treatments-xml/data/08/2A/87/082A87BA790082166A0B090DFB1FFBC3.xml

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<mods:title id="BBDBC1435D2F0E757B5CAD37CFE4C65F">Two varieties of Clerodendrum L. (Lamiaceae) from Madagascar raised to specific rank</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9822CEA0500EFD7E5D72AC5FE5F6274D">Phillipson, Peter B.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="47834D2F790082166A0B090DFD5CFE9D" ID-CoL="8WSLB" authority="(Moldenke) Phillipson &amp; Callm." authorityName="Phillipson &amp; Callm." authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Moldenke" box="[116,762,282,306]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Clerodendrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="376" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="giganteum" status="comb. et stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B2F7EABE790082166A0B090DFE21FE9D" bold="true" box="[116,391,282,306]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">Clerodendrum giganteum</emphasis>
(Moldenke) Phillipson &amp; Callm.
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, 
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<paragraph id="803C36AC790082166AE50969FDF7FE1C" blockId="3.[154,767,379,435]" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">
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÷ 
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<taxonomicName id="47834D2F790082166ABF096CFD42FE3C" ID-CoL="8WSLB" authority="Moldenke" authorityName="Moldenke" authorityYear="1950" box="[192,740,379,403]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Clerodendrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="376" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="aucubifolium" variety="giganteum">
<emphasis id="B2F7EABE790082166ABF096CFE7EFE3C" box="[192,472,379,403]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">Clerodendrum aucubifolium</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B2F7EABE790082166878096CFDD6FE3D" box="[519,624,379,402]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">giganteum</emphasis>
Moldenke
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in 
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</treatmentCitation>
.
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:
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. 
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Antsiranana:
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, 
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, [
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, 
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, 
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10229
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(
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: 
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[
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[
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, 
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B2F7EABE790082166AE50A6BFEE5FD3B" box="[154,323,636,660]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">Vernacular name.</emphasis>
– “Ambora” 
<emphasis id="B2F7EABE790082166BBF0A6BFD31FD3B" box="[448,663,636,660]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">(Antilahimena 2089).</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C8996527790082166AE50AAAFD1BFB57" pageId="3" pageNumber="376" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="803C36AC790082166AE50AAAFD1BFB57" blockId="3.[117,767,701,1272]" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">
<emphasis id="B2F7EABE790082166AE50AAAFDF4FD7B" box="[154,594,701,725]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">Distribution, ecology and conservation status</emphasis>
. – 
<taxonomicName id="47834D2F79008216680E0AAAFF47FD5A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Clerodendrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="376" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="giganteum">
<emphasis id="B2F7EABE79008216680E0AAAFF47FD5A" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">Clerodendrum giganteum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from five localities scattered across the northern part of 
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, spanning the humid and subhumid bioclimatic zones, and all within Madagascar’s protected area network (Ampasindava-Galoka-Kalobinono, Makira, Manongarivo, and Marojejy). The species would appear to be relatively rare, having been collected few times despite having highly conspicuous flowers and generally occurring in areas where inventory work has been conducted. The collections have all been made in forest or woodland, frequently near streams, on a variety of substrates, at low elevations (near sea-level to 
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) in the west and mid to high elevations (
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) in the east. The localities are taken to represent five separate subpopulations, none of which are known to be threatened, and no decline in the extent of occurrence or area of occupancy of the species can be projected. 
<taxonomicName id="47834D2F7900821668550CB7FF01FB77" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Clerodendrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="376" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="giganteum">
<emphasis id="B2F7EABE7900821668550CB7FF01FB77" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">Clerodendrum giganteum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is therefore assessed as “Least Concern” [LC] following IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (
<bibRefCitation id="E4124B5D7900821668580CF7FD14FB57" author="IUCN" box="[551,690,1248,1272]" journalOrPublisher="Gland &amp; Cambridge" pageId="3" pageNumber="376" refId="ref4457" refString="IUCN (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. 2 nd ed. Gland &amp; Cambridge." title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. 2 nd ed" type="book" year="2012">IUCN, 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C8996527790082166AE50D36FB6DFCF6" pageId="3" pageNumber="376" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="803C36AC790082166AE50D36FB6DFCF6" blockId="3.[116,767,1313,1949]" lastBlockId="3.[804,1455,282,857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">
<emphasis id="B2F7EABE790082166AE50D36FE8BFA96" box="[154,301,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">Observations</emphasis>
. – 
<taxonomicName id="47834D2F790082166B290D36FDD7FA96" box="[342,625,1313,1337]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Clerodendrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="376" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="giganteum">
<emphasis id="B2F7EABE790082166B290D36FDD7FA96" box="[342,625,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">Clerodendrum giganteum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was distinguished by 
<bibRefCitation id="E4124B5D790082166A8E0D56FE5DFAF6" author="Moldenke, H. N." box="[241,507,1345,1369]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Torrey Bot. Club" pageId="3" pageNumber="376" pagination="380 - 405" part="77" refId="ref4516" refString="Moldenke, H. N. (1950). Novelties in the Eriocaulaceae and Verbenaceae, II. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 77: 380 - 405." title="Novelties in the Eriocaulaceae and Verbenaceae, II" type="journal article" year="1950">Moldenke (1950: 393)</bibRefCitation>
from typical 
<taxonomicName id="47834D2F7900821668EE0D56FF1CFAD6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Clerodendrum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="376" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aucubifolium">
<emphasis id="B2F7EABE7900821668EE0D56FF1CFAD6" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">C. aucubifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its much larger calyx - “ 
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long, flaring to 
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wide at the apex” at anthesis, and by its slender corolla tube - “up to 
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long”, expanding to a funnelshaped mouth, with its lobes c. 
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long, and a deeply lobed fruiting-calyx. The species is not known to have been collected again at the type locality (the Manongarivo Massif in north-western 
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), but the type can be matched with material from a number of other sites in the north of the island. The exceptionally large size of the calyx and corolla of this plant is confirmed by our study, but the stated diameter of the calyx apex was mis-reported, all of the flowers on the type collection have a calyx diameter of no more than c. 
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. The mouth of the corolla is considerably larger in diameter, and it is possibly this dimension that was given in error. Careful examination of the 
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and two isotypes at P, reveal considerable variation in the length of the corolla tube, and some of the open flowers of these specimens are only c. 
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long. This trend is seen in other specimens of 
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<emphasis id="B2F7EABE790082166E7E090CFB36FE9D" box="[1025,1168,283,306]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">C. giganteum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and we hypothesise that the corolla tube, the filaments and style might continue to expand during anthesis. Perhaps an adaptation of this kind could facilitate pollination by a range of different pollinators, but clearly field observations are needed to confirm or refute this hypothesis. Otherwise, calyx and corolla dimensions vary little among the other specimens now available. 
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<emphasis id="B2F7EABE79008216691E09EAFBD3FDBA" box="[865,1141,509,533]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">Clerodendrum giganteum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished f rom 
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<emphasis id="B2F7EABE79008216695B0A09FC0EFD9A" box="[804,936,541,565]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">C. thouarsii</emphasis>
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by its smaller (13-18 X 4.5-5.5 vs. 13- 27 X 
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) leaves which are narrowly elliptic-obovate and membranous vs. broadly elliptic-obovate and sub-coriaceous, and also by its less contracted inflorescences with much smaller bracts (the bract subtending the inflorescence unit 3 X 
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vs. 13-16 X 
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, and the bract subtending the flower 7 
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vs. 15 
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). The corollas of 
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<emphasis id="B2F7EABE79008216695B0B16FC13FCB7" box="[804,949,769,792]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">C. giganteum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
generally have longer tubes, but shorter lob es than those of 
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<emphasis id="B2F7EABE7900821669A70B36FBF5FC97" box="[984,1107,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">C. thouarsii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. See 
<tableCitation id="CD010317790082166EF30B37FB7BFC96" box="[1164,1245,800,825]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[139,195,1469,1489]" captionTargetBox="[147,1471,1543,1946]" captionTargetId="graphics-577@2.[139,1477,1728,1760]" captionText="Table 1. – Comparison of key characters that differentiate Clerodendrum aucubifolium Baker, C. giganteum (Moldenke) Phillipson &amp; Callm. and C. thouarsii Phillipson &amp; Callm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D4FC6624790182176AF40DAAFE70FA5E" pageId="3" pageNumber="376" tableUuid="D4FC6624790182176AF40DAAFE70FA5E">Table 1</tableCitation>
for more details of the different between the two species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="B2F7EABE7900821669350B97FB9FFC3C" box="[842,1081,896,915]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">Other specimens examined. –</emphasis>
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. 
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:
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, 
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, 
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, 
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&amp; Saboureau
</collectorName>
31407
</emphasis>
(
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, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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<collectorName id="2D76537A790082166F770BFBFAF8FC50" box="[1288,1374,1004,1023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">Rakotovao</collectorName>
4339
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(
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, 
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, 
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:
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, 
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, 
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, 
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<collectingDate id="E479E984790082166E120C34FB1BFB99" box="[1133,1213,1059,1078]" pageId="3" pageNumber="376" value="2003-10-04">4.X.2003</collectingDate>
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, 
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2089
</emphasis>
(
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, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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<collectingDate id="E479E98479008216695B0C4EFC21FBC3" box="[804,903,1113,1132]" pageId="3" pageNumber="376" value="2003-11-24">24.XI.2003</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
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<collectorName id="2D76537A7900821669F00C4EFC59FBC3" box="[911,1023,1113,1132]" pageId="3" pageNumber="376">Antilahimena</collectorName>
2375
</emphasis>
(
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, 
<collectionCode id="E692AE69790082166E140C4EFBD0FBC3" box="[1131,1142,1113,1132]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="3" pageNumber="376" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="E692AE69790082166E010C4EFB09FBC3" box="[1150,1199,1113,1132]" country="Madagascar" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13842" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13842" name="Parc de Tsimbazaza" pageId="3" pageNumber="376" type="Herbarium">TAN</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>