238 lines
30 KiB
XML
238 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="0EC1D02379E8113167CB75D4A2B67B4E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.210864" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bc8606df-9e8b-44af-a522-0fd0ae7b1349" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="210864" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460475468456" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Borkent, Art & Grafe, Ulmar" docDate="2012" docId="9720782FAA07FFACFF78FB1445F10EF6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03279p045.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3279" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Corethrella (Corethrella) nanoantennalis Borkent & Grafe, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="6B190057AA0FFFA5FFEFFFE147380A5C" masterDocTitle="The Frog-Biting Midges of Borneo — From Two to Eleven Species (Corethrellidae: Diptera)" masterLastPageNumber="45" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698306645417" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="ED958A8B7F3FC735C9DC5B81696A7BA6">
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<mods:title id="771A22A9F610DF8D67AA339603B208E7">The Frog-Biting Midges of Borneo — From Two to Eleven Species (Corethrellidae: Diptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D6CFA8F56A054E488F66CF62FEC9780C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="AD6B94F5FD0C8BFB11BC832FAD0E1E9A">Borkent, Art</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="14A0A2BAE7909601EB8D52715C0F8DC1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F244572E7A20F0AFCCD2853A4E626D52">Grafe, Ulmar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3656E1C1BEA0FA57088EC54E3B326FB7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="9A432C743601854C5F7C3A5B5A0776E9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="664F2233D7C1BB26ACD0CD3623BCDC85">
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<mods:date id="A263B36B97E45EEC55985FE74E3AE059">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="2ABFB0FF73B068ADDF3750F843846612" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="06144FEF11FBC27BF450E629030133A6">3279</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="FA4EB89F94582711D5627E1FE60A0780">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B434C3A75E81D8214E8ABBE97069054C" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.210864</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9720782FAA07FFACFF78FB1445F10EF6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5619822" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119516207" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5619822" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9720782FAA07FFACFF78FB1445F10EF6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9720782FAA07FFACFF78FB1445F10EF6" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="57939AB2AA07FFADFF78FB1445440F6C" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1F36C939AA07FFADFF78FB14433F0F53" blockId="8.[151,1031,1269,1328]" box="[151,1031,1269,1295]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="447E7E55AA07FFADFF78FB14433F0F53" bold="true" box="[151,1031,1269,1295]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA07FFADFF78FB14433F0F53" bold="true" box="[151,1031,1269,1295]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="D889B2BAAA07FFADFF78FB1444520F53" ID-CoL="BCR9K" authority="Borkent & Grafe" authorityName="Borkent & Grafe" box="[151,874,1269,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanoantennalis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Corethrella">
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA07FFADFF78FB14461A0F53" bold="true" box="[151,290,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Corethrella</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA07FFADFEDDFB1446840F53" bold="true" box="[306,444,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Corethrella</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA07FFADFE21FB1445B30F53" bold="true" box="[462,651,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">nanoantennalis</emphasis>
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Borkent & Grafe
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="36CEA850AA07FFADFC98FB14433F0F53" box="[887,1031,1269,1295]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1F36C939AA07FFADFF78FAF945440F6C" blockId="8.[151,1031,1269,1328]" box="[151,636,1304,1328]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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(
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA07FFADFF70FAF947D40F6C" box="[159,236,1304,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[181,1404,193,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[181,1405,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 3. Female adult Corethrella feeding on calling male frogs in Borneo. A. C. nanoantennalis on thorax and legs of Ansonia longidigita (Inger) (Lanjak Entimau, Sarawak, Malaysia; photograph by second author). B. C. mitra on area surrounding nares of Limnonectes leporinus (Andersson) (30 km NE Kalabakan, Sabah, Malaysia; photograph by Oliver Konopik; note reddish abdomens of engorged females)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210867/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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A, 4C, 6C, 8C, 9C, 12C, 13C, 14A)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="57939AB2AA07FFADFF78FABF463D0C37" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="1F36C939AA07FFADFF78FABF463D0C37" blockId="8.[151,1437,1374,2027]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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DIAGNOSIS:
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA07FFADFEA0FABF46EF0F2A" box="[335,471,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA07FFADFEA0FABF46B10F2A" box="[335,393,1374,1398]" name="Malta" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Male</collectingCountry>
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adult.
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</emphasis>
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Unknown.
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA07FFADFD9CFABF442E0F2A" box="[627,790,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Female adult.</emphasis>
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Only extant species of
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<taxonomicName id="D889B2BAAA07FFADFBD5FABF43830F2A" box="[1082,1211,1374,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA07FFADFBD5FABF43830F2A" box="[1082,1211,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Corethrella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the Palaearctic, Oriental, Oceanian and northern Australasian Regions with the combination of no pigmentation distal to a single distinct midlength wing band (no subapical band) (
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA07FFADFD0FFA4544700FE0" box="[736,840,1444,1468]" captionStart="FIGURE 12. A – K" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,193,1922]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 12. A – K. Wings of female Corethrella." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210876/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
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), flagellomeres 1–4 short, each notably shorter than flagellomere 5 (
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA07FFADFEA7FA2646B20F83" box="[328,394,1479,1503]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1973,1996]" captionTargetBox="[185,1417,209,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[178,1422,193,1959]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 8. Antennae and male genitalia of Corethrella. A – K. Antennae of female Corethrella. L. Antenna of male C. tigrina. M. Male genitalia of C. tigrina, dorsal view; parts drawn in proportion to each other." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210872/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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C), with non-discrete darker pigmentation on the basal 0.5 of the midfemur and basal 0.3–0.4 of the hind femur, uniformly yellow or light brown hind tibia, and abdominal tergites each with an anterior darker band (
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA07FFADFF0FF9EC46030C79" box="[224,315,1549,1573]" captionStart="FIGURE 9. A – D" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1975,1998]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,200,1947]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1952]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 9. A – D. Thoraces and legs of female Corethrella, lateral view; slide-mounted." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210873/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
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). Only extant species in Borneo with the combination of flagellomeres 1–4 short (
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA07FFADFAE7F9EC42740C79" box="[1288,1356,1549,1573]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1973,1996]" captionTargetBox="[185,1417,209,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[178,1422,193,1959]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 8. Antennae and male genitalia of Corethrella. A – K. Antennae of female Corethrella. L. Antenna of male C. tigrina. M. Male genitalia of C. tigrina, dorsal view; parts drawn in proportion to each other." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210872/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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C) and palpal segments 1–2 dark brown and contrasting with pale segments 3–4 (5 grading from pale to medium brown) (
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA07FFADFF70F9B247DB0C37" box="[159,227,1619,1643]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1929,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1908]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 6. Head capsules of female Corethrella, anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210870/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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C).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="57939AB2AA07FFACFF28F99745330804" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1F36C939AA07FFACFF28F9974646086A" blockId="8.[151,1437,1374,2027]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,1194]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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DESCRIPTION:
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA07FFADFE7DF99745340CD2" box="[402,524,1654,1678]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA07FFADFE7DF99746F30CD2" box="[402,459,1654,1678]" name="Malta" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Male</collectingCountry>
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adult
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</emphasis>
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. Unknown.
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA07FFADFD73F99744000CD2" box="[668,824,1654,1678]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Female adult.</emphasis>
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Descriptive statistics: See
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<tableCitation id="520BFC82AA07FFADFB83F99743FE0CD2" box="[1132,1222,1654,1678]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="42.[151,235,154,175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1259,203,680]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="TABLE 1. Length (in mm) of wing of females of species of Corethrella." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4BF699B1AA25FF8FFF78FF7B44440AF3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="4BF699B1AA25FF8FFF78FF7B44440AF3">Tables 1</tableCitation>
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–5.
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA07FFADFB15F99742020CD2" bold="true" box="[1274,1338,1654,1678]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Head</emphasis>
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: Outline in anterior view somewhat circular (
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA07FFADFDDDF978454E0CED" box="[562,630,1689,1713]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1929,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1908]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 6. Head capsules of female Corethrella, anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210870/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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C). Coronal suture elongate, extending ventrally past ommatidia. Two large setae on frons between ventromedial area of ommatidia. Antenna uniformly medium brown; pedicel without distinctive elongate, stout setae. Antennal flagellomeres as in
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA07FFADFCB6F93E44A30CAB" box="[857,923,1759,1783]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1973,1996]" captionTargetBox="[185,1417,209,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[178,1422,193,1959]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 8. Antennae and male genitalia of Corethrella. A – K. Antennae of female Corethrella. L. Antenna of male C. tigrina. M. Male genitalia of C. tigrina, dorsal view; parts drawn in proportion to each other." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210872/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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C; sensilla coeloconica on flagellomeres 1–2, 9–13, only flagellomere 1 with more than one; flagellomere 13 with well-developed apical bifurcation. Clypeus (
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA07FFADFF70F8C547DB0D60" box="[159,227,1828,1852]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1929,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1908]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 6. Head capsules of female Corethrella, anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210870/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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C) somewhat square. Mandible with very small, pointed teeth. Palpus (
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA07FFADFBCCF8C5435F0D60" box="[1059,1127,1828,1852]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1929,1952]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1908]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 6. Head capsules of female Corethrella, anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210870/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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C) with segments 1–2 dark brown, very base of segment 3 dark brown or pale, most or all of segment 3, segments 4 light brown, segment 5 grading from light to medium brown apically; segment 3 swollen apically.
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA07FFADFC1DF88A43730DDF" bold="true" box="[1010,1099,1899,1923]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Thorax</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA07FFADFBB4F88B438E0DDE" box="[1115,1206,1898,1922]" captionStart="FIGURE 9. A – D" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1975,1998]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,200,1947]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1952]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 9. A – D. Thoraces and legs of female Corethrella, lateral view; slide-mounted." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210873/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
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): Scutum, scutellum mostly light to medium brown, contrasting with darker brown pleura; pale sclerites around base of wing. Posterior portion of dorsocentral row with 2 elongate setae situated somewhat lateral to one another. Prescutal suture elongate, thick, uninterrupted, extending to near dorsocentral row of setae. Anterior anepisternum divided diagonally by sinuous suture, dorsal portion about equal to ventral portion. Ventral portion of posterior anepisternum triangular, uniformly brown, with anterodorsal margin not thick.
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA06FFACFBD8FF5B434F0A8F" bold="true" box="[1079,1143,186,211]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Wing</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA06FFACFB64FF5B43CE0A8E" box="[1163,1270,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 12. A – K" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,193,1922]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 12. A – K. Wings of female Corethrella." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210876/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
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): Apex of R2 slightly distal to apex of M1. Anterior margin with differently, discretely pigmented scales (indicating anterior margin of midlength band), with midlength band, with darker more basal scales restricted to vein C, Sc, slightly in more posterior veins, with basal scales on posterior margin of wing dark; veins (other than costa and wing margin) with well-developed scales. Halter medium brown, equal to scutellum.
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA06FFACFC3FFEAC43300B39" bold="true" box="[976,1032,333,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Legs</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA06FFACFBF6FEAD434A0B38" box="[1049,1138,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 9. A – D" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1975,1998]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,200,1947]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1952]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 9. A – D. Thoraces and legs of female Corethrella, lateral view; slide-mounted." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210873/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
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): Light brown, with about basal 0.5 of forefemur slightly darker, about basal 0.5 of midfemur darker, about basal 0.2–0.3 of hind femur darker; with darker pigmentation not discrete. With only slender setae, lacking scales. Midleg with thick, subapical setae on each of at least tarsomeres 1–3. Claws of each leg equal to those of others; equal on each leg, simple (without inner teeth). Empodia thick.
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA06FFACFD49FE3644230BAC" bold="true" box="[678,795,471,496]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Abdomen</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA06FFACFCC4FE3644AC0BB3" box="[811,916,471,495]" captionStart="FIGURE 13. A – J" captionStartId="35.[151,250,2013,2036]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1989]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,193,1991]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 13. A – J. Abdomens of female Corethrella, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210877/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
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): Tergites 2–7 pale with anterolateral corners more darkly pigmented, sternites light brown with sternites 2–6 with posterior margin pale. Segments 8–9 medium brown. Cercus pale.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1F36C939AA06FFACFF28FDA345330804" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,1194]" box="[199,523,576,601]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA06FFACFF28FDA346B80805" box="[199,384,578,601]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Immature stages</emphasis>
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. Unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="57939AB2AA06FFACFF28FD8245F10EF6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="1F36C939AA06FFACFF28FD824208095B" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,1194]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
DISTRIBUTION AND BIONOMICS:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D889B2BAAA06FFACFD69FD8544820820" box="[646,954,612,636]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanoantennalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA06FFACFD69FD8544820820" box="[646,954,612,636]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Corethrella nanoantennalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from female specimens collected in Ulu Temburong National Park in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA06FFACFDDFFD67454408C2" box="[560,636,646,670]" name="Brunei" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Brunei</collectingCountry>
|
||
at
|
||
<quantity id="D87164DCAA06FFACFD4FFD6745DF08C2" box="[672,743,646,670]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="110.0">110 m</quantity>
|
||
and Lanjak Entimau,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA06FFACFC0DFD67437E08C2" box="[994,1094,646,670]" name="Malaysia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA06FFACFBBDFD67438108C2" box="[1106,1209,646,670]" name="Malaysia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
at
|
||
<quantity id="D87164DCAA06FFACFB33FD67422E08C2" box="[1244,1302,646,670]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="80.0">80 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA06FFACFAC9FD6742B708C2" box="[1318,1423,646,670]" captionStart="FIGURE 14. A – B" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1965,1988]" captionTargetBox="[201,1406,229,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,193,1942]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 14. A – B. Distributions of species of Corethrella from Borneo." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210878/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 14A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Habitats are found in steep terrain in mature mixed dipterocarp forest (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA06FFACFBEDFD48437A089D" box="[1026,1090,681,705]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1857,1880]" captionTargetBox="[211,1379,193,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[211,1379,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitats from which Corethrella adults were collected with a frog-call trap in Brunei (species collected given in parentheses). A. 12 km S. Liang, Brunei (C. tigrina, C. lutea, C. calathicola, C. pauciseta, C. gilva) (authors, for scale). B. Nepenthes ampullaria, 12 km S. Liang, Brunei (C. calathicola). C. 12.5 km S. Liang, Brunei (same species as for A) (first author, for scale). D. 20 km N. Labi, Luagan Lalak Forestry Rec. Site, Brunei (C. lutea). E. Belalong River, Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre, Brunei (C. lutea, C. bipigmenta, C. mitra). F. Sungai Esu, Ulu Temburong NP, Brunei (C. tigrina, C. bipigmenta, C. mitra) (first author's wife Annette, for scale). G. Pa Umor, 5 km E. Bario (C. bicincta, C. unizona)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210865/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F). One female was collected with a frog-call trap broadcasting 4 kHz, the maximum frequency (Hz) attractive to any
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D889B2BAAA06FFACFB9CFD2C43CC08B9" box="[1139,1268,717,741]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA06FFACFB9CFD2C43CC08B9" box="[1139,1268,717,741]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Corethrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (Grafe
|
||
<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA06FFACFF78FD1147F0095B" box="[151,200,751,775]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. unpublished). The others were collected feeding on calling males of two species of frogs (Table 7).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1F36C939AA06FFACFF28FCF343FC09CF" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,1194]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION: We have placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D889B2BAAA06FFACFD14FCF244F60976" box="[763,974,786,810]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanoantennalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA06FFACFD14FCF244F60976" box="[763,974,786,810]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. nanoantennalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA06FFACFBC2FCF343C80976" box="[1069,1264,786,810]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">drakensbergensis</emphasis>
|
||
species group based on the presence of synapomorphies 21–23 and its plesiomorphic complete prescutal suture (character 28) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="87B2D5BCAA06FFACFF70FCB947CA092C" box="[159,242,856,880]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1568,1591]" captionTargetBox="[189,1400,240,1507]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[165,1422,193,1547]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 19. Phylogenetic relationships of Corethrella from Borneo to other species and showing their distributions. Numbers refer to character states given in Borkent (2008). Evidence for cladistic relationships given in Borkent (2008)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210883/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
). It could equally form an earlier lineage anywhere between the nodes defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7B18B4C8AA06FFACFB64FCB942A4092C" author="Borkent" box="[1163,1436,856,880]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Borkent, A. (2008) The Frog-Biting Midges of the World (Corethrellidae: Diptera). Zootaxa, 1804,1 - 456." type="book" year="2008">Borkent (2008: fig. 141)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
by "21–23" and "26, 28–30". Discovery of the male will help resolve its phylogenetic position.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1F36C939AA06FFACFF28FC7F45910E38" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,1194]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<typeStatus id="C032779BAA06FFACFF28FC7F461909EA" box="[199,289,926,950]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">TYPES</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="C032779BAA06FFACFEDDFC7F46A509EA" box="[306,413,926,950]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, female adult on microscope slide, labeled "
|
||
<typeStatus id="C032779BAA06FFACFC53FC7F436B09EA" box="[956,1107,926,950]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D889B2BAAA06FFACFB8FFC7F464A0985" authority="Borkent and Grafe" authorityName="Borkent and Grafe" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanoantennalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA06FFACFB8FFC7F42A309EA" box="[1120,1435,926,950]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Corethrella nanoantennalis</emphasis>
|
||
Borkent and Grafe
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
", "Sungai
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA06FFACFE03FC23451E0985" box="[492,550,962,985]" name="Malta" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mata</collectingCountry>
|
||
Ikan, Ulu Temburong National Park,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA06FFACFC32FC2043140985" box="[989,1068,961,985]" name="Brunei" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Brunei</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="6B37EFF9AA06FFACFBD5FC2043F40985" box="[1082,1228,961,985]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2008-07-10">10-VII-2008</date>
|
||
; on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D889B2BAAA06FFACFB10FC2347E309A0" authority="U. Grafe" authorityName="U. Grafe" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">M. nasuta, U. Grafe</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 11n1", "11n1
|
||
<date id="6B37EFF9AA06FFACFE6EFC0546E009A0" box="[385,472,996,1020]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="09-05-01">050109</date>
|
||
" (CNCI).
|
||
<typeStatus id="C032779BAA06FFACFDBBFC0445F909A1" box="[596,705,997,1021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
on microscope slides: 4 Ƥ, Lanjak Entimau,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA06FFACFB50FC05421A09A0" box="[1215,1314,996,1020]" name="Malaysia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA06FFACFAC1FC0542AF09A0" box="[1326,1431,996,1020]" name="Malaysia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7ABDAFFEAA06FFACFF78FBE647C20E43" box="[151,250,1031,1055]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="925" value="112.066666">112° 4'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7ABDAFFEAA06FFACFEE8FBE646590E43" box="[263,353,1031,1055]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="925" value="1.4666667">1° 28'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="D87164DCAA06FFACFE81FBE646930E43" box="[366,427,1031,1055]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="80.0">80 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="6B37EFF9AA06FFACFE57FBE645040E43" box="[440,572,1031,1055]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2008-06-24">24-VI-2008</date>
|
||
(CNCI); 1 Ƥ, from previous locality but
|
||
<date id="6B37EFF9AA06FFACFBF8FBE643A40E43" box="[1047,1180,1031,1055]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2008-06-18">18-VI-2008</date>
|
||
(UBD).
|
||
<typeStatus id="C032779BAA06FFACFAE5FBE9424F0E7C" box="[1290,1399,1032,1056]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
on pins: 11 Ƥ, Lanjak Entimau,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA06FFACFE09FBC845710E1D" box="[486,585,1065,1089]" name="Malaysia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="679E89A9AA06FFACFDB8FBC845F90E1D" box="[599,705,1065,1089]" name="Malaysia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7ABDAFFEAA06FFACFD21FBC8440A0E1D" box="[718,818,1065,1089]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="925" value="112.066666">112° 4'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7ABDAFFEAA06FFACFCAFFBC844A20E1D" box="[832,922,1065,1089]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="925" value="1.4666667">1° 28'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="D87164DCAA06FFACFC47FBC844DD0E1D" box="[936,997,1065,1089]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="80.0">80 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="6B37EFF9AA06FFACFC1CFBC8434F0E1D" box="[1011,1143,1065,1089]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2008-06-24">24-VI-2008</date>
|
||
(9, CNCI; 2 UBD); 1 Ƥ, from previous locality but
|
||
<date id="6B37EFF9AA06FFACFE2EFBAD457D0E38" box="[449,581,1100,1124]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2008-06-18">18-VI-2008</date>
|
||
(CNCI).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1F36C939AA06FFACFF28FB8E45F10EF6" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,1194]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
DERIVATION OF SPECIFIC EPITHET: The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D889B2BAAA06FFACFCC6FB9144EE0ED4" box="[809,982,1136,1160]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanoantennalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DFD152BAA06FFACFCC6FB9144EE0ED4" box="[809,982,1136,1160]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">nanoantennalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(small, antenna) refers to the relatively short flagellomeres 1–3 of females of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |