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<mods:title id="F134BE7FB0D3474D4D191AA8170E7A7A">Guide to the trematodes (Platyhelminthes) that infect the California horn snail (Cerithideopsis californica: Potamididae: Gastropoda) as first intermediate host</mods:title>
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<treatment id="EF6AD37789528B31FF39FE30FA82FB68" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5658154" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160797596" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5658154" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EF6AD37789528B31FF39FE30FA82FB68" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EF6AD37789528B31FF39FE30FA82FB68" lastPageNumber="485" pageId="26" pageNumber="485">
<subSubSection id="2FD931EA89528B31FF39FE30FE7EFE62" pageId="26" pageNumber="485" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="677C626189528B31FF39FE30FDC6FE49" blockId="26.[151,1436,441,1266]" box="[151,515,441,468]" pageId="26" pageNumber="485">
<heading id="3C34D50D89528B31FF39FE30FDC6FE49" bold="true" box="[151,515,441,468]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="485" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289528B31FF39FE30FDC6FE49" ID-CoL="4RRYV" authority="Martin" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1971" box="[151,515,441,468]" class="Trematoda" family="Renicolidae" genus="Renicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="26" pageNumber="485" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cerithidicola">
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389528B31FF39FE30FDC6FE49" bold="true" box="[151,515,441,468]" pageId="26" pageNumber="485">
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389528B31FF39FE30FE67FE4E" bold="true" box="[151,418,441,468]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="485">Renicola cerithidicola</emphasis>
Martin
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="677C626189528B31FF39FE55FE7EFE62" blockId="26.[151,1436,441,1266]" box="[151,443,476,504]" pageId="26" pageNumber="485">
(15. Rece;
<figureCitation id="FFF87EE489528B31FEBFFE54FE9BFE6D" box="[273,350,477,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1428,1453]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,522,1400]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,522,1400]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. General characteristics of the parthenitae and cercariae of the trematodes infecting Cerithideopsis californica as first intermediate host. Species numbers and codes follow Table 1 and species accounts. Cercariae are all to scale, with additional magnified views of six small species (indicated by dashed lines). Note the oral stylets (presented in right lateral view) for Pruc and Smmi. Parthenitae are not to scale. Scale bars consistently indicate 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586556" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586556/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="485">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FFF87EE489528B31FEC2FE54FE76FE62" box="[364,435,477,504]" captionStart="FIGURES 6164" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1595,1620]" captionTargetBox="[157,1433,306,1568]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,306,1568]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 6164. Renicola cerithidicola (Rece). 61, Overview of a colony in a freshly deshelled, infected horn snail in sea water. Arrow indicates the colony, which is localized in the mantle. Scale bar = 1 cm. Base photo credit: Andrew Turner. 62, Sporocysts, live, with developing cercariae, under heavy coverslip pressure. Note the paletot surrounding each sporocysts tegument. Scale bar = 500 µm. 63, Cercaria, live, under coverslip pressure. Scale bar = 100 µm. Ocular micrometer hatch mark = 2.5. 64, Same cercaria as 63, but with a different focal plane, highlighting the Y-shaped excretory bladder. Scale bar = 100 µm. Ocular micrometer hatch mark = 2.5." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3586592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3586592/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="485">6164</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2FD931EA89528B31FF39FD89FBFDFCC5" pageId="26" pageNumber="485" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="677C626189528B31FF39FD89FD41FDF9" blockId="26.[151,1436,441,1266]" pageId="26" pageNumber="485">
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389528B31FF39FD89FED1FD81" bold="true" box="[151,276,512,539]" pageId="26" pageNumber="485">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389528B31FEB4FD88FE63FD81" box="[282,422,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="485">Parthenitae.</emphasis>
Colony comprised of inactive sporocysts, densely concentrated in snail mantle (in enlarged perirectal sinus). Sporocysts translucent yellow, orange, sometimes white; ~
<quantity id="A03BCF8489528B31FC5EFDADFB4AFDA5" box="[1008,1167,548,575]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="485" unit="mm" value="1000.0" valueMax="1500.0" valueMin="500.0">5001500 µm</quantity>
long, ovoid to elongate (length:width up to ~6:1), ~sausage-shaped.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="677C626189528B31FF69FDE4FED1FD55" blockId="26.[151,1436,441,1266]" pageId="26" pageNumber="485">
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389528B31FF69FDE4FEF6FD1D" box="[199,307,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="485">
<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289528B31FF69FDE4FEEAFD1D" authorityName="O.F.Muller" authorityYear="1773" box="[199,303,621,647]" class="Trematoda" family="Colepidae" genus="Cercaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostomatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="485" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Cercaria</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Body mostly opaque white; non-oculate; with oral and ventral sucker; with a large Y-shaped excretory bladder, the arms of which wrap around sides of ventral sucker; body ~
<quantity id="A03BCF8489528B31FC5AFD18FB8EFD31" box="[1012,1099,657,683]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.17" pageId="26" pageNumber="485" unit="mm" value="117.0">117 µm</quantity>
long, ~equal in length to tail; tail simple.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="677C626189528B31FF69FD51FEC0FC8D" blockId="26.[151,1436,441,1266]" pageId="26" pageNumber="485">
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389528B31FF69FD51FE6EFD69" bold="true" box="[199,427,728,755]" pageId="26" pageNumber="485">
<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289528B31FF69FD51FEF5FD69" authorityName="O.F.Muller" authorityYear="1773" box="[199,304,728,755]" class="Trematoda" family="Colepidae" genus="Cercaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostomatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="485" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Cercaria</taxonomicName>
behavior:
</emphasis>
Fresh, emerged cercariae remain in water column, swim ~continuously, lashing tail back and forth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="677C626189528B31FF69FCA9FBFDFCC5" blockId="26.[151,1436,441,1266]" pageId="26" pageNumber="485">
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389528B31FF69FCA9FE40FCA1" bold="true" box="[199,389,800,827]" pageId="26" pageNumber="485">Similar species:</emphasis>
Rece is readily distinguished from the two other small renicolid cercariae (Rema [16] and Repo [17]) by its lack of an oral stylet and by the colony locus being in the mantle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2FD931EA89528B31FF69FCE0FA82FB68" pageId="26" pageNumber="485" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="677C626189528B31FF69FCE0FC4BFC5F" blockId="26.[151,1436,441,1266]" pageId="26" pageNumber="485">
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389528B31FF69FCE0FEF8FC19" bold="true" box="[199,317,873,899]" pageId="26" pageNumber="485">Remarks:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089528B31FEEDFCE0FE25FC19" author="Martin, W. E." box="[323,480,873,899]" pageId="26" pageNumber="485" pagination="188 - 194" refId="ref22157" refString="Martin, W. E. (1971) Larval stages of renicolid trematodes. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 90, 188 - 194. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3225025" type="journal article" year="1971">Martin (1971)</bibRefCitation>
described this species based on the sporocysts, cercariae, and experimentally obtained metacercariae (he was able to get only immature adult specimens in young
<collectingRegion id="A507AC8389528B31FC4BFC03FB92FC3E" box="[997,1111,906,932]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="26" pageNumber="485">California</collectingRegion>
gulls).
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089528B31FB02FC03FF27FC5C" author="Hechinger, R. F. &amp; Miura, O." pageId="26" pageNumber="485" pagination="559 - 574" refId="ref20712" refString="Hechinger, R. F. &amp; Miura, O. (2014) Two ' new' renicolid trematodes (Trematoda: Digenea: Renicolidae) from the California horn snail, Cerithidea californica (Haldeman, 1840) (Gastropoda: Potamididae). Zootaxa, 3784 (5), 559 - 574. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3784.5.5" type="journal article" year="2014">Hechinger and Miura (2014)</bibRefCitation>
provided COI and ITS1 DNA sequence data for this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="677C626189528B31FF69FC44FCD8FBB0" blockId="26.[151,1436,441,1266]" pageId="26" pageNumber="485">
Specimens of this species may have been included, along with specimens of
<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289528B31FBB3FC44FB44FC7D" box="[1053,1153,973,999]" class="Trematoda" family="Renicolidae" genus="Renicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="26" pageNumber="485" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389528B31FBB3FC44FB44FC7D" box="[1053,1153,973,999]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="485">Renicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. “polychaetophila”, in the material
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089528B31FE8BFC66FE00FB92" author="Hunter, W. S." box="[293,453,1006,1033]" pageId="26" pageNumber="485" refId="ref20845" refString="Hunter, W. S. (1942) Studies on cercariae of the common mud-flat snail, Cerithidea californica. University of California, Los Angeles, 128 pp." type="book" year="1942">Hunter (1942)</bibRefCitation>
used to describe her “
<taxonomicName id="A0C319E289528B31FD6CFC66FC5EFB92" box="[706,923,1006,1033]" class="Trematoda" family="Colepidae" genus="Cercaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostomatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="485" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cerithidia">
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389528B31FD6CFC66FC5EFB92" box="[706,923,1006,1033]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="485">Cercaria cerithidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
19” (
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089528B31FC74FC67FB3AFB92" author="Hechinger, R. F. &amp; Miura, O." box="[986,1279,1006,1032]" pageId="26" pageNumber="485" pagination="559 - 574" refId="ref20712" refString="Hechinger, R. F. &amp; Miura, O. (2014) Two ' new' renicolid trematodes (Trematoda: Digenea: Renicolidae) from the California horn snail, Cerithidea californica (Haldeman, 1840) (Gastropoda: Potamididae). Zootaxa, 3784 (5), 559 - 574. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3784.5.5" type="journal article" year="2014">Hechinger &amp; Miura 2014</bibRefCitation>
). This species corresponds to the “Y-bladder cercaria” of
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089528B31FDD6FB86FCDCFBB0" author="Martin, W. E." box="[632,793,1039,1066]" pageId="26" pageNumber="485" pagination="203 - 210" refId="ref21967" refString="Martin, W. E. (1955) Seasonal infections of the snail, Cerithidea californica Haldeman, with larval trematodes. In: Essays in Natural Science in Honor of Captain Alan Hancock on the occasion of his birthday. University of Southern California Press, Los Angeles, California, pp. 203 - 210." type="book chapter" year="1955">Martin (1955)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="677C626189528B31FF69FBB8FE0AFB14" blockId="26.[151,1436,441,1266]" pageId="26" pageNumber="485">
Early Rece infections can be detected. The sporocysts appear to typically initially form in the basal visceral mass, as generally expected for species that infects the snail with ingested eggs (
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089528B31FBBCFBDBFA50FBF6" author="Galaktionov, K. V. &amp; Dobrovolskij, A. A." box="[1042,1429,1106,1132]" pageId="26" pageNumber="485" refId="ref19960" refString="Galaktionov, K. V. &amp; Dobrovolskij, A. A. (2003) The biology and evolution of trematodes: an essay on the biology, morphology, life cycles, transmission, and evolution of digenetic trematodes. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht and Boston, 620 pp." type="book" year="2003">Galaktionov &amp; Dobrovolskij 2003</bibRefCitation>
) (unpublished observations).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="677C626189528B31FF69FB1CFD56FB4A" blockId="26.[151,1436,441,1266]" pageId="26" pageNumber="485">
Mature, ripe colonies comprise ~17% the soft-tissue weight of an infected snail (summer-time estimate derived from information in [
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089528B31FE2DFB3FFDBAFB4A" author="Hechinger, R. F. &amp; Lafferty, K. D. &amp; Mancini III, F. T. &amp; Warner, R. R. &amp; Kuris, A. M." box="[387,639,1205,1233]" pageId="26" pageNumber="485" pagination="651 - 667" refId="ref20498" refString="Hechinger, R. F., Lafferty, K. D., Mancini III, F. T., Warner, R. R. &amp; Kuris, A. M. (2009) How large is the hand in the puppet? Ecological and evolutionary factors affecting body mass of 15 trematode parasitic castrators in their snail host. Evolutionary Ecology, 23, 651 - 667. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10682 - 008 - 9262 - 4" type="journal article" year="2009">
Hechinger
<emphasis id="55B7BE7389528B31FDACFB3EFDF6FB4A" box="[514,563,1206,1232]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="485">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="677C626189528B31FF69FB51FA82FB68" blockId="26.[151,1436,441,1266]" box="[199,1351,1239,1266]" pageId="26" pageNumber="485">
Rece infection causes (stolen) snail bodies to grow ~
<date id="137D44A189528B31FCBBFB51FCF7FB68" box="[789,818,1240,1266]" pageId="26" pageNumber="485">2x</date>
faster than uninfected snails (
<bibRefCitation id="03521F9089528B31FB2EFB5EFAFEFB68" author="Hechinger, R. F." box="[1152,1339,1239,1266]" pageId="26" pageNumber="485" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref20237" refString="Hechinger, R. F. (2010) Mortality affects adaptive allocation to growth and reproduction: field evidence from a guild of body snatchers. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 10 (136), 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 10 - 136" type="journal article" year="2010">Hechinger 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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