344 lines
38 KiB
XML
344 lines
38 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="45AB290303788B1D6D0DDB99A5FBAD34">Overview of the Black Fungus Gnats from the Tristan da Cunha archipelago, including a redescription of Hyperlasion viridiventris (FREY) (Diptera: Sciaroidea: Sciaridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5A82BF555B11211A7AC72F35AB79A493">Menzel, Frank</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6B91AF3321B47880E8A4E475997BFBC4">Smith, Jane E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E35BD9FC0C7E9AA0224DE9F176AB181C">Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6AA7652955CEC7321717AC63DF3B8A46">2013</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="E87E8030AC6CFFACFCEDFDAEFBC5FDB8" blockId="3.[831,1134,582,640]" box="[831,1134,582,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
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<heading id="B336375CAC6CFFACFCEDFDAEFBC5FDB8" box="[831,1134,582,609]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFCEDFDAEFBC5FDB8" ID-CoL="N5Z4" authority="(LOEW, 1850)" baseAuthorityName="LOEW" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[831,1134,582,609]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tilicola">
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<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFCEDFDAEFC4AFDB8" box="[831,993,582,609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Bradysia tilicola</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFC3CFDAEFBC3FDB8" author="LOEW, H." box="[1006,1128,582,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" refId="ref11247" refString="LOEW, H. 1850: Dipterologische Beitrage 4: 40 pp.; Posen: J. J. Heine." type="book" year="1850">LOEW, 1850</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="A0DBD3BBAC6CFFACFCEDFD82FC39FD18" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E87E8030AC6CFFACFCEDFD82FC39FD59" blockId="3.[831,1134,582,640]" box="[831,914,618,640]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
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(
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<figureCitation id="70FA9CB5AC6CFFACFC96FD82FC27FD59" box="[836,908,618,640]" captionStart="Figs 1–7" captionStartId="4.[189,229,1935,1957]" captionTargetBox="[348,1275,579,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-265@4.[340,892,1010,1451]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 1–7: Bradysia forficulata (BEZZI), male (Figs 1–3): – Fig. 1: Hypopygium in ventral view; – Fig. 2: Right gonostyle in ventral view; – Fig. 3: 4th flagellomere in lateral view. Bradysia tilicola (LOEW), male (Figs 4, 5); – Fig. 4: Hypopygium in ventral view; – Fig. 5: Apical part of left gonostyle in ventral view. Cosmosciara perniciosa (EDWARDS), male (Figs 6, 7); – Fig. 6: Hypopygium in ventral view; – Fig. 7: Apical part of right gonostyle in ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10110820" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10110820/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Figs 4, 5</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E87E8030AC6CFFACFCC8FD41FC39FD18" blockId="3.[794,1399,681,866]" box="[794,914,681,705]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
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<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFCC8FD41FC39FD18" bold="true" box="[794,914,681,705]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Synonyms:</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A0DBD3BBAC6CFFACFCC8FD22FC4EFC78" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="E87E8030AC6CFFACFCC8FD22FAB4FCB8" blockId="3.[794,1399,681,866]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
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=
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<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFCE5FD21FB08FD38" ID-CoL="4VHQW" authority="WINNERTZ, 1867" authorityName="WINNERTZ" authorityYear="1867" box="[823,1187,713,737]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoena">
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<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFCE5FD21FC71FD38" box="[823,986,713,737]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Sciara amoena</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFC35FD22FB08FD38" author="WINNERTZ, J." box="[999,1187,713,737]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" refId="ref12227" refString="WINNERTZ, J. 1867: Beitrag zu einer Monographie der Sciarinen: 187 pp.; Wien: W. Braumuller." type="book" year="1867">WINNERTZ, 1867</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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; =
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<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFB00FD21FC6FFCD8" ID-CoL="894RH" authority="LINTNER, 1895" authorityName="LINTNER" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caldaria">
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<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFB00FD21FADCFD38" box="[1234,1399,713,737]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Sciara caldaria</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFCC8FD02FC6FFCD8" author="LINTNER, J. A." box="[794,964,745,769]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" pagination="391 - 397" refId="ref11199" refString="LINTNER, J. A. 1895: Sciara coprophila n. sp. The Manurefly. (Ord. Diptera: Fam. Mycetophilidae). - Annual Report of the New York State Museum 48 (66) (1894): 391 - 397." type="journal article" year="1895">LINTNER, 1895</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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; =
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<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFC2BFD01FAD9FCD8" ID-CoL="4VHT3" authority="LINTNER, 1895" authorityName="LINTNER" authorityYear="1895" box="[1017,1394,745,769]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coprophila">
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<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFC2BFD01FB1CFCD8" box="[1017,1207,745,769]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Sciara coprophila</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFB1AFD02FAD9FCD8" author="LINTNER, J. A." box="[1224,1394,745,769]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" pagination="391 - 397" refId="ref11199" refString="LINTNER, J. A. 1895: Sciara coprophila n. sp. The Manurefly. (Ord. Diptera: Fam. Mycetophilidae). - Annual Report of the New York State Museum 48 (66) (1894): 391 - 397." type="journal article" year="1895">LINTNER, 1895</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
; =
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||
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFCFDFCE1FBDDFCF8" ID-CoL="4VHZ5" authority="HUTTON, 1902" authorityName="HUTTON" authorityYear="1902" box="[815,1142,777,801]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marcilla">
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||
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFCFDFCE1FC65FCF8" box="[815,974,777,801]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Sciara marcilla</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFC04FCE1FBDDFCF8" author="HUTTON, F. W." box="[982,1142,777,801]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" pagination="179 - 196" refId="ref10915" refString="HUTTON, F. W. 1902: Additions to the Diptera Fauna of New Zealand. - Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 34 (1901): 179 - 196." type="journal article" year="1902">HUTTON, 1902</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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; =
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<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFB49FCE2FC04FC98" ID-CoL="88RRK" authority="PETTEY, 1918" authorityName="PETTEY" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Neosciara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexdentata">
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<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFB49FCE2FADCFCF8" box="[1179,1399,777,801]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Neosciara sexdentata</emphasis>
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PETTEY, 1918
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</taxonomicName>
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; =
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<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFC0AFCC1FADDFC98" ID-CoL="8DTWZ" authority="FREY, 1936" authorityName="FREY" authorityYear="1936" box="[984,1398,809,833]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanella" subGenus="Neosciara">
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<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFC0AFCC1FBB2FC99" box="[984,1049,809,832]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Sciara</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFBFFFCC2FB38FC98" box="[1069,1171,810,833]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Neosciara</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFB75FCC1FB5FFC98" box="[1191,1268,809,833]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">nanella</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFB2DFCC2FADDFC98" author="FREY, R." box="[1279,1398,809,833]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" pagination="1 - 237" refId="ref10284" refString="FREY, R. 1936: Die Dipterenfauna der Kanarischen Inseln und ihre Probleme. I. Verzeichnis der Dipteren der Kanarischen Inseln. - Commentationes biologicae 6 (1): 1 - 237." type="journal article" year="1936">FREY, 1936</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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[more synonyms in
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<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFC3CFCA2FABEFCB8" author="MENZEL, F. & MOHRIG, W." box="[1006,1301,841,865]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" refId="ref11449" refString="MENZEL, F. & MOHRIG, W. 2000: Revision der palaarktischen Trauermucken (Diptera: Sciaridae). - Studia dipterologica Supplement 6 (1999): 761 pp." type="book" year="2000">MENZEL & MOHRIG (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E87E8030AC6CFFACFCC8FC61FC4EFC78" blockId="3.[793,1399,905,1377]" box="[794,997,905,929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
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<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFCC8FC61FC4EFC78" bold="true" box="[794,997,905,929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Selected literature:</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="A0DBD3BBAC6CFFACFCC8FC42FB38FAB8" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E87E8030AC6CFFACFCC8FC42FB38FAB8" blockId="3.[793,1399,905,1377]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
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–
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<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFCE2FC41FC6BFC18" author="LOEW, H." box="[816,960,937,961]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" refId="ref11247" refString="LOEW, H. 1850: Dipterologische Beitrage 4: 40 pp.; Posen: J. J. Heine." type="book" year="1850">LOEW (1850)</bibRefCitation>
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: 18 [as
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<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFBC1FC41FBFFFC19" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1803" box="[1043,1108,937,960]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFBC1FC41FBFFFC19" box="[1043,1108,937,960]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Sciara</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
]; –
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||
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFB50FC42FAECFC18" author="WINNERTZ, J." box="[1154,1351,937,961]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" refId="ref12227" refString="WINNERTZ, J. 1867: Beitrag zu einer Monographie der Sciarinen: 187 pp.; Wien: W. Braumuller." type="book" year="1867">WINNERTZ (1867)</bibRefCitation>
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: 114 [as
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<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFC93FC21FC75FC38" authorityName="WINNERTZ" authorityYear="1867" box="[833,990,969,993]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoena">
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<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFC93FC21FC75FC38" box="[833,990,969,993]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Sciara amoena</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]; –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFBDFFC22FB11FC38" author="LINTNER, J. A." box="[1037,1210,969,993]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" pagination="391 - 397" refId="ref11199" refString="LINTNER, J. A. 1895: Sciara coprophila n. sp. The Manurefly. (Ord. Diptera: Fam. Mycetophilidae). - Annual Report of the New York State Museum 48 (66) (1894): 391 - 397." type="journal article" year="1895">LINTNER (1895)</bibRefCitation>
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: 394, figs 4, 5a–e, plate 1, figs 1–4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 11a [as
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<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFB7DFC01FACCFBD8" authorityName="LINTNER" authorityYear="1895" box="[1199,1383,1001,1025]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coprophila">
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<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFB7DFC01FACCFBD8" box="[1199,1383,1001,1025]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Sciara coprophila</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
]; –
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<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFCEAFBE1FC45FBF8" author="HUTTON, F. W." box="[824,1006,1033,1057]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" pagination="179 - 196" refId="ref10915" refString="HUTTON, F. W. 1902: Additions to the Diptera Fauna of New Zealand. - Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 34 (1901): 179 - 196." type="journal article" year="1902">HUTTON (1902)</bibRefCitation>
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: 192 [as
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<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFB8EFBE1FAA8FBF8" authorityName="HUTTON" authorityYear="1902" box="[1116,1283,1033,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marcilla">
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<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFB8EFBE1FAA8FBF8" box="[1116,1283,1033,1057]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Sciara marcilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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]; –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFA93FBE2FCC9FB98" author="FREY, R." pageId="3" pageNumber="286" pagination="1 - 237" refId="ref10284" refString="FREY, R. 1936: Die Dipterenfauna der Kanarischen Inseln und ihre Probleme. I. Verzeichnis der Dipteren der Kanarischen Inseln. - Commentationes biologicae 6 (1): 1 - 237." type="journal article" year="1936">FREY (1936)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 15, plate 4, fig. 33 [as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFB81FBC1FACCFB98" authorityName="FREY" authorityYear="1936" box="[1107,1383,1065,1089]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanella" subGenus="Neosciara">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFB81FBC1FB3FFB99" box="[1107,1172,1065,1088]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Sciara</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFB76FBC2FAA1FB98" box="[1188,1290,1066,1089]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Neosciara</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFAC8FBC1FACCFB98" box="[1306,1383,1065,1089]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">nanella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]; –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFCEDFBA1FBB7FBB8" author="JOHANNSEN, O. A." box="[831,1052,1097,1121]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" pagination="57 - 146" refId="ref10948" refString="JOHANNSEN, O. A. 1912: The fungus gnats of North America, Part IV. - Bulletin of the Maine Agricultural Experimental Station 200: 57 - 146." type="journal article" year="1912">JOHANNSEN (1912)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 120, 123 and 136, plate 3, figs 13, 144, plate 6, fig. 236, plate 7, fig. 259 [as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFAE7FB81FC2CFB78" authorityName="LINTNER" authorityYear="1895" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coprophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFAE7FB81FC2CFB78" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Sciara coprophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]; –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFC7FFB61FB48FB78" author="TONNOIR, A. L. & EDWARDS, F. W." box="[941,1251,1161,1185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" pagination="747 - 878" refId="ref12118" refString="TONNOIR, A. L. & EDWARDS, F. W. 1927: New Zealand Fungus Gnats (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). - Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 747 - 878." type="journal article" year="1927">TONNOIR & EDWARDS (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 797, plate 70, fig. 185 [as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFC43FB41FB86FB18" authorityName="HUTTON" authorityYear="1902" box="[913,1069,1193,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marcilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFC43FB41FB86FB18" box="[913,1069,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Sciara marcilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]; –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFB84FB41FAABFB18" author="STEFFAN, W. A." box="[1110,1280,1193,1217]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref11894" refString="STEFFAN, W. A. 1966: A generic revision of the family Sciaridae (Diptera) of America North of Mexico. - University of California Publications in Entomology 44: 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="1966">STEFFAN (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 22 and 35, figs 1, 5 [as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFC4BFB21FBC2FB38" baseAuthorityName="Lintner" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[921,1129,1225,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coprophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFC4BFB21FBC2FB38" box="[921,1129,1225,1249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Bradysia coprophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]; –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFB4AFB21FAE6FB38" author="FREEMAN, P." box="[1176,1357,1225,1249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" refId="ref10255" refString="FREEMAN, P. 1983: Sciarid flies. Diptera, Sciaridae. - Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects 9 (6): 68 pp." type="book" year="1983">FREEMAN (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 36, figs 130–132; –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFC6DFB02FB48FAD8" author="MENZEL, F. & MOHRIG, W." box="[959,1251,1257,1281]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" refId="ref11449" refString="MENZEL, F. & MOHRIG, W. 2000: Revision der palaarktischen Trauermucken (Diptera: Sciaridae). - Studia dipterologica Supplement 6 (1999): 761 pp." type="book" year="2000">MENZEL & MOHRIG (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 147, figs 132, 133 [all as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFC70FAE1FBCBFAF8" baseAuthorityName="Winnertz" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[930,1120,1289,1313]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoena">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFC70FAE1FBCBFAF8" box="[930,1120,1289,1313]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Bradysia amoena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]; –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFB4BFAE2FCC9FA98" author="MENZEL, F. & HELLER, K." pageId="3" pageNumber="286" pagination="335 - 357" refId="ref11309" refString="MENZEL, F. & HELLER, K. 2005: Sechs neue Arten aus den Gattungen Bradysia, Camptochaeta und Corynoptera (Diptera: Sciaridae) nebst einigen Bemerkungen zur Nomenklatur europaischer Trauermucken. - Studia dipterologica 11 (2) (2004): 335 - 357." type="journal article" year="2005">MENZEL & HELLER (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 351; –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFC67FAC2FB31FA98" author="MENZEL, F. & SMITH, J. E. & CHANDLER, P. J." box="[949,1178,1321,1345]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref11580" refString="MENZEL, F.; SMITH, J. E. & CHANDLER, P. J. 2006: The sciarid fauna of the British Isles (Diptera: Sciaridae), including descriptions of six new species. - Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 146 (1): 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="2006">MENZEL et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 63; –
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFB30FAC1FCC9FAB8" author="MOHRIG, W. & HELLER, K. & HIPPA, H. & VILKAMAA, P. & MENZEL, F." pageId="3" pageNumber="286" pagination="141 - 286" refId="ref11677" refString="MOHRIG, W.; HELLER, K.; HIPPA, H.; VILKAMAA, P. & MENZEL, F. 2013: Revision of Black Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) of North America. - Studia dipterologica 19 (1 - 2) (2012): 141 - 286." type="journal article" year="2013">MOHRIG et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 171 [all as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFC0EFAA1FB28FAB8" baseAuthorityName="LOEW" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[988,1155,1353,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tilicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFC0EFAA1FB28FAB8" box="[988,1155,1353,1377]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Bradysia tilicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A0DBD3BBAC6CFFACFCC8FA61FB94F9F8" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC6CFFACFCC8FA61FB73FA78" blockId="3.[794,1399,1417,1573]" box="[794,1240,1417,1441]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFCC8FA61FB73FA78" bold="true" box="[794,1240,1417,1441]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Material examined from the archipelago:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC6CFFACFCC8FA41FB94F9F8" blockId="3.[794,1399,1417,1573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="58A98A6DAC6CFFACFCC8FA41FCC8F9F8" collectingDate="2005-02-27" collectingDateMax="2005-02-28" collectingDateMin="2005-02-27" collectionCode="T" country="TRISTAN DA CUNHA ISLAND" elevation="22" location="Cave Point" longitude="-12.548334" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" specimenCode="T46" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFCC8FA41FB21FA18" box="[794,1162,1449,1473]" name="TRISTAN DA CUNHA ISLAND" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">TRISTAN DA CUNHA ISLAND</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="ED1ED6EBAC6CFFACFB4AFA41FAB9FA18" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:60683126AC6CFFABFCEDFDAEFB80FDD8:ED1ED6EBAC6CFFACFB4AFA41FAB9FA18" box="[1176,1298,1449,1473]" country="TRISTAN DA CUNHA ISLAND" longitude="-12.548334" name="Cave Point" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Cave Point</location>
|
||
, in front of hut, 37°16'77"S
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8DF5E6F7AC6CFFACFC32FA21FBF0FA38" box="[992,1115,1481,1505]" degrees="12" direction="west" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" precision="15" seconds="54" value="-12.548334">12°32'54"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="63EC6703AC6CFFACFBBAFA21FB7EFA38" box="[1128,1237,1481,1505]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.16408" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" unit="ft" value="71.0">
|
||
<quantity id="2F392DD5AC6CFFACFBBAFA21FB35FA38" box="[1128,1182,1481,1505]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.16408" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" unit="ft" value="71.0">71 ft.</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, grassland and feral cattle,
|
||
<collectingMethod id="3180F827AC6CFFACFC46FA01FBBDF9D8" box="[916,1046,1513,1537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
(site 18, sample
|
||
<specimenCode id="B867284BAC6CFFACFB11FA01FB5BF9D8" box="[1219,1264,1513,1537]" collectionCode="T" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">T46</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<specimenCount id="FEC74BB9AC6CFFACFAD3FA01FA88F9D8" box="[1281,1315,1513,1537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="9C7FA6F0AC6CFFACFAFDFA01FCC8F9F8" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" value="2005-02-27" valueMax="2005-02-28" valueMin="2005-02-27">
|
||
<collectingDate id="8C3B5F18AC6CFFACFAFDFA01FCC8F9F8" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" value="2005-02-27" valueMax="2005-02-28" valueMin="2005-02-27">27–28. ii.2005</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectionCode id="8ED018F5AC6CFFACFC4AF9E2FC4FF9FC" box="[920,996,1546,1573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">HÄNEL</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="8ED018F5AC6CFFACFC20F9E1FB99F9F8" box="[1010,1074,1545,1569]" country="Finland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2vmj-fp0v" name="Finnish Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" type="Museum">MZH</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A0DBD3BBAC6CFFACFCC8F9A1FCCDF878" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC6CFFACFCC8F9A1FC01F9B8" blockId="3.[794,1399,1609,1953]" box="[794,938,1609,1633]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFCC8F9A1FC01F9B8" bold="true" box="[794,938,1609,1633]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC6CFFACFCC8F982FCCDF878" blockId="3.[794,1399,1609,1953]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
|
||
Known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFC61F981FBEEF958" box="[947,1093,1641,1665]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2A054ED2AC6CFFACFB85F981FB6CF958" box="[1111,1223,1641,1665]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2A054ED2AC6CFFACFB05F981FABDF958" box="[1239,1302,1641,1665]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Idaho</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2A054ED2AC6CFFACFAF7F982FAD9F958" box="[1317,1394,1642,1665]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Kansas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2A054ED2AC6CFFACFCC8F961FCCBF978" box="[794,864,1673,1697]" country="United States of America" name="Maine" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Maine</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2A054ED2AC6CFFACFCBCF961FBB2F978" box="[878,1049,1673,1697]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2A054ED2AC6CFFACFBF5F962FB31F978" box="[1063,1178,1673,1697]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2A054ED2AC6CFFACFB7DF961FB52F978" box="[1199,1273,1673,1697]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Azores</collectingRegion>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFAD8F961FAC6F978" box="[1290,1389,1673,1697]" name="Portugal" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
],
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2A054ED2AC6CFFACFCC8F941FC17F918" box="[794,956,1705,1729]" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Canary Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFC19F941FBA5F918" box="[971,1038,1705,1729]" name="Spain" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
],
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFBF3F942FB29F918" box="[1057,1154,1706,1729]" name="Morocco" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Europe (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFB3EF941FA95F918" box="[1260,1342,1705,1729]" name="Austria" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFA99F941FCF8F938" name="Belgium" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Belgium</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFCBBF921FC6EF938" box="[873,965,1737,1761]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFC08F921FB24F938" box="[986,1167,1737,1761]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFB76F921FB52F938" box="[1188,1273,1737,1761]" name="Finland" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFADCF921FAD9F938" box="[1294,1394,1737,1761]" name="Germany" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFCC8F901FC00F8D8" box="[794,939,1769,1793]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFC6AF901FBAFF8D8" box="[952,1028,1769,1793]" name="Greece" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFBC0F901FBCFF8D8" box="[1042,1124,1769,1793]" name="Estonia" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Estonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFBA3F901FB14F8D8" box="[1137,1215,1769,1793]" name="Ireland" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Ireland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFB1FF901FB57F8D8" box="[1229,1276,1769,1793]" name="Italy" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFAD8F901FAD8F8D8" box="[1290,1395,1769,1793]" name="Lithuania" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Lithuania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFCC8F8E1FC64F8F8" box="[794,975,1801,1825]" name="Netherlands" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFC32F8E1FB87F8F8" box="[992,1068,1801,1825]" name="Poland" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Poland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFBEDF8E1FB09F8F8" box="[1087,1186,1801,1825]" name="Romania" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Romania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFB61F8E1FB5CF8F8" box="[1203,1271,1801,1825]" name="Russia" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
[European territory],
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFC5CF8C1FC42F898" box="[910,1001,1833,1857]" name="Slovakia" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFC25F8C1FB98F898" box="[1015,1075,1833,1857]" name="Spain" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
[Iberian Peninsula],
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFACDF8C1FAD8F898" box="[1311,1395,1833,1857]" name="Sweden" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFCC8F8A1FCCEF8B8" box="[794,869,1865,1889]" name="Turkey" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Asian territory),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFBF9F8A1FBC4F8B8" box="[1067,1135,1865,1889]" name="Russia" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Asian territory:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2A054ED2AC6CFFACFAFCF8A1FAC0F8B8" box="[1326,1387,1865,1889]" country="Russia" name="Altay" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Altay</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFCC9F881FCF1F858" box="[795,858,1897,1921]" name="Nepal" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFC5CF882FBB5F858" box="[910,1054,1897,1921]" name="New Zealand" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. New to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6CFFACFBA8F881FA98F858" box="[1146,1331,1897,1921]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Tristan da Cunha</collectingCountry>
|
||
archipelago.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A0DBD3BBAC6CFFACFCC8F821FB26F7D8" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC6CFFACFCC8F821FB26F7D8" blockId="3.[794,1398,1993,2049]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFCC8F821FC08F838" bold="true" box="[794,931,1993,2017]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
See
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6CFFACFC22F822FAEAF838" author="MENZEL, F. & MOHRIG, W." box="[1008,1345,1993,2017]" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" refId="ref11449" refString="MENZEL, F. & MOHRIG, W. 2000: Revision der palaarktischen Trauermucken (Diptera: Sciaridae). - Studia dipterologica Supplement 6 (1999): 761 pp." type="book" year="2000">MENZEL & MOHRIG (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 147, figs 132, 133 [as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6CFFACFC1BF801FBD5F7D8" baseAuthorityName="Winnertz" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[969,1150,2025,2049]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoena">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6CFFACFC1BF801FBD5F7D8" box="[969,1150,2025,2049]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="286">Bradysia amoena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A0DBD3BBAC6BFFABFF6FFF01FB80FDD8" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC6BFFABFF6FFF01FE97FED8" blockId="4.[189,795,233,513]" box="[189,316,233,257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6BFFABFF6FFF01FE97FED8" bold="true" box="[189,316,233,257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Discussion:</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC6BFFABFF6FFEE1FB80FDD8" blockId="4.[189,795,233,513]" lastBlockId="4.[831,1437,265,513]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6BFFABFF6FFEE1FEC5FEF8" baseAuthorityName="LOEW" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[189,366,265,289]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tilicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC6BFFABFF6FFEE1FEC5FEF8" box="[189,366,265,289]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Bradysia tilicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is perhaps the most common species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC6BFFABFF34FEC1FEE1FE98" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1820" box="[230,330,297,321]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sciaridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
worldwide. Due to its cosmopolitan distribution it has been described under different names 19 times. For a complete list of synonymies see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6BFFABFF6FFE62FE59FE78" author="MENZEL, F. & MOHRIG, W." box="[189,498,393,417]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" refId="ref11449" refString="MENZEL, F. & MOHRIG, W. 2000: Revision der palaarktischen Trauermucken (Diptera: Sciaridae). - Studia dipterologica Supplement 6 (1999): 761 pp." type="book" year="2000">MENZEL & MOHRIG (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The species is potentially present in nearly every house in the world with indoor plants. The larvae develop in flowerpots and may occasionally cause damage to the plants. The species is also found outdoors, but is never highly abundant. It may spread out actively from human settlements and is most likely to having been introduced with plants to nearly any place with human activities and also to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC6BFFABFCEDFE61FBABFE78" box="[831,1024,393,417]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="4" pageNumber="287">Tristan da Cunha</collectingCountry>
|
||
. There are already records from other archipelagoes like the Azores and the Canary Islands. For more detailed information about habitats see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC6BFFABFCEDFE02FB8CFDD8" author="MENZEL, F. & SMITH, J. E. & CHANDLER, P. J." box="[831,1063,489,513]" pageId="4" pageNumber="287" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref11580" refString="MENZEL, F.; SMITH, J. E. & CHANDLER, P. J. 2006: The sciarid fauna of the British Isles (Diptera: Sciaridae), including descriptions of six new species. - Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 146 (1): 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="2006">MENZEL et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |