555 lines
65 KiB
XML
555 lines
65 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="57A8D7D3FFEF3E0F097480D7E625A3B1">The Mesozoic Family Eremochaetidae (Diptera: Brachycera) in Burmese amber and Relationships of Archisargoidea: Brachycera in Cretaceous Amber, Part VIII</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="874A5658249B323E1AF0EED63095EDC3">Grimaldi, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="48B3D6A4B8EED0158F1C3BD3CB3E2532">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<treatment id="A855BA59FFA92F5040EE0F76FE04F90F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4584964" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180233499" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4584964" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A855BA59FFA92F5040EE0F76FE04F90F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A855BA59FFA92F5040EE0F76FE04F90F" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<subSubSection id="68E658C4FFA92F5640EE0F76FC1AF99B" box="[413,931,1626,1652]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="20430B4FFFA92F5640EE0F76FC1AF99B" blockId="9.[413,931,1626,1652]" box="[413,931,1626,1652]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<heading id="7B0BBC23FFA92F5640EE0F76FC1AF99B" allCaps="true" box="[413,931,1626,1652]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="1">
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RELATIONSHIPS IN
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<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFA92F5643D50F76FC1AF99B" authorityName="Rohdendorf" authorityYear="1962" box="[678,931,1626,1652]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Archisargoidea">ARCHISARGOIDEA</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="68E658C4FFA92F5041DB0FBEFE04F90F" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
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<paragraph id="20430B4FFFA92F5641DB0FBEFBD5F93E" blockId="9.[120,1224,1682,1746]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">In the character descriptions below those states indicated by a “0” are plesiomorphic (based on comparison to various outgroup orthorrhaphans); states “1” or higher are derived.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAA2F5540A909CDFCDFFF14" blockId="10.[474,870,225,252]" box="[474,870,225,252]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">CHARACTERS AND DESCRIPTIONS</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAA2F55410B0813FEB1FEB6" blockId="10.[120,264,319,345]" box="[120,264,319,345]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">BODY FORM</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAA2F5541DB085BFECFFD54" blockId="10.[120,1224,375,699]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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1. Thorax compact, short but deep; abdomen long, slender, and cylindrical in both sexes, abdomen comprising ≥ 0.60× combined length of thorax of abdomen (figs. 1A, 4). These two features were not separated because they seem to always co-occur in
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<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAA2F5542E808EDFC4EFE34" box="[923,1015,449,475]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
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, in various nematocerans and assorted Brachycera (e.g., leptogastrine
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<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAA2F55439108CBFCFAFDEE" box="[738,835,487,513]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Asilidae</taxonomicName>
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, systropine
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<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAA2F5542BE08CBFBDDFDEE" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[973,1124,487,513]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bombyliidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAA2F55451D08CBFF1AFDC9" class="Insecta" family="Evocoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Evocoidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAA2F5541DD0B20FEE4FDC9" box="[174,349,524,550]" class="Insecta" family="Vermileonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Vermileonidae</taxonomicName>
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, etc.). The abdomen is sexually slightly dimorphic in
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<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAA2F5542B90B20FB30FDC9" box="[970,1161,524,550]" class="Insecta" family="Tethepomyiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tethepomyiidae</taxonomicName>
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, with the one known female having a somewhat shorter, stouter abdomen (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="446D76BEFFAA2F5542A00B1DFB7DFDA3" author="Grimaldi, D. & A. Arillo & J. Cumming & M. Hauser" box="[979,1220,561,588]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="293 - 332" refId="ref8951" refString="Grimaldi, D., A. Arillo, J. Cumming, and M. Hauser. 2011. Brachyceran Diptera (Insecta) in Cretaceous ambers, part IV: significant new orthorrhaphous taxa. In M. S. Engel (editor), Contributions celebrating Kumar Krishna. Zookeys 148: 293 - 332." type="journal article" year="2011">Grimaldi et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAA2F55410B0B7BFED8FD9E" box="[120,353,599,625]" class="Insecta" family="Tethepomyiidae" genus="Tethepomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zigrasi">
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<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAA2F55410B0B7BFED8FD9E" box="[120,353,599,625]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tethepomyia zigrasi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Based on a few other archisargoids where both sexes are known (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAA2F55410B0B50FEC9FD79" authorityName="Ren & Guo" authorityYear="1995" box="[120,368,636,662]" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Alleremonomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xingi">
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<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAA2F55410B0B50FEC9FD79" box="[120,368,636,662]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Alleremonomus xingi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[J.-F.
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<bibRefCitation id="446D76BEFFAA2F5540C80B50FDD8FD79" author="Zhang, J. - F." box="[443,609,636,662]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref10028" refString="Zhang, J. - F. 2014 a. Archisargoid flies (Diptera, Brachycera, Archisargidae and Kovalevisargidae) from the Jurassic Daohugou biota of China, and the related biostratigraphical correlation and geological age. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. [doi: 10.1080 / 14772019.2014.960902]" type="book" year="2014">Zhang, 2014a</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 4]) there otherwise doesn’t seem to be dimorphism in body shape.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAA2F55410B0BD3FF07FCF6" blockId="10.[120,190,767,793]" box="[120,190,767,793]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">HEAD</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAA2F5541DB0A1BFD90FC73" blockId="10.[120,1225,823,1745]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2. Shape: spherical or subspherical, with eyes large and occupying much of head surface (fig. 1B, C) (vs. hemispherical, or slightly dorsoventrally flattened, with eyes occupying largely just lateral surfaces of head capsule).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAA2F5541DB0A8BFC8CFC08" blockId="10.[120,1225,823,1745]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">3. Head hemispherical, with eyes in both sexes occupying virtually all of lateral and much of dorsal surfaces (and replacing most of occiput in males).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAA2F5541DB0ADEFE1FFBB8" blockId="10.[120,1225,823,1745]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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4. Eyes with facial margins very close or medially contiguous (e.g., figs. 1C, 3A); at least the male is holoptic (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAA2F5540C50D3BFDCFFBDD" box="[438,630,1047,1074]" class="Insecta" family="Tethepomyiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tethepomyiidae</taxonomicName>
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) and sometimes both sexes (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAA2F5545600D3BFF08FBB9" authorityName="Ren & Guo" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Alleremonomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xingi">
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<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAA2F5545600D3BFF08FBB9" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Alleremonomus xingi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[J.-F. Zhang, 2014]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAA2F5541DB0D4DFC5FFB04" blockId="10.[120,1225,823,1745]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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5. Position of antennal articulation: situated distinctly dorsally, and close to the ocellar triangle (e.g., figs. 1B, 3B) (vs. frontally near anterior margin of frons, or ventrally above clypeus). This is one of the defining features of
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<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAA2F5543160D80FCAEFB29" authorityName="Rohdendorf" authorityYear="1962" box="[613,791,1196,1222]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Archisargoidea">Archisargoidea</taxonomicName>
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, fortunately well preserved in various lithified genera. The antennae in
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<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAA2F55408D0DFDFD02FB04" box="[510,699,1233,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Tethepomyiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tethepomyiidae</taxonomicName>
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are not dorsally situated.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAA2F5541DB0DDBFBB0FA48" blockId="10.[120,1225,823,1745]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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6. Antennal size and shape: small, with postpedicel having a drop-shaped base and produced apically into a slender, style- or aristalike projection (figs. 2B, D, 3C). The excellent preservation of
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<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAA2F5540400C6DFE3DFAB4" box="[307,388,1345,1371]" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Zhenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAA2F5540400C6DFE3DFAB4" box="[307,388,1345,1371]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Zhenia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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reveals at 400× that there is a minute apical article on the postpedicel (fig. 3C), which corresponds to the true stylus. The pedicel is a typical cone-shaped segment in
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<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAA2F5541EB0CA0FEF4FA49" authorityName="Rohdendorf" authorityYear="1962" box="[152,333,1420,1446]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Archisargoidea">Archisargoidea</taxonomicName>
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. The postpedicel in the
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<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAA2F5543150CA0FC9AFA49" box="[614,803,1420,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Tethepomyiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tethepomyiidae</taxonomicName>
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is unique (char. 7).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAA2F5541DB0C9EFCB3F9F9" blockId="10.[120,1225,823,1745]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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7. Structure of postpedicel: reduced to a U-shaped or crescentic article. Found only in
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<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAA2F55410B0CFBFE81FA1E" box="[120,312,1495,1521]" class="Insecta" family="Tethepomyiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tethepomyiidae</taxonomicName>
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. It is possible that a minute style or terminal antennal article is nestled within the postpedicel cavity, but this has not been observable.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAA2F5541DB0F0EFF66F93E" blockId="10.[120,1225,823,1745]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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8. Mouthparts: vestigial, with theca and labellum either lost or so vestigial as to be unobservable. Found in those
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<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAA2F5540DF0F6BFDD3F98E" box="[428,618,1607,1633]" class="Insecta" family="Tethepomyiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tethepomyiidae</taxonomicName>
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where the mouth region is observable; at least in
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<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAA2F55410B0F40FD34F969" authority="Grimaldi and Cumming" authorityName="Grimaldi and Cumming" box="[120,653,1644,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Tethepomyiidae" genus="Tethepomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thauma">
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<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAA2F55410B0F40FED2F969" box="[120,363,1644,1670]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tethepomyia thauma</emphasis>
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Grimaldi and Cumming
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</taxonomicName>
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(in
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<collectingRegion id="E238C5ADFFAA2F5543CF0F41FC84F968" box="[700,829,1645,1671]" country="United States of America" name="New Jersey" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">New Jersey</collectingRegion>
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amber) the palpi are present (and 1-segmented), though very small, and the other mouthparts appear absent or highly vestigial.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAB2F54410B09CDFF04FF14" blockId="11.[120,189,225,251]" box="[120,189,225,251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">WING</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAB2F5441DB0836FEDFFE90" blockId="11.[120,1225,281,1735]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">9. General shape: width to length ratio (i.e., thickness of wing blade), a continuously quantitative character. Wings vary from long and slender (0.21) (e.g., fig. 5A) to short and broad (0.42) (e.g., fig. 6D).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAB2F5441DB08A6FDDEFE00" blockId="11.[120,1225,281,1735]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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10. Venation highly reduced: longitudinal veins apically incomplete/evanescent (complete in
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<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAB2F5441EB0883FE8CFE26" authorityName="GRIMALDI AND ARILLO" authorityYear="2008" box="[152,309,431,457]" class="Insecta" family="Tethepomyiidae" genus="Tethepomima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAB2F5441EB0883FE8CFE26" box="[152,309,431,457]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tethepomima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); veins R
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<subScript id="BC78090AFFAB2F5440D70891FE14FE21" attach="left" box="[420,429,445,462]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1</subScript>
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and Rs are thick and sclerotized, but simple (unbranched) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAB2F5445FF0883FF60FE01" authorityName="GRIMALDI AND CUMMING" authorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Tethepomyiidae" genus="Tethepomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAB2F5445FF0883FF60FE01" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tethepomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 2-branched in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAB2F5440B008F9FDD9FE00" authorityName="GRIMALDI AND ARILLO" authorityYear="2008" box="[451,608,469,495]" class="Insecta" family="Tethepomyiidae" genus="Tethepomima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAB2F5440B008F9FDD9FE00" box="[451,608,469,495]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tethepomima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAB2F5441DB08D6FD53FDD5" blockId="11.[120,1225,281,1735]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
11. R veins crowded (parallel and very close for most of their length), especially R
|
||
<subScript id="BC78090AFFAB2F5445FA0B24FB2BFDF6" attach="left" box="[1161,1170,520,537]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1</subScript>
|
||
and R
|
||
<subScript id="BC78090AFFAB2F5441F90B01FF11FDD1" attach="left" box="[138,168,557,574]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2+3</subScript>
|
||
, a condition found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAB2F5440C00B33FDC3FDD6" box="[435,634,543,569]" class="Insecta" family="Kovalevisargidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Kovalevisargidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 5C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAB2F5441DB0B69FB0BFD45" blockId="11.[120,1225,281,1735]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
12. Relative length of stem Rs measured as a proportion of the total length of Rs. A continuously quantitative character varying from a very short stem (0.05, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAB2F5442290B46FBA6FD6B" box="[858,1055,618,644]" class="Insecta" family="Archisargidae" genus="Mesosolva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAB2F5442290B46FBA6FD6B" box="[858,1055,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Mesosolva zhangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[not coded in matrix]) to one approximately one-third the total length of Rs (0.33, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAB2F5442EF0BBCFB18FD45" box="[924,1185,656,682]" class="Insecta" family="Archisargidae" genus="Daohugosargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eximius">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAB2F5442EF0BBCFB18FD45" box="[924,1185,656,682]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Daohugosargus eximius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAB2F5441DB0B99FD1DFD1A" blockId="11.[120,1225,281,1735]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
13. R
|
||
<subScript id="BC78090AFFAB2F5441970BEFFEBBFD3B" attach="left" box="[228,258,707,724]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2+3</subScript>
|
||
fused with anterior border of cell d, arising from cell d (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAB2F5442EB0B99FBDFFD20" authorityName="Ren" authorityYear="1998" box="[920,1126,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Lepteremochaetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAB2F5442EB0B99FBDFFD20" box="[920,1126,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lepteremochaetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAB2F5445070B9AFB7BFD20" authorityName="EVENHUIS" authorityYear="1994" box="[1140,1218,694,719]" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Dissup" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAB2F5445070B9AFB7BFD20" box="[1140,1218,694,719]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Dissup</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: fig. 6B, D) or even basal to it (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAB2F5440AC0BF7FD2AFD1A" authorityName="REN AND GUO" authorityYear="1995" box="[479,659,731,757]" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Alleremonomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAB2F5440AC0BF7FD2AFD1A" box="[479,659,731,757]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Alleremonomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAB2F5441DB0A2CFB83FCD0" blockId="11.[120,1225,281,1735]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
14. Tip of R
|
||
<subScript id="BC78090AFFAB2F5440430A22FEF7FCF0" attach="left" box="[304,334,782,799]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2+3</subScript>
|
||
upturned and converging very close to tip of R
|
||
<subScript id="BC78090AFFAB2F5442030A22FCC0FCF0" attach="left" box="[880,889,782,799]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1</subScript>
|
||
or actually meeting it, found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAB2F5441EB0A09FEA6FCD0" authorityName="ROHDENDORF" authorityYear="1938" box="[152,287,805,831]" class="Insecta" family="Archisargidae" genus="Archisargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAB2F5441EB0A09FEA6FCD0" box="[152,287,805,831]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Archisargus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (fig. 5A), as well as in some beridine and other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAB2F5442E30A09FB8FFCD0" box="[912,1078,805,831]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Stratiomyidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAB2F5441DB0A67FD6DFC64" blockId="11.[120,1225,281,1735]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
15. Tip of R
|
||
<subScript id="BC78090AFFAB2F5440450A75FEECFC85" attach="left" box="[310,341,857,874]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2+3</subScript>
|
||
meeting and fused with R
|
||
<subScript id="BC78090AFFAB2F5443E30A75FD20FC85" attach="left" box="[656,665,857,874]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1</subScript>
|
||
well before tip of R
|
||
<subScript id="BC78090AFFAB2F5442F50A75FC36FC85" attach="left" box="[902,911,857,874]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1</subScript>
|
||
; found only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAB2F5445390A67FB71FC8A" authorityName="Mostovski" authorityYear="1997" box="[1098,1224,843,869]" class="Insecta" family="Archisargidae" genus="Calosargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAB2F5445390A67FB71FC8A" box="[1098,1224,843,869]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Calosargus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAB2F5441900A5CFE8DFC65" box="[227,308,880,906]" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Zhenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAB2F5441900A5CFE8DFC65" box="[227,308,880,906]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Zhenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see also character 16) (fig. 6C, E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAB2F5441DB0ABAFCF2FC39" blockId="11.[120,1225,281,1735]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
16. R
|
||
<subScript id="BC78090AFFAB2F5441960A88FEBAFC5A" attach="left" box="[229,259,932,949]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2+3</subScript>
|
||
very short, meeting R
|
||
<subScript id="BC78090AFFAB2F54437F0A88FDACFC5A" attach="left" box="[524,533,932,949]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1</subScript>
|
||
well before tip of R
|
||
<subScript id="BC78090AFFAB2F5442720A88FCB3FC5A" attach="left" box="[769,778,932,949]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1</subScript>
|
||
(for a length ≥ length of R
|
||
<subScript id="BC78090AFFAB2F5445380A88FBD0FC5A" attach="left" box="[1099,1129,932,949]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2+3</subScript>
|
||
): found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAB2F5441EB0A97FEF5FC3A" authorityName="REN AND GUO" authorityYear="1995" box="[152,332,955,981]" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Alleremonomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAB2F5441EB0A97FEF5FC3A" box="[152,332,955,981]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Alleremonomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAB2F5440280A90FE10FC3A" authorityName="EVENHUIS" authorityYear="1994" box="[347,425,956,981]" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Dissup" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAB2F5440280A90FE10FC3A" box="[347,425,956,981]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Dissup</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAB2F5440980A97FD00FC3A" authorityName="Ren" authorityYear="1998" box="[491,697,955,981]" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Lepteremochaetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAB2F5440980A97FD00FC3A" box="[491,697,955,981]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lepteremochaetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 6B, D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAB2F5441DB0ACDFC96FBCE" blockId="11.[120,1225,281,1735]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
17. Stem of R
|
||
<subScript id="BC78090AFFAB2F54403F0AC2FED3FC10" attach="left" box="[332,362,1006,1023]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">4+5</subScript>
|
||
connected to apex of cell dm, as found, e.g., in
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAB2F5442DD0ACDFB78FC14" box="[942,1217,993,1019]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAB2F5442DD0ACDFBDCFC14" authorityName="REN AND GUO" authorityYear="1995" box="[942,1125,993,1019]" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Alleremonomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Alleremonomus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAB2F5445000ACEFB78FC14" authorityName="EVENHUIS" authorityYear="1994" box="[1139,1217,994,1019]" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Dissup" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dissup</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAB2F54410B0D2AFEA1FBCF" authorityName="USSATCHOV" authorityYear="1968" box="[120,280,1030,1056]" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Eremochaetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAB2F54410B0D2AFEA1FBCF" box="[120,280,1030,1056]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Eremochaetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAB2F5440540D2AFE7BFBCF" authorityName="Mostovski" authorityYear="1996" box="[295,450,1030,1056]" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Eremomukha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAB2F5440540D2AFE7BFBCF" box="[295,450,1030,1056]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Eremomukha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAB2F5443770D2AFD6BFBCF" authorityName="Ren" authorityYear="1998" box="[516,722,1030,1056]" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Lepteremochaetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAB2F5443770D2AFD6BFBCF" box="[516,722,1030,1056]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lepteremochaetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 6).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAB2F5441DB0D00FC23FB33" blockId="11.[120,1225,281,1735]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">18. Fork of R: small, branches asymmetrical, with anterior branch significantly shorter (fig. 6A–D) (vs. fork longer, symmetrical or nearly so, with tips encompassing tip of wing). A strongly asymmetrical fork occurs in beridine and many higher stratiomyids, but the fork is not particularly short or small. A longer, symmetrical fork in most other archisargoids suggests that the asymmetry in archisargoids and stratiomyids is convergent.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAB2F5440360D15FEDAFBA5" blockId="11.[120,1225,281,1735]" box="[325,355,1081,1098]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<subScript id="BC78090AFFAB2F5440360D15FEDAFBA5" attach="left" box="[325,355,1081,1098]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">4+5</subScript>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAB2F5441DB0DCBFEC3FAC8" blockId="11.[120,1225,281,1735]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
19. Fork of R
|
||
<subScript id="BC78090AFFAB2F5440340DD8FEDCFAEA" attach="left" box="[327,357,1268,1285]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">4+5</subScript>
|
||
absent or lost, found only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAB2F5443BB0DCBFC36FAEE" box="[712,911,1255,1281]" class="Insecta" family="Kovalevisargidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Kovalevisargidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
among the taxa that were studied here (fig. 5C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAB2F5441DB0C1EFBA8FA78" blockId="11.[120,1225,281,1735]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
20. Width of cell dm in proportion to its length (i.e., thickness). A continuously quantitative character varying from stout (width 0.54× the length—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAB2F54424D0C7BFB95FA9E" authorityName="Mostovski" authorityYear="1996" box="[830,1068,1367,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Eremomukha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="addita">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAB2F54424D0C7BFB95FA9E" box="[830,1068,1367,1393]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Eremomukha addita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) to long and slender (width 0.13× the length—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAB2F54437B0C51FC94FA79" authorityName="Zhang" authorityYear="2012" box="[520,813,1404,1431]" class="Insecta" family="Orientisargidae" genus="Orientisargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illecebrosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAB2F54437B0C51FC94FA79" box="[520,813,1404,1431]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Orientisargus illecebrosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAB2F5442480C51FBB8FA79" authorityName="Mostovski" authorityYear="1997" box="[827,1025,1405,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Kovalevisargidae" genus="Kerosargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAB2F5442480C51FBB8FA79" box="[827,1025,1405,1430]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Kerosargus argus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAB2F5441DB0C8EFDB0F9E8" blockId="11.[120,1225,281,1735]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
21. Length of cell bm relative to that of cell br. A continuously quantitative character varying from cell bm significantly shorter than br (0.69, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAB2F54438E0CEBFBB6FA0E" box="[765,1039,1479,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Archisargidae" genus="Daohugosargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eximius">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAB2F54438E0CEBFBB6FA0E" box="[765,1039,1479,1505]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Daohugosargus eximius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) to longer than cell br (1.29, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAB2F5440400CC2FE41F9E8" authorityName="Mostovski" authorityYear="1997" box="[307,504,1518,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Kovalevisargidae" genus="Kerosargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAB2F5440400CC2FE41F9E8" box="[307,504,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Kerosargus argus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAB2F5441DB0F3EFC75F997" blockId="11.[120,1225,281,1735]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
22. Position of r-m crossvein relative to length of cell dm. A continuously quantitative character varying from very close to the base of cell dm (0.05, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAB2F5442090F14FB26F9BD" authorityName="Zhang" authorityYear="2012" box="[890,1183,1592,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Orientisargidae" genus="Orientisargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illecebrosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAB2F5442090F14FB26F9BD" box="[890,1183,1592,1618]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Orientisargus illecebrosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) to three-quarters the length of cell dm (0.77, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAB2F5443FC0F71FC05F998" box="[655,956,1629,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Archisargidae" genus="Origoasilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pingquanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAB2F5443FC0F71FC05F998" box="[655,956,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Origoasilus pingquanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAB2F5341DB0FAFFC3CFE82" blockId="11.[120,1225,281,1735]" lastBlockId="12.[120,1225,225,1239]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
23. Cell m
|
||
<subScript id="BC78090AFFAB2F5440520FBCFE93F94E" attach="left" box="[289,298,1680,1697]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3</subScript>
|
||
is closed before the wing margin (M
|
||
<subScript id="BC78090AFFAB2F5443A80FBCFD5DF94E" attach="left" box="[731,740,1680,1697]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">4</subScript>
|
||
is joined to M
|
||
<subScript id="BC78090AFFAB2F5442E30FBCFC20F94E" attach="left" box="[912,921,1680,1697]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3</subScript>
|
||
) (figs. 5D, E; 6D) (vs. cell open, these M veins not joined before the wing margin). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAB2F5442360F84FC4EF92D" authorityName="Rohdendorf" authorityYear="1962" box="[837,1015,1704,1730]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Archisargoidea">Archisargoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
cell m
|
||
<subScript id="BC78090AFFAB2F54453B0F9AFBE8F928" attach="left" box="[1096,1105,1718,1735]" fontSize="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3</subScript>
|
||
occurs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F53410B09CDFE95FF14" authorityName="REN AND GUO" authorityYear="1995" box="[120,300,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Alleremonomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F53410B09CDFE95FF14" box="[120,300,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Alleremonomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F53404809CDFD93FF14" box="[315,554,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Archisargidae" genus="Archisargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F53404809CDFD93FF14" box="[315,554,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Archisargus strigatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F53434A09CEFD3EFF14" authorityName="EVENHUIS" authorityYear="1994" box="[569,647,226,251]" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Dissup" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F53434A09CEFD3EFF14" box="[569,647,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Dissup</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F5343E509CDFCB5FF14" authorityName="HONG" authorityYear="1983" box="[662,780,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Archisargidae" genus="Mesosolva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F5343E509CDFCB5FF14" box="[662,780,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mesosolva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(including species formerly placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F53410B082BFF54FECE" box="[120,237,263,289]" class="Insecta" family="Archisargidae" genus="Brevisolva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F53410B082BFF54FECE" box="[120,237,263,289]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Brevisolva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F534056082BFE3FFECE" authorityName="Hong" authorityYear="1983" box="[293,390,263,289]" class="Insecta" family="Archisargidae" genus="Prosolva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F534056082BFE3FFECE" box="[293,390,263,289]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Prosolva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F5340EE0824FD8EFECD" authorityName="Zhang" authorityYear="2012" box="[413,567,264,290]" class="Insecta" family="Orientisargidae" genus="Orientisargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F5340EE0824FD8EFECD" box="[413,567,264,290]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Orientisargus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F534336082BFD7FFECE" box="[581,710,263,289]" class="Insecta" family="Archisargidae" genus="Origoasilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F534336082BFD7FFECE" box="[581,710,263,289]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Origoasilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F5342760824FC6FFECE" authorityName="Mostovski" authorityYear="1996" box="[773,982,263,289]" class="Insecta" family="Archisargidae" genus="Parvisargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F5342760824FC6FFECE" box="[773,982,263,289]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Parvisargus malus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In other Brachycera cell m
|
||
<subScript id="BC78090AFFAC2F5341B10817FF72FEA3" attach="left" box="[194,203,315,332]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">3</subScript>
|
||
also occurs in some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F5340A30801FDD8FEA8" box="[464,609,301,327]" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Acroceridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F5343030801FCB8FEA8" authorityName="Bigot" authorityYear="1857" box="[624,769,301,327]" class="Insecta" family="Apioceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Apioceridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, many
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F5342280801FC04FEA8" box="[859,957,301,327]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Asilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F5342B80801FBC2FEA8" box="[971,1147,301,327]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nemestrinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F53410B087FFF40FE82" box="[120,249,339,365]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Therevidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F534046087FFE6EFE82" box="[309,471,339,365]" class="Insecta" family="Xylophagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Xylophagidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F534090087FFDC9FE82" box="[483,624,339,365]" class="Insecta" family="Xylomyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Xylomyidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F5343A2087FFC38FE82" box="[721,897,339,365]" class="Insecta" family="Vermileonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Vermileonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAC2F5341DB0855FB02FE55" blockId="12.[120,1225,225,1239]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
24. Apical branches of vein M: 2 (M
|
||
<subScript id="BC78090AFFAC2F53433908ABFDEAFE77" attach="left" box="[586,595,391,408]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">3</subScript>
|
||
is lost) (fig. 5B) (vs. 3 branches). Found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F5345390855FB71FE7C" authorityName="Mostovski" authorityYear="1997" box="[1098,1224,377,403]" class="Insecta" family="Archisargidae" genus="Calosargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F5345390855FB71FE7C" box="[1098,1224,377,403]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Calosargus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F5341A6088CFDBEFE55" authority="Mostovski" authorityName="Mostovski" box="[213,519,415,442]" class="Insecta" family="Archisargidae" genus="Calosargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thanasymus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F5341A6088CFE38FE56" box="[213,385,415,442]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. thanasymus</emphasis>
|
||
Mostovski
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F53436808B3FC85FE56" authorityName="Mostovski" authorityYear="1996" box="[539,828,415,441]" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Eremomukha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsokotukha">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F53436808B3FC85FE56" box="[539,828,415,441]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Eremomukha tsokotukha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F53423808B3FC5FFE56" authorityName="Zhang" authorityYear="2012" box="[843,998,415,441]" class="Insecta" family="Archisargidae" genus="Flagellisargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F53423808B3FC5FFE56" box="[843,998,415,441]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Flagellisargus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F53455B08B3FB0AFE56" authorityName="MOSTOVSKI" authorityYear="1996" box="[1064,1203,415,441]" class="Insecta" family="Archisargidae" genus="Sharasargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F53455B08B3FB0AFE56" box="[1064,1203,415,441]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sharasargus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAC2F5341DB08E9FC8BFE30" blockId="12.[120,1225,225,1239]" box="[168,818,453,480]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
25. Vein M: simple, unbranched in all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F53431D08E9FC97FE30" box="[622,814,453,479]" class="Insecta" family="Tethepomyiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tethepomyiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAC2F5341DB08C7FF58FDC4" blockId="12.[120,1225,225,1239]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
26. Cell cup is closed (i.e., CuA
|
||
<subScript id="BC78090AFFAC2F53436708D5FDA4FDE5" attach="left" box="[532,541,505,522]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">2</subScript>
|
||
and A
|
||
<subScript id="BC78090AFFAC2F53431F08D5FDCCFDE5" attach="left" box="[620,629,505,522]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1</subScript>
|
||
meet before the wing margin) (figs. 5A; 6A, C, D), vs. open.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAC2F5341DB0B1BFD19FCDA" blockId="12.[120,1225,225,1239]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
27. Cell br with longitudinal spurious vein (e.g., fig. 5D). This vein was mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="446D76BEFFAC2F5345EA0B1BFE8BFD97" author="Ren, D. & Z. Guo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="300 - 307" refId="ref9427" refString="Ren, D., and Z. Guo. 1995. A new genus and two new species of short-horned flies of Upper Jurassic from northeast China (Diptera: Eremochaetidae). Insect Science 2: 300 - 307." type="journal article" year="1995">Ren and Guo (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and K.-Y. Zhang et al. (2007a), but not reported in descriptions by J.-F. Zhang (though indicated in some drawings, e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F5343F30BAFFCA3FD72" authorityName="Zhang" authorityYear="2014" box="[640,794,643,669]" class="Insecta" family="Archisargidae" genus="Tabanisargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F5343F30BAFFCA3FD72" box="[640,794,643,669]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tabanisargus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F53425F0BAFFB80FD72" authorityName="Zhang" authorityYear="2014" box="[812,1081,643,669]" class="Insecta" family="Archisargidae" genus="Archirhagio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mostovskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F53425F0BAFFB80FD72" box="[812,1081,643,669]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Archirhagio mostovskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). There are some discrepancies among descriptions and images, e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F5342620B85FC5AFD2C" box="[785,995,681,707]" class="Insecta" family="Archisargidae" genus="Mesosolva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F5342620B85FC5AFD2C" box="[785,995,681,707]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mesosolva sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a spurious vein according to J.-F. Zhang (2010) but not according to the original description by K.-Y.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="446D76BEFFAC2F5345130BE3FF40FCE0" author="Zhang, J. - F." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="663 - 669" refId="ref9809" refString="Zhang, J. - F. 2010 a. New species of Palaeobolbomyia Kovalev and Ussatchovia Kovalev (Diptera, Brachycera, Rhagionidae) from the Callovian-Oxfordian (Jurassic) Daohugou biota of China: Biostratigraphic and paleoecologic implications. Geobios 43: 663 - 669." type="journal article" year="2010">Zhang et al. (2010a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. A spurious vein is not reported in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F5343DC0BD9FBAFFCE0" authority="(Hong)" baseAuthorityName="Hong" box="[687,1046,757,783]" class="Insecta" family="Archisargidae" genus="Mesosolva" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huabaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F5343DC0BD9FC0FFCE0" box="[687,950,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mesosolva huabaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Hong)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by J.-F. Zhang (2015) but is visible in the photo in that paper.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAC2F5341DB0A6DFB71FC48" blockId="12.[120,1225,225,1239]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
28. Vein CuA or CuA
|
||
<subScript id="BC78090AFFAC2F5340D80A62FE0DFCB0" attach="left" box="[427,436,846,863]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">2</subScript>
|
||
+A
|
||
<subScript id="BC78090AFFAC2F5340A90A62FE5AFCB0" attach="left" box="[474,483,846,863]" fontSize="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1</subScript>
|
||
(originally interpreted as CuA-CuP [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="446D76BEFFAC2F5342EE0A6CFF0EFC6E" author="Grimaldi, D. & J. Cumming" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref8867" refString="Grimaldi, D., and J. Cumming. 1999. Brachyceran Diptera in Cretaceous ambers and Mesozoic diversification of the Eremoneura. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 239: 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1999">Grimaldi and Cumming, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]): apically forked in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F5340D70A4AFC11FC6F" authority="Grimaldi and Arillo" authorityName="Grimaldi and Arillo" box="[420,936,870,896]" class="Insecta" family="Tethepomyiidae" genus="Tethepomima" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holomma">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F5340D70A4AFD0CFC6F" box="[420,693,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tethepomima holomma</emphasis>
|
||
Grimaldi and Arillo
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F5342C70A4AFEDFFC49" authority="Grimaldi and Arillo" authorityName="Grimaldi and Arillo" class="Insecta" family="Tethepomyiidae" genus="Tethepomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buruhandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F5342C70A4AFB71FC6F" box="[948,1224,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tethepomyia buruhandi</emphasis>
|
||
Grimaldi and Arillo
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F5340D50AA0FC38FC49" authority="Grimaldi and Arillo" authorityName="Grimaldi and Arillo" box="[422,897,908,934]" class="Insecta" family="Tethepomyiidae" genus="Tethepomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zigrasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F5340D50AA0FD34FC49" box="[422,653,908,934]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tethepomyia zigrasi</emphasis>
|
||
Grimaldi and Arillo
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(not visible for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F53454C0AA1FB0EFC49" box="[1087,1207,908,934]" class="Insecta" family="Tethepomyiidae" genus="Tethepomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thauma">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F53454C0AA1FB0EFC49" box="[1087,1207,908,934]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. thauma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAC2F5341DB0A9FFD7DFB8B" blockId="12.[120,1225,225,1239]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
29. Anal lobe is lost or highly reduced, measured as the width of the anal lobe as a proportion of the overall width of the wing, a continuously quantitative character. This feature is found in most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F5341AF0AD2FE29FBF7" authorityName="Rohdendorf" authorityYear="1962" box="[220,400,1022,1048]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Archisargoidea">Archisargoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where it is preserved (the anal lobe margin was not preserved in 13 lithified species).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F5340360D08FD93FBD1" box="[325,554,1060,1086]" class="Insecta" family="Tethepomyiidae" genus="Tethepomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zigrasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F5340360D08FD93FBD1" box="[325,554,1060,1086]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tethepomyia zigrasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a reduced anal lobe, although the other three species of tethepomyiids have a well-developed anal lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAC2F5341DB0D5CFDF9FB38" blockId="12.[120,1225,225,1239]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
30. Base of wing: petiolate, long, and slender (fig. 6A–C). To some extent this is correlated with the character above (anal lobe highly reduced), but not entirely the same. Found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F5345060DBBFF70FB39" authorityName="Mostovski" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Eremomukha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F5345060DBBFF70FB39" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Eremomukha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F5341A40D90FE1CFB39" authorityName="Ren" authorityYear="1998" box="[215,421,1212,1238]" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Lepteremochaetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F5341A40D90FE1CFB39" box="[215,421,1212,1238]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Lepteremochaetus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F53409B0D90FD80FB39" box="[488,569,1212,1238]" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Zhenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F53409B0D90FD80FB39" box="[488,569,1212,1238]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Zhenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAC2F53410B0C36FE70FADB" blockId="12.[120,457,1306,1332]" box="[120,457,1306,1332]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ABDOMEN AND TERMINALIA</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAC2F5341DB0C7FFD23FA7C" blockId="12.[120,1224,1363,1731]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">31. Abdomen extremely long, slender, and cylindrical; abdomen is ≥0.80× combined length of thorax + abdomen (cf. char. 1) (figs. 1A, 4).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="20430B4FFFAC2F5041DB0CB3FE04F90F" blockId="12.[120,1224,1363,1731]" lastBlockId="15.[120,1224,1473,1760]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
32. Oviscapt: Three conditions are scored: 1. Formed from elongate cerci. In Recent orthorrhaphans this condition is found in several genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F5342140CE8FBA3FA31" box="[871,1050,1476,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nemestrinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F53455D0CE9FB78FA31" box="[1070,1217,1477,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Hirmoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F53455D0CE9FB78FA31" box="[1070,1217,1477,1502]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hirmoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F53410B0CC6FED5F9EB" box="[120,364,1514,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Neorhynchocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F53410B0CC6FED5F9EB" box="[120,364,1514,1540]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Neorhynchocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F53400D0CC6FDACF9EB" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1839" box="[382,533,1514,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Trichopsidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F53400D0CC6FDACF9EB" box="[382,533,1514,1540]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Trichopsidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but the cerci are not pointed at the tips nor are they rigid and heavily sclerotized. 2. The base of the oviscapt is bulbous and the sharp tips of the cerci (aculeus) point posteriad, which is seen in most archisargoid females whose terminalia are preserved (including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F5340D00F70FE4FF999" box="[419,502,1628,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Zhenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F5340D00F70FE4FF999" box="[419,502,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Zhenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (figs. 2E, F, 3D), exceptions being
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F5342EE0F71FB71F999" authorityName="Zhang" authorityYear="2012" box="[925,1224,1628,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Orientisargidae" genus="Orientisargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illecebrosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F5342EE0F71FB71F999" box="[925,1224,1628,1655]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Orientisargus illecebrosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAC2F5341C30FAEFEFFF973" box="[176,326,1666,1692]" class="Insecta" family="Uranorhagionidae" genus="Uranorhagio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAC2F5341C30FAEFEFFF973" box="[176,326,1666,1692]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Uranorhagio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(J.-F.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="446D76BEFFAC2F5340E60FAEFDF8F973" author="Zhang, J. - F." box="[405,577,1666,1692]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="878 - 885" refId="ref9935" refString="Zhang, J. - F. 2012 a. Distinct but rare archisargid flies from Jurassic of China (Diptera, Brachycera, Archisargidae) with discussion of the systematic position of Origoasilus pingquanensis Zhang et al., 2011. Journal of Paleontology 86: 878 - 885." type="journal article" year="2012">Zhang, 2012a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). 3. Oviscapt base not particularly bulbous, and the oviscapt (which includes at least the cerci) is curved ventrad. This condition (3) occurs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAF2F50410B0CEDFEDEFA35" box="[120,359,1473,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Tethepomyiidae" genus="Tethepomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zigrasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAF2F50410B0CEDFEDEFA35" box="[120,359,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tethepomyia zigrasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the only species of tethepomyiid whose female is known. It needs to be noted that a similar, ventrally hooked structure was reported in the compression fossil
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAF2F50410B0F27FE4BF9CA" authorityName="Zhang" authorityYear="2014" box="[120,498,1547,1573]" class="Insecta" family="Kovalevisargidae" genus="Kovalevisargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haifanggouensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1288D75DFFAF2F50410B0F27FE4BF9CA" box="[120,498,1547,1573]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Kovalevisargus haifanggouensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but which was interpreted as male genitalia (J.-F.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="446D76BEFFAF2F5045070F27FF7CF9A4" author="Zhang, J. - F." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref10028" refString="Zhang, J. - F. 2014 a. Archisargoid flies (Diptera, Brachycera, Archisargidae and Kovalevisargidae) from the Jurassic Daohugou biota of China, and the related biostratigraphical correlation and geological age. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. [doi: 10.1080 / 14772019.2014.960902]" type="book" year="2014">Zhang, 2014a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="446D76BEFFAF2F5041AE0F1DFE23F9A3" author="Kovalev, V. G." box="[221,410,1585,1612]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="125 - 154" refId="ref9070" refString="Kovalev, V. G. 1986. [Infraorders Bibionomorpha and Asilomorpha]. In Insects in the Early Cretaceous ecosystems of western Mongolia (Studies in the Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expeditions 28): 125 - 154. Moscow: Nauka Press." type="journal article" year="1986">Kovalev (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated that the aculeate female terminalia define the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAF2F50451F0F1DFF54F99F" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eremochaetidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this distinctive character has been found since then to be more widespread among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAF2F5041A60F57FE29F97A" authorityName="Rohdendorf" authorityYear="1962" box="[213,400,1659,1685]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Archisargoidea">Archisargoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="446D76BEFFAF2F5040ED0F57FDCDF979" author="Mostovski, M. B." box="[414,628,1659,1686]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="72 - 78" refId="ref9252" refString="Mostovski, M. B. 1997. On knowledge of fossil flies of the superfamily Archisargoidea (Diptera, Brachycera). Paleontological Journal 31: 72 - 78." type="journal article" year="1997">Mostovski (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned an undescribed species/specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAF2F50410B0F8DFE9FF954" baseAuthorityName="Ussatchov" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[120,294,1697,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Archocyrtidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Archocyrtidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a “needlelike ovipositor,” which if verified would place this family also within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7FC70CCFFAF2F50418D0FEAFE00F90F" authorityName="Rohdendorf" authorityYear="1962" box="[254,441,1734,1760]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Archisargoidea">Archisargoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |