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<document id="2B2483476E6975D981E4379EC13DE1E9" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.208624" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5614569f-41f5-49cd-b66a-bbe1d807e923" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="208624" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460518711016" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Perreau, Michel" docDate="2012" docId="F32787BE0220A004FF055A0CFC96FA06" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03455p088.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3455" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Tafforeus cainosternus Perreau, 2012, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="86" masterDocId="0F1EFFC60223A001FF925C1EFFBFFFC0" masterDocTitle="Description of a new genus and two new species of Leiodidae (Coleoptera) from Baltic amber using phase contrast synchrotron X-ray microtomography" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="81" pageNumber="84" updateTime="1698314275572" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="7C5F011CD80900E134A3F8DEB3024FF7">Description of a new genus and two new species of Leiodidae (Coleoptera) from Baltic amber using phase contrast synchrotron X-ray microtomography</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="27B479B005DED92B005AD9EA88C3BC69">2012</mods:date>
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<treatment id="F32787BE0220A004FF055A0CFC96FA06" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6174249" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119524762" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6174249" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F32787BE0220A004FF055A0CFC96FA06" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F32787BE0220A004FF055A0CFC96FA06" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
<subSubSection id="339465230220A002FF055A0CFE49F9EC" box="[151,502,1554,1580]" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7B3136A80220A002FF055A0CFE49F9EC" blockId="3.[151,502,1554,1580]" box="[151,502,1554,1580]" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
<heading id="207981C40220A002FF055A0CFE49F9EC" bold="true" box="[151,502,1554,1580]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" reason="1">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0220A002FF055A0CFE49F9EC" bold="true" box="[151,502,1554,1580]" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0220A002FF055A0CFE12F9EC" ID-CoL="54JM2" box="[151,429,1554,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Tafforeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cainosternus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0220A002FF055A0CFE12F9EC" bold="true" box="[151,429,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Tafforeus cainosternus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="52C957C10220A002FE265A0CFE49F9EC" box="[436,502,1554,1580]" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="339465230220A002FF055A44FC7CF919" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7B3136A80220A002FF055A44FC7CF919" blockId="3.[151,1436,1625,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0220A002FF055A44FE79F9B2" bold="true" box="[151,454,1625,1650]" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
<typeStatus id="A435880A0220A002FF055A44FF6DF9B2" box="[151,210,1626,1650]" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Type</typeStatus>
material.
<typeStatus id="A435880A0220A002FEC25A44FE7EF9B2" box="[336,449,1626,1650]" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
3,
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0220A002FE645A47FDD9F9B2" bold="true" box="[502,614,1625,1650]" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
<collectingCountry id="039976380220A002FE645A47FDDEF9B2" box="[502,609,1625,1650]" name="Russia" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">RUSSIA</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
amber deposit of Jantarnij, near Kaliningrad (collection of M. Perreau, Paris, n°MP005).
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0220A002FEF75A62FE59F954" bold="true" box="[357,486,1660,1684]" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
<typeStatus id="A435880A0220A002FEF75A62FE5EF954" box="[357,481,1660,1684]" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Ƥ, same data and same depository as
<typeStatus id="A435880A0220A002FC3B5A62FBB4F954" box="[937,1035,1660,1684]" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(not scanned by PPC-SRμCT); 3, amber deposit of Jantarnij, near Kaliningrad n°56/2003 ex Friedrich Kernegger collection, will be deposited in Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, Kiev (not scanned by PPC-SRμCT).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="339465230220A004FF555AFDFC6CFF6F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" type="description">
<paragraph id="7B3136A80220A002FF555AFDFAC2F93C" blockId="3.[151,1436,1625,2030]" box="[199,1405,1763,1789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0220A002FF555AFDFEE6F93C" bold="true" box="[199,345,1763,1788]" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Description.</emphasis>
Male (
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0220A002FE3B5AFAFDA9F93C" bold="true" box="[425,534,1764,1788]" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
<typeStatus id="A435880A0220A002FE3B5AFAFDA9F93C" box="[425,534,1764,1788]" pageId="3" pageNumber="84" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
). Most of the characters are given in the description of the genus, in addition:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B3136A80220A002FF555B18FE0AF8DE" blockId="3.[151,1436,1625,2030]" box="[199,437,1798,1822]" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Body length 2.3 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B3136A80220A002FF555B34FF50F8A4" blockId="3.[151,1436,1625,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Pronotum 1.9 times wider than long, widest close to base. Elytra 1.1 times longer than wide, sides regularly arcuate.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B3136A80220A002FF555B70FBD6F869" blockId="3.[151,1436,1625,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
Male protarsus 0.8 times as wide as apex of protibia (
<figureCitation id="E3B52A2D0220A002FCB05B70FCC9F846" box="[802,886,1902,1926]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 17" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1880,1903]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 17. External and internal morphology of Tafforeus cainosternus sp. n. (holotype) by PPC-SRμCT. 8, habitus dorsal view. 9, habitus lateral view. 10, prosternum and procoxal cavities from behind (pp = triangular prosternal process). 11, antenna. 12, protarsus, dorsal view. 13, mesotarsus, dorsal view. 14, posterior leg (th = ventral tooth). 15, mesoventral carina (msc) and mesocoxal cavity (mcx), lateral view. 16, aedeagus, lateral view. 17, aedeagus, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208626/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). Male mesotarsus 0.75 times as wide as apex of mesotibia (
<figureCitation id="E3B52A2D0220A002FE815B8FFED9F869" box="[275,358,1937,1961]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 17" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1880,1903]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 17. External and internal morphology of Tafforeus cainosternus sp. n. (holotype) by PPC-SRμCT. 8, habitus dorsal view. 9, habitus lateral view. 10, prosternum and procoxal cavities from behind (pp = triangular prosternal process). 11, antenna. 12, protarsus, dorsal view. 13, mesotarsus, dorsal view. 14, posterior leg (th = ventral tooth). 15, mesoventral carina (msc) and mesocoxal cavity (mcx), lateral view. 16, aedeagus, lateral view. 17, aedeagus, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208626/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
). Male metafemur with tiny tooth in middle of ventral side (
<figureCitation id="E3B52A2D0220A002FB9A5B8FFBE3F869" box="[1032,1116,1937,1961]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 17" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1880,1903]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 17. External and internal morphology of Tafforeus cainosternus sp. n. (holotype) by PPC-SRμCT. 8, habitus dorsal view. 9, habitus lateral view. 10, prosternum and procoxal cavities from behind (pp = triangular prosternal process). 11, antenna. 12, protarsus, dorsal view. 13, mesotarsus, dorsal view. 14, posterior leg (th = ventral tooth). 15, mesoventral carina (msc) and mesocoxal cavity (mcx), lateral view. 16, aedeagus, lateral view. 17, aedeagus, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208626/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B3136A80220A002FF555BAAFE8AF82E" blockId="3.[151,1436,1625,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">
Aedeagus as long as one-quarter of body length, slender, parameres as long as median lobe and contiguous to it (
<figureCitation id="E3B52A2D0220A002FF0D5BC8FE97F82E" box="[159,296,2006,2030]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 17" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1880,1903]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 17. External and internal morphology of Tafforeus cainosternus sp. n. (holotype) by PPC-SRμCT. 8, habitus dorsal view. 9, habitus lateral view. 10, prosternum and procoxal cavities from behind (pp = triangular prosternal process). 11, antenna. 12, protarsus, dorsal view. 13, mesotarsus, dorsal view. 14, posterior leg (th = ventral tooth). 15, mesoventral carina (msc) and mesocoxal cavity (mcx), lateral view. 16, aedeagus, lateral view. 17, aedeagus, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208626/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="84">Figs. 1617</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="2FF166200227A005FF055B46FB20F80A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208626/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" targetBox="[151,1435,193,1847]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="7B3136A80227A005FF055B46FB20F80A" blockId="4.[151,1436,1880,1995]" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0227A005FF055B46FEF5F8AD" bold="true" box="[151,330,1880,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">FIGURES 817.</emphasis>
External and internal morphology of
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0227A005FD495B46FC7BF8AE" box="[731,964,1880,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Tafforeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cainosternus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0227A005FD495B46FC7BF8AE" box="[731,964,1880,1902]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="85">Tafforeus cainosternus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="52C957C10227A005FC5F5B47FBB8F8AE" box="[973,1031,1881,1902]" pageId="4" pageNumber="85" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype) by PPC-SRμCT. 8, habitus dorsal view. 9, habitus lateral view. 10, prosternum and procoxal cavities from behind (pp = triangular prosternal process). 11, antenna. 12, protarsus, dorsal view. 13, mesotarsus, dorsal view. 14, posterior leg (th=ventral tooth). 15, mesoventral carina (msc) and mesocoxal cavity (mcx), lateral view. 16, aedeagus, lateral view. 17, aedeagus, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7B3136A80226A004FF555C89FC6CFF6F" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1479]" box="[199,979,151,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">
Female (
<typeStatus id="A435880A0226A004FEBA5C89FE33FF6F" box="[296,396,151,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
) with tarsal formula 5-4-4, without tarsal dilatation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="339465230226A004FF555CA4FEC2FF36" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7B3136A80226A004FF555CA4FEC2FF36" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1479]" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0226A004FF555CA4FEDFFF13" bold="true" box="[199,352,186,211]" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">Distribution.</emphasis>
The new species is known only from Baltic amber, from the deposit of Jantarnij, near Kaliningrad,
<collectingCountry id="039976380226A004FEB85CC0FEC7FF36" box="[298,376,222,246]" name="Russia" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">Russia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="339465230226A004FF555D1CFCF0FE43" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="7B3136A80226A004FF555D1CFD57FEFC" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1479]" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0226A004FF555D1CFEF1FEDA" bold="true" box="[199,334,258,282]" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name of the new species refers to possible phylogenetic affinities with the genus
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FF055D3BFE63FEFC" authority="Notman, 1921" authorityName="Notman" authorityYear="1921" box="[151,476,292,316]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Cainosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0226A004FF055D3BFE89FEFC" box="[151,310,293,316]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">Cainosternum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1F1F4B590226A004FEAE5D3BFE63FEFC" author="Notman" box="[316,476,292,316]" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" refString="Notman, H. (1921) Some new genera and species of Coleoptera collected at Westfield, Chautauca Co., N. Y. Journal of the New York entomological Society, 83 (3 - 4), 145 - 160." type="journal article" year="1921">Notman, 1921</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see discussion below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B3136A80226A004FF555D59FCF0FE43" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1479]" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0226A004FF555D59FEDDFEA0" bold="true" box="[199,354,327,352]" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">Observation.</emphasis>
The sample appears intermixed with stellate hairs of evergreen oaks (
<figureCitation id="E3B52A2D0226A004FB0E5D59FAB3FE9F" box="[1180,1292,327,351]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 17" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1880,1903]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 17. External and internal morphology of Tafforeus cainosternus sp. n. (holotype) by PPC-SRμCT. 8, habitus dorsal view. 9, habitus lateral view. 10, prosternum and procoxal cavities from behind (pp = triangular prosternal process). 11, antenna. 12, protarsus, dorsal view. 13, mesotarsus, dorsal view. 14, posterior leg (th = ventral tooth). 15, mesoventral carina (msc) and mesocoxal cavity (mcx), lateral view. 16, aedeagus, lateral view. 17, aedeagus, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208626/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">Figs. 89</figureCitation>
), commonly found in Baltic amber (A. Schmidt, personal communication).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="339465230226A004FF555D93FB79FC54" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="7B3136A80226A004FF555D93FEB1FD96" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1479]" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0226A004FF555D93FEF3FE66" bold="true" box="[199,332,397,422]" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">Discussion.</emphasis>
Concealed insertions of antennae occur only in two subfamilies of
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FBE65D90FB57FE66" box="[1140,1256,398,422]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leiodidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FB6A5D90FAD7FE66" box="[1272,1384,398,422]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leiodinae">Leiodinae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FF055DAFFE4AFE09" authority="(Newton 1998)" baseAuthorityName="Newton" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[151,501,433,457]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Catopocerinae">
Catopocerinae (
<bibRefCitation id="1F1F4B590226A004FED95DAFFE52FE09" author="Newton" box="[331,493,433,457]" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" refString="Newton, A. F. (1998) Phylogenetic problems, current classification and generic catalogue of world Leiodidae (including Cholevinae). In: Phylogeny and evolution of subterranean and endogean Cholevidae (= Leiodidae Cholevinae), Proceedings of XX International Congress of Entomology, Firenze, 1996. Atti del Museo regionale di Scienze naturali, Torino, 41 - 178." type="book chapter" year="1998">Newton 1998</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FD965DAFFDD3FE09" box="[516,620,433,457]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Tafforeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0226A004FD965DAFFDD3FE09" box="[516,620,433,457]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">Tafforeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has six visible abdominal ventrites, a prosternum that is shorter than procoxal cavities, and contiguous metacoxae, as
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FD465DCAFCF8FE2C" box="[724,839,468,492]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leiodinae">Leiodinae</taxonomicName>
, and not as
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FC4E5DCAFBC1FE2C" box="[988,1150,468,492]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Catopocerinae">Catopocerinae</taxonomicName>
which have five visible abdominal ventrites, a prosternum that is longer than procoxal cavities, and metacoxal cavities separated by at least a third of their width (
<bibRefCitation id="1F1F4B590226A004FE085E05FD86FDF3" author="Newton" box="[410,569,539,563]" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" refString="Newton, A. F. (1998) Phylogenetic problems, current classification and generic catalogue of world Leiodidae (including Cholevinae). In: Phylogeny and evolution of subterranean and endogean Cholevidae (= Leiodidae Cholevinae), Proceedings of XX International Congress of Entomology, Firenze, 1996. Atti del Museo regionale di Scienze naturali, Torino, 41 - 178." type="book chapter" year="1998">Newton 1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1F1F4B590226A004FDD55E02FCD7FDF3" author="Perreau" box="[583,872,538,563]" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" refString="Perreau, M. &amp; Ruzicka, J. (2007) Systematic position of Perkovskius Lafer 1989 (Coleoptera: Leiodidae), with description of a second species from Far East of Russia. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (N. S.), 43 (3), 257 - 264." type="journal article" year="2007">Perreau &amp; Růžička 2007</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore,
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FC6E5E05FBDEFDF3" box="[1020,1121,539,563]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Tafforeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0226A004FC6E5E05FBDEFDF3" box="[1020,1121,539,563]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">Tafforeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
takes its place naturally in
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FF055E20FEB4FD96" box="[151,267,574,598]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leiodinae">Leiodinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B3136A80226A004FF555E7CFB79FC54" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1479]" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">
Many morphological characters suggest a phylogenetic placement of
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FC445E7FFB84FDB9" box="[982,1083,609,633]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Tafforeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0226A004FC445E7FFB84FDB9" box="[982,1083,609,633]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">Tafforeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FBF15E7FFB42FDB9" box="[1123,1277,609,633]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoliodini">Pseudoliodini</taxonomicName>
rather than in
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FF055E9AFF49FD5C" box="[151,246,644,668]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Leiodini">Leiodini</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FEB25E9AFE1BFD5C" box="[288,420,644,668]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Agathidiini">Agathidiini</taxonomicName>
: the closed procoxal cavities and the triangular shape of the prosternal process (
<figureCitation id="E3B52A2D0226A004FAD25E9AFA2BFD5C" box="[1344,1428,644,668]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 17" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1880,1903]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 17. External and internal morphology of Tafforeus cainosternus sp. n. (holotype) by PPC-SRμCT. 8, habitus dorsal view. 9, habitus lateral view. 10, prosternum and procoxal cavities from behind (pp = triangular prosternal process). 11, antenna. 12, protarsus, dorsal view. 13, mesotarsus, dorsal view. 14, posterior leg (th = ventral tooth). 15, mesoventral carina (msc) and mesocoxal cavity (mcx), lateral view. 16, aedeagus, lateral view. 17, aedeagus, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208626/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
) (generally quadrangular in
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FE575EB9FD9BFD7F" box="[453,548,679,703]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Leiodini">Leiodini</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="1F1F4B590226A004FDB85EB9FD5EFD7F" author="Newton" box="[554,737,679,703]" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" refString="Newton, A. F. (1998) Phylogenetic problems, current classification and generic catalogue of world Leiodidae (including Cholevinae). In: Phylogeny and evolution of subterranean and endogean Cholevidae (= Leiodidae Cholevinae), Proceedings of XX International Congress of Entomology, Firenze, 1996. Atti del Museo regionale di Scienze naturali, Torino, 41 - 178." type="book chapter" year="1998">(Newton 1998))</bibRefCitation>
; the straight apical margin of the labrum (deeply emarginate in
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FF055ED5FF44FD23" box="[151,251,715,739]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Leiodini">Leiodini</taxonomicName>
); the eighth antennenomere not flattened (
<figureCitation id="E3B52A2D0226A004FD5D5ED5FCA1FD23" box="[719,798,715,739]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 17" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1880,1903]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 17. External and internal morphology of Tafforeus cainosternus sp. n. (holotype) by PPC-SRμCT. 8, habitus dorsal view. 9, habitus lateral view. 10, prosternum and procoxal cavities from behind (pp = triangular prosternal process). 11, antenna. 12, protarsus, dorsal view. 13, mesotarsus, dorsal view. 14, posterior leg (th = ventral tooth). 15, mesoventral carina (msc) and mesocoxal cavity (mcx), lateral view. 16, aedeagus, lateral view. 17, aedeagus, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208626/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
) (flattened in
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FC2E5ED5FB9FFD23" box="[956,1056,715,739]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Leiodini">Leiodini</taxonomicName>
); the transversal microreticulation of the pronotum and striolation of the elytra (rare in
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FC8B5EF0FCC2FCC6" box="[793,893,750,774]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Leiodini">Leiodini</taxonomicName>
); the absence of antennal grooves (present in
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FF055F0FFEA3FCE9" box="[151,284,785,809]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Agathidiini">Agathidiini</taxonomicName>
). However, the combination of 5-5-
<specimenCount id="6D88FD210226A004FD3D5F0FFD42FCE9" box="[687,765,785,809]" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" type="male">4 male</specimenCount>
and 5-4-
<specimenCount id="6D88FD210226A004FCF65F0FFC78FCE9" box="[868,967,785,809]" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" type="female">4 female</specimenCount>
tarsal formula occurs in
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FB775F0FFAD8FCE9" box="[1253,1383,785,809]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Agathidiini">Agathidiini</taxonomicName>
, and not in Pseusdoliodini (male tarsal formula 5-4-4), except in the monospecific genus
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FBDF5F2BFA27FC8C" authority="Notman, 1921" authorityName="Notman" authorityYear="1921" box="[1101,1432,820,844]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Cainosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0226A004FBDF5F2BFB53FC8C" box="[1101,1260,821,844]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">Cainosternum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1F1F4B590226A004FB665F2BFA27FC8C" author="Notman" box="[1268,1432,820,844]" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" refString="Notman, H. (1921) Some new genera and species of Coleoptera collected at Westfield, Chautauca Co., N. Y. Journal of the New York entomological Society, 83 (3 - 4), 145 - 160." type="journal article" year="1921">Notman, 1921</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. This genus has been placed by some authors in
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FD2D5F49FC80FCAF" box="[703,831,855,879]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Agathidiini">Agathidiini</taxonomicName>
for this reason (
<bibRefCitation id="1F1F4B590226A004FC6F5F49FB1DFCAF" author="Wheeler" box="[1021,1186,855,879]" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" refString="Wheeler, Q. D. (1986) Rediscovery and cladistics placement of the genus Cainosternum (Coleoptera: Leiodidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 79, 377 - 383." type="journal article" year="1986">Wheeler 1986</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="1F1F4B590226A004FB3D5F49FB54FCAF" author="Wheeler" box="[1199,1259,855,879]" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" refString="Wheeler, Q. D. &amp; Miller, K. B. (2005) Slime mold beetles of the genus Agathidium Panzer in North and Central America (Coleoptera: Leiodidae), part I. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 290, 5 - 95." type="journal article" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
), but it is more likely to be placed in
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FE1A5F65FD6CFC53" authority="(Newton 1998)" baseAuthorityName="Newton" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[392,723,891,915]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoliodini">
Pseudoliodini (
<bibRefCitation id="1F1F4B590226A004FDA35F65FD74FC53" author="Newton" box="[561,715,891,915]" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" refString="Newton, A. F. (1998) Phylogenetic problems, current classification and generic catalogue of world Leiodidae (including Cholevinae). In: Phylogeny and evolution of subterranean and endogean Cholevidae (= Leiodidae Cholevinae), Proceedings of XX International Congress of Entomology, Firenze, 1996. Atti del Museo regionale di Scienze naturali, Torino, 41 - 178." type="book chapter" year="1998">Newton 1998</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
because of the absence of antennal grooves.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="339465230226A004FF555F80FC96FA06" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="7B3136A80226A004FF555F80FEF9FB6C" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1479]" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FF555F80FE90FC76" ID-CoL="8XQ5K" box="[199,303,926,950]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Tafforeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0226A004FF555F80FE90FC76" box="[199,303,926,950]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">Tafforeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares the same male and female tarsal formula and the absence of antennal grooves with
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FF055FDCFE89FC19" ID-CoL="8XK72" box="[151,310,962,985]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Cainosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0226A004FF055FDCFE89FC19" box="[151,310,962,985]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">Cainosternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Moreover,
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FE535FDFFD96FC19" ID-CoL="8XQ5K" box="[449,553,961,985]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Tafforeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0226A004FE535FDFFD96FC19" box="[449,553,961,985]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">Tafforeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a deeply notched mesoventral carina (
<figureCitation id="E3B52A2D0226A004FB9C5FDFFBDEFC19" box="[1038,1121,961,985]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 17" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1880,1903]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1847]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 8 17. External and internal morphology of Tafforeus cainosternus sp. n. (holotype) by PPC-SRμCT. 8, habitus dorsal view. 9, habitus lateral view. 10, prosternum and procoxal cavities from behind (pp = triangular prosternal process). 11, antenna. 12, protarsus, dorsal view. 13, mesotarsus, dorsal view. 14, posterior leg (th = ventral tooth). 15, mesoventral carina (msc) and mesocoxal cavity (mcx), lateral view. 16, aedeagus, lateral view. 17, aedeagus, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208626/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
) as
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FB035FDCFA8FFC19" ID-CoL="8XK72" box="[1169,1328,962,985]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Cainosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0226A004FB035FDCFA8FFC19" box="[1169,1328,962,985]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">Cainosternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1F1F4B590226A004FAD25FDFFF6DFC3C" author="Notman" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" refString="Notman, H. (1921) Some new genera and species of Coleoptera collected at Westfield, Chautauca Co., N. Y. Journal of the New York entomological Society, 83 (3 - 4), 145 - 160." type="journal article" year="1921">Notman 1921</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1F1F4B590226A004FF4D5FFAFE3DFC3C" author="Wheeler" box="[223,386,996,1020]" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" refString="Wheeler, Q. D. (1986) Rediscovery and cladistics placement of the genus Cainosternum (Coleoptera: Leiodidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 79, 377 - 383." type="journal article" year="1986">Wheeler 1986</bibRefCitation>
), which is not a frequent character state in
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FCE65FFAFC56FC3C" ID-CoL="8VR3J" box="[884,1001,996,1020]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leiodidae</taxonomicName>
: apart from
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FBE75FFBFAABFC3C" ID-CoL="8XK72" box="[1141,1300,997,1020]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Cainosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0226A004FBE75FFBFAABFC3C" box="[1141,1300,997,1020]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">Cainosternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it has only been recorded in the genus
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FE465816FC3BFBDF" ID-CoL="8XNSH" authority="Perreau &amp; Ruzicka, 2007" authorityName="Perreau &amp; Ruzicka" authorityYear="2007" box="[468,900,1031,1056]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Perkovskius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0226A004FE465816FDE4FBE0" box="[468,603,1032,1056]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">Perkovskius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1F1F4B590226A004FDF65816FC3BFBDF" author="Perreau" box="[612,900,1031,1055]" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" refString="Perreau, M. &amp; Ruzicka, J. (2007) Systematic position of Perkovskius Lafer 1989 (Coleoptera: Leiodidae), with description of a second species from Far East of Russia. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (N. S.), 43 (3), 257 - 264." type="journal article" year="2007">Perreau &amp; Růžička, 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
of the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FBC35819FB69FBDF" ID-CoL="8X6L7" box="[1105,1238,1031,1055]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Camiarinae">Camiarinae</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FB715816FAF4FBE0" ID-CoL="8XQ5K" box="[1251,1355,1032,1056]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Tafforeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0226A004FB715816FAF4FBE0" box="[1251,1355,1032,1056]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">Tafforeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FF445832FECAFB83" ID-CoL="8XK72" box="[214,373,1068,1091]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Cainosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0226A004FF445832FECAFB83" box="[214,373,1068,1091]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">Cainosternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the number of longitudinal rows of punctures on elytra (10 on each in
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FB505835FA98FB83" ID-CoL="8XQ5K" box="[1218,1319,1067,1091]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Tafforeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0226A004FB505835FA98FB83" box="[1218,1319,1067,1091]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">Tafforeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ca.
<quantity id="BC769B4D0226A004FAF05835FA23FB83" box="[1378,1436,1067,1091]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" unit="in" value="20.0">20 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FF055851FE89FBA6" ID-CoL="8XK72" box="[151,310,1103,1126]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Cainosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0226A004FF055851FE89FBA6" box="[151,310,1103,1126]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">Cainosternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); the pronotum of normal size, approximately as wide as the elytra (small and 0.8 times as wide as the elytra in
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FEB1586CFE7EFB49" ID-CoL="8XK72" box="[291,449,1138,1161]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Cainosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0226A004FEB1586CFE7EFB49" box="[291,449,1138,1161]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">Cainosternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and by the widely rounded apex of the aedeagus (abruptly narrowed before the apex in
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FF05588BFE89FB6C" ID-CoL="8XK72" box="[151,310,1173,1196]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Cainosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0226A004FF05588BFE89FB6C" box="[151,310,1173,1196]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">Cainosternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B3136A80226A004FF5558A9FC96FA06" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1479]" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">
The unusual combination of characters shared by
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FD6558A6FCE3FB10" ID-CoL="8XQ5K" box="[759,860,1208,1232]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Tafforeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0226A004FD6558A6FCE3FB10" box="[759,860,1208,1232]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">Tafforeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FC0458A6FB8BFB0F" ID-CoL="8XK72" box="[918,1076,1208,1231]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Cainosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0226A004FC0458A6FB8BFB0F" box="[918,1076,1208,1231]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">Cainosternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: labrum not deeply emarginate; lack of antennal grooves, tarsal formula 5-5-
<quantity id="BC769B4D0226A004FD0A58C5FD77FB33" box="[664,712,1243,1267]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
male and 5-4-
<quantity id="BC769B4D0226A004FCE358C5FC1FFB33" box="[881,928,1243,1267]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
female; mesoventral carina deeply notched, suggests close phylogenetic relationship between these two genera. Compared to
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FBB858E0FB30FAD6" ID-CoL="8XQ5K" box="[1066,1167,1278,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Tafforeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0226A004FBB858E0FB30FAD6" box="[1066,1167,1278,1302]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">Tafforeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the other genera of
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FF05593FFE8BFAF9" ID-CoL="8VR9W" box="[151,308,1313,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pseudoliodini">Pseudoliodini</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FED3593FFE1FFAF9" ID-CoL="8VR8V" box="[321,416,1313,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Leiodini">Leiodini</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FE48593FFDE2FAF9" box="[474,605,1313,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Agathidiini">Agathidiini</taxonomicName>
, the large number of longitudinal rows of punctures on elytra (ca. 20 on each elytron, twice the common number) and the small size of the pronotum of
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FBD0595BFB5EFA9C" ID-CoL="8XK72" box="[1090,1249,1349,1372]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Cainosternum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="49FAEABA0226A004FBD0595BFB5EFA9C" box="[1090,1249,1349,1372]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="86">Cainosternum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are likely to be considered as derived characters. However the lack of comprehensive phylogenetic analysis for
<taxonomicName id="BC8E4D2B0226A004FB5A5979FA87FABF" ID-CoL="8VR5G" box="[1224,1336,1383,1407]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leiodinae">Leiodinae</taxonomicName>
makes it difficult to interpret character states as plesiomorphies or apomorphies, and the above discussion of relationships among genera should be treated as preliminary hypothesis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>