3784016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3784016/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Fig. 11R</figureCitation>
|
||
). A lance is often slightly but distinctly serrate (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD2FF86199122E236B1F87A" box="[1216,1257,1947,1972]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A3AFFD2FF8619A122E33714F87A" box="[1264,1356,1946,1972]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1650,1675]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,561,1625]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1435,561,1625]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Lances and lancets (A, B, E, G), apices of lances (C, H) and middle ventral parts of lancets (D, F, I). A–F, Caliroa oishii: A–D, holotype or paratopotype of C. oishii; E, F, holotype of C. quercivora. G–I, C. ibukii, holotype. 1, 5, first (most basal), fifth serrula.A, G, I, reversed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3784008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3784008/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Figs 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A3AFFD2FF86180622E337D3F87A" box="[1367,1419,1946,1972]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1900,1925]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1435,181,1874]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 10. Lances and lancets (A, C, E, G, I, K) and middle ventral parts of lancets (B, D, F, H, J, L). A–H, Caliroa zelkovae: A, B, lectotype of C. zelkovae; C, D, holotype of C. zelkova; E, F, Nakagawa, host Ulmus davidiana var. japonica; G, H, Nakagawa, host Prunus domestica. I, J, C. matsumotonis, Higashine. K, L, C. nire, holotype. 1, 5, 7, first (most basal), fifth, seventh serrula. G, H, reversed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3784014" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3784014/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">10G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536BFFFD2FF851D9622C732B5FE8D" blockId="1.[151,1437,793,2045]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,153,323]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="303" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D3CFFD2FF861D9622C73345F816" box="[199,285,1982,2008]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Caliroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD2FF861D9622C73345F816" box="[199,285,1982,2008]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Caliroa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D3CFFD2FF861CA522C73101F817" authority="Malaise, 1957 in Japanese" authorityName="Malaise" authorityYear="1957" box="[500,857,1981,2009]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Arla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD2FF861CA522C7307EF816" box="[500,550,1982,2008]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Arla</emphasis>
|
||
Malaise,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B5AFFD2FF861FC722C430B5F816" box="[662,749,1981,2008]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9707799999999995" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" unit="in" value="1957.0">1957 in</quantity>
|
||
Japanese
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tenthredinid genera. They are distinguished as follows: the anterior margin of a postocellar area is not grooved or shortly grooved laterally in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D3CFFD2FF8619FD229B375AF832" box="[1196,1282,2018,2044]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Caliroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD2FF8619FD229B375AF832" box="[1196,1282,2018,2044]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Caliroa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A3AFFD2FF861842229B37D6F833" box="[1299,1422,2018,2045]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1822,1847]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,181,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[161,1427,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Heads (A–M), antennae (N–W) and hind tarsus (X). A, K, L, V, Caliroa zelkovae: A, K, female, Nakagawa, host Ulmus davidiana var. japonica; L, V, female, lectotype. B–D, N, X, C. cerasi, female: B–D, N, Shimizu; X, Sapporo. E, O, C. bibaiensis, female, holotype. F, P, C. oishii, female, holotype or paratopotype. G, Q, C. ibukii, female, holotype. H, R, C. vaccini, female, paratype. S, C. ouensis, female, holotype. I, T, C. aizankei, female, holotype. J, U, C. staphyleae, female: J, paralectotype; U, lectotype. M, W, C. nire, female, holotype. A, B, dorsal view. C, anterolateral view. D–M, frontal view. N–W, inner or outer lateral view. X, anteroventral view. P, Q, U, X, reversed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3784000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3784000/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
), while it is entirely grooved in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D3CFFD1FF851CB825E03043FF7D" authorityName="Malaise" authorityYear="1957" box="[489,539,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Arla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD1FF851CB825E03043FF7D" box="[489,539,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Arla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the distance between a dorsal tentorial pit and a torulus is as long as or slightly longer than the height of a torulus in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D3CFFD1FF851F6A25C430C9FF19" box="[571,657,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Caliroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD1FF851F6A25C430C9FF19" box="[571,657,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Caliroa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A3AFFD1FF851FF025C430A1FF19" box="[673,761,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1822,1847]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,181,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[161,1427,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Heads (A–M), antennae (N–W) and hind tarsus (X). A, K, L, V, Caliroa zelkovae: A, K, female, Nakagawa, host Ulmus davidiana var. japonica; L, V, female, lectotype. B–D, N, X, C. cerasi, female: B–D, N, Shimizu; X, Sapporo. E, O, C. bibaiensis, female, holotype. F, P, C. oishii, female, holotype or paratopotype. G, Q, C. ibukii, female, holotype. H, R, C. vaccini, female, paratype. S, C. ouensis, female, holotype. I, T, C. aizankei, female, holotype. J, U, C. staphyleae, female: J, paralectotype; U, lectotype. M, W, C. nire, female, holotype. A, B, dorsal view. C, anterolateral view. D–M, frontal view. N–W, inner or outer lateral view. X, anteroventral view. P, Q, U, X, reversed." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3784000" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3784000/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
), while it is shorter than that height in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D3CFFD1FF8519FE25C436B9FF19" authorityName="Malaise" authorityYear="1957" box="[1199,1249,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Arla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD1FF8519FE25C436B9FF19" box="[1199,1249,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Arla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; an epicnemium is usually distinct in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D3CFFD1FF851C2E2598338DFF35" box="[383,469,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Caliroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD1FF851C2E2598338DFF35" box="[383,469,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Caliroa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while it is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D3CFFD1FF851F92259830ADFF35" authorityName="Malaise" authorityYear="1957" box="[707,757,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Arla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD1FF851F92259830ADFF35" box="[707,757,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Arla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the mesepisternum is setose from the dorsal to ventral parts uninterruptedly in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D3CFFD1FF851C39247C33E6FED1" box="[360,446,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Caliroa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD1FF851C39247C33E6FED1" box="[360,446,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Caliroa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while it is setose on the dorsal and ventral parts and widely glabrous on the middle part in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D3CFFD1FF851DE5245032BEFE8D" authorityName="Malaise" authorityYear="1957" box="[180,230,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Arla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEAADFFD1FF851DE5245032BEFE8D" box="[180,230,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Arla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |