180 lines
20 KiB
XML
180 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="03A4CB97F856B3155165242F3AC56B4A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5360.4.5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10084656" ID-ZooBank="EA1BE6F9-88E2-4357-895E-8ED415206592" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1698932936510" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Boxshall, Geoffrey A. & Bernot, James P." docDate="2023" docId="03AFA377FFA0FFFCFF7A960EF3D6F84F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5360.4.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5360 (4)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5360.4.5/52133" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Caligus tenuis" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="562" masterDocId="FF96DB0FFFB1FFEDFFED9318F146FFDA" masterDocTitle="Resolving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems in the genus Caligus O. F. Müller, 1785 (Copepoda: Caligidae)" masterLastPageNumber="567" masterPageNumber="545" pageNumber="562" updateTime="1701687868325" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="4BEA9DFA0DE0A7D1C57A5F9012353754">Resolving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems in the genus Caligus O. F. Müller, 1785 (Copepoda: Caligidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7446276E7861EB69DFBCFCF5CEA0A73D">Boxshall, Geoffrey A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0D13B2580221F8FA6C7520CF7B297919">Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="83B41D19AB81DF46CE00D747C73F43AA">Bernot, James P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="835D75E28476E15846B3E4FADB7642C0">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, 20560, USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="C5FDB819872EEB6368F41287F28540C0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B74D11F84AC00C85192BC83324B8BFA3">2023</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C31C41EAFFA0FFFCFF7A960EF0A9FAEA" box="[151,495,1302,1329]" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB91261FFA0FFFCFF7A960EF0A9FAEA" blockId="17.[151,495,1302,1329]" box="[151,495,1302,1329]" pageId="17" pageNumber="562">
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<heading id="D0F1A50DFFA0FFFCFF7A960EF0A9FAEA" bold="true" box="[151,495,1302,1329]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0669E2FFA0FFFCFF7A960EF0A9FAEA" ID-CoL="PKKZ" authority="(Leidy, 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Leidy" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[151,495,1302,1329]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuis">
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<emphasis id="B972CE73FFA0FFFCFF7A960EF0A9FAEA" bold="true" box="[151,495,1302,1329]" pageId="17" pageNumber="562">
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<emphasis id="B972CE73FFA0FFFCFF7A960EF002FAEB" bold="true" box="[151,324,1302,1329]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="562">Caligus tenuis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF976F90FFA0FFFCFEB9960EF0A1FAEA" author="Leidy, J." box="[340,487,1302,1328]" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" refId="ref15060" refString="Leidy, J. (1889) A parasitic copepod. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1889, 95." type="book" year="1889">Leidy, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31C41EAFFA0FFFCFF7A9678F3D6F84F" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BB91261FFA0FFFCFF7A9678F22DFA3F" blockId="17.[151,1437,1374,1941]" pageId="17" pageNumber="562">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF976F90FFA0FFFCFF7A9678F02BFAA3" author="Ozak, A. A. & Yanar, A. & Boxshall, G. A." box="[151,365,1375,1403]" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" pagination="97 - 109" refId="ref15794" refString="Ozak, A. A., Yanar, A. & Boxshall, G. A. (2017) The discovery of Caligus macrurus Heller, 1865 (Copepoda: Caligidae) in the Mediterranean Sea, and the recognition of Sciaenophilus van Beneden, 1852 as a junior synonym of Caligus Muller, 1785. Systematic Parasitology, 94, 97 - 109. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11230 - 016 - 9682 - 4" type="journal article" year="2017">
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Özak
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<emphasis id="B972CE73FFA0FFFCFF309647F05EFAA3" box="[221,280,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="562">et al.</emphasis>
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(2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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concluded that the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C0669E2FFA0FFFCFD4F9647F56EFAA3" authority="van Beneden, 1852" authorityName="van Beneden" authorityYear="1852" box="[674,1064,1374,1401]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Sciaenophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B972CE73FFA0FFFCFD4F9647F279FAA3" box="[674,831,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="562">Sciaenophilus</emphasis>
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van Beneden, 1852
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</taxonomicName>
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was a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0669E2FFA0FFFCFAFF9647F42FFAA3" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1785" box="[1298,1385,1375,1401]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B972CE73FFA0FFFCFAFF9647F42FFAA3" box="[1298,1385,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="562">Caligus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and transferred all four of its species. The
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<typeStatus id="54BDACC3FFA0FFFCFDAF969BF334FA47" box="[578,626,1411,1437]" pageId="17" pageNumber="562">type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="4C0669E2FFA0FFFCFD3C969BF5D1FA47" authority="van Beneden, 1852" authorityName="van Beneden" authorityYear="1852" box="[721,1175,1410,1437]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Sciaenophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuis">
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<emphasis id="B972CE73FFA0FFFCFD3C969BF2FEFA46" box="[721,952,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="562">Sciaenophilus tenuis</emphasis>
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van Beneden, 1852
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</taxonomicName>
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became
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<taxonomicName id="4C0669E2FFA0FFFCFB16969BF0C2FA1B" authority="(van Beneden, 1852)" baseAuthorityName="van Beneden" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuis">
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<emphasis id="B972CE73FFA0FFFCFB16969BF4DAFA46" box="[1275,1436,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="562">Caligus tenuis</emphasis>
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(van Beneden, 1852)
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</taxonomicName>
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. This transfer created a secondary homonym since the name
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<taxonomicName id="4C0669E2FFA0FFFCFBC696BFF42CFA1B" authority="(Leidy, 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Leidy" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1067,1386,1447,1473]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuis">
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<emphasis id="B972CE73FFA0FFFCFBC696BFF58DFA1A" box="[1067,1227,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="562">Caligus tenuis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF976F90FFA0FFFCFB3796BFF424FA1B" author="Leidy, J." box="[1242,1378,1447,1473]" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" refId="ref15060" refString="Leidy, J. (1889) A parasitic copepod. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1889, 95." type="book" year="1889">Leidy, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
was used by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF976F90FFA0FFFCFF1896D3F0DEFA3F" author="Fowler, H. W." box="[245,408,1483,1509]" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" pagination="29 - 650" refId="ref14204" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1912) The Crustacea of New Jersey. Annual Report of the New Jersey State Museum, 1911 (Part II), 29 - 650, pls. 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1912">Fowler (1912)</bibRefCitation>
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. This homonymy has not been addressed.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BB91261FFA0FFFCFF2A96F7F410F967" blockId="17.[151,1437,1374,1941]" pageId="17" pageNumber="562">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF976F90FFA0FFFCFF2A96F7F01DF9D3" author="Leidy, J." box="[199,347,1519,1545]" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" refId="ref15060" refString="Leidy, J. (1889) A parasitic copepod. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1889, 95." type="book" year="1889">Leidy (1889)</bibRefCitation>
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originally established a new species of caligid as
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<taxonomicName id="4C0669E2FFA0FFFCFC6296F7F595F9D3" authority="Leidy, 1889" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1889" box="[911,1235,1519,1545]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Chalimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuis">
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<emphasis id="B972CE73FFA0FFFCFC6296F7F503F9D2" box="[911,1093,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="562">Chalimus tenuis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF976F90FFA0FFFCFBA096F7F595F9D3" author="Leidy, J." box="[1101,1235,1519,1545]" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" refId="ref15060" refString="Leidy, J. (1889) A parasitic copepod. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1889, 95." type="book" year="1889">Leidy, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on a single unidentifiable chalimus stage. By this date it was quite widely accepted that the chalimus was merely a developmental stage of caligids (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF976F90FFA0FFFCFE62952FF364F98B" author="Kroyer, H." box="[399,546,1591,1617]" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" pagination="605 - 628" refId="ref14940" refString="Kroyer, H. (1837) Om Snyltekrebsene, isaer med Hensyn til den danske Fauna. Naturhistoriske Tiddskrift, 1 (6), 605 - 628, pl. 6." type="journal article" year="1837">Krøyer, 1837</bibRefCitation>
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||
) and the generic name
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<taxonomicName id="4C0669E2FFA0FFFCFCCC952FF514F98B" authority="Burmeister, 1835" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1835" box="[801,1106,1590,1617]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Chalimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B972CE73FFA0FFFCFCCC952FF2CAF98B" box="[801,908,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="562">Chalimus</emphasis>
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Burmeister, 1835
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</taxonomicName>
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had largely fallen into disuse. However,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF976F90FFA0FFFCFEE69543F0EAF9AF" author="Fowler, H. W." box="[267,428,1627,1653]" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" pagination="29 - 650" refId="ref14204" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1912) The Crustacea of New Jersey. Annual Report of the New Jersey State Museum, 1911 (Part II), 29 - 650, pls. 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1912">Fowler (1912)</bibRefCitation>
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||
in his “
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<emphasis id="B972CE73FFA0FFFCFDE99543F25AF9AE" box="[516,796,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="562">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0669E2FFA0FFFCFDE99543F331F9AF" box="[516,631,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Crustacea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crustacea</taxonomicName>
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||
of
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<collectingRegion id="49C2DC83FFA0FFFCFD769543F25AF9AE" box="[667,796,1627,1652]" country="United States of America" name="New Jersey" pageId="17" pageNumber="562">New Jersey</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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” listed the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C0669E2FFA0FFFCFC089543F516F9AF" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1835" box="[997,1104,1627,1653]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Chalimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B972CE73FFA0FFFCFC089543F516F9AF" box="[997,1104,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="562">Chalimus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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as a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0669E2FFA0FFFCFAFB9543F42BF9AF" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1785" box="[1302,1389,1627,1653]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B972CE73FFA0FFFCFAFB9543F42BF9AF" box="[1302,1389,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="562">Caligus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and transferred Leidy’s species, thereby creating the new combination
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<taxonomicName id="4C0669E2FFA0FFFCFC759567F5A3F943" authority="(Leidy, 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Leidy" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[920,1253,1663,1689]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuis">
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||
<emphasis id="B972CE73FFA0FFFCFC759567F57BF942" box="[920,1085,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="562">Caligus tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF976F90FFA0FFFCFBA39567F59BF943" author="Leidy, J." box="[1102,1245,1663,1689]" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" refId="ref15060" refString="Leidy, J. (1889) A parasitic copepod. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1889, 95." type="book" year="1889">Leidy, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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. This taxon has incorrectly been attributed to
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF976F90FFA0FFFCFE0F95BBF3C5F967" author="Fowler, H. W." box="[482,643,1699,1725]" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" pagination="29 - 650" refId="ref14204" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1912) The Crustacea of New Jersey. Annual Report of the New Jersey State Museum, 1911 (Part II), 29 - 650, pls. 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1912">Fowler (1912)</bibRefCitation>
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||
although Fowler was responsible only for the new combination.
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB91261FFA0FFFCFF2A95DFF3D6F84F" blockId="17.[151,1437,1374,1941]" pageId="17" pageNumber="562">
|
||
The
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<typeStatus id="54BDACC3FFA0FFFCFF1695DFF06DF93B" box="[251,299,1735,1761]" pageId="17" pageNumber="562">type</typeStatus>
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||
specimen, an early chalimus stage found by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF976F90FFA0FFFCFCC195DFF284F93B" author="Leidy, J." box="[812,962,1735,1761]" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" refId="ref15060" refString="Leidy, J. (1889) A parasitic copepod. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1889, 95." type="book" year="1889">Leidy (1889)</bibRefCitation>
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||
, was obtained from the tail fin of a larval fish,
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<taxonomicName id="4C0669E2FFA0FFFCFF2395F3F0D1F8DF" box="[206,407,1771,1797]" family="Nettastomatidae" genus="Leptocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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||
<emphasis id="B972CE73FFA0FFFCFF2395F3F037F8DF" box="[206,369,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="562">Leptocephalus</emphasis>
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||
sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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The description available is minimal with a single dorsal habitus view showing no rudiments of lunules or any trace of ecdysial extension lobes, typical of many
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0669E2FFA0FFFCFC779417F514F8F3" box="[922,1106,1807,1833]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B972CE73FFA0FFFCFC779417F2B7F8F3" box="[922,1009,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="562">Caligus</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
We conclude that there is no robust evidence supporting the transfer of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0669E2FFA0FFFCFD92942BF270F896" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1889" box="[639,822,1843,1869]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Chalimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B972CE73FFA0FFFCFD92942BF270F896" box="[639,822,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="562">Chalimus tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0669E2FFA0FFFCFCB3942BF2F3F897" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1785" box="[862,949,1843,1869]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B972CE73FFA0FFFCFCB3942BF2F3F897" box="[862,949,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="562">Caligus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as it could equally well belong to another caligid genus. We therefore reject this transfer.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0669E2FFA0FFFCFD47944FF2AAF8AB" authority="Leidy, 1889" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1889" box="[682,1004,1879,1905]" class="Copepoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Chalimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B972CE73FFA0FFFCFD47944FF219F8AA" box="[682,863,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="562">Chalimus tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF976F90FFA0FFFCFC8B944FF2AAF8AB" author="Leidy, J." box="[870,1004,1879,1905]" pageId="17" pageNumber="562" refId="ref15060" refString="Leidy, J. (1889) A parasitic copepod. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1889, 95." type="book" year="1889">Leidy, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains a
|
||
<emphasis id="B972CE73FFA0FFFCFB8A944FF40BF8AB" box="[1127,1357,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="562">species inquirendum</emphasis>
|
||
within a genus which is no longer regarded as valid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |