treatments-xml/data/E3/6F/1F/E36F1F4DFFE0FFEDFF11FCEA211AF9FD.xml
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<document id="E20D1638D20EF58780FC24F60EAF0ECC" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5323.4.3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8212358" ID-ZooBank="0001D6C5-9616-44A3-98F4-CE4CCA0F2826" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1691079196028" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Singh, Manpreet, Raha, Angshuman, Mallick, Kaushik, Kirti, Jagbir Singh &amp; Singh, Navneet" docDate="2023" docId="E36F1F4DFFE0FFEDFF11FCEA211AF9FD" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5323.4.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5323 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Plutodes exquisita Butler 1880" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="511" masterDocId="1F566735FFECFFE1FF86FFA82454FFFE" masterDocTitle="A review of the genus Plutodes Guenée (Geometridae: Ennominae) from India with description of one new species" masterLastPageNumber="523" masterPageNumber="499" pageNumber="511" updateTime="1691079622679" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="4A7320D275F25F695C0D559B4921A15A">A review of the genus Plutodes Guenée (Geometridae: Ennominae) from India with description of one new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="497ACEACBE18254474F5F36AE18B9526">Singh, Manpreet</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D374EABBA92C7DEEBE9D52B76453B804">Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata- 700053, West Bengal, India &amp; Department of Zoology &amp; Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala- 147002, Punjab, India &amp; manpreet 500777 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7538 - 3147</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="52A5B789DB4AC8AF4BCC472D6182CF8A">Raha, Angshuman</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DA7E3423C561D1F7D82BA0B3B0FEA6ED">Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata- 700053, West Bengal, India &amp; adroitangshuman @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6992 - 7056</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="162373636D557D28642786ACE5B7227F">Mallick, Kaushik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="683CD5B15C29D0CA6CB17AD8E054D0BF">Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata- 700053, West Bengal, India &amp; kaushik 11. cc @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7376 - 2776</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E23986D5842225D60A8E9BF3478D6D7D">Kirti, Jagbir Singh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FAD54EC7DF73DE017D0312DDB11EC16D">Department of Zoology &amp; Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala- 147002, Punjab, India &amp; prjagbir 2005 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9670 - 5931</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="66F1E918577DCC6EDDCDE1B258E2B09A">Singh, Navneet</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="28B10314710643288922DF333A8A7174">Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata- 700053, West Bengal, India &amp; nsgill 007 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6657 - 7983</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="EB52E803BA8EBD8FE8C671F74267438B">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="E36F1F4DFFE0FFEDFF11FCEA211AF9FD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E36F1F4DFFE0FFEDFF11FCEA211AF9FD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E36F1F4DFFE0FFEDFF11FCEA211AF9FD" lastPageNumber="511" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">
<subSubSection id="23DCFDD0FFE0FFEDFF11FCEA261BFCA2" box="[151,591,834,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="511" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6B79AE5BFFE0FFEDFF11FCEA261BFCA2" blockId="12.[151,591,834,897]" box="[151,591,834,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">
<heading id="30311937FFE0FFEDFF11FCEA261BFCA2" bold="true" box="[151,591,834,861]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="511" reason="1">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="4BD68975FFE0FFEDFF11FCEA261BFCA2" box="[151,591,834,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">
<treatmentCitation id="EA67884AFFE0FFEDFF11FCEA261BFCA2" author="Butler, A. G." box="[151,591,834,861]" page="223" pageId="12" pageNumber="511" year="1880">
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFE0FFEDFF11FCEA261BFCA2" ID-CoL="77RCS" ID-ENA="2975517" authority="Butler, 1880: 223" authorityName="Butler" authorityPageNumber="223" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,591,834,861]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exquisita">
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE0FFEDFF11FCEA261BFCA2" bold="true" box="[151,591,834,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE0FFEDFF11FCEA2520FCA3" bold="true" box="[151,372,834,861]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">Plutodes exquisita</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0F57D3AAFFE0FFEDFEFDFCEB261BFCA2" author="Butler, A. G." box="[379,591,834,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="511" pagination="214 - 230" refId="ref13011" refString="Butler, A. G. (1880) Descriptions of new Species of Asiatic Lepidoptera Heterocera. The Annals and magazine of natural history, 6, 214 - 230. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938009458925" type="journal article" year="1880">Butler, 1880: 223</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="23DCFDD0FFE0FFEDFF11FCCF262AFC3D" pageId="12" pageNumber="511" type="description">
<paragraph id="6B79AE5BFFE0FFEDFF11FCCF2505FC7F" blockId="12.[151,591,834,897]" box="[151,337,870,897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">
(
<figureCitation id="F3FDB2DEFFE0FFEDFF19FCCF2574FC7F" box="[159,288,870,897]" captionStart="FIGURES 1017" captionStartId="11.[152,270,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[213,1383,192,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[204,1383,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 1017. Habitus of Plutodes spp. 1011, P. nilgirica, male, Kalakad WLS (Image source, Dr. D. Sţning); 1213, P. subcaudata, male, Darjeeling (Image source, Dr. D. Sţning); 1415, P. exquisita, female, Singtam; 1617, P. flavescens, male, Singtam. Ventral sides: 11, 13, 15, 17." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8212364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8212364/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">Figs 1415</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="F3FDB2DEFFE0FFEDFEAAFCCF251DFC7F" box="[300,329,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURES 3743" captionStartId="18.[152,270,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[162,1436,192,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-23@18.[151,1436,181,1856]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 3743. Genitalia of Plutodes spp. 3739, P. nilgirica, male, Munnar: 37, ventral view, 38, valva, 39, aedeagus (vesica not everted); 4041, P. subcaudata, male, Rishop: 40, ventral view, 41, aedeagus; 42, ditto, female, Ravangla; 43, P. exquisita, female, Singtam (corpus bursae torn). (diagnostic characters indicated by black lines)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8212372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8212372/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">43</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B79AE5BFFE0FFEDFF11FC03262AFC3D" blockId="12.[151,638,939,963]" box="[151,638,939,963]" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE0FFEDFF11FC032495FC3D" bold="true" box="[151,193,939,963]" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">TL:</emphasis>
Darjiling [Darjeeling] (
<collectingRegion id="A90260B9FFE0FFEDFE34FC032662FC3D" box="[434,566,939,963]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="13D1EECBFFE0FFEDFDC7FC032623FC3D" box="[577,631,939,963]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">India</collectingCountry>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="23DCFDD0FFE0FFEDFF11FC59255EFBD1" pageId="12" pageNumber="511" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="6B79AE5BFFE0FFEDFF11FC59255EFBD1" blockId="12.[151,1437,1009,1539]" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE0FFEDFF11FC5925DEFBF5" bold="true" box="[151,394,1009,1035]" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="DBAEA406FFE0FFEDFE1EFC592553FBD1" collectingDate="2019-07-26" collectorName="M. Singh" country="India" location="Gangtok dist." pageId="12" pageNumber="511" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Sikkim">
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE0FFEDFE1EFC59258CFBF5" bold="true" box="[408,472,1009,1035]" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">
<collectingCountry id="13D1EECBFFE0FFEDFE1EFC59258CFBF5" box="[408,472,1009,1035]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">India</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE0FFEDFE6BFC592617FBF5" bold="true" box="[493,579,1009,1035]" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">
<collectingRegion id="A90260B9FFE0FFEDFE6BFC592617FBF5" box="[493,579,1009,1035]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
,
<location id="6E19F880FFE0FFEDFDDEFC5926AEFBF5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E36F1F4DFFE0FFEDFF11FCEA211AF9FD:6E19F880FFE0FFEDFDDEFC5926AEFBF5" box="[600,762,1009,1035]" country="India" name="Gangtok dist." pageId="12" pageNumber="511" stateProvince="Sikkim">Gangtok dist.</location>
:
<specimenCount id="7DC065D2FFE0FFEDFC8AFC592769FBF2" box="[780,829,1009,1036]" pageId="12" pageNumber="511" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Singtam,
<date id="1F78889BFFE0FFEDFC42FC592013FBF5" box="[964,1095,1009,1035]" pageId="12" pageNumber="511" value="2019-07-26">
<collectingDate id="0F3C7173FFE0FFEDFC42FC592013FBF5" box="[964,1095,1009,1035]" pageId="12" pageNumber="511" value="2019-07-26">26.vii.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="C633CB8DFFE0FFEDFB16FC5A20ABFBF5" box="[1168,1279,1009,1036]" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">M. Singh</collectorName>
(13664/H10, NZCZSI)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="23DCFDD0FFE0FFEDFF41FB912653FA45" pageId="12" pageNumber="511" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="6B79AE5BFFE0FFEDFF41FB912653FA45" blockId="12.[151,1437,1009,1539]" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE0FFEDFF41FB912510FBAD" bold="true" box="[199,324,1081,1107]" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Forewing length:
<specimenCount id="7DC065D2FFE0FFEDFD8DFB922674FBAA" box="[523,544,1082,1108]" pageId="12" pageNumber="511" type="female"></specimenCount>
<quantity id="AC3E03BEFFE0FFEDFDA3FB912620FBAA" box="[549,628,1081,1108]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="511" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
. Externally,
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFE0FFEDFD7DFB92272DFBAD" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1880" box="[763,889,1082,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exquisita">
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE0FFEDFD7DFB92272DFBAD" box="[763,889,1082,1107]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">P.exquisita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closely similar to the Indonesian
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFE0FFEDFB7BFB9224E5FB89" authority="St" authorityName="St" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dintelmanni">
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE0FFEDFB7BFB9221C8FBAD" box="[1277,1436,1081,1107]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">P.dintelmanni</emphasis>
St
</taxonomicName>
̧ning, 2013: 254 (figs 12), but can be easily distinguished by the forewing with a conspicuously smaller basal patch and a hindwing with a distinct black tornal eye-spot and joined distal and basal patches.
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFE0FFEDFB28FB2921C8FB65" box="[1198,1436,1153,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dintelmanni">
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE0FFEDFB28FB2921C8FB65" box="[1198,1436,1153,1179]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">Plutodes dintelmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks the tornal eye and the basal and distal patches on hindwing are distinctly apart. Additionally, in
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFE0FFEDFA92FB0E21C1FB41" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1880" box="[1300,1429,1190,1215]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exquisita">
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE0FFEDFA92FB0E21C1FB41" box="[1300,1429,1190,1215]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">P. exquisita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the crenulate dentate line is strongly developed inside the outer patch of both wings, whereas it is weakly developed in
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFE0FFEDFF33FB462503FAF9" box="[181,343,1261,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dintelmanni">
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE0FFEDFF33FB462503FAF9" box="[181,343,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">P. dintelmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the male genitalia, both the species are extremely similar except in the shape of sacculus and the claw-like processes, and the number, size and arrangement of the cornuti on the vesica (Sţning 2013). In
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFE0FFEDFA0EFABA24A8FAB1" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1880" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exquisita">
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE0FFEDFA0EFABA24A8FAB1" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">P. exquisita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the female genitalia have the corpus bursae elliptical, with a large patch of scobination and a pair of weakly crescent-shaped scobinated fields proximally. Also, the ductus bursae is long and narrow with broad antrum. In
<taxonomicName id="ACC6D5D8FFE0FFEDFF32FAD62500FA69" box="[180,340,1405,1431]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Plutodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dintelmanni">
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE0FFEDFF32FAD62500FA69" box="[180,340,1405,1431]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">P. dintelmanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the corpus bursae is globular and membranous, with a pair of prominent crescent-shaped proximal scobinated areas (Sţning 2013).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="23DCFDD0FFE0FFEDFF41FA6D211AF9FD" pageId="12" pageNumber="511" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="6B79AE5BFFE0FFEDFF41FA6D211AF9FD" blockId="12.[151,1437,1009,1539]" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE0FFEDFF41FA6D25E7FA21" bold="true" box="[199,435,1477,1503]" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">
Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="13D1EECBFFE0FFEDFEECFA6D25FAFA21" box="[362,430,1477,1503]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">India</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="A90260B9FFE0FFEDFE3DFA6D266EFA21" box="[443,570,1477,1503]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">Meghalaya</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="A90260B9FFE0FFEDFDC0FA6D26E4FA21" box="[582,688,1477,1503]" country="India" name="Mizoram" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">Mizoram</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="A90260B9FFE0FFEDFD3DFA6D275BFA21" box="[699,783,1477,1503]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="A90260B9FFE0FFEDFC9CFA6E27FCFA21" box="[794,936,1477,1504]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0F57D3AAFFE0FFEDFC3EFA6D2016FA21" author="Butler, A. G." box="[952,1090,1477,1503]" pageId="12" pageNumber="511" pagination="214 - 230" refId="ref13011" refString="Butler, A. G. (1880) Descriptions of new Species of Asiatic Lepidoptera Heterocera. The Annals and magazine of natural history, 6, 214 - 230. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938009458925" type="journal article" year="1880">Butler 1880</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="0F57D3AAFFE0FFEDFBC8FA6D2103FA21" author="Cotes, E. C. &amp; Swinhoe, C." box="[1102,1367,1477,1503]" pageId="12" pageNumber="511" refId="ref13228" refString="Cotes, E. C. &amp; Swinhoe, C. (1887) Catalogue of the Moths of India. Part. I. Sphinges. Printed by Order of the trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 812 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10967" type="book" year="1887">Cotes &amp; Swinhoe 1887</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="0F57D3AAFFE0FFEDFAE5FA6D2546F9FD" author="Joshi, R. &amp; Pathania, P. C. &amp; Das, A. &amp; Mazumder, A. &amp; Ranjan, R. &amp; Singh, N." pageId="12" pageNumber="511" pagination="511 - 576" refId="ref13784" refString="Joshi, R., Pathania, P. C., Das, A., Mazumder, A., Ranjan, R. &amp; Singh, N. (2021) Insecta: Lepidoptera: Heterocera (Moths). In: Faunal Diversity of Biogeographic Zones of India: North-East. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, pp. 511 - 576." type="book chapter" year="2021">
Joshi
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE0FFEDFF11FA42249BF9FD" box="[151,207,1513,1539]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="59B27249FFE0FFEDFEA3FA4125D4F9FD" bold="true" box="[293,384,1513,1539]" pageId="12" pageNumber="511">Global:</emphasis>
China, Nepal, Thailand (
<bibRefCitation id="0F57D3AAFFE0FFEDFD1CFA41277EF9FD" author="Yazaki, K." box="[666,810,1513,1539]" pageId="12" pageNumber="511" pagination="5 - 40" refId="ref15666" refString="Yazaki, K. (1994) Geometridae. In: Haruta, T. (Ed.), Moths of Nepal. Part 3. Tinea 14 (Supplement 1). The Japan Heterocerists' Society, Tokyo, pp. 5 - 40." type="book chapter" year="1994">Yazaki 1994</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="0F57D3AAFFE0FFEDFCB3FA41206FF9FD" author="Kendrick, R. C. &amp; Ades, G. W. J." box="[821,1083,1513,1539]" pageId="12" pageNumber="511" refId="ref13852" refString="Kendrick, R. C. &amp; Ades, G. W. J. (2004) Hong Kong Fauna: A Checklist of Selected Taxa, Second edition. Fauna Conservation Department, Kadoorie Farm &amp; Botanic Garden Corporation, Lam Kam Road, Tai Po, Hong Kong, 84 pp." type="book" year="2004">Kendrick &amp; Ades 2004</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="0F57D3AAFFE0FFEDFBC0FA412116F9FD" author="Kocak, A. O. &amp; Kemal, M." box="[1094,1346,1513,1539]" pageId="12" pageNumber="511" pagination="1 - 186" refId="ref14044" refString="Kocak, A. O. &amp; Kemal, M. (2010) Lepidoptera of Thailand. Cesa News, 60, 1 - 186." type="journal article" year="2010">Koçak &amp; Kemal 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>