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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.162.55891" ID-GBIF-Dataset="495e5a24-1254-4683-ba34-5ff3b74b8330" ID-PMC="PMC7560508" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-162-71" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D674B6F56A815C95A65F339CFFC5F3B8" ID-PubMed="33117071" ModsDocID="1314-2003-162-71" checkinTime="1602130070194" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sanchez-Taborda, Jhon A., Zuluaga, Alejandro &amp; Clavijo, Laura" docDate="2020" docId="A49C9D36016E51208A00E7D0744C578B" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 162: 71-80" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 162" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.162.55891" docTitle="Besleria santaclarensis Clavijo &amp; Sanchez-Taborda 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="D674B6F56A815C95A65F339CFFC5F3B8" lastPageNumber="71" masterDocId="D674B6F56A815C95A65F339CFFC5F3B8" masterDocTitle="A new species of Besleria (Gesneriaceae) from the Serrania El Pinche (Cauca), southwestern Colombia" masterLastPageNumber="80" masterPageNumber="71" pageNumber="71" updateTime="1668140078550" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A new species of Besleria (Gesneriaceae) from the Serrania El Pinche (Cauca), southwestern Colombia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sanchez-Taborda, Jhon A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Fundacion Ecohabitats, Popayan, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zuluaga, Alejandro</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia &amp; Grupo de Investigacion Ecologia y Diversidad Vegetal, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Clavijo, Laura</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Grupo de Investigacion Ecologia y Diversidad Vegetal, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia &amp; Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Apartado 7495, Bogota, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3009-9158</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">lvclavijor@unal.edu.co</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>162</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>71</mods:start>
<mods:end>80</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.162.55891</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.162.55891</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-162-71</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">D674B6F56A815C95A65F339CFFC5F3B8</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168243631" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A49C9D36016E51208A00E7D0744C578B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A49C9D36016E51208A00E7D0744C578B" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName LSID="A49C9D36-016E-5120-8A00-E7D0744C578B" authority="Clavijo &amp; Sánchez-Taborda" authorityName="Clavijo &amp; Sanchez-Taborda" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Besleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Besleria santaclarensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santaclarensis" status="sp. nov.">
Besleria santaclarensis Clavijo &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez-Taborda">Sanchez-Taborda</normalizedToken>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="71">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Drawing of Besleria santaclarensis Clavijo &amp; Sanchez-Taborda, sp. nov. A habit B leaf detail, adaxial view C calix, lateral view D flower, frontal view E corolla, lateral view F interior view of corolla showing stamens and staminode G gynoecium with anular nectary gland H fruit, lateral view. Illustration by Adriana Sanin, based on the holotype Sanchez-Taborda et al. 2552." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.162.55891.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/460492" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Besleria santaclarensis Clavijo &amp; Sanchez-Taborda, sp. nov. A branch showing leaf and inflorescence B inflorescence showing flower in lateral view C inflorescence showing an immature fruit D frontal view of the corolla. (Photographs by Jhon A. Sanchez-Taborda from the paratype)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.162.55891.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/460493" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">, 2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
Colombia, Cauca: Municipio Argelia, corregimiento Santa Clara, vereda Santa Clara, Reserva Forestal Protectora Regional
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Serranía">&quot;Serrania</normalizedToken>
El Pinche&quot;, flanco oriental de la
<normalizedToken originalValue="Serranía">Serrania</normalizedToken>
que se desprende de la vertiente
<normalizedToken originalValue="pacífica">pacifica</normalizedToken>
de la Cordillera Occidental, camino por el borde de la quebrada La Planada,
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="23.938" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.3989668">2°23.938'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="18.863" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-77.314384">77°18.863'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1620 m. 25 Sep 2017 (fl),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
Jhon Alexander
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez-Taborda">Sanchez-Taborda</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Álex">Alex</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cortés">Cortes</normalizedToken>
, Andrea Borrero, Fernando Joaqui,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Andrés">Andres</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
, Erminson Buitrago, Julian Uetochambo
</emphasis>
2552 (holotype: COL!; isotype: CUVC!).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.162.55891.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/460492" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Drawing of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Clavijo &amp; Sanchez-Taborda" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Besleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Besleria santaclarensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santaclarensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Besleria santaclarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Clavijo &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez-Taborda">Sanchez-Taborda</normalizedToken>
, sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">A</emphasis>
habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">B</emphasis>
leaf detail, adaxial view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">C</emphasis>
calix, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">D</emphasis>
flower, frontal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">E</emphasis>
corolla, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">F</emphasis>
interior view of corolla showing stamens and staminode
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">G</emphasis>
gynoecium with anular nectary gland
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">H</emphasis>
fruit, lateral view. Illustration by Adriana
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sanín">Sanin</normalizedToken>
, based on the holotype
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez-Taborda">Sanchez-Taborda</normalizedToken>
et al. 2552
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Clavijo &amp; Sanchez-Taborda" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Besleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Besleria santaclarensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santaclarensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Besleria santaclarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished by epedunculate inflorescences, usually in the leafless axils near the base of the stem, with up to 8 glabrous orange flowers, and magenta glabrous calyx that covers 2/3 of the corolla.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.162.55891.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/460493" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Clavijo &amp; Sanchez-Taborda" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Besleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Besleria santaclarensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santaclarensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Besleria santaclarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Clavijo &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez-Taborda">Sanchez-Taborda</normalizedToken>
, sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">A</emphasis>
branch showing leaf and inflorescence
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">B</emphasis>
inflorescence showing flower in lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">C</emphasis>
inflorescence showing an immature fruit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">D</emphasis>
frontal view of the corolla. (Photographs by Jhon A.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez-Taborda">Sanchez-Taborda</normalizedToken>
from the paratype).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
Terrestrial subshrub, 1-1.5 m tall. Stem erect, sometimes scandent, branched, terete in cross section, 1.9-4 mm diam., subwoody, green, surface smooth to longitudinally striated, strigose toward the apex, trichomes &lt;1 mm long, unbranched, white; internodes 1.7-5.8 cm long. Leaves opposite, equal in a pair, sometimes subequal, older leaves usually caducous; petiole 1.6-4.9 cm long, slightly winged in cross-section, glabrate in basal leaves, strigose in apical leaves, trichomes &lt;1 mm long, white; blades elliptic, coriaceous, papyraceous when dry, 6.4-17.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.8-6.8 cm, green and glossy adaxially, olive green abaxially, apex acuminate, base cuneate, sometimes oblique, margin entire, glabrate on both surfaces, 7-10 pairs of secondary veins, obscure adaxially and raised abaxially with scarce and whitish indument, higher order of venation only evident abaxially. Inflorescence a pair-flowered cyme, axillar, usually in the leafless axils near the base of the stem, up to 8 flowers per inflorescence; peduncle and bracts absent. Pedicel oblique to perpendicular relative to the stem, 8.6-17.1 mm long, maroon, glabrous. Calyx magenta, membranous, persistent in fruit, venation evident, reticulated; calyx lobes 5, 4 nearly equal, free, apex acute, base truncate to cordate, margin entire, glabrous on both surfaces, ventral and lateral lobes 9-13
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6.2-10.6 mm, ovate, dorsal lobe 10.1-11.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4.3-5.3 mm, oblong; Corolla zygomorphic, protandrous, slightly gibbous, thick, 14.4-15.4 mm long, orange, glabrous; corolla tube slightly constricted above the base and then slightly ventricose ventrally, oblique relative to calyx, 12.3-13.5 mm long, 5.7-6.2 mm at its widest part, constriction above the base 3.7-4 mm diam., base 5.4-6.8 mm wide; throat 2.3-2.8 mm diam., inner surface with glandular trichomes; corolla lobes 5, subequal, orange, spreading, ovate, apex rounded, margin entire, glabrous on both surfaces, ventral lobe 1.4-2.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.4-3.1 mm, lateral lobes 2.5-3.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.4-3.9 mm, dorsal lobes 0.8-1.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.8-2.3 mm. Androecium of 4 stamens, didynamous, included; filaments 7.1-10.1 mm long, adnate to the corolla tube for 1.9-2.6 mm, forming a sheath, glabrous, coiling after anthesis, staminode 4.9-5.2 mm long; anthers reniform, 1.2-1.4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.1-1.7 mm, coherent by the apex and lateral walls, dehiscence by longitudinal slits. Gynoecium with an annular nectary gland, 0.5-0.7 mm tall, glabrous; ovary superior, 3-3.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5-2.7 mm wide, rounded, glabrous; style included, 6.4-6.8 mm long, glabrous; stigma bilobed. Fruit a berry olive green; seeds numerous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">[Measurements from flowers during the mature gynoecium phase.]</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Clavijo &amp; Sanchez-Taborda" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Besleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Besleria santaclarensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santaclarensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Besleria santaclarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to Colombia and known only from the type locality in the municipality of Argelia (Cauca) in the Regional Protective Forest Reserve
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Serranía">&quot;Serrania</normalizedToken>
El Pinche&quot; and surrounding areas (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Distribution map of Besleria santaclarensis and Besleria membranacea." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.162.55891.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/460494" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">3</figureCitation>
). This species grows in the lower montane rainforest (
<bibRefCitation author="Holdridge, LR" journalOrPublisher="San Jose, Costa Rica, Tropical Science Center" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" refId="B10" refString="Holdridge, LR, 1967. Life Zone Ecology. San Jose, Costa Rica, Tropical Science Center" title="Life Zone Ecology." year="1967">Holdridge 1967</bibRefCitation>
) between 1300 and 1600 m above sea level, on the Pacific slope of the Cordillera Occidental of the Andes. It is frequent in open areas and in forest clearings, usually near to crops, pastures and remnants of secondary and riparian forests, whose canopies reach up to 35 m and 25 m, respectively. These forests have typical Andean floristic elements, represented by the genera
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Actinidiaceae" genus="Saurauia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Saurauia" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Saurauia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Willd (
<taxonomicName family="Actinidaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="family">Actinidaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Schefflera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schefflera" order="Apiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Schefflera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
J.R. Forst. and G. Forst. (
<taxonomicName family="Araliaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="family">Araliaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Axinaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Axinaea" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Axinaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ruiz and Pav. (
<taxonomicName family="Melastomataceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="family">Melastomataceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName authorityName="Klotzsch" authorityYear="1846" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Ladenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ladenbergia" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Ladenbergia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Klotzsch (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Klotzsch" authorityYear="1846" family="Rubiaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Wettinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Wettinia" order="Arecales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Wettinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Poepp,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Socratea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Socratea" order="Arecales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Socratea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
H. Karst and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" authorityYear="1794" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Iriartea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Iriartea" order="Arecales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Iriartea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ruiz and Pav. (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" authorityYear="1794" family="Arecaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Cyatheaceae" genus="Cyathea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cyathea" order="Cyatheales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Cyathea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sm and
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Cyatheaceae" genus="Alsophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alsophila" order="Cyatheales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Alsophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R. Br. (
<taxonomicName family="Cyatheaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="family">Cyatheaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.162.55891.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/460494" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Distribution map of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Clavijo &amp; Sanchez-Taborda" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Besleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Besleria santaclarensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santaclarensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Besleria santaclarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Besleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Besleria membranacea" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="membranacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Besleria membranacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Clavijo &amp; Sanchez-Taborda" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Besleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Besleria santaclarensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santaclarensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Besleria santaclarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been found in flower in February and September and in fruit in February.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Clavijo &amp; Sanchez-Taborda" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Besleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Besleria santaclarensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santaclarensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Besleria santaclarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is named after the type locality, the Santa Clara village, in the municipality of Argelia, Cauca. The territory currently known as Argelia and areas surrounding El Pinche mountain range were initially inhabited by the
<taxonomicName genus="Guapios" lsidName="Guapios" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Guapios</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
indigenous people, until the arrival of the colonists who named it the Agua Clara path, due to the streams of crystalline waters present in the area. Afterwards, during evangelization, a Franciscan priest changed the name to Santa Clara because of the fertility of the land, which he called holy (Alveiro
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bolaños">Bolanos</normalizedToken>
, personal communication).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Clavijo &amp; Sanchez-Taborda" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Besleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Besleria santaclarensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="santaclarensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Besleria santaclarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from the Regional Protective Forest Reserve
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Serranía">&quot;Serrania</normalizedToken>
El Pinche&quot; and surrounding areas. Although the Reserve is a protected area, deforestation and soil degradation caused by agriculture and livestock systems, as well as the presence of illicit crops in the surrounding areas, may have a significant impact on the integrity of this narrow endemic species.
<taxonomicName lsidName="B. santaclarensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="santaclarensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">B. santaclarensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is present in mature forests, but it is also frequent in open areas in remnants of secondary and riparian forests, suggesting it is resilient and capable of thriving in disturbed areas. A preliminary designation of Endangered (EN) category is provided, according to the criterium B2ab (
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="San Jose, Costa Rica, Tropical Science Center" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" refId="B11" refString="IUCN, 2012. IUCN Red List categories and criteria: Version 3.1, ed. 2. IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK." title="IUCN Red List categories and criteria: Version 3.1, ed. 2. IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK." year="2012">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="San Jose, Costa Rica, Tropical Science Center" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" publicationUrl="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" refId="B12" refString="IUCN, 2017. Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. Version 13. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" title="Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. Version 13. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee." url="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
), based on the small population of the species, with an estimated area of occupancy of less than 20 km2, and the continued habitat loss, due to the high concentration of illicit crops in the area (
<bibRefCitation author="UNODC" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" publicationUrl="https://www.unodc.org/documents/colombia/2019/Agosto/Informe_de_Monitoreo_de_Territorios_Afectador_por_Cultivos_Ilicitos_en_Colombia_2018_.pdf" refId="B27" refString="UNODC, 2019. Monitoreo de territorios afectados por cultivos ilicitos 2018. Oficina de las Naciones Unidas contra la Droga y el Delito, Gobierno de Colombia, 1-116. https://www.unodc.org/documents/colombia/2019/Agosto/Informe_de_Monitoreo_de_Territorios_Afectador_por_Cultivos_Ilicitos_en_Colombia_2018_.pdf" title="Monitoreo de territorios afectados por cultivos ilicitos 2018. Oficina de las Naciones Unidas contra la Droga y el Delito, Gobierno de Colombia, 1 - 116." url="https://www.unodc.org/documents/colombia/2019/Agosto/Informe_de_Monitoreo_de_Territorios_Afectador_por_Cultivos_Ilicitos_en_Colombia_2018_.pdf" year="2019">UNODC 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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