230 lines
32 KiB
XML
230 lines
32 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="3A49E3EFC07AEA3DD012C634AD58B7C2">The type specimens, type localities and nomenclature of Sarcoramphus vultures (Aves: Cathartidae), with a note on their speciation</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="FFED86303E8E806D24CC382A4C4D0C1A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03D97D04FFAFB653FF43B01AD40AFC4E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6115867" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119596311" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6115867" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D97D04FFAFB653FF43B01AD40AFC4E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D97D04FFAFB653FF43B01AD40AFC4E" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="582" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">
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<subSubSection id="C36A9F99FFAFB653FF43B01AD40AFC4E" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="582" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCFCC12FFAFB652FF43B01AD34BF9A5" blockId="2.[151,600,1544,1571]" box="[151,600,1544,1571]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">
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<heading id="D0877B7EFFAFB652FF43B01AD34BF9A5" bold="true" box="[151,600,1544,1571]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAFB652FF43B01AD34BF9A5" authority="Zimmermann" authorityName="Zimmermann" box="[151,600,1544,1571]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Sarcoramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacer">
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFAFB652FF43B01AD34BF9A5" bold="true" box="[151,600,1544,1571]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFAFB652FF43B01AD09CF9A4" bold="true" box="[151,399,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Sarcoramphus sacer</emphasis>
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(Zimmermann)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCFCC12FFAFB652FF43B042D5F3F89B" blockId="2.[151,1437,1615,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FF43B042D092F9EE" author="Bartram" box="[151,385,1615,1640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Bartram, W. (1791) Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East & West Florida, the Cherokee Country, the extensive territories of the Muscogulges, or Creek Confederacy, and the country of the Chactaws; containing an account of the soil and natural productions of those regions, together with observations on the manners of the Indians. James & Johnson, Philadelphia, xxxiv + 522 pp." type="book" year="1791">Bartram (1791: 150)</bibRefCitation>
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described from his travels in southeastern North
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<collectingCountry id="F3678C82FFAFB652FC6FB05DD508F9EE" box="[955,1051,1615,1640]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">America</collectingCountry>
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a vulture, which he called
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<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAFB652FA82B042D1C6F90A" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Vultur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacra">
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFAFB652FA82B042D1C6F90A" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Vultur sacra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Most ornithologists accepted
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<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAFB652FDFBB067D37EF90A" box="[559,621,1653,1676]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Vultur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacra">
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFAFB652FDFBB067D37EF90A" box="[559,621,1653,1676]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">sacra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a valid species until the 1870s (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FBFBB066D5D5F90A" author="Vieillot" box="[1071,1222,1652,1677]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Vieillot, L. P. (1819) Zopilote, Gypagus. In: Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle. Vol. 36. Deterville, Paris, pp. 449 - 459." type="book" year="1819">Vieillot 1819</bibRefCitation>
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: 458,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FADEB066D48BF90B" author="Cassin" box="[1290,1432,1652,1677]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Cassin, J. (1853) Illustrations of the birds of California, Texas, Oregon, British and Russian America. J. B. Lippincott & Co., Philadelphia, viii + 298 pp." type="book" year="1853">Cassin 1853</bibRefCitation>
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: 59,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FF10B085D044F936" author="Sharpe" box="[196,343,1687,1712]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Sharpe, R. B. (1874) Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum. Vol. 1. Catalogue of the Accipitres, or diurnal birds of prey, in the collection of the British Museum. The Trustees [of the British Museum], London, xii + 479 pp." type="book" year="1874">Sharpe 1874</bibRefCitation>
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: 22, footnote), but subsequent authors (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FC8EB085D510F936" author="Ridgway" box="[858,1027,1687,1712]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Ridgway, R. (1887) A manual of North American birds. J. B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, xi + 631 pp. + 124 pls." type="book" year="1887">Ridgway 1887</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FBC6B08AD589F936" author="Peters" box="[1042,1178,1688,1712]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Peters, J. L. (1931) Check-list of birds of the world. Vol. 1. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, xviii + 345 pp." type="book" year="1931">Peters 1931</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FB7DB085D1C0F952" author="Hellmayr" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Hellmayr, C. E. & Conover, B. (1949) Catalogue of birds of the Americas and the adjacent islands in Field Museum of Natural History, including all species and subspecies known to occur in North America, Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and islands of the Caribbean Sea, the Galapagos Archipelago and other islands which may be included on account of their faunal affinities. Vol. 1 (4): Cathartidae - Accipitridae - Pandionidae - Falconidae. Field Museum of Natural History, Zoological Series, 13 (1 / 4), i - vi, 1 - 358." type="book chapter" year="1949">Hellmayr & Conover 1949</bibRefCitation>
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: 4,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FF2DB0AED0A6F953" author="Friedmann" box="[249,437,1724,1749]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Friedmann, H. (1950) The birds of North and Middle America. Part 11. Family Cathartidae-The American vultures, Family Accipitridae-The hawks, eagles, kites, harriers, and Old World vultures, Family Pandionidae-The ospreys, Family Falconidae - The falcons and caracaras. Unites States National Museum Bulletin, 50, i - xiii, 1 - 793." type="journal article" year="1950">Friedmann 1950</bibRefCitation>
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: 17) did not recognize
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<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAFB652FD60B0AFD3E1F952" box="[692,754,1725,1748]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Vultur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacra">
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFAFB652FD60B0AFD3E1F952" box="[692,754,1725,1748]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">sacra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a taxon. Other authors (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FB80B0AED5CEF952" author="Yadav" box="[1108,1245,1724,1749]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Yadav, P. R. (2004) Vanishing and endangered species. Discovery Publishing House, New Delhi, 310 pp." type="book" year="2004">Yadav 2004</bibRefCitation>
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: 44–46, Hume & Walters 2011: 329–330) were uncertain about its taxonomic status. Recently,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FBC5B0CDD405F97E" author="Snyder" box="[1041,1302,1759,1784]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Snyder, N. F. R. & Fry, J. T. (2013) Validity of Bartram's Painted Vulture (Aves: Cathartidae). Zootaxa, 3613, 61 - 82. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3613.1.3" type="journal article" year="2013">Snyder and Fry (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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resurrected
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<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAFB652FF43B117D1C6F89A" box="[151,213,1797,1820]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Vultur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacra">
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFAFB652FF43B117D1C6F89A" box="[151,213,1797,1820]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">sacra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a species, but left the authorship of the name, its
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<typeStatus id="54CB72B0FFAFB652FCCAB117D25DF89B" box="[798,846,1797,1821]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">type</typeStatus>
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locality and
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<typeStatus id="54CB72B0FFAFB652FC0BB117D51CF89B" box="[991,1039,1797,1821]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">type</typeStatus>
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series unresolved.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCFCC12FFAFB652FF13B135D0A7F873" blockId="2.[151,1437,1615,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">
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The name
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<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAFB652FEEBB13AD0DBF8C6" box="[319,456,1832,1856]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Vultur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacra">
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFAFB652FEEBB13AD0DBF8C6" box="[319,456,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">Vultur sacra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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first appeared in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FD47B13AD2A4F8C6" author="Bartram" box="[659,951,1831,1856]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Bartram, W. (1791) Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East & West Florida, the Cherokee Country, the extensive territories of the Muscogulges, or Creek Confederacy, and the country of the Chactaws; containing an account of the soil and natural productions of those regions, together with observations on the manners of the Indians. James & Johnson, Philadelphia, xxxiv + 522 pp." type="book" year="1791">Bartram (1791: 150, 289)</bibRefCitation>
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, but this work was correctly recognized as non-binominal and the names created by Bartram in it were declared not available for the purposes of zoological nomenclature (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FE95B17DD0EAF80E" author="Hemming" box="[321,505,1903,1928]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Hemming, F. (1955) Proposed rejection for nomenclatorial purposes of Bartram (W.), 1791, " Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida " and of later editions of the same work (a proposal based upon the papers of the late James Lee Peters). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 11, 99 - 102." type="journal article" year="1955">Hemming 1955</bibRefCitation>
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, ICZN 1957).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FD73B162D280F80E" author="McAtee" box="[679,915,1904,1928]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="McAtee, W. L. (1942) Bartram's Painted Vulture. Auk, 59, 104. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 4079172" type="journal article" year="1942">McAtee (1942: 104)</bibRefCitation>
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suggested that
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<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAFB652FB98B163D599F80E" box="[1100,1162,1905,1928]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Vultur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacra">
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFAFB652FB98B163D599F80E" box="[1100,1162,1905,1928]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">sacra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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should be attributed to Lesson (“1831” = 1830: 26; for the dating of Lesson’s work see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FC67B186D572F82A" author="Mathews" box="[947,1121,1940,1965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Mathews, G. M. (1911) On some necessary alterations in the nomenclature of birds. Part II. Novitates Zoologicae, 18, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1911">Mathews 1911</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FBA6B186D5BEF82B" author="Mathews" box="[1138,1197,1940,1965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Mathews, G. M. (1925) The birds of Australia. Supplement 4. Bibliography of the birds of Australia [Part 1]. H. F. & G. Witherby, London, viii + 96 pp." type="book" year="1925">1925</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FB6BB186D471F82B" author="Zimmer" box="[1215,1378,1940,1965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Zimmer, J. T. (1926) Catalogue of the Edward E. Ayer ornithological library. Part II. Field Museum of Natural History, Publication, Zoological Series 16, 240 365 - 706." type="journal article" year="1926">Zimmer 1926</bibRefCitation>
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; and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FF43B1AAD05FF856" author="Dickinson" box="[151,332,1976,2001]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Dickinson, E. C. (2008) Lessons from the past: a bibliographic puzzle. Indian Birds, 4 (2), 70 - 71." type="journal article" year="2008">Dickinson 2008</bibRefCitation>
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, 2011).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FE72B1AAD38EF856" author="Friedmann" box="[422,669,1976,2001]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Friedmann, H. (1950) The birds of North and Middle America. Part 11. Family Cathartidae-The American vultures, Family Accipitridae-The hawks, eagles, kites, harriers, and Old World vultures, Family Pandionidae-The ospreys, Family Falconidae - The falcons and caracaras. Unites States National Museum Bulletin, 50, i - xiii, 1 - 793." type="journal article" year="1950">Friedmann (1950: 17)</bibRefCitation>
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attributed
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<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAFB652FCC2B1ABD247F856" box="[790,852,1977,2000]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Vultur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacra">
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFAFB652FCC2B1ABD247F856" box="[790,852,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="581">sacra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to Cassin (“1854" [= 1853]: 59), a view adopted by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAFB652FF43B1CED0A2F873" author="Snyder" box="[151,433,2012,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="581" refString="Snyder, N. F. R. & Fry, J. T. (2013) Validity of Bartram's Painted Vulture (Aves: Cathartidae). Zootaxa, 3613, 61 - 82. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3613.1.3" type="journal article" year="2013">Snyder & Fry (2013: 75)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCFCC12FFAEB653FF13B68AD556FE0E" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
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My search of literature showed that the name
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<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAEB653FD03B68AD277FF36" box="[727,868,152,176]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Vultur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacra">
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<emphasis id="B9041000FFAEB653FD03B68AD277FF36" box="[727,868,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Vultur sacra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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should be attributed to Zimmermann (in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAEB653FA94B68AD1C0FF52" author="Bartram" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" refString="Bartram, W. (1793) Reisen durch Nord- und Sud-Karolina, Georgie, Ost- und West-Florida, das Gebiet der Tscherokesen, Krihks und Tschaktahs; nebst umstandlichen Nachrichten von den Einwohnern, dem Boden und den Naturprodukten diesen wenig bekannten großen Lander. Voss, Berlin, xxvi + 469 pp." type="book" year="1793">Bartram 1793</bibRefCitation>
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: 147, footnote). Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann (
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<date id="FFCEEAD2FFAEB653FC71B6AED53BFF53" box="[933,1064,188,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" value="1743" valueMax="1815">1743–1815</date>
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), a
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<collectingCountry id="F3678C82FFAEB653FB80B6AED5BDFF52" box="[1108,1198,188,212]" name="Germany" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">German</collectingCountry>
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zoologist, translated Bartram's book into
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3678C82FFAEB653FE5EB6F2D0F4FF7E" box="[394,487,224,248]" name="Germany" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">German</collectingCountry>
|
||
, blamed Bartram for his ignorance of scientific literature and non-acceptance of Linnaean nomenclature and added, in footnotes, Latin binomina to those species described by Bartram which he (Zimmermann) recognized as new for science. His names added to Bartram's work are thus available for the purposes of zoological nomenclature, as first observed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAEB653FCFAB75ED2F9FEE2" author="Mathews" box="[814,1002,332,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" refString="Mathews, G. M. (1914) Some binary generic names. Auk, 31, 86 - 91. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 4071842" type="journal article" year="1914">Mathews (1914)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Shortly after Zimmermann, the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAEB653FF43B762D032FE0E" box="[151,289,368,392]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Vultur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9041000FFAEB653FF43B762D032FE0E" box="[151,289,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Vultur sacra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was also used by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAEB653FE38B762D3D3FE0E" author="Meyer" box="[492,704,368,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" refString="Meyer, F. A. A. (1794) Neue Thiere aus William Bertrams [sic] Reisen, durch Nord- und Sudcarolina. [Meyer's] Zoologische Annalen, 1, 283 - 298." type="journal article" year="1794">Meyer (1794: 288)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in a manner required by the Code.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFCC12FFAEB653FF13B786D5CCFE73" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
|
||
Although the species was described as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAEB653FD5AB786D209FE2A" box="[654,794,404,428]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Vultur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9041000FFAEB653FD5AB786D209FE2A" box="[654,794,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Vultur sacra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, the ending of the specific name should be corrected to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAEB653FF43B7ABD1C7FE56" box="[151,212,441,464]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Sarcoramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9041000FFAEB653FF43B7ABD1C7FE56" box="[151,212,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">sacer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
if combined with the generic names
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAEB653FDA8B7AAD3D3FE56" box="[636,704,440,464]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Vultur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9041000FFAEB653FDA8B7AAD3D3FE56" box="[636,704,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Vultur</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAEB653FD3FB7AAD29EFE56" box="[747,909,440,464]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Sarcoramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9041000FFAEB653FD3FB7AAD29EFE56" box="[747,909,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Sarcoramphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because the gender of both of these names is masculine and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAEB653FEEBB7CFD06FFE72" box="[319,380,477,500]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Sarcoramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9041000FFAEB653FEEBB7CFD06FFE72" box="[319,380,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">sacer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a classical Latin adjective, meaning sacred or holy (Art. 34.2 of the Code).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFCC12FFAEB653FF13B7EDD26EFD2E" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
|
||
Zimmermann (in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAEB653FE45B412D33CFD9E" author="Bartram" box="[401,559,512,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" refString="Bartram, W. (1793) Reisen durch Nord- und Sud-Karolina, Georgie, Ost- und West-Florida, das Gebiet der Tscherokesen, Krihks und Tschaktahs; nebst umstandlichen Nachrichten von den Einwohnern, dem Boden und den Naturprodukten diesen wenig bekannten großen Lander. Voss, Berlin, xxvi + 469 pp." type="book" year="1793">Bartram 1793</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) clearly based his
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAEB653FCDDB413D256FD9E" box="[777,837,513,536]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Sarcoramphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9041000FFAEB653FCDDB413D256FD9E" box="[777,837,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">sacer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the birds described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAEB653FBA8B412D435FD9E" author="Bartram" box="[1148,1318,512,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" refString="Bartram, W. (1791) Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East & West Florida, the Cherokee Country, the extensive territories of the Muscogulges, or Creek Confederacy, and the country of the Chactaws; containing an account of the soil and natural productions of those regions, together with observations on the manners of the Indians. James & Johnson, Philadelphia, xxxiv + 522 pp." type="book" year="1791">Bartram (1791</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 150–152, 1792: 148–150, 1793: 147–149). Bartram reported on an unspecified number of birds of this species and mentioned that "the Creeks or Muscogulges construct their royal standard of the tail feather of this bird" (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAEB653FB6AB45AD0D8FD03" author="Bartram" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" refString="Bartram, W. (1791) Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East & West Florida, the Cherokee Country, the extensive territories of the Muscogulges, or Creek Confederacy, and the country of the Chactaws; containing an account of the soil and natural productions of those regions, together with observations on the manners of the Indians. James & Johnson, Philadelphia, xxxiv + 522 pp." type="book" year="1791">Bartram 1791: 151; note the singular “feather”</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB72B0FFAEB653FD81B47FD396FD03" box="[597,645,621,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series upon which Zimmermann (in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAEB653FBE7B47FD5C2FD02" author="Bartram" box="[1075,1233,620,644]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" refString="Bartram, W. (1793) Reisen durch Nord- und Sud-Karolina, Georgie, Ost- und West-Florida, das Gebiet der Tscherokesen, Krihks und Tschaktahs; nebst umstandlichen Nachrichten von den Einwohnern, dem Boden und den Naturprodukten diesen wenig bekannten großen Lander. Voss, Berlin, xxvi + 469 pp." type="book" year="1793">Bartram 1793</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) based his
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAEB653FA82B47ED1C7FD2E" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Vultur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9041000FFAEB653FA82B47ED1C7FD2E" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Vultur sacer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
consists of an unspecified set of specimens and tail feathers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFCC12FFAEB653FF13B4A6D554FCBE" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAEB653FF13B4A6D332FD4B" author="Snyder" box="[199,545,692,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" refString="Snyder, N. F. R. & Fry, J. T. (2013) Validity of Bartram's Painted Vulture (Aves: Cathartidae). Zootaxa, 3613, 61 - 82. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3613.1.3" type="journal article" year="2013">Snyder and Fry (2013: 68–69)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
speculated that the feathers shown on the picture of "Mico Chlucco the Long Warrior" (see below for citations) might belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAEB653FD0CB4CAD273FD76" box="[728,864,728,752]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Vultur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9041000FFAEB653FD0CB4CAD273FD76" box="[728,864,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Vultur sacer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Considering that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAEB653FBE7B4CAD5C8FD76" author="Bartram" box="[1075,1243,728,752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" refString="Bartram, W. (1791) Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East & West Florida, the Cherokee Country, the extensive territories of the Muscogulges, or Creek Confederacy, and the country of the Chactaws; containing an account of the soil and natural productions of those regions, together with observations on the manners of the Indians. James & Johnson, Philadelphia, xxxiv + 522 pp." type="book" year="1791">Bartram (1791</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAEB653FB33B4CAD431FD76" author="Bartram" box="[1255,1314,728,752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" refString="Bartram, W. (1792) Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, the Cherokee Country, the extensive territories of the Muscogulges, or Creek Confederacy, and the country of the Chactaws. Containing an account of the soil and natural productions of those regions; together with observations on the manners of the Indians. J. Johnson, London, xxiv + 520 + [11] pp." type="journal article" year="1792">1792</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAEB653FAFBB4CAD47BFD76" author="Bartram" box="[1327,1384,728,752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" refString="Bartram, W. (1793) Reisen durch Nord- und Sud-Karolina, Georgie, Ost- und West-Florida, das Gebiet der Tscherokesen, Krihks und Tschaktahs; nebst umstandlichen Nachrichten von den Einwohnern, dem Boden und den Naturprodukten diesen wenig bekannten großen Lander. Voss, Berlin, xxvi + 469 pp." type="book" year="1793">1793</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) did not refer to these specific feathers when he described the vulture, there is no basis for considering the feathers shown on the pictures of Long Warrior to be
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB72B0FFAEB653FD5BB532D3E2FCBE" box="[655,753,800,824]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAEB653FCC2B532D554FCBE" authority="Zimmermann." authorityName="Zimmermann." box="[790,1095,799,824]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Vultur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9041000FFAEB653FCC2B532D28CFCBE" box="[790,927,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Vultur sacer</emphasis>
|
||
Zimmermann.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFCC12FFAEB653FF13B557D40AFC4E" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAEB653FF13B557D0B2FCDA" author="Harper" box="[199,417,836,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" refString="Harper, F. (1936) The Vultur sacra of William Bartram. Auk, 53, 381 - 392." type="journal article" year="1936">Harper (1936: 381)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that Bartram observed these vultures at St. John's River north of Lake George, Florida, because he (Bartram) reported on them in the corresponding part of his travelogue (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAEB653FAD3B57AD48BFC06" author="Harper" box="[1287,1432,872,896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" refString="Harper, F. (Ed.) (1943) William Bartram: Travels in Georgia and Florida, 1773 - 74. A report to Dr. John Fothergill. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series, 33, 121 - 242. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 4078256" type="journal article" year="1943">Harper 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 165).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1B1E3FFAEB653FF0CB59ED0FFFC22" author="Snyder" box="[216,492,908,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" refString="Snyder, N. F. R. & Fry, J. T. (2013) Validity of Bartram's Painted Vulture (Aves: Cathartidae). Zootaxa, 3613, 61 - 82. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3613.1.3" type="journal article" year="2013">Snyder & Fry (2013: 79)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
came to the same conclusion. Thus, this area, approximately corresponding with the modern-day Putnam County, Florida, can be considered the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB72B0FFAEB653FCECB5A2D27BFC4E" box="[824,872,944,968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70B791FFAEB653FC3CB5A2D40AFC4E" authority="Zimmermann." authorityName="Zimmermann." box="[1000,1305,943,968]" class="Aves" family="Cathartidae" genus="Vultur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="582" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9041000FFAEB653FC3CB5A2D561FC4E" box="[1000,1138,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="582">Vultur sacer</emphasis>
|
||
Zimmermann.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |