229 lines
33 KiB
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229 lines
33 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F175146D1CA1FB33F15F4C83E6547A8B">Volatile monoterpene ‘ fingerprints’ of resinous Protium tree species in the Amazon rainforest</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A72848F02042325E71C76A83C9A8D14F">Piva, Luani R. de O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D3EBDB443322EEF92A59670F978D92C0">Jardine, Kolby J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="88D3734B34DD7F0CB9EDC618D741851A">Gimenez, Bruno O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="24469690CE8479FFC8542195F2CB714E">Menezes, Valdiek S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3AC51814FA784324AB3546A91DE4D531">Durgante, Flávia M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="52E4EF744AB2E2E081053750B9CFB582">Cobello, Leticia O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="914DF957536567C180218F0F4DF411FF">Higuchi, Niro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="87E8CA3D782F49A591A2D8AD8B9C1591">Chambers, Jeffrey Q.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="E801F156E16D800BFCABFA0507CDF5BC" blockId="2.[818,1487,1414,1434]" box="[818,1487,1414,1434]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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<heading id="B349463AE16D800BFCABFA0507CDF5BC" bold="true" box="[818,1487,1414,1434]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16D800BFCABFA0507CDF5BC" bold="true" box="[818,1487,1414,1434]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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2.4. Comparison of
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<taxonomicName id="2FBE8AD5E16D800BFC71FA05062CF5BC" ID-CoL="6XKD" authorityName="Burm.f." box="[1000,1070,1414,1433]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Protium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Protium</taxonomicName>
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monoterpene ‘fingerprints’ between individuals
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</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="E801F156E16D800BFCCAFA3D06ACF6B1" blockId="2.[818,1488,1470,1992]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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Of the 77
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<taxonomicName id="2FBE8AD5E16D800BFC28FA3D01F5F5F4" box="[945,1015,1470,1489]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Protium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16D800BFC28FA3D01F5F5F4" bold="true" box="[945,1015,1470,1489]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Protium</emphasis>
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individuals, we observed a consistency of
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<taxonomicName id="2FBE8AD5E16D800BFA10FA3D01ACF5C8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Protium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monoterpene">
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<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16D800BFA10FA3D07CDF5F4" bold="true" box="[1417,1487,1470,1489]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Protium</emphasis>
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monoterpene
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</taxonomicName>
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‘fingerprints’ that could be separated in two cases: a) similar monoterpene ‘fingerprints’ patterns between individuals of different species, b) similar monoterpene ‘fingerprints’ patterns between individuals of the same species. Graphical representations of example monoterpene ‘fingerprints’ showing consistency between individuals of different species (
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<figureCitation id="7085EDD3E16D800BFC79F9E50640F65C" box="[992,1090,1638,1657]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[100,130,1436,1453]" captionTargetBox="[105,786,152,1421]" captionTargetId="figure-173@3.[105,766,152,1414]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Monoterpene ‘fingerprints’ from the trunks of three tree species in the central Amazon showing different dominant monoterpenes a) α-pinene, b) αphellandrene, and c) d-limonene. Monoterpene number: 1. cyclofenchene, 2. ξ- fenchene, 3. β-thujene, 4. tricyclene, 5. α-pinene, 6. α-fenchene, 7. d-camphene, 8. camphene, 9. 5,5-dimethyl-1-propyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 10. sabinene, 11. β-myrcene, 12. β-pinene, 13. 2-carene, 14. α-phellandrene, 15. 3-carene, 16. αterpinene, 17. trans-β-ocimene, 18. d-limonene, 19. β-phellandrene, 20. cis-βocimene, 21. eucalyptol, 22. γ-terpinene, 23. p-mentha-3,8-diene, 24. α-terpinolene, 25. isoterpinolene, 26. 4-trans-6-cis-allocimene, 27. terpenen-4-ol, 28. α-terpineol." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10481086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10481086/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Figs. S2–S</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="7085EDD3E16D800BFBDBF9E5064FF65C" box="[1090,1101,1638,1657]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[100,130,1463,1480]" captionTargetBox="[110,762,162,1439]" captionTargetId="figure-251@4.[105,766,152,1440]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Monoterpene ‘fingerprints’ from the trunks of three tree species in the central Amazon showing different dominant monoterpenes a) camphene, b) βmyrcene, and c) sabinene. Monoterpene number: 1. cyclofenchene, 2. ξ- fenchene, 3. β-thujene, 4. tricyclene, 5. α-pinene, 6. α-fenchene, 7. d-camphene, 8. camphene, 9. 5,5-dimethyl-1-propyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 10. sabinene, 11. β-myrcene, 12. β-pinene, 13. 2-carene, 14. α-phellandrene, 15. 3-carene, 16. αterpinene, 17. trans-β-ocimene, 18. d-limonene, 19. β-phellandrene, 20. cis-βocimene, 21. eucalyptol, 22. γ-terpinene, 23. p-mentha-3,8-diene, 24. α-terpinolene, 25. isoterpinolene, 26. 4-trans-6-cis-allocimene, 27. terpenen-4-ol, 28. α-terpineol." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10481090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10481090/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">4</figureCitation>
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) and the same species (
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<figureCitation id="7085EDD3E16D800BFAD8F9E507A1F65D" box="[1345,1443,1637,1657]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[818,848,1087,1104]" captionTargetBox="[823,1482,153,1063]" captionTargetId="figure-348@4.[822,1483,152,1064]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 5. Monoterpene ‘fingerprints’ from repeated collections in the years of 2015 and 2017, showing similar patterns with the same dominant monoterpenes observed a) α-pinene (P. apiculatum), b) d-limonene (P. hebetatum var. 2), and c) α-pinene (P. calendulinum). The first two vertical bars of each monoterpene represent the 2015 ‘fingerprint’ and the 2 bars on the right represent the 2017 ‘fingerprint’. Monoterpene number: 1. cyclofenchene, 2. ξ- fenchene, 3. β-thujene, 4. tricyclene, 5. α-pinene, 6. α-fenchene, 7. d-camphene, 8. camphene, 9. 5,5-dimethyl-1-propyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 10. sabinene, 11. β-myrcene, 12. β-pinene, 13. 2-carene, 14. α-phellandrene, 15. 3-carene, 16. αterpinene, 17. trans-β-ocimene, 18. d-limonene, 19. β-phellandrene, 20. cis-βocimene, 21. eucalyptol, 22. γ-terpinene, 23. p-mentha-3,8-diene, 24. α-terpinolene, 25. isoterpinolene, 26. 4-trans-6-cis-allocimene, 27. terpenen-4-ol, 28. α-terpineol." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10481088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10481088/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Figs. S5–S</figureCitation>
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6) is provided in the supporting information.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E801F156E16D800BFCCAF91D0602F751" blockId="2.[818,1488,1470,1992]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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As an example of similar patterns between individuals from different species, the comparison of the monoterpene ‘fingerprint’ from
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<taxonomicName id="2FBE8AD5E16D800BFA24F93A01ABF6CD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Protium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calendulinum">
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<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16D800BFA24F93A01ABF6CD" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">P. calendulinum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species (Tree 1408) and that of
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<taxonomicName id="2FBE8AD5E16D800BFB7BF956075AF6CD" box="[1250,1368,1749,1768]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Protium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hebetatum">
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<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16D800BFB7BF956075AF6CD" bold="true" box="[1250,1368,1749,1768]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">P. hebetatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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var. 1 (Tree 277C) showed a strong consistency of monoterpene patterns (
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<figureCitation id="7085EDD3E16D800BFAE2F9720186F705" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[100,130,1436,1453]" captionTargetBox="[105,786,152,1421]" captionTargetId="figure-173@3.[105,766,152,1414]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Monoterpene ‘fingerprints’ from the trunks of three tree species in the central Amazon showing different dominant monoterpenes a) α-pinene, b) αphellandrene, and c) d-limonene. Monoterpene number: 1. cyclofenchene, 2. ξ- fenchene, 3. β-thujene, 4. tricyclene, 5. α-pinene, 6. α-fenchene, 7. d-camphene, 8. camphene, 9. 5,5-dimethyl-1-propyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 10. sabinene, 11. β-myrcene, 12. β-pinene, 13. 2-carene, 14. α-phellandrene, 15. 3-carene, 16. αterpinene, 17. trans-β-ocimene, 18. d-limonene, 19. β-phellandrene, 20. cis-βocimene, 21. eucalyptol, 22. γ-terpinene, 23. p-mentha-3,8-diene, 24. α-terpinolene, 25. isoterpinolene, 26. 4-trans-6-cis-allocimene, 27. terpenen-4-ol, 28. α-terpineol." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10481086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10481086/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Figs. S2a and S2d</figureCitation>
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). Both ‘fingerprints’ presented the same dominant monoterpene (α-pinene) and similar relative abundance for other monoterpenes, including camphene, β-pinene, and
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<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16D800BFB71F8C706F1F772" bold="true" box="[1256,1267,1860,1879]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">d</emphasis>
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-limonene (MTPs 8, 12 and 18, respectively).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E801F156E16D800AFCCAF8FE063CF724" blockId="2.[818,1488,1470,1992]" lastBlockId="3.[818,1488,1746,1988]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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In a second example, the monoterpene ‘fingerprint’ of a
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<taxonomicName id="2FBE8AD5E16D800BFAEDF8FE0606F78E" authority="var. paniculatum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Protium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="paniculatum" variety="paniculatum">
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<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16D800BFAEDF8FE0167F78E" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">P. paniculatum</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16D800BFC0FF81B0606F78E" bold="true" box="[918,1028,1944,1963]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">paniculatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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individual (Tree 1301) showed similarities with the ‘fingerprint’ of a second individual, from
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<taxonomicName id="2FBE8AD5E16D800AFA89F83602D0F6F6" authority="var. paniculatum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Protium" kingdom="Plantae" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="64" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="paniculatum" variety="paniculatum">
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<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16D800BFA89F836079FF7E2" bold="true" box="[1296,1437,1972,1992]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">P. paniculatum</emphasis>
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var.
|
||
<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16C800AFFFDF94302D0F6F6" bold="true" box="[100,210,1728,1747]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">paniculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (Tree 157), with α-phellandrene as the dominant monoterpene in both cases (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="7085EDD3E16C800AFE5BF95E000FF6D5" box="[450,525,1757,1776]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[100,130,1436,1453]" captionTargetBox="[105,786,152,1421]" captionTargetId="figure-173@3.[105,766,152,1414]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Monoterpene ‘fingerprints’ from the trunks of three tree species in the central Amazon showing different dominant monoterpenes a) α-pinene, b) αphellandrene, and c) d-limonene. Monoterpene number: 1. cyclofenchene, 2. ξ- fenchene, 3. β-thujene, 4. tricyclene, 5. α-pinene, 6. α-fenchene, 7. d-camphene, 8. camphene, 9. 5,5-dimethyl-1-propyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 10. sabinene, 11. β-myrcene, 12. β-pinene, 13. 2-carene, 14. α-phellandrene, 15. 3-carene, 16. αterpinene, 17. trans-β-ocimene, 18. d-limonene, 19. β-phellandrene, 20. cis-βocimene, 21. eucalyptol, 22. γ-terpinene, 23. p-mentha-3,8-diene, 24. α-terpinolene, 25. isoterpinolene, 26. 4-trans-6-cis-allocimene, 27. terpenen-4-ol, 28. α-terpineol." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10481086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10481086/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Fig. S2b</figureCitation>
|
||
with S2e). There was also a good similarity between the relative abundances of the monoterpenes α-terpinene, β-phellandrene, γ-terpinene, α-terpinolene and isoterpinolene (MTPs 16, 19, 22, 24 and 25, respectively). Another interesting example showed that the ‘fingerprint’ of a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FBE8AD5E16C800AFDD6F8CE00CBF77A" box="[591,713,1868,1888]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Protium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="apiculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16C800AFDD6F8CE00CBF77A" bold="true" box="[591,713,1868,1888]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">P. apiculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Tree 464) had a good similarity with the ‘fingerprint’ of a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FBE8AD5E16C800AFDD7F8EB00C9F75E" box="[590,715,1896,1915]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Protium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitidifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16C800AFDD7F8EB00C9F75E" bold="true" box="[590,715,1896,1915]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">P. nitidifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Tree 334D) individual, with
|
||
<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16C800AFEC0F8070366F7B2" bold="true" box="[345,356,1924,1943]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">d</emphasis>
|
||
-limonene as the dominant monoterpene (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="7085EDD3E16C800AFF49F8230324F796" box="[208,294,1952,1971]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[100,130,1436,1453]" captionTargetBox="[105,786,152,1421]" captionTargetId="figure-173@3.[105,766,152,1414]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Monoterpene ‘fingerprints’ from the trunks of three tree species in the central Amazon showing different dominant monoterpenes a) α-pinene, b) αphellandrene, and c) d-limonene. Monoterpene number: 1. cyclofenchene, 2. ξ- fenchene, 3. β-thujene, 4. tricyclene, 5. α-pinene, 6. α-fenchene, 7. d-camphene, 8. camphene, 9. 5,5-dimethyl-1-propyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 10. sabinene, 11. β-myrcene, 12. β-pinene, 13. 2-carene, 14. α-phellandrene, 15. 3-carene, 16. αterpinene, 17. trans-β-ocimene, 18. d-limonene, 19. β-phellandrene, 20. cis-βocimene, 21. eucalyptol, 22. γ-terpinene, 23. p-mentha-3,8-diene, 24. α-terpinolene, 25. isoterpinolene, 26. 4-trans-6-cis-allocimene, 27. terpenen-4-ol, 28. α-terpineol." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10481086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10481086/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Fig. S2c</figureCitation>
|
||
with S2f). More examples of monoterpene ‘fingerprints’ similarities for individuals from different species can be observed in
|
||
<figureCitation id="7085EDD3E16C800AFC3FF96E01F2F724" box="[934,1008,1773,1793]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[818,848,1453,1470]" captionTargetBox="[812,1483,152,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-271@3.[822,1483,152,1431]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Monoterpene ‘fingerprints’ from the trunks of three tree species in the central Amazon showing different dominant monoterpenes a) α-terpinolene, b) β-phellandrene, and c) 3-carene. Monoterpene number: 1. cyclofenchene, 2. ξ- fenchene, 3. β-thujene, 4. tricyclene, 5. α-pinene, 6. α-fenchene, 7. d-camphene, 8. camphene, 9. 5,5-dimethyl-1-propyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 10. sabinene, 11. β-myrcene, 12. β-pinene, 13. 2-carene, 14. α-phellandrene, 15. 3-carene, 16. αterpinene, 17. trans-β-ocimene, 18. d-limonene, 19. β-phellandrene, 20. cis-βocimene, 21. eucalyptol, 22. γ-terpinene, 23. p-mentha-3,8-diene, 24. α-terpinolene, 25. isoterpinolene, 26. 4-trans-6-cis-allocimene, 27. terpenen-4-ol, 28. α-terpineol." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10519310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10519310/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Figs. S3</figureCitation>
|
||
and S
|
||
<figureCitation id="7085EDD3E16C800AFBB5F96D063CF724" box="[1068,1086,1774,1793]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[100,130,1463,1480]" captionTargetBox="[110,762,162,1439]" captionTargetId="figure-251@4.[105,766,152,1440]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Monoterpene ‘fingerprints’ from the trunks of three tree species in the central Amazon showing different dominant monoterpenes a) camphene, b) βmyrcene, and c) sabinene. Monoterpene number: 1. cyclofenchene, 2. ξ- fenchene, 3. β-thujene, 4. tricyclene, 5. α-pinene, 6. α-fenchene, 7. d-camphene, 8. camphene, 9. 5,5-dimethyl-1-propyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 10. sabinene, 11. β-myrcene, 12. β-pinene, 13. 2-carene, 14. α-phellandrene, 15. 3-carene, 16. αterpinene, 17. trans-β-ocimene, 18. d-limonene, 19. β-phellandrene, 20. cis-βocimene, 21. eucalyptol, 22. γ-terpinene, 23. p-mentha-3,8-diene, 24. α-terpinolene, 25. isoterpinolene, 26. 4-trans-6-cis-allocimene, 27. terpenen-4-ol, 28. α-terpineol." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10481090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10481090/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">4.</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="BCC1A1DEE16C800AFFFDFA1F02C8F6B6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10481086" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10481086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10481086/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" startId="3.[100,130,1436,1453]" targetBox="[105,786,152,1421]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="E801F156E16C800AFFFDFA1F02C8F6B6" blockId="3.[100,771,1436,1683]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16C800AFFFDFA1F029DF588" bold="true" box="[100,159,1436,1453]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Monoterpene ‘fingerprints’ from the trunks of three tree species in the central Amazon showing different dominant monoterpenes
|
||
<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16C800AFDFCFA350072F5E3" bold="true" box="[613,624,1462,1478]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">a</emphasis>
|
||
) α-pinene,
|
||
<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16C800AFD4FFA3500E3F5E3" bold="true" box="[726,737,1462,1478]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">b</emphasis>
|
||
) αphellandrene, and
|
||
<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16C800AFE9AFA4C0321F5C5" bold="true" box="[259,291,1487,1504]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
|
||
c)
|
||
<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16C800AFE80FA4C0321F5C5" bold="true" box="[281,291,1487,1504]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">d</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
-limonene. Monoterpene number: 1. cyclofenchene, 2.
|
||
<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16C800AFD6AFA5300F9F5C4" bold="true" box="[755,763,1488,1505]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">ξ</emphasis>
|
||
- fenchene, 3. β-thujene, 4. tricyclene, 5. α-pinene, 6. α-fenchene, 7.
|
||
<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16C800AFD0FFA6A00A2F5DF" bold="true" box="[662,672,1513,1530]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">d</emphasis>
|
||
-camphene, 8. camphene, 9. 5,5-dimethyl-1-propyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 10. sabinene, 11. β-myrcene, 12. β-pinene, 13. 2-carene, 14. α-phellandrene, 15. 3-carene, 16. αterpinene, 17. trans-β-ocimene, 18.
|
||
<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16C800AFE00F9B603A1F663" bold="true" box="[409,419,1589,1606]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">d</emphasis>
|
||
-limonene, 19. β-phellandrene, 20. cis-βocimene, 21. eucalyptol, 22. γ-terpinene, 23. p-mentha-3,8-diene, 24. α-terpinolene, 25. isoterpinolene, 26. 4-trans-6-cis-allocimene, 27. terpenen-4-ol, 28. α-terpineol.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="BCC1A1DEE16C800AFCABFA2E0195F681" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10519310" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10519310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10519310/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" startId="3.[818,848,1453,1470]" targetBox="[812,1483,152,1431]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="E801F156E16C800AFCABFA2E0195F681" blockId="3.[818,1488,1453,1700]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16C800AFCABFA2E016EF59B" bold="true" box="[818,876,1453,1470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Monoterpene ‘fingerprints’ from the trunks of three tree species in the central Amazon showing different dominant monoterpenes
|
||
<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16C800AFAB1FA440731F5F2" bold="true" box="[1320,1331,1479,1495]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">a</emphasis>
|
||
) α-terpinolene,
|
||
<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16C800AFA25FA4407C5F5F2" bold="true" box="[1468,1479,1479,1495]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">b</emphasis>
|
||
) β-phellandrene, and
|
||
<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16C800AFC7AFA6301EFF5D5" bold="true" box="[995,1005,1504,1520]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">c</emphasis>
|
||
) 3-carene. Monoterpene number: 1. cyclofenchene, 2.
|
||
<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16C800AFA59FA6307CAF5D4" bold="true" box="[1472,1480,1504,1521]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">ξ</emphasis>
|
||
- fenchene, 3. β-thujene, 4. tricyclene, 5. α-pinene, 6. α-fenchene, 7.
|
||
<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16C800AFAFAFA79076FF62E" bold="true" box="[1379,1389,1530,1547]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">d</emphasis>
|
||
-camphene, 8. camphene, 9. 5,5-dimethyl-1-propyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 10. sabinene, 11. β-myrcene, 12. β-pinene, 13. 2-carene, 14. α-phellandrene, 15. 3-carene, 16. αterpinene, 17. trans-β-ocimene, 18.
|
||
<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16C800AFBFFF9C50672F672" bold="true" box="[1126,1136,1606,1623]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">d</emphasis>
|
||
-limonene, 19. β-phellandrene, 20. cis-βocimene, 21. eucalyptol, 22. γ-terpinene, 23. p-mentha-3,8-diene, 24. α-terpinolene, 25. isoterpinolene, 26. 4-trans-6-cis-allocimene, 27. terpenen-4-ol, 28. α-terpineol.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E801F156E16C800DFCCAF88907CBF617" blockId="3.[818,1488,1746,1988]" lastBlockId="4.[818,1487,1456,1587]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
|
||
A comparison analysis of monoterpene ‘fingerprints’ with similar patterns between individuals from the same species was also conducted. Monoterpene ‘fingerprints’ from two individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FBE8AD5E16C800AFA85F8C20793F771" box="[1308,1425,1857,1876]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Protium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hebetatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16C800AFA85F8C20793F771" bold="true" box="[1308,1425,1857,1876]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">P. hebetatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
var. 2 (Trees 661 and 724) showed a consistency of monoterpene patterns (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="7085EDD3E16C800AFC0DF8FA01E0F7A9" box="[916,994,1913,1932]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[818,848,1087,1104]" captionTargetBox="[823,1482,153,1063]" captionTargetId="figure-348@4.[822,1483,152,1064]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 5. Monoterpene ‘fingerprints’ from repeated collections in the years of 2015 and 2017, showing similar patterns with the same dominant monoterpenes observed a) α-pinene (P. apiculatum), b) d-limonene (P. hebetatum var. 2), and c) α-pinene (P. calendulinum). The first two vertical bars of each monoterpene represent the 2015 ‘fingerprint’ and the 2 bars on the right represent the 2017 ‘fingerprint’. Monoterpene number: 1. cyclofenchene, 2. ξ- fenchene, 3. β-thujene, 4. tricyclene, 5. α-pinene, 6. α-fenchene, 7. d-camphene, 8. camphene, 9. 5,5-dimethyl-1-propyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 10. sabinene, 11. β-myrcene, 12. β-pinene, 13. 2-carene, 14. α-phellandrene, 15. 3-carene, 16. αterpinene, 17. trans-β-ocimene, 18. d-limonene, 19. β-phellandrene, 20. cis-βocimene, 21. eucalyptol, 22. γ-terpinene, 23. p-mentha-3,8-diene, 24. α-terpinolene, 25. isoterpinolene, 26. 4-trans-6-cis-allocimene, 27. terpenen-4-ol, 28. α-terpineol." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10481088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10481088/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Fig. S5a</figureCitation>
|
||
with S5d), with α-pinene as the dominant monoterpene. Furthermore, for both ‘fingerprints’, the monoterpenes β-pinene, α-phellandrene and α-terpinene were detected. For another two monoterpene ‘fingerprints’ (Trees 261 and 931B), also from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FBE8AD5E16B800DFD2EF958029AF72F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Protium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hebetatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16B800DFD2EF958029AF72F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">P. hebetatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
var. 2 species and with α-pinene as the dominant monoterpene, we can observe a consistency of monoterpenes occurrence and monoterpenes relative abundance (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="7085EDD3E16B800DFE79F8AC002DF767" box="[480,559,1839,1858]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[818,848,1087,1104]" captionTargetBox="[823,1482,153,1063]" captionTargetId="figure-348@4.[822,1483,152,1064]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 5. Monoterpene ‘fingerprints’ from repeated collections in the years of 2015 and 2017, showing similar patterns with the same dominant monoterpenes observed a) α-pinene (P. apiculatum), b) d-limonene (P. hebetatum var. 2), and c) α-pinene (P. calendulinum). The first two vertical bars of each monoterpene represent the 2015 ‘fingerprint’ and the 2 bars on the right represent the 2017 ‘fingerprint’. Monoterpene number: 1. cyclofenchene, 2. ξ- fenchene, 3. β-thujene, 4. tricyclene, 5. α-pinene, 6. α-fenchene, 7. d-camphene, 8. camphene, 9. 5,5-dimethyl-1-propyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 10. sabinene, 11. β-myrcene, 12. β-pinene, 13. 2-carene, 14. α-phellandrene, 15. 3-carene, 16. αterpinene, 17. trans-β-ocimene, 18. d-limonene, 19. β-phellandrene, 20. cis-βocimene, 21. eucalyptol, 22. γ-terpinene, 23. p-mentha-3,8-diene, 24. α-terpinolene, 25. isoterpinolene, 26. 4-trans-6-cis-allocimene, 27. terpenen-4-ol, 28. α-terpineol." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10481088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10481088/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Fig. S5b</figureCitation>
|
||
with S5e). Other examples of similarities for ‘fingerprints’ from the same species are highlighted in Fig. S6 (a-f). In this figure, it is interesting to observe that four individuals from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FBE8AD5E16B800DFEA2F8000051F7B0" box="[315,595,1922,1942]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Protium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="paniculatum" variety="modestum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16B800DFEA2F80003C6F7B0" bold="true" box="[315,452,1922,1942]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">P. paniculatum</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="DACA2D44E16B800DFE60F8010051F7B0" bold="true" box="[505,595,1922,1941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">modestum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species presented strong similarities in their monoterpene ‘fingerprints’. For example, both Trees 1289 and 1295 (Figs. S6a and S6b) presented the occurrence of monoterpenes 3-carene, α-terpinene, β-phellandrene, cis-β-ocimene and γ-terpinene, with strong relative abundance similarities of these monoterpenes. For these four ‘fingerprints’ from the same species, the same dominant monoterpene (α-phellandrene) was observed, as well.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |