treatments-xml/data/60/68/31/60683126AC6CFFACFF6FFD6EFBEEFE38.xml
2024-06-21 12:38:05 +02:00

265 lines
31 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="5CFEDD095A78B8F8C6128832B7B9AF3C" ID-DOI="10.21248/contrib.entomol.63.2.283-296" ID-ISSN="0005-805X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10110814" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630265096762" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Menzel, Frank, Vilkamaa, Pekka &amp; Smith, Jane E." docDate="2013" docId="60683126AC6CFFACFF6FFD6EFBEEFE38" docLanguage="en" docName="ContribEntomol.2013.63.2.283-296.pdf" docOrigin="Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 63 (2)" docSource="https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/1842" docStyle="DocumentStyle:05A48F5F6902F879680B6E64765AA512.2:ContribEntomol.2013-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="05A48F5F6902F879680B6E64765AA512" docStyleName="ContribEntomol.2013-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Bradysia forficulata" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="286" masterDocId="9C51495EAC6FFFAFFFD2FFE8FFABFFD9" masterDocTitle="Overview of the Black Fungus Gnats from the Tristan da Cunha archipelago, including a redescription of Hyperlasion viridiventris (FREY) (Diptera: Sciaroidea: Sciaridae)" masterLastPageNumber="296" masterPageNumber="283" pageNumber="286" updateTime="1699682617698" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="AD9911DE8FDACB4874D29EA7350DE026" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="7DAC1DD47E039704E7AD95E92C944D31">
<mods:title id="93CF9C3ED7B5460CC08046EC1FE39AAD">Overview of the Black Fungus Gnats from the Tristan da Cunha archipelago, including a redescription of Hyperlasion viridiventris (FREY) (Diptera: Sciaroidea: Sciaridae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="B63F570488A156ECDEC6974FDA38BFB2" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C376236CFCFDBB817D5678D5275B23F6">
<mods:roleTerm id="282368BB51B778569CB1A3F6CB7505A0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="AB7B2268A3135B12010EE2EF3CD27A27">Menzel, Frank</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E934D120D7BE01B50D7C381A0CC3F482" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B69956CE36B23780CFBE0780A1087A33">
<mods:roleTerm id="1E882B62CE7C9FB9A2C7B0DFDB7C97FF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9653B12034AAC1B3E7F6B4A791F5B64E">Vilkamaa, Pekka</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="8BCFB08C6C85CCBD7974939D4488A48E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="73072D66D45BD5F9A24F1620549F1216">
<mods:roleTerm id="0860D72ED0F6E5209B478D4F1B9E3258">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="922C51248EFFE0C4C555ED8BA3F9F96F">Smith, Jane E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="8AE86ED79A7E4D991D65570473FE354C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="43B44B973CA7DFCDAED8BE57CDBD4712" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="BCB9D46B88A3107B1CB4EC7203B5676B">
<mods:title id="278CF55CC00F44BCB3A3FA3606552FD6">Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="45C31C44405396EFD925C1971A5F9A49">
<mods:date id="1C482C577A23FE3316937B2BBCC0C7A2">2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="422B4F2B8CAE632270DDE46D1473A4B9" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="67ED48F6FE5B2C5C3816D826F77CF51D">2013-12-20</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="928D1729B522F065FC4637B6741161BA" type="volume">
<mods:number id="EBDFA9CCC0CC45E1DF0A613D037BE90D">63</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="F7DB7921C1BD1E420BFF33D80852758C" type="issue">
<mods:number id="74FB9278B702B25CBC03D070FE106E6E">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="2BE27849C6CECB87C9B9DAD1CC1FCE02" unit="page">
<mods:start id="78C9DAE724A21F3A87F5FC0702EAA836">283</mods:start>
<mods:end id="677AC07490C486433CEACC3A65891303">296</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="D0DC2BE40CCB14125F401780071011D5">
<mods:url id="074DB42C495475B47473A6636EA77C3D">https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/1842</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="454FC5FE013A8B723A215014A9DFD763">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="404D7BA2EEDCE333961F2181F0F9C118" type="DOI">10.21248/contrib.entomol.63.2.283-296</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F76D0FC8483B951CA386D1CF850FDA86" type="ISSN">0005-805X</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="14C9F177B7180706150B91EDBC4D17CA" type="Zenodo-Dep">10110814</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="60683126AC6CFFACFF6FFD6EFBEEFE38" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:60683126AC6CFFACFF6FFD6EFBEEFE38" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/60683126AC6CFFACFF6FFD6EFBEEFE38" lastPageNumber="286" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
<subSubSection id="A0DBD3BBAC6CFFACFF6FFD6EFDA5FD78" box="[189,526,646,673]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC6CFFACFF6FFD6EFDA5FD78" blockId="3.[189,526,646,704]" box="[189,526,646,673]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
<heading id="B336375CAC6CFFACFF6FFD6EFDA5FD78" box="[189,526,646,673]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFF6FFD6EFDA5FD78" ID-CoL="8B98R" authority="(BEZZI, 1914)" baseAuthorityName="BEzzi" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[189,526,646,673]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forficulata">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFF6FFD6EFE28FD78" box="[189,387,646,673]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Bradysia forficulata</emphasis>
(BEZZI, 1914)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A0DBD3BBAC6CFFACFF6FFD42FEA4FCD8" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" type="description">
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC6CFFACFF6FFD42FEBAFD19" blockId="3.[189,526,646,704]" box="[189,273,682,704]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
(
<figureCitation id="70FA9CB5AC6CFFACFF13FD42FEA0FD19" box="[193,267,682,704]" captionStart="Figs 17" captionStartId="4.[189,229,1935,1957]" captionTargetBox="[348,1275,579,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-265@4.[340,892,1010,1451]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 17: Bradysia forficulata (BEZZI), male (Figs 13): Fig. 1: Hypopygium in ventral view; Fig. 2: Right gonostyle in ventral view; Fig. 3: 4th flagellomere in lateral view. Bradysia tilicola (LOEW), male (Figs 4, 5); Fig. 4: Hypopygium in ventral view; Fig. 5: Apical part of left gonostyle in ventral view. Cosmosciara perniciosa (EDWARDS), male (Figs 6, 7); Fig. 6: Hypopygium in ventral view; Fig. 7: Apical part of right gonostyle in ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10110820" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10110820/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Figs 13</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC6CFFACFF45FD01FEA4FCD8" blockId="3.[151,756,745,833]" box="[151,271,745,769]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFF45FD01FEA4FCD8" bold="true" box="[151,271,745,769]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Synonyms:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A0DBD3BBAC6CFFACFF45FCE2FEC8FC58" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC6CFFACFF45FCE2FECDFC98" blockId="3.[151,756,745,833]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
=
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFF63FCE1FDADFCF8" ID-CoL="894SM" authority="JOHANNSEN, 1929" authorityName="JOHANNSEN" authorityYear="1929" box="[177,518,777,801]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luravi">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFF63FCE1FE92FCF8" box="[177,313,777,801]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Sciara luravi</emphasis>
JOHANNSEN, 1929
</taxonomicName>
; =
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFDFDFCE1FEC9FC98" ID-CoL="883D8" authority="TUOMIKOSKI, 1960" authorityName="TUOMIKOSKI" authorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturna">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFDFDFCE1FD5FFCF8" box="[559,756,777,801]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Bradysia nocturna</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFF45FCC1FEC9FC98" author="TUOMIKOSKI, R." box="[151,354,809,833]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref12193" refString="TUOMIKOSKI, R. 1960: Zur Kenntnis der Sciariden (Dipt.) Finnlands. - Annales Zoologici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae ' Vanamo' 21 (4): 1 - 164." type="journal article" year="1960">TUOMIKOSKI, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC6CFFACFF45FC81FEC8FC58" blockId="3.[151,756,873,1185]" box="[151,355,873,897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFF45FC81FEC8FC58" bold="true" box="[151,355,873,897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Selected literature:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A0DBD3BBAC6CFFACFF45FC62FD6CFB78" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" type="description">
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC6CFFACFF45FC62FD6CFB78" blockId="3.[151,756,873,1185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFF62FC61FE20FC78" author="TUOMIKOSKI, R." box="[176,395,905,929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref12193" refString="TUOMIKOSKI, R. 1960: Zur Kenntnis der Sciariden (Dipt.) Finnlands. - Annales Zoologici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae ' Vanamo' 21 (4): 1 - 164." type="journal article" year="1960">TUOMIKOSKI (1960)</bibRefCitation>
: 139 and 141, fig. 32f [as
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFD7FFC61FEB7FC18" authorityName="TUOMIKOSKI" authorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturna">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFD7FFC61FEB7FC18" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Bradysia nocturna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
];
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFE99FC41FDABFC18" author="FREEMAN, P." box="[331,512,937,961]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" pagination="77 - 80" refId="ref10216" refString="FREEMAN, P. 1962: Diptera Nematocera from Gough Island, South Atlantic. - Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (Series B) 31 (5 - 6): 77 - 80." type="journal article" year="1962">FREEMAN (1962)</bibRefCitation>
: 79 [as
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFD86FC41FD4EFC18" box="[596,741,937,961]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFD86FC41FD04FC18" box="[596,687,937,961]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Bradysia</emphasis>
sp. 1
</taxonomicName>
];
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFF62FC21FED1FC38" author="HOLDGATE, M. W." box="[176,378,969,993]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" pagination="361 - 402" refId="ref10861" refString="HOLDGATE, M. W. 1965: The biological report of the Royal Society Expedition to Tristan da Cunha, 1962. Part III. The fauna of the Tristan da Cunha Islands. - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (Series B) 249: 361 - 402." type="journal article" year="1965">HOLDGATE (1965)</bibRefCitation>
: 383 and 396 [in part as
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFD4BFC21FF1CFBD8" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFD4BFC21FD5FFC38" box="[665,756,969,993]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Bradysia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
];
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFF32FC01FDADFBD8" author="MOHRIG, W. &amp; MENZEL, F." box="[224,518,1001,1025]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" pagination="267 - 291" refId="ref11636" refString="MOHRIG, W. &amp; MENZEL, F. 1993: Revision der palaarktischen Arten der Bradysia brunnipes - Gruppe (Diptera, Sciaridae). - Bonner Zoologische Beitrage 44 (3 - 4): 267 - 291." type="journal article" year="1993">MOHRIG &amp; MENZEL (1993)</bibRefCitation>
: 270 and 283, fig. 15d;
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFF67FBE2FE5CFBF8" author="MENZEL, F. &amp; MOHRIG, W." box="[181,503,1033,1057]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" refId="ref11449" refString="MENZEL, F. &amp; MOHRIG, W. 2000: Revision der palaarktischen Trauermucken (Diptera: Sciaridae). - Studia dipterologica Supplement 6 (1999): 761 pp." type="book" year="2000">MENZEL &amp; MOHRIG (2000)</bibRefCitation>
: 141;
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFD8BFBE1FF4BFB98" author="GASTON, K. J. &amp; JONES, A. G. &amp; HANEL, C. &amp; CHOWN, S. L." pageId="3" pageNumber="286" pagination="1091 - 1098" refId="ref10429" refString="GASTON, K. J.; JONES, A. G.; HANEL, C. &amp; CHOWN, S. L. 2003: Rates of species introduction to a remote oceanic island. - Proceedings of the Royal Society of London (Series B) 270: 1091 - 1098." type="journal article" year="2003">GASTON et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
: 1095;
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFEECFBC1FDADFB98" author="JONES, A. G. &amp; CHOWN, S. L. &amp; WEBB, T. J. &amp; GASTON, K. J." box="[318,518,1065,1089]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" pagination="213 - 273" refId="ref10980" refString="JONES, A. G.; CHOWN, S. L.; WEBB, T. J. &amp; GASTON, K. J. 2003: The free-living pterygote insects of Gough Island, South Atlantic Ocean. - Systematics and Biodiversity 1 (2): 213 - 273." type="journal article" year="2003">JONES et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
: 241 and 246, fig. 28b;
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFF7CFBA2FE3EFBB8" author="MENZEL, F. &amp; SMITH, J. E. &amp; CHANDLER, P. J." box="[174,405,1097,1121]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref11580" refString="MENZEL, F.; SMITH, J. E. &amp; CHANDLER, P. J. 2006: The sciarid fauna of the British Isles (Diptera: Sciaridae), including descriptions of six new species. - Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 146 (1): 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="2006">MENZEL et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
: 53 [all as
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFDD8FBA1FD65FBB8" authorityName="TUOMIKOSKI" authorityYear="1960" box="[522,718,1097,1121]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturna">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFDD8FBA1FD65FBB8" box="[522,718,1097,1121]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Bradysia nocturna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
];
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFF45FB82FE01FB58" author="HELLER, K. &amp; WEBER, D." box="[151,426,1129,1153]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" refId="ref10798" refString="HELLER, K. &amp; WEBER, D. 2013: Trauermucken (Diptera: Sciaridae) aus Hohlen des Grossherzogtums Luxemburg. - Pp. 320 - 336. - In: WEBER, D. (ed.): Die Hohlenfauna Luxemburgs. - Ferrantia 69: 408 pp.; Luxembourg: Musee national d'histoire naturelle du Luxembourg." type="book" year="2013">HELLER &amp; WEBER (2013)</bibRefCitation>
: 321, figs 4, 5;
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFDB2FB81FF4BFB78" author="MOHRIG, W. &amp; HELLER, K. &amp; HIPPA, H. &amp; VILKAMAA, P. &amp; MENZEL, F." pageId="3" pageNumber="286" pagination="141 - 286" refId="ref11677" refString="MOHRIG, W.; HELLER, K.; HIPPA, H.; VILKAMAA, P. &amp; MENZEL, F. 2013: Revision of Black Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) of North America. - Studia dipterologica 19 (1 - 2) (2012): 141 - 286." type="journal article" year="2013">MOHRIG et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
: 159, figs 10a, 10b [all as
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFE38FB61FD13FB78" baseAuthorityName="BEzzi" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[490,696,1161,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forficulata">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFE38FB61FD13FB78" box="[490,696,1161,1185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Bradysia forficulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A0DBD3BBAC6CFFACFF45FB21FD01FAF8" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC6CFFACFF45FB21FE4FFB38" blockId="3.[151,756,1225,1313]" box="[151,484,1225,1249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFF45FB21FE4FFB38" bold="true" box="[151,484,1225,1249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Material from the archipelago:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC6CFFACFF45FB01FD01FAF8" blockId="3.[151,756,1225,1313]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
Only known from the literature (
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFE2EFB01FD0BFAD8" author="FREEMAN, P." box="[508,672,1257,1281]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" pagination="77 - 80" refId="ref10216" refString="FREEMAN, P. 1962: Diptera Nematocera from Gough Island, South Atlantic. - Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (Series B) 31 (5 - 6): 77 - 80." type="journal article" year="1962">FREEMAN 1962</bibRefCitation>
,
<collectionCode id="8ED018F5AC6CFFACFD7FFB01FF65FAF8" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">HOLD- GATE</collectionCode>
1965,
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFEC1FAE1FE74FAF8" author="GASTON, K. J. &amp; JONES, A. G. &amp; HANEL, C. &amp; CHOWN, S. L." box="[275,479,1289,1313]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" pagination="1091 - 1098" refId="ref10429" refString="GASTON, K. J.; JONES, A. G.; HANEL, C. &amp; CHOWN, S. L. 2003: Rates of species introduction to a remote oceanic island. - Proceedings of the Royal Society of London (Series B) 270: 1091 - 1098." type="journal article" year="2003">GASTON et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFE38FAE1FD34FAF8" author="JONES, A. G. &amp; CHOWN, S. L. &amp; WEBB, T. J. &amp; GASTON, K. J." box="[490,671,1289,1313]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" pagination="213 - 273" refId="ref10980" refString="JONES, A. G.; CHOWN, S. L.; WEBB, T. J. &amp; GASTON, K. J. 2003: The free-living pterygote insects of Gough Island, South Atlantic Ocean. - Systematics and Biodiversity 1 (2): 213 - 273." type="journal article" year="2003">JONES et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A0DBD3BBAC6CFFACFF45FAA1FD63F978" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC6CFFACFF45FAA1FE8CFAB8" blockId="3.[151,756,1353,1697]" box="[151,295,1353,1377]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFF45FAA1FE8CFAB8" bold="true" box="[151,295,1353,1377]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Distribution:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC6CFFACFF45FA81FD63F978" blockId="3.[151,756,1353,1697]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
<materialsCitation id="58A98A6DAC6CFFACFF45FA81FD6FF978" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland" county="Europe" location="Also" municipality="European" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="7" stateProvince="Alberta">
Cosmopolitan. Common and widely distributed in
<collectingCounty id="011FF8BCAC6CFFACFF45FA62FF4FFA78" box="[151,228,1418,1441]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Europe</collectingCounty>
(
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFF20FA61FEE5F9D8" isEnumeration="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFEB6FA01FE03F9D8" box="[356,424,1513,1537]" name="Russia" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Russia</collectingCountry>
[
<collectingMunicipality id="081A1A4AAC6CFFACFE12FA02FD80F9D8" box="[448,555,1514,1537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">European</collectingMunicipality>
territory],
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFD6AFA01FD5FF9D8" box="[696,756,1513,1537]" name="Spain" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Spain</collectingCountry>
[mainland],
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFEF7F9E1FED2F9F8" box="[293,377,1545,1569]" name="Sweden" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Sweden</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFE59F9E1FDA6F9F8" box="[395,525,1545,1569]" name="Switzerland" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
).
<location id="ED1ED6EBAC6CFFACFDF4F9E1FDFCF9F8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:60683126AC6CFFACFF6FFD6EFBEEFE38:ED1ED6EBAC6CFFACFDF4F9E1FDFCF9F8" box="[550,599,1545,1569]" country="Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland" county="Europe" municipality="European" name="Also" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Alberta">Also</location>
known from
<location id="ED1ED6EBAC6CFFACFF45F9C1FEEAF998" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:60683126AC6CFFACFF6FFD6EFBEEFE38:ED1ED6EBAC6CFFACFF45F9C1FEEAF998" box="[151,321,1577,1601]" country="Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland" county="Europe" municipality="European" name="North America" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Alberta">North America</location>
(
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFE84F9C1FE07F998" box="[342,428,1577,1601]" name="Canada" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Canada</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="2A054ED2AC6CFFACFE6EF9C1FDA4F998" box="[444,527,1577,1601]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Alberta</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="2A054ED2AC6CFFACFDCDF9C1FD75F998" box="[543,734,1577,1601]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
/ USA: Arizona, California, Georgia, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia).
<location id="ED1ED6EBAC6CFFACFED5F981FDBDF958" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:60683126AC6CFFACFF6FFD6EFBEEFE38:ED1ED6EBAC6CFFACFED5F981FDBDF958" box="[263,534,1641,1665]" country="Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland" county="Europe" municipality="European" name="Outside Holarctic region" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Alberta">Outside Holarctic region</location>
only recorded from
<location id="ED1ED6EBAC6CFFACFF45F961FE83F978" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:60683126AC6CFFACFF6FFD6EFBEEFE38:ED1ED6EBAC6CFFACFF45F961FE83F978" box="[151,296,1673,1697]" country="Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland" county="Europe" municipality="European" name="Gough Island" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Alberta">Gough Island</location>
(
<specimenCount id="FEC74BB9AC6CFFACFEE4F961FEDBF978" box="[310,368,1673,1697]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" type="male">7 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="FEC74BB9AC6CFFACFEA5F961FE1BF978" box="[375,432,1673,1697]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
in the
<collectionCode id="8ED018F5AC6CFFACFE28F962FDE1F978" box="[506,586,1674,1697]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">BMNH</collectionCode>
collection)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A0DBD3BBAC6CFFACFF45F921FF46F8D8" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" type="description">
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC6CFFACFF45F921FF46F8D8" blockId="3.[151,756,1737,1793]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFF45F921FE8BF938" bold="true" box="[151,288,1737,1761]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Description:</emphasis>
See
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFEB6F921FDEEF938" author="TUOMIKOSKI, R." box="[356,581,1737,1761]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref12193" refString="TUOMIKOSKI, R. 1960: Zur Kenntnis der Sciariden (Dipt.) Finnlands. - Annales Zoologici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae ' Vanamo' 21 (4): 1 - 164." type="journal article" year="1960">TUOMIKOSKI (1960)</bibRefCitation>
: 139 and 141, fig.
<specimenCount id="FEC74BB9AC6CFFACFF6DF901FF46F8D8" box="[191,237,1769,1793]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" type="generic">32 f.</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A0DBD3BBAC6CFFACFF45F8C1FBEEFE38" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC6CFFACFF45F8C1FEBDF898" blockId="3.[151,757,1833,2081]" box="[151,278,1833,1857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFF45F8C1FEBDF898" bold="true" box="[151,278,1833,1857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Discussion:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC6CFFACFF45F8A2FBEEFE38" blockId="3.[151,757,1833,2081]" lastBlockId="3.[794,1400,233,481]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFF45F8A2FE1CF8B8" author="HELLER, K. &amp; WEBER, D." box="[151,439,1865,1889]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" refId="ref10798" refString="HELLER, K. &amp; WEBER, D. 2013: Trauermucken (Diptera: Sciaridae) aus Hohlen des Grossherzogtums Luxemburg. - Pp. 320 - 336. - In: WEBER, D. (ed.): Die Hohlenfauna Luxemburgs. - Ferrantia 69: 408 pp.; Luxembourg: Musee national d'histoire naturelle du Luxembourg." type="book" year="2013">HELLER &amp; WEBER (2013)</bibRefCitation>
consider
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFDFEF8A1FEB4F858" authority="TUOMIKOSKI" authorityName="TUOMIKOSKI" authorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturna">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFDFEF8A1FD5FF8B8" box="[556,756,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Bradysia nocturna</emphasis>
TUOMIKOSKI
</taxonomicName>
as junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFDF0F881FE9BF878" authority="(BEZZI, 1914)" baseAuthorityName="BEzzi" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forficulata">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFDF0F881FD5FF858" box="[546,756,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Bradysia forficulata</emphasis>
(BEZZI, 1914)
</taxonomicName>
. The genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFE2FF862FDF6F878" authorityName="TUOMIKOSKI" authorityYear="1960" box="[509,605,1930,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturna">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFE2FF862FDF6F878" box="[509,605,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">nocturna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFD74F861FF14F818" baseAuthorityName="BEzzi" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forficulata">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFD74F861FF14F818" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">forficulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are in fact identical, only in
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFE2EF841FDC2F818" baseAuthorityName="BEzzi" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[508,617,1961,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forficulata">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFE2EF841FDC2F818" box="[508,617,1961,1985]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">forficulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the legs and antennae are elongated and the individuals are larger as a result of adaptation to life in caves.
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFDDDF801FD75F7D8" baseAuthorityName="BEzzi" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[527,734,2025,2049]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forficulata">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFDDDF801FD75F7D8" box="[527,734,2025,2049]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Bradysia forficulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distributed through the whole of Europe and is also pre- sent in North America, including caves (REEVES 2000,
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFCC8FEE1FC4AFEF8" author="REEVES, W. K. &amp; JENSEN, J. B. &amp; OZIER, J. C." box="[794,993,265,289]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" pagination="169 - 179" refId="ref11771" refString="REEVES, W. K.; JENSEN, J. B. &amp; OZIER, J. C. 2000: New faunal and fungal records from caves in Georgia, USA. - Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 62 (3): 169 - 179." type="journal article" year="2000">REEVES et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
). Additionally, it seems that
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFADFFEE2FCE9FE98" baseAuthorityName="BEzzi" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forficulata">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFADFFEE2FCE9FE98" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">B. forficulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFCB7FEC2FC4AFE98" authorityName="TUOMIKOSKI" authorityYear="1960" box="[869,993,298,321]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturna">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFCB7FEC2FC4AFE98" box="[869,993,298,321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">B. nocturna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] is able to use microcaves such as burrows of moles, shrews, rabbits and other small mammals as well as of wasps. Burrows of the house mouse (
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFA9BFE82FCD7FE78" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
<collectingRegion id="2A054ED2AC6CFFACFA9BFE82FAD3FE58" box="[1353,1400,362,385]" country="Turkey" name="Mus" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Mus</collectingRegion>
musculus
</emphasis>
), which was introduced on Gough Island in the 19th century, might serve as an appropriate habitat for
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFCC8FE21FBEAFE38" authority="(BEZZI)" baseAuthorityName="BEzzi" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[794,1089,457,481]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forficulata">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFCC8FE21FC43FE38" box="[794,1000,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Bradysia forficulata</emphasis>
(BEZZI)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>