treatments-xml/data/13/37/C7/1337C76EC56EA541BAC246A9D36D314A.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.27.2832" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182248687" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-27-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7967FF9A916BFF9FFF881B7FFF97184B" ID-Zenodo-Dep="574783" ID-ZooBank="E27D322A8D0140F0A247D1B44D8F5E30" ModsDocID="1314-2607-27-1" checkinTime="1621552623785" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sharkey, Michael J. &amp; Stoelb, Stephanie A. C." docDate="2012" docId="1337C76EC56EA541BAC246A9D36D314A" docLanguage="en" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 27" docPubDate="2012-05-31" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.27.2832" docTitle="Therophilus Wesmael 1837" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="7967FF9A916BFF9FFF881B7FFF97184B" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="7967FF9A916BFF9FFF881B7FFF97184B" masterDocTitle="Revision of Therophilus s. s. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Agathidinae) from Thailand" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1643545835632" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Revision of Therophilus s. s. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Agathidinae) from Thailand</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sharkey, Michael J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, S 225 Agricultural Science Center North, Lexington, KY 40546 - 0091, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Stoelb, Stephanie A. C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, S 225 Agricultural Science Center North, Lexington, KY 40546 - 0091, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2012-05-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number>27</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>36</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.27.2832</mods:url>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182248687" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1337C76EC56EA541BAC246A9D36D314A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1337C76EC56EA541BAC246A9D36D314A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Therophilus" authority="Wesmael, 1837" authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Therophilus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Therophilus Wesmael, 1837</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Microdus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspicuous" subGenus="Therophilus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Microdus (Therophilus) conspicuous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[Lectotype ♀ IRSNB, examined]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
There is neither one character nor a specific combination of characters that distinguishes members of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Therophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from all other agathidines. It is easily separated from members of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharkey" authorityYear="1992" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="tribe" tribe="Cremnoptini">Cremnoptini</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharkey" authorityYear="1992" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="tribe" tribe="Disophrini">Disophrini</taxonomicName>
by the shape of the tarsal claws, i.e., simple with a basal lobe in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Therophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, versus cleft claws in members of the two aforementioned tribes. Most members of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Therophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have the following combination of diagnostic characters: Apical abscissa of R of fore wing weak at midlength and bent towards apex of wing; interantennal space with two (usually weak and short) longitudinal ridges or with a median keel; postscutellar depression present; cubitus of hind wing strong and tubular, at least basally; subbasal cell of hind wing angled apically at the point from which the cubitus emanates; sclerite between hind coxal cavities and metasomal foramen incomplete or narrow. A combination of characters that distinguishes almost all species of Oriental 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Therophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is: Interantennal space with longitudinal groove (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Therophilus anuchati sp. n. a lateral habitus b Wings c dorsolateral head d anterodorsal head e lateral mesosoma f dorsal head and mesosoma g dorsal propodeum h dorsal metasoma." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11478" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 3c</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Therophilus boonthami sp. n. a lateral habitus b Wings c anterodorsal head d dorsal head e lateral head and mesosoma f dorsal habitus." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11494" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">6c</figureCitation>
), sometimes weak (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Therophilus cattienensis van Achterberg and Long a lateral habitus b Wings c anterodorsal head d lateral mesosoma e dorsal mesosoma f dorsal propodeum g MT 1 - MT 4." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11496" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 8c</figureCitation>
); posteroscutellar depression present (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Therophilus cattienensis van Achterberg and Long a lateral habitus b Wings c anterodorsal head d lateral mesosoma e dorsal mesosoma f dorsal propodeum g MT 1 - MT 4." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11496" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 8f</figureCitation>
); notauli sculptured with pits (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Therophilus anuchati sp. n. a lateral habitus b Wings c dorsolateral head d anterodorsal head e lateral mesosoma f dorsal head and mesosoma g dorsal propodeum h dorsal metasoma." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11478" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3f</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Head.</emphasis>
Lateral carina on frons absent (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Therophilus anuchati sp. n. a lateral habitus b Wings c dorsolateral head d anterodorsal head e lateral mesosoma f dorsal head and mesosoma g dorsal propodeum h dorsal metasoma." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11478" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3c</figureCitation>
); interantennal space with longitudinal groove (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Therophilus anuchati sp. n. a lateral habitus b Wings c dorsolateral head d anterodorsal head e lateral mesosoma f dorsal head and mesosoma g dorsal propodeum h dorsal metasoma." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11478" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3c</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Therophilus boonthami sp. n. a lateral habitus b Wings c anterodorsal head d dorsal head e lateral head and mesosoma f dorsal habitus." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11494" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">6c</figureCitation>
); gena not extended ventroposteriorly into sharp prominence (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Therophilus areeluckae sp. n. a lateral habitus b Wings c anterodorsal head d dorsal head e lateral head and mesosoma f dorsal head and mesosoma g dorsal propodeum and Metasoma." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11493" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 5e</figureCitation>
); gena lacking sharp angle posteriad eye; labial palpus with three or four segments, third segment much reduced or absent; apical antennomere acute but lacking nipple-like process.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
Propleuron lacking a projection at mid height; notauli impressed and pitted, at least in part (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Therophilus anuchati sp. n. a lateral habitus b Wings c dorsolateral head d anterodorsal head e lateral mesosoma f dorsal head and mesosoma g dorsal propodeum h dorsal metasoma." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11478" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3f</figureCitation>
); posteroscutellar depression present (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Therophilus cattienensis van Achterberg and Long a lateral habitus b Wings c anterodorsal head d lateral mesosoma e dorsal mesosoma f dorsal propodeum g MT 1 - MT 4." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11496" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 8f</figureCitation>
) (rarely absent); propodeum from rugose to areolate-rugose (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7. " captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Therophilus chiangmaiensis sp. n. a lateral habitus b Wings c anterodorsal head d dorsal head e lateral head and mesosoma f dorsal head and mesosoma g dorsal propodeum h dorsal Metasoma." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11495" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 7g</figureCitation>
); sclerite between hind coxal cavities and metasomal foramen narrow, sometimes incomplete.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Legs.</emphasis>
Fore tibia lacking pegs, fore tarsal claws with basal lobe; mid tibia with apical and medial pegs; hind tibia with apical pegs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Wings</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Therophilus anuchati sp. n. a lateral habitus b Wings c dorsolateral head d anterodorsal head e lateral mesosoma f dorsal head and mesosoma g dorsal propodeum h dorsal metasoma." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11478" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 3b</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Therophilus apichati sp. n. a lateral habitus b Wings c lateral head and mesosoma d dorsolateral head e dorsal head, mesosoma and propodeum f dorsal Metasoma." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11492" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4b</figureCitation>
). Fore wing RS + M vein incomplete; second submarginal cell triangular; fore wing 3RSb decurved, weak at midlength; hind wing r and r-m crossveins absent; hind wing CUb present and strong, tubular at least basally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Metasoma.</emphasis>
MT1 with longitudinal striations, lacking dominant pair of longitudinal carinae (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Therophilus apichati sp. n. a lateral habitus b Wings c lateral head and mesosoma d dorsolateral head e dorsal head, mesosoma and propodeum f dorsal Metasoma." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11492" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4f</figureCitation>
); MT2 from smooth to striate, usually with some longitudinal striae and weak transverse striae in first transverse depression; MT3 smooth (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Therophilus apichati sp. n. a lateral habitus b Wings c lateral head and mesosoma d dorsolateral head e dorsal head, mesosoma and propodeum f dorsal Metasoma." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11492" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4f</figureCitation>
); ovipositor as long as or longer than metasoma (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Therophilus apichati sp. n. a lateral habitus b Wings c lateral head and mesosoma d dorsolateral head e dorsal head, mesosoma and propodeum f dorsal Metasoma." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11492" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11478" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">Figure</pageBreakToken>
3.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharkey" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anuchati">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus anuchati</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. n. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">a</emphasis>
lateral habitus 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">b</emphasis>
Wings 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">c</emphasis>
dorsolateral head 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">d</emphasis>
anterodorsal head 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">e</emphasis>
lateral mesosoma 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">f</emphasis>
dorsal head and mesosoma 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">g</emphasis>
dorsal propodeum 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">h</emphasis>
dorsal metasoma.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="species diversity">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Species diversity.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Including the twelve described here, there are 44 described species known to the senior author. The following 13 species were included in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at the time of this publication: 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antipoda">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus antipoda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ashmead, 1900, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reinhard" authorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus arcuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Reinhard, 1867, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="van Achterberg &amp; Long" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cattienensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus cattienensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
van Achterberg &amp; Long, 2010, 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Nees" baseAuthorityYear="1812" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cingulipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus cingulipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Nees, 1812, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ratzeburg" authorityYear="1844" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clausthalianus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus clausthalianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ratzeburg, 1844, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspicuus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus conspicuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Wesmael, 1837, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="van Achterberg &amp; Long" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crenulisulcatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus crenulisulcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
van Achterberg &amp; Long, 2010, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levisoma">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus levisoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
van Achterberg &amp; Long, 2010, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="van Achterberg &amp; Long" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planifrons">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus planifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
van Achterberg &amp; Long, 2010, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugosiferus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus rugosiferus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
van Achterberg &amp; Long,2010, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bhat &amp; Gupta, 1977), 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stephensae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus stephensae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Stevens, 2011, 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Nees von Esenbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1812" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumidulus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus tumidulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Nees, 1812).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
The remainder are here transferred to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharkey" authorityYear="1985" class="Hexapoda" family="Braconidae" genus="Bassus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arthurellus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bassus arthurellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Sharkey, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1497 - 1502" publicationUrl="10.4039/Ent1171497-12" refId="B20" refString="Sharkey, MJ, 1985. Notes on the genera Bassus Fabricius and Agathis Latreille, with a description of Bassus arthurellus sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). . Canadian Entomologist. 117: 1497 - 1502, 10.4039/Ent1171497-12" title="Notes on the genera Bassus Fabricius and Agathis Latreille, with a description of Bassus arthurellus sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." url="10.4039/Ent1171497-12" volume="117" year="1985">Sharkey 1985</bibRefCitation>
= 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arthurellus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus arthurellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. n., 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharkey" authorityYear="1998" class="Hexapoda" family="Braconidae" genus="Bassus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belokobylskiji">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bassus belokobylskiji</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sharkey, 1998 = 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belokobylskiji">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus belokobylskiji</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. n., 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Braconidae" genus="Agathis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruesi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Agathis bruesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Shenefelt, 1970 = 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruesi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus bruesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. n., 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bhat &amp; Gupta" authorityYear="1977" class="Hexapoda" family="Braconidae" genus="Agathis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvabilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Agathis curvabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bhat &amp; Gupta, 1977 = 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvabilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus curvabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. n., 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nixon" authorityYear="1950" class="Hexapoda" family="Braconidae" genus="Agathis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cymocles">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Agathis cymocles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Nixon, 1950 = 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cymocles">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus cymocles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. n., 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bhat &amp; Gupta" authorityYear="1977" class="Hexapoda" family="Braconidae" genus="Agathis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Agathis flava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bhat &amp; Gupta, 1977 = 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">flavus</emphasis>
comb. n., 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simbolotti &amp; van Achterberg" authorityYear="1992" class="Hexapoda" family="Braconidae" genus="Bassus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graecus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bassus graecus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Simbolotti &amp; van Achterberg, 1992 = 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">graecus</emphasis>
comb. n., 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bhat &amp; Gupta" authorityYear="1977" class="Hexapoda" family="Braconidae" genus="Agathis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalinis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Agathis hyalinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bhat &amp; Gupta, 1977 = 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyalinis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus hyalinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. n., 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Microdus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infumatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Microdus infumatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Granger, 1949= 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">infumatus</emphasis>
comb. n., 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Microdus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Microdus insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ashmead = 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. n., 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chou &amp; Sharkey" authorityYear="1989" class="Hexapoda" family="Braconidae" genus="Bassus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanyuensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bassus lanyuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Chou &amp; Sharkey, 1989 = 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanyuensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus lanyuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. n., 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reinhard" authorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Microdus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nugax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Microdus nugax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Reinhart, 1867 = 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Reinhard" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nugax">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus nugax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. n., 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Microdus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillimus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Microdus simillimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cresson, 1873 = 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillimus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus simillimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. n., 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Microdus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tautirae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Microdus tautirae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cheeseman, 1928 = 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">tautirae</emphasis>
comb. n., 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomson" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Hexapoda" family="Braconidae" genus="Bassus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tegularis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bassus tegularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Thompson, 1895 = 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">tegularis</emphasis>
comb. n., 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sharkey" authorityYear="1998" class="Hexapoda" family="Braconidae" genus="Bassus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tobiasi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bassus tobiasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sharkey, 1998 = 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">tobiasi</emphasis>
comb. n., 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Braconidae" genus="Agathis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triangularis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Agathis triangularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
= 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">triangularis</emphasis>
comb. n., 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chou &amp; Sharkey" authorityYear="1989" class="Hexapoda" family="Braconidae" genus="Bassus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triangulus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bassus triangulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Chou &amp; Sharkey, 1989 = 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triangulus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus triangulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. n., 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Microdus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="postfurcalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Microdus postfurcalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
, 1914= 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="postfurcalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus postfurcalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. n., 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Microdus zaykovi</emphasis>
Nixon = 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zaykovi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus zaykovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. n.There are many species of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Agathidinae">Agathidinae</taxonomicName>
currently placed in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Braconidae" genus="Bassus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bassus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fabricius which belong to other genera, and many more that are yet to be described.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="biology">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
According to 
<bibRefCitation author="Nixon, GEJ" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology series" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="183 - 242" refId="B15" refString="Nixon, GEJ, 1986. A revision of the European Agathidinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology series 52 (3): 183 - 242" title="A revision of the European Agathidinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="52" year="1986">Nixon (1986)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspicuus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus conspicuus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
attacks larval 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tortricidae</taxonomicName>
. Janzen has reared three species of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Therophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Therophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">s.s.</emphasis>
in Costa Rica; they are parasitoids of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tortricidae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Elachistidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Elachistidae</taxonomicName>
. See parasitoid DHJPAR voucher numbers 0039084, 0038338, and 0040068 in the &quot;caterpillars of Guanacaste&quot; database at http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu/caterpillars/database.lasso
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Worldwide, with more diversity in subtropical and tropical areas.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>