463 lines
54 KiB
XML
463 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="3303BCA4CE8B4C1F0E76B131C51C9A73" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5323.4.3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8212358" ID-ZooBank="0001D6C5-9616-44A3-98F4-CE4CCA0F2826" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1691079196028" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Singh, Manpreet, Raha, Angshuman, Mallick, Kaushik, Kirti, Jagbir Singh & Singh, Navneet" docDate="2023" docId="E36F1F4DFFE3FFF4FF11FB6B21C2F8FB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5323.4.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5323 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Plutodes quadratus Singh & Raha & Mallick & Kirti & Singh 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="520" masterDocId="1F566735FFECFFE1FF86FFA82454FFFE" masterDocTitle="A review of the genus Plutodes Guenée (Geometridae: Ennominae) from India with description of one new species" masterLastPageNumber="523" masterPageNumber="499" pageNumber="514" updateTime="1691079622679" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6BBA64A2366E48D866EFF22EEB09633F">
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<mods:title id="6A4150E06EFB58D56D85861221A15090">A review of the genus Plutodes Guenée (Geometridae: Ennominae) from India with description of one new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="575129562BE9D21DFEF12E2FED8BCBDA" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1986D83EB20221166F69873629430BA6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="60DB940AF8486E535FF97169DD5BA126">Singh, Manpreet</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CDFFA0C388C77EC29D082B931A678259" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7538-3147</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="37A032E40D14F00728F2D1D1CABA8682">Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata- 700053, West Bengal, India & Department of Zoology & Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala- 147002, Punjab, India & manpreet 500777 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7538 - 3147</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EBA2F2EA1F4408B7739870C154AB1191" type="email">manpreet500777@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="F7F395A09FC8139168C31FDC32065DCA" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="309CD8C008965AF4B57C952AE1A10A07">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A41B78C7A04943A5CB37DA46B30FBD51">Raha, Angshuman</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D67628030026574C2C07A4DAA2DDE7E8" type="ORCID">0000-0001-6992-7056</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="E5F480EC0EB030396483C2C135E9FB44">Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata- 700053, West Bengal, India & adroitangshuman @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6992 - 7056</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FAF0E13653ACFBF27018832BA11DA496" type="email">adroitangshuman@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="9138FD6C94085CD9305863D1A8CC5C90" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="16ACFA486D916F273092DC996D1A4AF2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="161AF23145C1426D0EDB7A4B9AA19549">Mallick, Kaushik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="010311AC5DF77EF6A18929DF200C5204" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7376-2776</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="32AF7A0BB426F82321B8DE49F1F13D1E">Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata- 700053, West Bengal, India & kaushik 11. cc @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7376 - 2776</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2E2A87E0672BC2C014425AABDDF0D641" type="email">kaushik11.cc@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="28D764CE32A7912500D5F71AA512BAB9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="062D32D714E12964375EC49DF4C0AE13">Kirti, Jagbir Singh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D2F2F727C3C8040CCAD1943AE8029D57" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9670-5931</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="AFD5EFEF194F112150C82A11C70E58BD">Department of Zoology & Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala- 147002, Punjab, India & prjagbir 2005 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9670 - 5931</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="93E6F99D60766514E5A01E7B9617B5BB" type="email">prjagbir2005@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="FB1FDA41AFE00F06AE23F3287E835FE8">Singh, Navneet</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7741EDB414284692DE9645C04715ED45" type="ORCID">0000-0002-6657-7983</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="FE3A322252CDCCAD686E2A7FF9D9CD78">Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata- 700053, West Bengal, India & nsgill 007 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6657 - 7983</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7597E470D3B9FCE51C82CA6C5ADFDF69" type="email">nsgill007@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="64985F9A6F48CBCCCAA037BEC827BEEA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="FAC0D2F3A7DCF4BFAF1CE421CCC275A1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="D10ACAA772FEA7C26BFAD1D6BA93A544">
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<mods:date id="A352ED8E20C71EEA09120FBD699D9D3E">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7DFFEC2C84FB8BE922A82246017DD91D">2023-08-03</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="64961E86B41BFDA62F22022BED990C46" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="5995BE651573107C4EA810D39E9CACB1">5323</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:number id="32CCA2B7A6D60E8895C01940FA220B55">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="E56C5965F2EE3D3AEDFF854738812E91">499</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="F24712CFF6F539F21A5ECFE697C4C621">http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="17D0D214D0573C23F4486989260C7E71">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CB625A4845904BA4130E5F2E498AEA08" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5323.4.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="97D19D79F6E4016B2D2E29B4B1AD4B94" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="E36F1F4DFFE3FFF4FF11FB6B21C2F8FB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8212374" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8212374" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E36F1F4DFFE3FFF4FF11FB6B21C2F8FB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E36F1F4DFFE3FFF4FF11FB6B21C2F8FB" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="520" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">
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<subSubSection id="23DCFDD0FFE3FFEEFF11FB6B25B2FB20" box="[151,486,1219,1246]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6B79AE5BFFE3FFEEFF11FB6B25B2FB20" blockId="15.[151,486,1219,1283]" box="[151,486,1219,1246]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">
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<heading id="30311937FFE3FFEEFF11FB6B25B2FB20" bold="true" box="[151,486,1219,1246]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="59B27249FFE3FFEEFF11FB6B25B2FB20" bold="true" box="[151,486,1219,1246]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">
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<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFE3FFEEFF11FB6B25D5FB20" authority="Singh & Raha & Mallick & Kirti & Singh, 2023" authorityName="Singh & Raha & Mallick & Kirti & Singh" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,385,1219,1246]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadratus" status="sp. nov.">
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||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE3FFEEFF11FB6B25D5FB20" bold="true" box="[151,385,1219,1246]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">Plutodes quadratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="4281CF32FFE3FFEEFE0EFB6C25B2FB20" box="[392,486,1220,1246]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="23DCFDD0FFE3FFEEFF11FB40252FFAFD" box="[151,379,1256,1283]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" type="description">
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<paragraph id="6B79AE5BFFE3FFEEFF11FB40252FFAFD" blockId="15.[151,486,1219,1283]" box="[151,379,1256,1283]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">
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(
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<figureCitation id="F3FDB2DEFFE3FFEEFF19FB402574FAFC" box="[159,288,1256,1282]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–28" captionStartId="16.[152,270,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,182,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-23@16.[151,1436,181,1877]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 24–28. Habitus of Plutodes spp. 24–25 P. quadratus sp. nov., male, Kabirdham Bhoramdeo WLS (Holotype), 26– 27, ditto, Female, Lemru FRH (Paratype); 28, P. exiguifascia, female, Pundaloya, Sri Lanka (Holotype). Ventral sides: 25, 27." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8212368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8212368/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">Figs 24–27</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="F3FDB2DEFFE3FFEEFEAAFB402527FAFD" box="[300,371,1256,1283]" captionStart="FIGURES 50–54" captionStartId="20.[152,270,1842,1866]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,191,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-23@20.[151,1436,181,1818]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 50–54. Genitalia of Plutodes spp. 50–51, P. transmutata, male, Bir: 50, ventral view, 51, aedeagus (vesica not everted); 52–53, P. quadratus sp. nov., male, Kabirdham Bhoramdeo WLS (Holotype): 52, ventral view, 53, aedeagus, 54, ditto, female (Paratype), Lemru FRH. (diagnostic characters indicated by black lines)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8212378" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8212378/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">52–54</figureCitation>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="23DCFDD0FFE3FFEEFF11FA98255EFA48" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="6B79AE5BFFE3FFEEFF11FA982586FA90" blockId="15.[151,1437,1328,2039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">
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<materialsCitation id="DBAEA406FFE3FFEEFF11FA982586FA90" collectingDate="2014-03-30" collectorName="A. Raha" country="India" county="Kabirdham dist." location="Chilpi" municipality="Bhoramdeo" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chhattisgarh" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE3FFEEFF11FA982559FAB4" bold="true" box="[151,269,1328,1354]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">
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<typeStatus id="B47D10F9FFE3FFEEFF11FA98255CFAB4" box="[151,264,1328,1354]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
:
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||
</emphasis>
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||
1 Ô,
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<emphasis id="59B27249FFE3FFEEFECBFA9825D9FAB4" bold="true" box="[333,397,1328,1354]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">
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<collectingCountry id="13D1EECBFFE3FFEEFECBFA9825D9FAB4" box="[333,397,1328,1354]" name="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">India</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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,
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||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE3FFEEFE1CFA98266DFAB4" bold="true" box="[410,569,1328,1354]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">
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<collectingRegion id="A90260B9FFE3FFEEFE1CFA98266DFAB4" box="[410,569,1328,1354]" country="India" name="Chhattisgarh" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">Chhattisgarh</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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,
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||
<collectingCounty id="8218D6D7FFE3FFEEFDC1FA9826AAFAB4" box="[583,766,1328,1354]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">Kabirdham dist.</collectingCounty>
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,
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="8B1D3421FFE3FFEEFC8CFA9827D9FAB4" box="[778,909,1328,1354]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">Bhoramdeo</collectingMunicipality>
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WLS,
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<location id="6E19F880FFE3FFEEFC5AFA982076FAB4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E36F1F4DFFE3FFF4FF11FB6B21C2F8FB:6E19F880FFE3FFEEFC5AFA982076FAB4" box="[988,1058,1328,1354]" country="India" county="Kabirdham dist." municipality="Bhoramdeo" name="Chilpi" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" stateProvince="Chhattisgarh">Chilpi</location>
|
||
FRH,
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||
<date id="1F78889BFFE3FFEEFBEBFA9820BEFAB4" box="[1133,1258,1328,1354]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" value="2014-03-30">
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||
<collectingDate id="0F3C7173FFE3FFEEFBEBFA9820BEFAB4" box="[1133,1258,1328,1354]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" value="2014-03-30">30.iii.2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
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||
, leg.
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||
<collectorName id="C633CB8DFFE3FFEEFAA2FA9821D4FAB4" box="[1316,1408,1328,1354]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">A. Raha</collectorName>
|
||
& party (8537/H10, NZCZSI).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="6B79AE5BFFE3FFEEFF41FAD0255EFA48" blockId="15.[151,1437,1328,2039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">
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||
<materialsCitation id="DBAEA406FFE3FFEEFF41FAD02553FA48" collectingDate="2014-03-24" collectorName="A. Raha" country="India" location="Lemru" municipality="Korba dist." pageId="15" pageNumber="514" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Chhattisgarh" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE3FFEEFF41FAD02569FA6C" bold="true" box="[199,317,1400,1426]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<typeStatus id="B47D10F9FFE3FFEEFF41FAD0256CFA6C" box="[199,312,1400,1426]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="7DC065D2FFE3FFEEFEC3FAD02524FA6D" box="[325,368,1400,1427]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE3FFEEFEF9FAD025EBFA6C" bold="true" box="[383,447,1400,1426]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="13D1EECBFFE3FFEEFEF9FAD025EBFA6C" box="[383,447,1400,1426]" name="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE3FFEEFE48FAD02639FA6C" bold="true" box="[462,621,1400,1426]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A90260B9FFE3FFEEFE48FAD02639FA6C" box="[462,621,1400,1426]" country="India" name="Chhattisgarh" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">Chhattisgarh</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="8B1D3421FFE3FFEEFDFAFAD026A8FA6C" box="[636,764,1400,1426]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">Korba dist.</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="6E19F880FFE3FFEEFC8EFAD12707FA6D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E36F1F4DFFE3FFF4FF11FB6B21C2F8FB:6E19F880FFE3FFEEFC8EFAD12707FA6D" box="[776,851,1401,1427]" country="India" municipality="Korba dist." name="Lemru" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" stateProvince="Chhattisgarh">Lemru</location>
|
||
FRH,
|
||
<date id="1F78889BFFE3FFEEFC26FAD02048FA6C" box="[928,1052,1400,1426]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" value="2014-03-24">
|
||
<collectingDate id="0F3C7173FFE3FFEEFC26FAD02048FA6C" box="[928,1052,1400,1426]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" value="2014-03-24">24.iii.2014</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
|
||
, leg.
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||
<collectorName id="C633CB8DFFE3FFEEFBDEFAD020E1FA6C" box="[1112,1205,1400,1426]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">A. Raha</collectorName>
|
||
& party (8536/H10, NZCZSI)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="23DCFDD0FFE3FFF4FF41FA6826CAFE2F" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="520" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="6B79AE5BFFE3FFF4FF41FA6826CAFE2F" blockId="15.[151,1437,1328,2039]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1437,151,1797]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="520" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE3FFEEFF41FA682510FA24" bold="true" box="[199,324,1472,1498]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFE3FFEEFE41FA692635FA24" authority="Singh & Raha & Mallick & Kirti & Singh, 2023" authorityName="Singh & Raha & Mallick & Kirti & Singh" authorityYear="2023" box="[455,609,1472,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadratus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE3FFEEFE41FA692635FA24" box="[455,609,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">P. quadratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4281CF32FFE3FFEEFDEEFA68269BFA25" box="[616,719,1472,1499]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE3FFEEFDEEFA68269CFA24" bold="true" box="[616,712,1472,1498]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is slightly larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFE3FFEEFC7CFA6920FCFA24" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1861" box="[1018,1192,1473,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transmutata">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE3FFEEFC7CFA6920FCFA24" box="[1018,1192,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">P. transmutata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFE3FFEEFA0EFA69254AFA00" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1893" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguifascia">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE3FFEEFA0EFA69254AFA00" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">P. exiguifascia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Wingspan:
|
||
<quantity id="AC3E03BEFFE3FFEEFE28FA4C25A9FA01" box="[430,509,1508,1535]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" unit="mm" value="32.0">32 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0F57D3AAFFE3FFEEFD8DFA4C26EBFA00" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[523,703,1508,1534]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" refId="ref13418" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1893) The Macrolepidoptera Heterocera of Ceylon. Part IX Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees, London, pp 182." type="book" year="1893">Hampson, 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) ≈ Forewing length,
|
||
<quantity id="AC3E03BEFFE3FFEEFC2CFA4C27A9FA00" box="[938,1021,1508,1534]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
|
||
), these three closely allied congeners can be confusing in identification due to their external similarities.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFE3FFEEFC24F9A020D4F9DC" authority="Singh & Raha & Mallick & Kirti & Singh, 2023" authorityName="Singh & Raha & Mallick & Kirti & Singh" authorityYear="2023" box="[930,1152,1544,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadratus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE3FFEEFC24F9A020D4F9DC" box="[930,1152,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">Plutodes quadratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE3FFEEFB00F9A020B7F9DC" bold="true" box="[1158,1251,1544,1570]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4281CF32FFE3FFEEFB00F9A020B7F9DC" box="[1158,1251,1544,1570]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is most reliably diagnosed by the shape of the distal patch on the forewing being roughly quadrate with the inner border, in both sexes, running straight onto the inner margin of the forewing after making an obtuse curvature near the costa. While, in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="B47D10F9FFE3FFEEFF59F9DC2515F970" box="[223,321,1652,1678]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFE3FFEEFE3DF9DD260BF970" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1893" box="[443,607,1652,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguifascia">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE3FFEEFE3DF9DD260BF970" box="[443,607,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">P. exiguifascia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="F3FDB2DEFFE3FFEEFDE8F9DC2696F970" box="[622,706,1652,1678]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–28" captionStartId="16.[152,270,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,182,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-23@16.[151,1436,181,1877]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 24–28. Habitus of Plutodes spp. 24–25 P. quadratus sp. nov., male, Kabirdham Bhoramdeo WLS (Holotype), 26– 27, ditto, Female, Lemru FRH (Paratype); 28, P. exiguifascia, female, Pundaloya, Sri Lanka (Holotype). Ventral sides: 25, 27." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8212368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8212368/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
, the only existing specimen for comparison), the inner border of the forewing distal patch is slightly curved and not running straight onto the inner margin, i.e., the inner border is not making a right angle with the inner margin, rather bending outward to meet the inner margin. The inner border of the hindwing distal patch in both the sexes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFE3FFEEFDEAF94926ADF904" authority="Singh & Raha & Mallick & Kirti & Singh, 2023" authorityName="Singh & Raha & Mallick & Kirti & Singh" authorityYear="2023" box="[620,761,1760,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadratus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE3FFEEFDEAF94926ADF904" box="[620,761,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">P. quadratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE3FFEEFC86F948270DF904" bold="true" box="[768,857,1760,1786]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4281CF32FFE3FFEEFC86F948270DF904" box="[768,857,1760,1786]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has a distinct wider and deeper medial invagination than that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFE3FFEEFE9CF8AD25EFF8E0" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1893" box="[282,443,1796,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguifascia">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE3FFEEFE9CF8AD25EFF8E0" box="[282,443,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">P. exiguifascia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Also, there is a small, distinct and acute projection at the end of the hindwing distal patch near the anal angle in both male and female specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFE3FFEEFCA1F88127E2F8BC" authority="Singh & Raha & Mallick & Kirti & Singh, 2023" authorityName="Singh & Raha & Mallick & Kirti & Singh" authorityYear="2023" box="[807,950,1832,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadratus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE3FFEEFCA1F88127E2F8BC" box="[807,950,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">P. quadratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE3FFEEFC3AF8802042F8BC" bold="true" box="[956,1046,1832,1858]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4281CF32FFE3FFEEFC3AF8802042F8BC" box="[956,1046,1832,1858]" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, but this is not evident in either of the other two species. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFE3FFEEFE2AF8E5261AF898" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1861" box="[428,590,1869,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transmutata">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE3FFEEFE2AF8E5261AF898" box="[428,590,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">P. transmutata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the distal patches on both wings are narrower than in the other two species, irregular or “amoeboid”, more of kidney or bean-shaped. So, the yellow areas between the distal and basal patches on both wings in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFE3FFEEFEE7F83D2652F850" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1861" box="[353,518,1941,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transmutata">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE3FFEEFEE7F83D2652F850" box="[353,518,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">P. transmutata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear much broader than those of the other two congeners. The irregularity in distal patches in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFE3FFEEFEDCF8112654F82C" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1861" box="[346,512,1977,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transmutata">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE3FFEEFEDCF8112654F82C" box="[346,512,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">P. transmutata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is particularly evident on the inner border of the patches where a medial, sharp invagination is present in case of both the wings. Moreover, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFE3FFEEFCD4F87527A0F808" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1861" box="[850,1012,2013,2038]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transmutata">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE3FFEEFCD4F87527A0F808" box="[850,1012,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="514">P. transmutata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the forewing distal patch ends much narrower at the inner margin. In the male genitalia,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFF9FFF4FD6BFF3F2729FF4F" authority="Singh & Raha & Mallick & Kirti & Singh, 2023" authorityName="Singh & Raha & Mallick & Kirti & Singh" authorityYear="2023" box="[749,893,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="520" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadratus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFF9FFF4FD6BFF3F2729FF4F" box="[749,893,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">P. quadratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFF9FFF4FC00FF3F27B6FF4F" bold="true" box="[902,994,151,177]" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4281CF32FFF9FFF4FC00FF3F27B6FF4F" box="[902,994,151,177]" pageId="21" pageNumber="520" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is distinct from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFF9FFF4FB71FF3F21C8FF4E" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1861" box="[1271,1436,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="520" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transmutata">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFF9FFF4FB71FF3F21C8FF4E" box="[1271,1436,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">P. transmutata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the shorter uncus with less spatulate tip, narrower valva with more sclerotized, upright and pointed saccular process (which is longer, weakly sclerotized and thumb-like in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFF9FFF4FCDAFF7727ABFF06" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1861" box="[860,1023,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="520" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transmutata">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFF9FFF4FCDAFF7727ABFF06" box="[860,1023,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">P. transmutata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and distinctly broader saccus. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFF9FFF4FA0EFF77255DFEE3" authority="Singh & Raha & Mallick & Kirti & Singh, 2023" authorityName="Singh & Raha & Mallick & Kirti & Singh" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="520" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadratus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFF9FFF4FA0EFF77255DFEE3" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">P. quadratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFF9FFF4FE97FEAB253FFEE3" bold="true" box="[273,363,259,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4281CF32FFF9FFF4FE97FEAB253FFEE3" box="[273,363,259,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="520" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the aedeagus is straight, broad at base, gently narrowing at the middle, then again bulbous and ultimately terminating into bunch of setae-like structures at the apex. In female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFF9FFF4FB23FE8F2167FEBF" authority="Singh & Raha & Mallick & Kirti & Singh, 2023" authorityName="Singh & Raha & Mallick & Kirti & Singh" authorityYear="2023" box="[1189,1331,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="520" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadratus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFF9FFF4FB23FE8F2167FEBF" box="[1189,1331,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">P. quadratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFF9FFF4FABDFE8F21C1FEBF" bold="true" box="[1339,1429,295,321]" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4281CF32FFF9FFF4FABDFE8F21C1FEBF" box="[1339,1429,295,321]" pageId="21" pageNumber="520" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, corpus bursae is strongly sclerotized, spherical and evenly scobinated with minute spines; ductus bursae short, broad and well sclerotized, a spherical accessory sac with long duct, thrice the length of ductus bursae joined between the junction of ductus bursae and corpus bursae, posterior apophyses are two thirds the length of the anterior apophyses, anal papillae oval, setose and well sclerotized.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="3FB9FED3FFFCFFF1FF1EF8C421C6F857" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8212368" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8212368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8212368/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="515" startId="16.[152,270,1900,1924]" targetBox="[151,1436,182,1865]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="6B79AE5BFFFCFFF1FF1EF8C421C6F857" blockId="16.[151,1436,1900,1961]" pageId="16" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFFCFFF1FF1EF8C4250FF87A" bold="true" box="[152,347,1900,1924]" pageId="16" pageNumber="515">FIGURES 24–28.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFFCFFF1FE54F8C52608F87A" box="[466,604,1901,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFFCFFF1FE54F8C5267FF87B" box="[466,555,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="515">Plutodes</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
24–25
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFFCFFF1FD2EF8C5277CF87B" authority="Singh & Raha & Mallick & Kirti & Singh, 2023" authorityName="Singh & Raha & Mallick & Kirti & Singh" authorityYear="2023" box="[680,808,1901,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadratus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFFCFFF1FD2EF8C5277CF87B" box="[680,808,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="515">P. quadratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4281CF32FFFCFFF1FCA8F8C5272AF87A" box="[814,894,1901,1924]" pageId="16" pageNumber="515" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, male, Kabirdham Bhoramdeo WLS (Holotype), 26– 27, ditto, Female, Lemru FRH (Paratype); 28,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFFCFFF1FDE8F8392755F857" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1893" box="[622,769,1937,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguifascia">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFFCFFF1FDE8F8392755F857" box="[622,769,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="515">P. exiguifascia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female, Pundaloya, Sri Lanka (Holotype). Ventral sides: 25, 27.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="3FB9FED3FFFDFFF0FF1EF8CF25C3F815" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8212370" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8212370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8212370/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="516" startId="17.[152,270,1895,1919]" targetBox="[175,1412,192,1860]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="6B79AE5BFFFDFFF0FF1EF8CF25C3F815" blockId="17.[151,1437,1895,2027]" pageId="17" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFFDFFF0FF1EF8CF250AF881" bold="true" box="[152,350,1895,1919]" pageId="17" pageNumber="516">FIGURES 29–36.</emphasis>
|
||
Genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFFDFFF0FE6AF8CF262CF880" box="[492,632,1895,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFFDFFF0FE6AF8CF2611F881" box="[492,581,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="516">Plutodes</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
29–30,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFFDFFF0FD56F8C0276BF881" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[720,831,1896,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFFDFFF0FD56F8C0276BF881" box="[720,831,1896,1919]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="516">P. costatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male, Sitong: 29, ventral view, 30, aedeagus (vesica not everted); 31–32,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFFDFFF0FEC1F82425E5F85D" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1923" box="[327,433,1932,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warreni">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFFDFFF0FEC1F82425E5F85D" box="[327,433,1932,1955]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="516">P. warreni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male, Jang: 31, ventral view, 32, aedeagus; 33–34,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFFDFFF0FC52F824200AF85D" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1923" box="[980,1118,1931,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warreni">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFFDFFF0FC52F824200AF85D" box="[980,1118,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="516">P. cf. warreni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male, Lama Camp, Eaglenest WLS: 33, ventral view, 34, aedeagus; 35–36,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFFDFFF0FDECF8182686F839" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1894" box="[618,722,1967,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lamisca">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFFDFFF0FDECF8182686F839" box="[618,722,1967,1991]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="516">P. lamisca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male, Namchi: 35, ventral view, 36, aedeagus. (diagnostic characters indicated by black lines).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="3FB9FED3FFFEFFF3FF1EF8FF203CF846" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8212372" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8212372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8212372/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="517" startId="18.[152,270,1879,1903]" targetBox="[162,1436,192,1856]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="6B79AE5BFFFEFFF3FF1EF8FF203CF846" blockId="18.[151,1437,1879,1976]" pageId="18" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFFEFFF3FF1EF8FF2509F88E" bold="true" box="[152,349,1879,1904]" pageId="18" pageNumber="517">FIGURES 37–43.</emphasis>
|
||
Genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFFEFFF3FE6CF8F02622F891" box="[490,630,1880,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFFEFFF3FE6CF8F02617F88E" box="[490,579,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="517">Plutodes</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
37–39,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFFEFFF3FD4BF8F02714F88E" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1891" box="[717,832,1880,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nilgirica">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFFEFFF3FD4BF8F02714F88E" box="[717,832,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="517">P. nilgirica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male, Munnar: 37, ventral view, 38, valva, 39, aedeagus (vesica not everted); 40–41,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFFEFFF3FE39F8D4261BF86A" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1880" box="[447,591,1916,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subcaudata">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFFEFFF3FE39F8D4261BF86A" box="[447,591,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="517">P. subcaudata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male, Rishop: 40, ventral view, 41, aedeagus; 42, ditto, female, Ravangla; 43,
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFFEFFF3FA0CF8D424ADF849" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFFEFFF3FA0CF8D424A1F849" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1880" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exquisita">P. exquisita</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
female, Singtam (corpus bursae torn). (diagnostic characters indicated by black lines).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="3FB9FED3FFFFFFF2FF1EF8D42584F822" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8212376" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8212376" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8212376/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="518" startId="19.[152,270,1916,1940]" targetBox="[154,1426,192,1882]" targetPageId="19" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="6B79AE5BFFFFFFF2FF1EF8D42584F822" blockId="19.[151,1437,1916,2012]" pageId="19" pageNumber="518">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFFFFFF2FF1EF8D42508F86A" bold="true" box="[152,348,1916,1940]" pageId="19" pageNumber="518">FIGURES 44–49.</emphasis>
|
||
Genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFFFFFF2FE62F8D4263BF86A" box="[484,623,1916,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="518" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFFFFFF2FE62F8D42669F86A" box="[484,573,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="518">Plutodes</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
44–45,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFFFFFF2FD45F8D52712F86A" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1880" box="[707,838,1916,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="518" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFFFFFF2FD45F8D52712F86A" box="[707,838,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="518">P. flavescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male, Singtam: 44, ventral view, 45, aedeagus; 46–47,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFFFFFF2FA0CF8D52566F846" authorityName="Kirti & Goyal" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="518" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudocyclaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFFFFFF2FA0CF8D52566F846" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="518">P. pseudocyclaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male, Munnar: 46, ventral view, 47, aedeagus (vesica not fully everted); 48–49,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFFFFFF2FBECF80920B5F846" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1880" box="[1130,1249,1952,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="518" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFFFFFF2FBECF80920B5F846" box="[1130,1249,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="518">P. discigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male, Chatakpur: 48, ventral view, 49, aedeagus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="3FB9FED3FFF8FFF5FF1EF89A2790F86C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8212378" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8212378" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8212378/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="519" startId="20.[152,270,1842,1866]" targetBox="[161,1426,191,1808]" targetPageId="20" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="6B79AE5BFFF8FFF5FF1EF89A2790F86C" blockId="20.[151,1436,1842,1938]" pageId="20" pageNumber="519">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFF8FFF5FF1EF89A2509F8B4" bold="true" box="[152,349,1842,1866]" pageId="20" pageNumber="519">FIGURES 50–54.</emphasis>
|
||
Genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFF8FFF5FE6CF89A2622F8B4" box="[490,630,1842,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFF8FFF5FE6CF89A2617F8B4" box="[490,579,1842,1866]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="519">Plutodes</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
50–51,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFF8FFF5FD48F89B2737F8B4" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1861" box="[718,867,1843,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transmutata">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFF8FFF5FD48F89B2737F8B4" box="[718,867,1843,1866]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="519">P. transmutata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male, Bir: 50, ventral view, 51, aedeagus (vesica not everted); 52–53,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFF8FFF5FEC4F8FF2595F890" authority="Singh & Raha & Mallick & Kirti & Singh, 2023" authorityName="Singh & Raha & Mallick & Kirti & Singh" authorityYear="2023" box="[322,449,1878,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadratus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFF8FFF5FEC4F8FF2595F890" box="[322,449,1878,1902]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="519">P. quadratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4281CF32FFF8FFF5FE40F8FE2643F890" box="[454,535,1878,1902]" pageId="20" pageNumber="519" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFF8FFF5FE40F8FE258AF890" bold="true" box="[454,478,1878,1902]" pageId="20" pageNumber="519">sp</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFF8FFF5FE6FF8FE2644F890" bold="true" box="[489,528,1878,1902]" pageId="20" pageNumber="519">nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, male, Kabirdham Bhoramdeo WLS (Holotype): 52, ventral view, 53, aedeagus, 54, ditto, female (Paratype), Lemru FRH. (diagnostic characters indicated by black lines).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="23DCFDD0FFF9FFF4FF41FE722117F98B" pageId="21" pageNumber="520" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="6B79AE5BFFF9FFF4FF41FE7225D8FA63" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFF9FFF4FF41FE722505FE0A" bold="true" box="[199,337,474,500]" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">Description</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFF9FFF4FEDBFE7325CEFE0B" bold="true" box="[349,410,475,501]" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">Male</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFF9FFF4FE23FE7325B6FE0B" box="[421,482,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: vertex covered with light yellow scales, frons yellowish-brown; antennae unipectinate, a long apical section probably unpectinated, according to the female
|
||
<typeStatus id="B47D10F9FFF9FFF4FC36FE572044FDE7" box="[944,1040,511,537]" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
and the related species (broken in male
|
||
<typeStatus id="B47D10F9FFF9FFF4FF53FD8B2568FDC3" box="[213,316,547,573]" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
); shaft and rami pale ochreous-brown, scape and pedicel pale buff-yellow; palpi short, not reaching the frons, upturned, apically blunt and covered with pale yellow scales.
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFF9FFF4FC55FDEF2070FD9F" box="[979,1060,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: collar and patagia covered with yellow scales, tegulae basally yellow, distal half rufous-brown; rest of the thorax rufous-brown dorsally, sternum and legs pale ochreous.
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFF9FFF4FE23FD27258BFD56" box="[421,479,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
: Forewing length: Ô
|
||
<quantity id="AC3E03BEFFF9FFF4FD54FD272771FD57" box="[722,805,655,681]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="21" pageNumber="520" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Forewing ground colour pale yellow, moderately broad (length: breadth = 2:1), apex roundish, termen anteriorly straight from apex to middle, then gently curved to tornus; the basal patch small, rufous-brown bordered with thin black, somewhat triangular, with the costal border obliquely straight then making an obtuse angle running straight onto the inner margin; distal patch rufous-brown, bordered with thin silvery-black line, large, broad, roughly quadrate with the inner border, in both sexes, running straight onto the inner margin of the forewing after making an obtuse curvature near the costa (the curvature in male is sharper than female), the costal border running parallel to the costa makes a sharp angle near the apex (this corner of distal patch is more pointed in female) then runs toward the inner margin more or less parallel to the termen, making a wide and gentle curvature below M3 vein.
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFF9FFF4FD02FC0726A6FC37" box="[644,754,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">Hindwing</emphasis>
|
||
: ground colour pale yellow, termen anteriorly straight from apex to middle, then gently curved to anal angle (in female, termen is more roundish); basal patch rufous-brown, triangular, broader at costa, then gradually acute towards the anal angle with the outer border obliquely running straight onto the inner margin; distal patch rufous-brown, broad, somewhat kidney-shaped, outer border gently convex, inner border sinuous with a prominent medial depression; a small, distinct and acute projection at the end of the hindwing distal patch near the anal angle. Undersides of both wings have lighter shades of patches with shapes same as upperside, inside each patch bordered with an irregular, blurred black band.
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFF9FFF4FBE1FB2F2085FB5F" box="[1127,1233,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: Dorsally rufous-brown with few yellow hair-scales, ventrally also rufous-brown, but with more yellow hair-scales.
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFF9FFF4FB5BFB032113FB3B" box="[1245,1351,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
: Uncus slender, apically spatulate; gnathos weakly sclerotized, plate-like; tegumen short, broad; valve narrow, elongated, costa slightly curved, apex round, sacculus weakly sclerotized, broad, short, about one-third the length of ventral margin with an upright, sclerotized, pointed saccular process; juxta weakly sclerotized, proximally broad, distally triangular with blunt tip; vinculum slender, elongated; saccus triangular, broad; aedeagus straight, broad at base, gently narrowing at the middle, then again bulbous and ultimately terminating into bunch of sclerotized setae-like structures at the apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6B79AE5BFFF9FFF4FF41FA0F2117F98B" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFF9FFF4FF41FA0F254AFA3F" bold="true" box="[199,286,1447,1473]" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">Female</emphasis>
|
||
: Forewing length:
|
||
<specimenCount id="7DC065D2FFF9FFF4FE72FA0F265DFA3F" box="[500,521,1447,1473]" pageId="21" pageNumber="520" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<quantity id="AC3E03BEFFF9FFF4FD96FA0F2636FA3F" box="[528,610,1447,1473]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="21" pageNumber="520" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The pattern is same as male except the inner border of the distal patch on forewing is rounded near costa and not sharply angled as in the male
|
||
<typeStatus id="B47D10F9FFF9FFF4FC37FA632042FA1B" box="[945,1046,1483,1509]" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, and the upper right corner of this patch is pointed at apex and not rounded as in male.
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFF9FFF4FD53FA47276BF9F7" box="[725,831,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
: Papilla analis elliptical; anterior apophysis two-thirds the length of posterior apophysis; ostium round, weakly sclerotized; ductus bursae short, broad and well sclerotized, a spherical accessory sac with long duct, thrice the length of ductus bursae joined at the junction of ductus bursae and corpus bursae; corpus bursae strongly sclerotized, spherical and evenly scobinated with minute spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="23DCFDD0FFF9FFF4FF41F9D72062F943" pageId="21" pageNumber="520" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="6B79AE5BFFF9FFF4FF41F9D72062F943" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFF9FFF4FF41F9D72506F967" bold="true" box="[199,338,1663,1689]" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The new species is named on the basis of the quadrate shape of the distal patch on the forewing which distinguishes it from the similar- looking
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFF9FFF4FD35F90B2702F942" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1861" box="[691,854,1699,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="520" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transmutata">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFF9FFF4FD35F90B2702F942" box="[691,854,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">P. transmutata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFF9FFF4FC0AF90B207BF943" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1893" box="[908,1071,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="520" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguifascia">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFF9FFF4FC0AF90B207BF943" box="[908,1071,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">P. exiguifascia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="23DCFDD0FFF9FFF4FF41F96E2605F91F" box="[199,593,1734,1761]" pageId="21" pageNumber="520" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="6B79AE5BFFF9FFF4FF41F96E2605F91F" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1797]" box="[199,593,1734,1761]" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFF9FFF4FF41F96E25E7F91E" bold="true" box="[199,435,1734,1760]" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">
|
||
Distribution:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="13D1EECBFFF9FFF4FEECF96E25FAF91E" box="[362,430,1734,1760]" name="India" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A90260B9FFF9FFF4FE3CF96F2619F91F" box="[442,589,1735,1761]" country="India" name="Chhattisgarh" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">Chhattisgarh</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="23DCFDD0FFF9FFF4FF41F94321C2F8FB" box="[199,1430,1771,1797]" pageId="21" pageNumber="520" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="6B79AE5BFFF9FFF4FF41F94321C2F8FB" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1797]" box="[199,1430,1771,1797]" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">
|
||
<emphasis id="59B27249FFF9FFF4FF41F9432569F8FB" bold="true" box="[199,317,1771,1797]" pageId="21" pageNumber="520">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The new species inhabits lowland mixed deciduous forests having an altitude range of
|
||
<quantity id="AC3E03BEFFF9FFF4FA96F94321C6F8FB" box="[1296,1426,1771,1797]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="520" unit="m" value="450.0" valueMax="600.0" valueMin="300.0">
|
||
300–
|
||
<specimenCount id="7DC065D2FFF9FFF4FACEF94321C6F8FB" box="[1352,1426,1771,1797]" pageId="21" pageNumber="520" type="generic">600 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |