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<document id="83A40B6319C769E2BC7F352ED16658B3" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.191461" ID-GBIF-Dataset="411b8bea-fab6-44ab-be0c-063b7cbf9edb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="191461" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461128955453" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ivanova, Elena S. &amp; Hope, Duane" docDate="2009" docId="216887C5FFBF1E09F0B4FC2DFC8EF96D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02293p067.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2293" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Dicelis eudrilii Ivanova &amp; Hope, 2009, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="58" masterDocId="DD51FFBDFFBE1E0CF023FF92FFEFFFD1" masterDocTitle="A new genus and three new species of Drilonematidae (Rhabditida, Drilonematoidea) from earthworms" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="53" pageNumber="54" updateTime="1698597286932" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="5153314633C192081ED2EF6FE9B02702" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="DBB0DE15E096C3CB96F313B373E10FA7">
<mods:title id="53F28609C51D9F2F2F3E2B6E54265516">A new genus and three new species of Drilonematidae (Rhabditida, Drilonematoidea) from earthworms</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="658D861DCC3CDB3C0EB0101D2A14CC9C">Ivanova, Elena S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0F0A128A58317E4E8ED16C5F564A2D19" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="2E78386E859916AF127F60033598EE90">Hope, Duane</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="1DE5FF9688AEA68F38E6565E53203FE9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E3EA31DFA53D590E43B7E40771588C6F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="EECE5CB008DD843C30B70CC1C06F4A82">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AA32C3697C2C319564F779702861F2BB">2293</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="DC249E3C66DD5D20067C9622923EBC09">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="AA8CEBFBF163F00A4A59519BBF0BDB42" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.191461</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="565DC7E06278E24FBC013AFE8799B1B8" type="GBIF-Dataset">411b8bea-fab6-44ab-be0c-063b7cbf9edb</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="14AD4EE90DE6DA2162705099A6CB03A9" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4F8330E400BA4D22672615E384129512" type="Zenodo-Dep">191461</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="216887C5FFBF1E09F0B4FC2DFC8EF96D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5673260" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119626853" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5673260" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:216887C5FFBF1E09F0B4FC2DFC8EF96D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/216887C5FFBF1E09F0B4FC2DFC8EF96D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<subSubSection id="E1DB6558FFBF1E0DF0B4FC2DFEFFFC2D" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A97E36D3FFBF1E0DF0B4FC2DFE7CFC08" blockId="1.[151,403,959,1020]" box="[151,403,959,985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<heading id="F23681BFFFBF1E0DF0B4FC2DFE7CFC08" bold="true" box="[151,403,959,985]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" reason="1">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBF1E0DF0B4FC2DFE7CFC08" bold="true" box="[151,403,959,985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBF1E0DF0B4FC2DFEA6FC08" box="[151,329,959,985]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="eudrilii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBF1E0DF0B4FC2DFEA6FC08" bold="true" box="[151,329,959,985]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Dicelis eudrilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="808657BAFFBF1E0DF173FC2DFE7CFC08" box="[336,403,959,985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A97E36D3FFBF1E0DF0B4FC70FEFFFC2D" blockId="1.[151,403,959,1020]" box="[151,272,994,1020]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
(
<figureCitation id="31FA2A56FFBF1E0DF0BCFC70FEE8FC2D" box="[159,263,994,1020]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="3.[151,257,1968,1992]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,260,1933,1957]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,155,1948]" captionTargetBox-1="[173,1416,159,1909]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1436,155,1949]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[173,1417,159,1909]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Dicelis eudrilii sp. n. A – D male; A: entire view; B: tail; C: spicule and gubernaculum; D: head; E – G: juvenile; E: head; F: pharyngeal region; G: vulval primordium. All in lateral position. (Scale bars in µm.)" captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Dicelis eudrilii sp. n. female. A: entire view; B: pharyngeal region; C: excretory pore; D: egg; E: spermatheca; F: tail, ventral view; G: tail; H: caudal fimbriate organs, ventral view; I: fimbriate organs. If not indicated, in lateral position. (Scale bars in µm.)" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/191462/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/191463/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1DB6558FFBF1E0EF0B4FBA2FB9BFA56" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="description">
<paragraph id="A97E36D3FFBF1E0DF0B4FBA2FE41FB9B" blockId="1.[151,430,1072,1098]" box="[151,430,1072,1098]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBF1E0DF0B4FBA2FEAEFB98" box="[151,321,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Measurements</emphasis>
: Table 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A97E36D3FFBF1E0DF0B4FBECFB9EFB47" blockId="1.[151,1137,1149,1174]" box="[151,1137,1149,1174]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBF1E0DF0B4FBECFEE7FB47" bold="true" box="[151,264,1150,1174]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Morphometrics of
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBF1E0DF1FBFBEDFD96FB47" box="[472,633,1151,1174]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="eudrilii" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBF1E0DF1FBFBEDFD96FB47" box="[472,633,1151,1174]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Dicelis eudrilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="808657BAFFBF1E0DF2A3FBEDFD25FB47" box="[640,714,1151,1174]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, n. sp. Measurements are ranges in µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A97E36D3FFBF1E0DF2F6FB2FFC83F80B" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<table id="DBC1C473FFBFE1F3F087FB2FFA66F80B" box="[164,1417,1213,2010]" gridcols="5" gridrows="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<tr id="17F13491FFBFE1F3F087FB2FFA66FAD3" box="[164,1417,1213,1282]" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F24CFB2FFC68FAD3" box="[623,903,1213,1282]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Female Holotype Paratype</th>
<th id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F3EBFB2FFBD4FAD3" box="[968,1083,1213,1282]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Male Paratypes</th>
<th id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F44EFB2FFB08FAD3" box="[1133,1255,1213,1282]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Juvenile IV (female)</th>
<th id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F52CFB2FFA66FAD3" box="[1295,1417,1213,1282]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Juvenile III</th>
</tr>
<tr id="17F13491FFBFE1F3F087FA8BFA66FA8C" box="[164,1417,1305,1373]" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<th id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F087FA8BFDDDFA8C" box="[164,562,1305,1373]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">n L</th>
<td id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F24CFA8BFC68FA8C" box="[623,903,1305,1373]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">- 2 5120 4010-5320</td>
<td id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F3EBFA8BFBD4FA8C" box="[968,1083,1305,1373]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">3 2650-3340</td>
<td id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F44EFA8BFB08FA8C" box="[1133,1255,1305,1373]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">1 3195</td>
<td id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F52CFA8BFA66FA8C" box="[1295,1417,1305,1373]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">1 1660</td>
</tr>
<tr id="17F13491FFBFE1F3F087FAE6FA66FA69" box="[164,1417,1396,1464]" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<th id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F087FAE6FDDDFA69" box="[164,562,1396,1464]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">a b</th>
<td id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F24CFAE6FC68FA69" box="[623,903,1396,1464]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">31.0 31.3-33.3 34.6 29.5-36.4</td>
<td id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F3EBFAE6FBD4FA69" box="[968,1083,1396,1464]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">30.1-52.4 22.3-27.8</td>
<td id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F44EFAE6FB08FA69" box="[1133,1255,1396,1464]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">35.5 23.2</td>
<td id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F52CFAE6FA66FA69" box="[1295,1417,1396,1464]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">33.2 14.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="17F13491FFBFE1F3F087FA5DFA66F9C2" box="[164,1417,1487,1555]" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<th id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F087FA5DFDDDF9C2" box="[164,562,1487,1555]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">c V</th>
<td id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F24CFA5DFC68F9C2" box="[623,903,1487,1555]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">22.6 17.7-20.3 68.4 64.5-65.3</td>
<td id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F3EBFA5DFBD4F9C2" box="[968,1083,1487,1555]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">15.1-15.6</td>
<td id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F44EFA5DFB08F9C2" box="[1133,1255,1487,1555]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">18.5 66.4</td>
<td id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F52CFA5DFA66F9C2" box="[1295,1417,1487,1555]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">14.4 69.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="17F13491FFBFE1F3F087F9B8FA66F94A" box="[164,1417,1578,1691]" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<th id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F087F9B8FDDDF94A" box="[164,562,1578,1691]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Mid-body diam. Length of pharynx Distance from head to excretory pore</th>
<td id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F24CF9B8FC68F94A" box="[623,903,1578,1691]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">165 128-160 148 136-146 364 341-389</td>
<td id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F3EBF9B8FBD4F94A" box="[968,1083,1578,1691]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">60-88 119-130 297-362</td>
<td id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F44EF9B8FB08F94A" box="[1133,1255,1578,1691]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">90 138 318</td>
<td id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F52CF9B8FA66F94A" box="[1295,1417,1578,1691]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">50 114 281</td>
</tr>
<tr id="17F13491FFBFE1F3F087F920FA66F918" box="[164,1417,1714,1737]" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<th id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F087F920FDDDF918" box="[164,562,1714,1737]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Distance from head to nerve ring</th>
<td id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F24CF920FC68F918" box="[623,903,1714,1737]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">358 276-311</td>
<td id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F3EBF920FBD4F918" box="[968,1083,1714,1737]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">254-295</td>
<td id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F44EF920FB08F918" box="[1133,1255,1714,1737]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">268</td>
<td id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F52CF920FA66F918" box="[1295,1417,1714,1737]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">189</td>
</tr>
<tr id="17F13491FFBFE1F3F087F972FA66F8F5" box="[164,1417,1760,1828]" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<th id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F087F972FDDDF8F5" box="[164,562,1760,1828]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Length of tail Length of spicule (on arc)</th>
<td id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F24CF972FC68F8F5" box="[623,903,1760,1828]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">227 227-262</td>
<td id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F3EBF972FBD4F8F5" box="[968,1083,1760,1828]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">175-217 117-125</td>
<td id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F44EF972FB08F8F5" box="[1133,1255,1760,1828]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">173</td>
<td id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F52CF972FA66F8F5" box="[1295,1417,1760,1828]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">115</td>
</tr>
<tr id="17F13491FFBFE1F3F087F8A9FA66F8AE" box="[164,1417,1851,1919]" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F087F8A9FDDDF8AE" box="[164,562,1851,1919]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Length of spicule (on chord) Length of gubernaculum</th>
<td id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F3EBF8A9FBD4F8AE" box="[968,1083,1851,1919]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">89-110 54-55</td>
</tr>
<tr id="17F13491FFBFE1F3F087F804FA66F80B" box="[164,1417,1942,2010]" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F087F804FDDDF80B" box="[164,562,1942,2010]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Egg length Egg diam.</th>
<td id="54205DEDFFBFE1F3F24CF804FC68F80B" box="[623,903,1942,2010]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">80 70-80 40 38-46</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A97E36D3FFBC1E0EF0E5FF05FB16FE36" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBC1E0EF0E5FF05FEF7FF60" bold="true" box="[198,280,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Adult:</emphasis>
Large drilonematids. Body long, cylindrical, barely tapering to anterior end, with short conoid tail in both sexes. Cuticle finely striated. Lateral chords about 13–18 µm wide, comprised of two rows of vacuolated cells. Head bluntly rounded, bearing two circles of small cephalic papillae (6+4). Mouth aperture terminal. Stoma short, infundibular. Amphidial apertures not discernible, short bundle of sensilla conspicuous posterior to head papillae. Pharynx short, cylindroid and heavily muscled: cardia short. Nerve ring surrounding constriction of intestine about 2–3 body diameters posterior to pharynx base. Excretory pore about 2 µm in diameter, 1 body diameter posterior to nerve ring. Excretory duct as wide as excretory pore, about 13–22 µm long and cuticularised; excretory cell enormous. Intestine well-developed, thick-walled. Tail bearing small fimbriate caudal organs situated slightly asymmetrically near mid-tail length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A97E36D3FFBC1E0EF0E5FE61FDC8FC41" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBC1E0EF0E5FE61FEE9FDDC" bold="true" box="[198,262,499,525]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Male</emphasis>
: Body about 2.6–3.4 mm long. Stoma 2–5 µm long and 7–10 µm in diameter. Pharynx 22–25 µm in diameter. Testis long, reflexed slightly posterior to excretory pore. Distal end of testis flexure 220–570 µm long. Immature sperm spherical, about 5–6 µm in diameter. Spermatids in ejaculatory duct about 17–20 µm
<date id="DD7F1013FFBC1E0EF5AEFDD3FF0EFD53" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" value="1914-10-18">x 14–18</date>
µm in size. Copulatory muscles prominent. Spicules long, distinctly cephalate, heavily sclerotized, uniformly curved and bearing paired, serrated ventrolateral ridges; capitula about 1/7 of length, slightly elongated, and similar in diameter to shaft; distal tips long, thin, rounded. Gubernaculum about 1/2 of spicule length, plate-like, sometimes with short proximal process bent posteriad. Paired, prominent precloacal papillae present in front of cloaca and a pair of smaller ones just posterior to cloaca, both subventrally placed and covered by very thin membrane. Fimbriate caudal organs slightly raised, with a circular aperture 6–9 µm in diameter and convex radially striated rim 10–12 µm in diameter, located just anterior of mid-tail length. Tail well-tapered, tail tip rounded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A97E36D3FFBC1E0EF0E5FC0FFA81FAEB" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBC1E0EF0E5FC0FFECEFC66" bold="true" box="[198,289,925,951]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Female</emphasis>
: Body about 4–5.3 mm long. Stoma 7–10 µm long and 8–15 µm in diameter. Pharynx 30–32 µm in diameter. Proximal tip of ovary situated between vulva and anus; ovary looped twice between distal and proximal ends of ovary; oviduct flexed posteriorly at junction with about 3 pharynx lengths from anterior. Spermatheca, 240–275 µm long, directed anteriorly from flexed juncture of ovary and oviduct and filled with large bean-like spermatozoa 8–14 µm
<date id="DD7F1013FFBC1E0EF250FBAAFD56FB83" box="[627,697,1080,1106]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">x 4–6</date>
µm in size. Oviduct looped and bearing spherical cells (of glandular nature?). Uterus large, thin-walled, packed with numerous eggs. Eggs widely elliptical, shell about 1.5 µm thick, covered by irregularly shaped, flat, densely packed minute tubercles. Vagina straight, short. Vulval lips not prominent. Vulva post-median. No post-uterine sac present. Rectum long with sclerotized lining. Rectal glands present. Tail slightly larger in diameter than in males, tapering to the end with blunt conical tip 2–3 µm long. Fimbriate organs situated at mid-tail or slightly further back; the same in structure as in males, 17–25 µm in diameter of outer rim, aperture 8–15 µm in diameter. Three caudal glands present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A97E36D3FFBC1E0EF0E5FAD4FB9BFA56" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBC1E0EF0E5FAD4FEC1FAB1" bold="true" box="[198,302,1350,1376]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Juvenile</emphasis>
. Head end, pharynx, nerve ring and excretory pore as in adult nematodes. L III: vulval primordium situated at posterior end of genital primordium measuring 620 µm long.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1DB6558FFBC1E0EF0E5FA06FC5BF96D" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A97E36D3FFBC1E0EF0E5FA06FD94F9BE" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBC1E0EF0E5FA06FE85FA7C" box="[198,362,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<typeStatus id="767A8871FFBC1E0EF0E5FA06FF14FA7C" box="[198,251,1428,1453]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
:
<typeStatus id="767A8871FFBC1E0EF15CFA06FE03FA7F" box="[383,492,1428,1454]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female
<collectionCode id="CFD0AE16FFBC1E0EF270FA06FD47FA7F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[595,680,1428,1454]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">USNM</collectionCode>
1117733,
<typeStatus id="767A8871FFBC1E0EF309FA06FC60FA7F" box="[810,911,1428,1454]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
female
<collectionCode id="CFD0AE16FFBC1E0EF3D5FA06FBA4FA7F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1014,1099,1428,1454]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">USNM</collectionCode>
1117734, 2
<typeStatus id="767A8871FFBC1E0EF4C4FA06FAA3FA7F" box="[1255,1356,1428,1454]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
males
<collectionCode id="CFD0AE16FFBC1E0EF0B4FA28FF03FA05" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[151,236,1466,1492]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">USNM</collectionCode>
1117735 and 1117736, immature female
<collectionCode id="CFD0AE16FFBC1E0EF2F8FA28FCDFFA05" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[731,816,1466,1492]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">USNM</collectionCode>
1117737 and juvenile
<collectionCode id="CFD0AE16FFBC1E0EF463FA28FB7AFA05" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1088,1173,1466,1492]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">USNM</collectionCode>
1117738 deposited in the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History. Further
<typeStatus id="767A8871FFBC1E0EF478FA73FB27FA2A" box="[1115,1224,1505,1531]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
female No 1068 deposited in the Museum of Helminthological Collections in the Centre of Parasitology of A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, Moscow,
<collectingCountry id="D1D67643FFBC1E0EF32DF9BCFC8FF999" box="[782,864,1582,1608]" name="Russia" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Russia</collectingCountry>
and
<typeStatus id="767A8871FFBC1E0EF3BFF9BCFBE9F999" box="[924,1030,1582,1608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
male and fragments of male and female are in the first author’s collection.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A97E36D3FFBC1E0EF0E5F9EEFC5BF96D" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBC1E0EF0E5F9EEFE3DF944" box="[198,466,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<typeStatus id="767A8871FFBC1E0EF0E5F9EEFF12F944" box="[198,253,1660,1685]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Type</typeStatus>
host and locality
</emphasis>
: Coelomic cavity of
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBC1E0EF2F5F9EEFCD4F944" box="[726,827,1660,1685]" class="Clitellata" family="Eudrilidae" genus="Eudrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBC1E0EF2F5F9EEFCD4F944" box="[726,827,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Eudrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<collectionCode id="CFD0AE16FFBC1E0EF35BF9EEFC22F947" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[888,973,1660,1686]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">USNM</collectionCode>
52754, collected
<quantity id="6E399B36FFBC1E0EF484F9EEFAF2F947" box="[1191,1309,1660,1686]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3335488" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" unit="mi" value="145.0">145 miles</quantity>
NW from Lagos, University of Ifa,
<collectingCountry id="D1D67643FFBC1E0EF19CF930FDF5F96D" box="[447,538,1698,1724]" name="Nigeria" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="DD7F1013FFBC1E0EF206F930FD0CF96D" box="[549,739,1698,1724]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" value="1975-05" valueMax="1975-06-31" valueMin="1975-05-00">May–June 1975</date>
, leg. A.O. Segun.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1DB6558FFBC1E0EF0E5F95BFC9CF932" box="[198,883,1737,1763]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="A97E36D3FFBC1E0EF0E5F95BFC9CF932" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1956]" box="[198,883,1737,1763]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBC1E0EF0E5F95BFEACF933" box="[198,323,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Etymology</emphasis>
: The species is named after its earthworm host.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1DB6558FFBC1E09F0E5F962FBB0FCCD" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="A97E36D3FFBC1E0EF0E5F962FB08F875" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBC1E0EF0E5F962FDF2F8D8" box="[198,541,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Diagnosis and relationships.</emphasis>
Drilonematoidea,
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBC1E0EF2DEF962FB96F8DB" authority="Dicelinae. This" authorityName="Dicelinae. This" box="[765,1145,1776,1802]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Drilonematidae, Dicelinae. This</taxonomicName>
species is characterized by well-tapered, conoid tail in both sexes, cephalic papillae in two circles, cylindroid pharynx, faint amphids with pore-like apertures, conspicuous excretory pore, nerve ring situated around intestine in front of excretory pore in adults and juveniles, long off-set spermatheca, post-median position of vulva, lack of post-uterine sac, smallish fimbriate organs, strong long spicules, and male caudal papillae reduced to two pairs.
</paragraph>
<caption id="FDBE665BFFBD1E0FF0B4F822FB17F83D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191462/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" targetBox="[151,1436,155,1948]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="A97E36D3FFBD1E0FF0B4F822FB17F83D" blockId="3.[151,1436,1968,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBD1E0FF0B4F822FEF3F819" bold="true" box="[151,284,1968,1992]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBD1E0FF10FF823FE3CF819" box="[300,467,1969,1992]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="eudrilii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBD1E0FF10FF823FE3CF819" box="[300,467,1969,1992]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Dicelis eudrilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="808657BAFFBD1E0FF1F8F823FDF8F819" box="[475,535,1969,1992]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A–D male; A: entire view; B: tail; C: spicule and gubernaculum; D: head; E–G: juvenile; E: head; F: pharyngeal region; G: vulval primordium. All in lateral position. (Scale bars in µm.)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="FDBE665BFFBA1E08F0B4F81FFDC5F83E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191463/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" targetBox="[173,1416,159,1909]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="A97E36D3FFBA1E08F0B4F81FFDC5F83E" blockId="4.[151,1436,1933,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBA1E08F0B4F81FFECDF874" bold="true" box="[151,290,1933,1957]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBA1E08F109F81CFE35F874" box="[298,474,1934,1957]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="eudrilii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBA1E08F109F81CFE35F874" box="[298,474,1934,1957]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Dicelis eudrilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="808657BAFFBA1E08F1C2F81FFDCFF875" box="[481,544,1933,1956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
female. A: entire view; B: pharyngeal region; C: excretory pore; D: egg; E: spermatheca; F: tail, ventral view; G: tail; H: caudal fimbriate organs, ventral view; I: fimbriate organs. If not indicated, in lateral position. (Scale bars in µm.)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A97E36D3FFBB1E09F0E5FF0AFE16FD8A" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1299]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
A narrowly conoid tail, prominent excretory pore, very long spermatheca, relatively long spicules and presence of only two pairs of male caudal papillae distinguish this species from the other nominal species in the genus, all of them of Palearctic origin and parasitic in lumbricid earthworms. The genus
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F4FCFF77FADDFF2F" box="[1247,1330,229,254]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F4FCFF77FADDFF2F" box="[1247,1330,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Dicelis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes 14 species,
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F106FE9EFEA8FEF4" box="[293,327,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">viz</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F174FE9EFD64FEF7" authority="Dujardin, 1845" authorityName="Dujardin" authorityYear="1845" box="[343,651,268,294]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="filaria">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F174FE9EFE26FEF4" box="[343,457,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">D. filaria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CD504B22FFBB1E09F1F1FE9EFD64FEF7" author="Dujardin" box="[466,651,268,294]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" refString="Dujardin, F. (1845). Histoire naturelle des helminthes ou vers intestinaux. Paris, XVI + 654 pp." type="book" year="1845">Dujardin, 1845</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="767A8871FFBB1E09F2B8FE9EFD3EFEF7" box="[667,721,268,294]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
species),
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F36FFE9EFF3BFE9D" authority="Spiridonov, Ivanova &amp; Wilson, 2005" authorityName="Spiridonov, Ivanova &amp; Wilson" authorityYear="2005" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="caledoniensis">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F36FFE9EFBF8FEF4" box="[844,1047,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">D. caledoniensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CD504B22FFBB1E09F43CFE9EFF3BFE9D" author="Spiridonov" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" refString="Spiridonov, S. E., Ivanova, E. S. &amp; Wilson, M. J. (2005) The nematodes of the genus Dicelis Dujardin, 1845 parasitic in earthworms: the interrelationships of four Eurasian populations. Russian Journal of Nematology, 13, 61 - 81." type="journal article" year="2005">Spiridonov, Ivanova &amp; Wilson, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F0C3FEA0FE12FE9D" authority="Timm, 1967" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1967" box="[224,509,306,332]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="eiseniae">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F0C3FEA0FE8BFE9A" box="[224,356,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">D. eiseniae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CD504B22FFBB1E09F148FEA0FE12FE9D" author="Timm" box="[363,509,306,332]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" refString="Timm, R. W. (1967) Nematode parasites of the coelomic cavity of earthworms. VII. Four new genera and thirteen new species of the family Drilonematidae. Pakistan Journal of Biology and Agricultural Science, 10, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1967">Timm, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F229FEA0FB47FE9D" authority="Belostotskaya, Kozodoi &amp; Spiridonov, 1987" authorityName="Belostotskaya, Kozodoi &amp; Spiridonov" authorityYear="1987" box="[522,1192,306,332]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hyrcanus">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F229FEA0FD77FE9A" box="[522,664,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">D. hyrcanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CD504B22FFBB1E09F2BCFEA0FB47FE9D" author="Belostotskaya" box="[671,1192,306,332]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" refString="Belostotskaya, F. N., Kozodoi, E. M. &amp; Spiridonov, S. E. (1987) [Dicelis hyrcanus sp. n. (Nematoda, Drilonematidae) from earthworms and a revision of the genus Dicelis]. Trudi Laboratorii Helminthologii, 35, 6 - 11." type="journal article" year="1987">Belostotskaya, Kozodoi &amp; Spiridonov, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F496FEA0FE39FEA2" authority="Morand, Ivanova &amp; Vaucher, 1996" authorityName="Morand, Ivanova &amp; Vaucher" authorityYear="1996" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="keimeri">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F496FEA0FADEFE9A" box="[1205,1329,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">D. keimeri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CD504B22FFBB1E09F51BFEA0FE39FEA2" author="Morand" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" refString="Morand, S., Ivanova, E. S. &amp; Vaucher, C. (1996) Dicelis keimeri sp. n. (Nematoda: Drilonematidae) from the earthworm Octolasium pseudotranspadanum Zicsi, 1971 (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae). Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 63, 19 - 23." type="journal article" year="1996">Morand, Ivanova &amp; Vaucher, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F1C0FECBFC88FEA2" authority="Ivanova, 1993" authorityName="Ivanova" authorityYear="1993" box="[483,871,345,371]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="kimmeriensis">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F1C0FECBFD44FEA3" box="[483,683,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">D. kimmeriensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CD504B22FFBB1E09F297FECBFC88FEA2" author="Ivanova" box="[692,871,345,371]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" refString="Ivanova, E. S. (1993) I. Four new species of Dicelis Dujardin, 1845 from Eastern Europe and a diagnosis of the genus. Russian Journal of Nematology, 1, 103 - 116." type="journal article" year="1993">Ivanova, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F356FECBFB23FEA2" authority="Ivanova, 1993" authorityName="Ivanova" authorityYear="1993" box="[885,1228,345,371]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="lovatiana">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F356FECBFBFFFEA3" box="[885,1040,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">D. lovatiana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CD504B22FFBB1E09F43BFECBFB23FEA2" author="Ivanova" box="[1048,1228,345,371]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" refString="Ivanova, E. S. (1993) I. Four new species of Dicelis Dujardin, 1845 from Eastern Europe and a diagnosis of the genus. Russian Journal of Nematology, 1, 103 - 116." type="journal article" year="1993">Ivanova, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F4FAFECBFEA8FE4B" authority="Ivanova, 1993" authorityName="Ivanova" authorityYear="1993" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="lumbricicola">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F4FAFECBFA73FEA3" box="[1241,1436,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">D. lumbricicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CD504B22FFBB1E09F0B4FE12FEA8FE4B" author="Ivanova" box="[151,327,384,410]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" refString="Ivanova, E. S. (1993) I. Four new species of Dicelis Dujardin, 1845 from Eastern Europe and a diagnosis of the genus. Russian Journal of Nematology, 1, 103 - 116." type="journal article" year="1993">Ivanova, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F176FE12FD17FE4B" authority="Chitwood &amp; Lucker, 1934" authorityName="Chitwood &amp; Lucker" authorityYear="1934" box="[341,760,384,410]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="nira">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F176FE12FE41FE48" box="[341,430,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">D. nira</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CD504B22FFBB1E09F196FE12FD17FE4B" author="Chitwood" box="[437,760,384,410]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" refString="Chitwood, B. G. &amp; Lucker, J. T. (1934) Dicelis nira, new species (Nematoda: Drilonematidae). Proceedings of Helminthological Society of Washington, 1, 39." type="journal article" year="1934">Chitwood &amp; Lucker, 1934</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F325FE12FBA8FE4B" authority="Ivanova, 1993" authorityName="Ivanova" authorityYear="1993" box="[774,1095,384,410]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pereliae">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F325FE12FC60FE48" box="[774,911,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">D. pereliae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CD504B22FFBB1E09F3B4FE12FBA8FE4B" author="Ivanova" box="[919,1095,384,410]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" refString="Ivanova, E. S. (1993) I. Four new species of Dicelis Dujardin, 1845 from Eastern Europe and a diagnosis of the genus. Russian Journal of Nematology, 1, 103 - 116." type="journal article" year="1993">Ivanova, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F476FE12FA9DFE4B" authority="Timm, 1967" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1967" box="[1109,1394,384,410]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rossica">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F476FE12FB3EFE48" box="[1109,1233,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">D. rossica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CD504B22FFBB1E09F4F9FE12FA9DFE4B" author="Timm" box="[1242,1394,384,410]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" refString="Timm, R. W. (1967) Nematode parasites of the coelomic cavity of earthworms. VII. Four new genera and thirteen new species of the family Drilonematidae. Pakistan Journal of Biology and Agricultural Science, 10, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1967">Timm, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F55CFE12FE7FFE11" authority="Ivanova, 1994" authorityName="Ivanova" authorityYear="1994" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rubidi">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F55CFE12FF30FE11" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">D. rubidi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CD504B22FFBB1E09F0C5FE34FE7FFE11" author="Ivanova" box="[230,400,422,448]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" refString="Ivanova, E. S. (1994) II. Two new species of Dicelis Dujardin, 1845 from Siberia and a key to the species of the genus. Russian Journal of Nematology, 2, 65 - 74." type="journal article" year="1994">Ivanova, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F1BFFE35FD25FE11" authority="Ivanova, 1994" authorityName="Ivanova" authorityYear="1994" box="[412,714,422,448]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sibirica">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F1BFFE35FDF6FE11" box="[412,537,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">D. sibirica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CD504B22FFBB1E09F202FE34FD25FE11" author="Ivanova" box="[545,714,422,448]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" refString="Ivanova, E. S. (1994) II. Two new species of Dicelis Dujardin, 1845 from Siberia and a key to the species of the genus. Russian Journal of Nematology, 2, 65 - 74." type="journal article" year="1994">Ivanova, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F321FE35FA8CFE11" authority="Spiridonov, Ivanova &amp; Wilson, 2005" authorityName="Spiridonov, Ivanova &amp; Wilson" authorityYear="2005" box="[770,1379,422,448]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ussuriensis">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F321FE35FC47FE11" box="[770,936,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">D. ussuriensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CD504B22FFBB1E09F393FE34FA8CFE11" author="Spiridonov" box="[944,1379,422,448]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" refString="Spiridonov, S. E., Ivanova, E. S. &amp; Wilson, M. J. (2005) The nematodes of the genus Dicelis Dujardin, 1845 parasitic in earthworms: the interrelationships of four Eurasian populations. Russian Journal of Nematology, 13, 61 - 81." type="journal article" year="2005">Spiridonov, Ivanova &amp; Wilson, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. All of them have shorter, broader, cylindroid or conoid tails, often with digitiform appendages, much smaller and sometimes morphologically indistinct spermatheca, shorter spicules and indistinct excretory pore and duct. Exceptional for, and characteristic of,
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F25AFD88FCE9FDE2" box="[633,774,538,563]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="eiseniae">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F25AFD88FCE9FDE2" box="[633,774,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">D. eiseniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are the position of the vulva near mid-body and the presence of a post-uterine sac.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A97E36D3FFBB1E09F0E5FDFAFBB0FCCD" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1299]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
The characters by which this species differs from other species of
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F3C4FDFAFBD5FD50" box="[999,1082,616,641]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F3C4FDFAFBD5FD50" box="[999,1082,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Dicelis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, namely the narrowly conoid tail, prominent excretory pore, very long spermatheca and spicules, post-median vulva position and fimbriate organs, are more similar to characters of another genus of the same subfamily, namely
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F490FD27FF3AFD27" authority="Timm, 1967" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1967" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Adieronema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F490FD27FAABFD1F" box="[1203,1348,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Adieronema</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CD504B22FFBB1E09F56EFD27FF3AFD27" author="Timm" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" refString="Timm, R. W. (1967) Nematode parasites of the coelomic cavity of earthworms. VII. Four new genera and thirteen new species of the family Drilonematidae. Pakistan Journal of Biology and Agricultural Science, 10, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1967">Timm, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. This latter genus is parasitic in megascolecid earthworms of East-Asian origin, but
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F496FD4EFAE7FD24" box="[1205,1288,732,757]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F496FD4EFAE7FD24" box="[1205,1288,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Dicelis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from this genus by the absence of polar differentiation in eggs, (present in
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F3E3FC90FBA1FCCA" box="[960,1102,770,795]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Adieronema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F3E3FC90FBA1FCCA" box="[960,1102,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Adieronema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1DB6558FFBB1E09F0E5FCBBFE9BFA56" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A97E36D3FFBB1E09F0E5FCBBFF05FC66" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1299]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F0E5FCBBFEC2FC93" box="[198,301,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Remarks</emphasis>
. The Dicelinae, to which this species is assigned, contains only two genera,
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F533FCBBFA8CFC93" box="[1296,1379,809,834]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F533FCBBFA8CFC93" box="[1296,1379,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Dicelis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F0B4FCC2FEC3FCB8" box="[151,300,848,873]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Adieronema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F0B4FCC2FEC3FCB8" box="[151,300,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Adieronema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The first is parasitic in lumbricid earthworms and the second in megascolecids. Our new species is the first representative of the subfamily parasitic in a host from another family and geographical region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A97E36D3FFBB1E09F0E5FC56FADAFB3D" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1299]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
<bibRefCitation id="CD504B22FFBB1E09F0E5FC56FE8AFC0F" author="Timm" box="[198,357,964,990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" refString="Timm, R. W. (1967) Nematode parasites of the coelomic cavity of earthworms. VII. Four new genera and thirteen new species of the family Drilonematidae. Pakistan Journal of Biology and Agricultural Science, 10, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1967">Timm (1967)</bibRefCitation>
differentiated
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F23AFC56FD48FC0C" box="[537,679,964,989]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Adieronema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F23AFC56FD48FC0C" box="[537,679,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Adieronema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F2D6FC56FCA7FC0C" box="[757,840,964,989]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F2D6FC56FCA7FC0C" box="[757,840,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Dicelis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of a few characters, i.e. larger size, prominent excretory pore and very numerous typical ova with bipolar corona. This species displays affinities with species of both genera. In terms of general appearance it more strongly resembles species of
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F52DFB83FA73FBFB" box="[1294,1436,1041,1066]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Adieronema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F52DFB83FA73FBFB" box="[1294,1436,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Adieronema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than those of
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F116FBAAFE7FFB80" box="[309,400,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F116FBAAFE65FB80" box="[309,394,1080,1105]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Dicelis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
but shares similarities with
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F2FAFBAAFCC3FB80" box="[729,812,1080,1105]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F2FAFBAAFCC3FB80" box="[729,812,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Dicelis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. in body size, and less numerous (several dozens
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F0B4FBCDFF5FFBA9" box="[151,176,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">vs</emphasis>
several hundreds), but larger sized eggs lacking polar differentiation. For several species of
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F53BFBCDFA82FBA9" box="[1304,1389,1119,1144]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F53BFBCDFA82FBA9" box="[1304,1389,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Dicelis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F55CFBCDFEE9FB4F" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hyrcanus">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F55CFBCDFEE9FB4F" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">D. hyrcanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F135FB17FE5FFB4F" box="[278,432,1157,1183]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="lovatiana">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F135FB17FEC4FB4F" box="[278,299,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F11FFB17FE5FFB4F" box="[316,432,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">lovatiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F1E3FB17FDDEFB4F" box="[448,561,1157,1182]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rubidi">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F1E3FB17FDDEFB4F" box="[448,561,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">D. rubidi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F262FB17FCE2FB4F" box="[577,781,1157,1182]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="caledoniensis">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F262FB17FCE2FB4F" box="[577,781,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">D. caledoniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) it has been shown that the nerve ring in juveniles is situated around the pharynx, but that it “slips” to a position around the intestine during the growth of the nematodes. In the new species the nerve ring position remains the same in both adults and juveniles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A97E36D3FFBB1E09F0E5FB6BFAD1FAC2" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1299]" box="[198,1342,1273,1299]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">This species may represent yet another lineage of the genus, associated with eudrilid earthworms.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A97E36D3FFBB1E09F0B4FAFFFE9BFA56" blockId="5.[151,372,1389,1415]" box="[151,372,1389,1415]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F0B4FAFFFEF1FA56" box="[151,286,1389,1415]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Paradicelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F0B4FAFFFEF1FA56" bold="true" box="[151,286,1389,1415]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Paradicelis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="808657BAFFBB1E09F106FAFFFE9BFA56" box="[293,372,1389,1415]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1DB6558FFBB1E09F0B4FA29FEE3F9BE" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="A97E36D3FFBB1E09F0B4FA29FEE3F9BE" blockId="5.[151,1436,1466,1724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F0B4FA29FEE1FA05" box="[151,270,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Drilonematoidea,
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F1D1FA28FC97FA05" authority="Dicelinae. Four" authorityName="Dicelinae. Four" box="[498,888,1466,1492]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Drilonematidae, Dicelinae. Four</taxonomicName>
papilliform cephalic sensilla. Mouth aperture terminal. Stoma short, infundibular. Amphids pore-like. Pharynx cylindroid. Nerve ring circum-intestinal. Excretory pore anterior to nerve ring. Males monorchic; spicules paired and curved; gubernaculum plate-like. Irregular bursa supported by whip-like sensilla. Paired small caudal fimbriate organs present. Females unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1DB6558FFBB1E09F0E5F9EEFBF9F947" box="[198,1046,1660,1686]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="A97E36D3FFBB1E09F0E5F9EEFBF9F947" blockId="5.[151,1436,1466,1724]" box="[198,1046,1660,1686]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F0E5F9EEFEACF944" box="[198,323,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Etymology</emphasis>
: The generic name reflects an affinity with the genus
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F39FF9EEFBE0F944" box="[956,1039,1660,1685]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Dicelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F39FF9EEFBE0F944" box="[956,1039,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Dicelis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1DB6558FFBB1E09F0E5F931FC8EF96D" box="[198,865,1698,1724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A97E36D3FFBB1E09F0E5F931FC8EF96D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1466,1724]" box="[198,865,1698,1724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F0E5F931FE29F96D" box="[198,454,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
<typeStatus id="767A8871FFBB1E09F0E5F931FF12F96D" box="[198,253,1699,1724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Type</typeStatus>
and only species
</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="6EC14D50FFBB1E09F1F6F931FD51F96D" box="[469,702,1699,1724]" class="Secernentea" family="Drilonematidae" genus="Paradicelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bursata" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="9BB5EAC1FFBB1E09F1F6F931FD51F96D" box="[469,702,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Paradicelis bursata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="808657BAFFBB1E09F2E6F930FCFAF96D" box="[709,789,1698,1724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, sp. n.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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