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<document id="FD6CBE571B5A5FB43ED22EB0A58DA41C" ID-CLB-Dataset="8372" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4524335" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3521b9ea-1966-43de-9660-e56c258390f3" ID-ISSN="0253-116X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4524335" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1612223533551" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Ebmer, A. W." docDate="2011" docId="865F8797FFC68D07FF09FCECEF15D6BC" docLanguage="de" docName="LinzerbiolBeitr.43.1.0005-0083.pdf" docOrigin="Linzer biologische Beiträge 43 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:24E5EB772D355DE2EE23B1E8D07853E0.9:LinzerbiolBeitr.2006-.journal_article" docStyleId="24E5EB772D355DE2EE23B1E8D07853E0" docStyleName="LinzerbiolBeitr.2006-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Colletes impunctatus NYLANDER 1852" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="7A66FFEFFFCF8D0DFFBBFFD6EE32D318" masterDocTitle="Holarktische Bienenarten - autochthon, eingeführt, eingeschleppt" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="5" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1698926274955" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="B9095B7C2C26A8ED208905A2065E29C5">Holarktische Bienenarten - autochthon, eingeführt, eingeschleppt</mods:title>
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<treatment id="865F8797FFC68D07FF09FCECEF15D6BC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4524353" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177311917" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4524353" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:865F8797FFC68D07FF09FCECEF15D6BC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/865F8797FFC68D07FF09FCECEF15D6BC" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
<subSubSection id="46EC650AFFC68D04FF09FCECEC73D048" box="[178,577,826,848]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0E493681FFC68D04FF09FCECEC73D048" blockId="9.[178,577,826,848]" box="[178,577,826,848]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="550181EDFFC68D04FF09FCECEC73D048" box="[178,577,826,848]" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFC68D04FF09FCECEC73D048" ID-CoL="X3DS" authority="NYLANDER 1852" authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1852" box="[178,577,826,848]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Colletes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impunctatus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC68D04FF09FCECEC73D048" bold="true" box="[178,577,826,848]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC68D04FF09FCECEFBED048" bold="true" box="[178,396,826,848]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Colletes impunctatus</emphasis>
NYLANDER 1852
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46EC650AFFC68D07FF09FCB7EF15D6BC" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="0E493681FFC68D04FF09FCB7EFE0D06D" blockId="9.[178,1085,864,1188]" box="[178,466,864,890]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
<figureCitation id="96CD2A04FFC68D04FF09FCB7EEC0D06D" box="[178,242,865,885]" captionStart="Abb" captionStartId="65.[178,221,1440,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-1@64.[148,1055,220,1519]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="Abb. 2-5: (2) Hylaeus annulatus (LINNAEUS 1758) 3, Oberösterreich, Molln, Ramsauer Grösstenberg, Gipfelwiese, 1450m, N47.49.44 E14.17.12, 21.6.1998; (3) Hylaeus hyalinatus SMITH 1842 3, Oberösterreich, Oberpuchenau, 15.6.1978, beide leg. Ebmer, det. Dathe. (4) Colletes impunctatus NYLANDER 1852 ♀, Südtirol, W Kurzras, 2100m, N46.45.32 E10.46.36, an Trifolium. (5) Colletes impunctatus NYLANDER 1852 3, Südtirol, Tisental, 2210m, N46.44 E10.50, 16.7.2010, leg. und det. Ebmer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4525916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4525916/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Abb. 4</figureCitation>
,
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFC68D04FF47FCB3EF3DD062" box="[252,271,869,890]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
,
<figureCitation id="96CD2A04FFC68D04FEA1FCB7EF45D06D" box="[282,375,864,885]" captionStart="Abb" captionStartId="65.[178,221,1440,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-1@64.[148,1055,220,1519]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="Abb. 2-5: (2) Hylaeus annulatus (LINNAEUS 1758) 3, Oberösterreich, Molln, Ramsauer Grösstenberg, Gipfelwiese, 1450m, N47.49.44 E14.17.12, 21.6.1998; (3) Hylaeus hyalinatus SMITH 1842 3, Oberösterreich, Oberpuchenau, 15.6.1978, beide leg. Ebmer, det. Dathe. (4) Colletes impunctatus NYLANDER 1852 ♀, Südtirol, W Kurzras, 2100m, N46.45.32 E10.46.36, an Trifolium. (5) Colletes impunctatus NYLANDER 1852 3, Südtirol, Tisental, 2210m, N46.44 E10.50, 16.7.2010, leg. und det. Ebmer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4525916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4525916/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Abb. 5, 3</figureCitation>
, Seite 75.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFC68D04FF09FC51ECE7D7BC" blockId="9.[178,1085,864,1188]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
In der Paläarktis auffällig disjunkt verbreitet: &quot;Ostsibirien und
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFC68D04FC94FC50EDA6D084" box="[815,916,902,924]" name="Mongolia" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Mongolei</collectingCountry>
... In Europa lebt die Art im Norden (Skandinavien,
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFC68D04FDACFC75EC5CD0A1" box="[535,622,931,953]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">England</collectingCountry>
, Nordrussland), in den Alpen und hie und da in den nördlichen Teilen des mitteleuropäischen Gebietes (Rossiten, Minsk u.s.w.)&quot; (
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFC68D04FF02FC08EF9FD0EC" author="NOSKIEWICZ J" box="[185,429,990,1012]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 531" refId="ref36799" refString="NOSKIEWICZ J. (1936): Die palaarktischen Colletes - Arten. - Pr. nauk Wyd. Tow. Nauk, Lwow 3: 1 - 531." type="journal article" year="1936">NOSKIEWICZ 1936: 433</bibRefCitation>
). Diese groben Angaben vor Jahrzehnten können nun ein wenig präzisiert werden. In
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFC68D04FE34FC2DEFC5D709" box="[399,503,1019,1041]" name="Sweden" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Schweden</collectingCountry>
nördlich bis Torne lappmark, ca
<geoCoordinate id="6BC25046FFC68D04FCEFFC2DEDB8D709" box="[852,906,1018,1041]" degrees="68" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" precision="55555" value="68.0">
N68
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC68D04FC3BFC2CEDB8D709" box="[896,906,1018,1041]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">°</emphasis>
</geoCoordinate>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFC68D04FC21FC2DEF09D737" author="ERLANDSSON S &amp; JANZON L" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" pagination="161 - 163" refId="ref35201" refString="ERLANDSSON S., JANZON L. - A. &amp; B. G. SVENSSON (1988): Catalogus Insectorum Sueciae. Hymenoptera, Apoidea. 1. Colletidae and Melittidae. - Ent. Tidskr. 109: 161 - 163." type="journal article" year="1988">ERLANDSSON et al. 1988: 162</bibRefCitation>
), in
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFC68D04FEDCFBCFEFF3D737" box="[359,449,1049,1071]" name="Finland" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Finnland</collectingCountry>
bis Kilpisjärvi ca
<geoCoordinate id="6BC25046FFC68D04FDC6FBCFEC81D737" box="[637,691,1048,1071]" degrees="68" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" precision="55555" value="68.0">
N68
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC68D04FD12FBCEEC81D737" box="[681,691,1048,1071]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">°</emphasis>
</geoCoordinate>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFC68D04FD7AFBCFED4CD737" author="ELFVING R" box="[705,894,1049,1071]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 69" refId="ref34990" refString="ELFVING R. (1968): Die Bienen Finnlands. - Fauna fenn. 21: 1 - 69." type="journal article" year="1968">ELFVING 1968: 10</bibRefCitation>
); neue und genaue Daten aus
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFC68D04FE99FBE0EF44D754" box="[290,374,1078,1100]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">England</collectingCountry>
liegen mir nicht vor. Rezent auf den Dünen der Friesischen Inseln, wie beispielsweise auf Amrum,
<date id="7A481041FFC68D04FE43FB85EC60D771" box="[504,594,1107,1129]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" value="1975-08-05">5.8.1975</date>
,
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFC68D04FDE5FB85EC4DD776" box="[606,639,1107,1134]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, und hier abweichend von den Erfahrungen in den Alpen auf
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC68D04FECAFBA7EC13D79E" box="[369,545,1137,1158]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Jasione montana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFC68D04FD88FBA6ED3BD79E" author="HAESELER V" box="[563,777,1136,1158]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" pagination="59 - 78" refId="ref35437" refString="HAESELER V. (1976): Zur Aculeatenfauna der Nordfriesischen Insel Amrum (Hymenoptera). - Schr. Naturw. Ver. Schlesw. - Holst. 46: 59 - 78." type="journal article" year="1976">HAESELER 1976: 73</bibRefCitation>
). Rossiten auf der Kurischen Nehrung, Ostsee, gehört nun als Rybacij zu
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFC68D04FDCAFB58ECE3D7BC" box="[625,721,1166,1188]" name="Russia" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Russland</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFC68D07FF09FB62EC16D27E" blockId="9.[178,1086,1203,1606]" lastBlockId="10.[178,1086,219,358]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
In den Alpen eher in den Westalpen verbreitet:
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFC68D04FD16FB65ED2FD7D1" box="[685,797,1203,1225]" name="France" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Frankreich</collectingCountry>
, Lac de la Sassiere 10kmE Tignes,
<quantity id="C90E9B64FFC68D04FEBFFB06EF7ED7FE" box="[260,332,1232,1254]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="2400.0">2400m</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="6BC25046FFC68D04FEECFB06EF90D7FE" box="[343,418,1232,1254]" degrees="45.26" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" precision="555" value="45.26">N45.26</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6BC25046FFC68D04FE11FB06EFDAD7FE" box="[426,488,1232,1254]" degrees="6.57" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" precision="555" value="6.57">E6.57</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="7A481041FFC68D04FE48FB06EC68D7FE" box="[499,602,1232,1254]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" value="1993-08-15">15.8.1993</date>
,
<specimenCount id="18F0FD08FFC68D04FDDEFB06ECB5D7F3" box="[613,647,1232,1259]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
533, leg. Kuhlmann (Brief
<date id="7A481041FFC68D04FC17FB06EA21D7FE" box="[940,1043,1232,1254]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" value="2002-12-04">12.4.2002</date>
) als westlichster Fund. In den Westalpen hält
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFC68D04FDD0FB38ED76D61B" authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1852" box="[619,836,1262,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Colletes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impunctatus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC68D04FDD0FB38ED76D61B" box="[619,836,1262,1284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Colletes impunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(neben
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFC68D04FC26FB38EA07D61B" baseAuthorityName="ZETTERSTEDT" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[925,1077,1262,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC68D04FC26FB38EA07D61B" box="[925,1077,1262,1284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Osmia inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) einen Höhenrekord an Kleinbienen mit
<quantity id="C90E9B64FFC68D04FDF0FADDECA3D639" box="[587,657,1291,1313]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000m</quantity>
am Gornergrat (
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFC68D04FC85FADDEDAAD639" box="[830,920,1291,1313]" name="Switzerland" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Schweiz</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFC68D04FC18FADDEDDAD639" box="[931,1000,1291,1313]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Wallis</collectingCountry>
, südöstlich von Zermatt), und ist in der Gegend von Zermatt durchaus häufig. Verbreitungskarte für die
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFC68D04FEBBFA93EF64D643" box="[256,342,1349,1371]" name="Switzerland" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Schweiz</collectingCountry>
bei
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFC68D04FE3CFA93EC5CD643" author="AMIET F &amp; MULLER A" box="[391,622,1349,1371]" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" pagination="2 - 88414" refId="ref33009" refString="AMIET F., MULLER A. &amp; R. NEUMEYER (1999): Fauna Helvetica 4, Apidae 2. Colletes, Dufourea, Hylaeus, Nomia, Nomioides, Rhophitoides, Rophites, Sphecodes, Systropha. - 219 S.; Schweizerische Entomologische Gesellschaft, Neuchatel. ISBN 2 - 88414 - 015 - 8." type="book chapter" year="1999">AMIET et al. 1999: 40</bibRefCitation>
, südlich des Alpenhauptkamms, vom
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFC68D04FC40FA93EA0FD643" box="[1019,1085,1349,1371]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Wallis</collectingCountry>
bis Graubünden, nur an
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFC68D04FE02FAB5EC25D661" box="[441,535,1379,1401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
gefangen, vor allem an
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC68D04FC99FAB5EDB0D661" box="[802,898,1379,1401]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Trifolium</emphasis>
. In den Ostalpen häufig vom Nationalpark Graubünden über die Ortler-Gruppe (oberhalb Sulden, leg. Ebmer) bis in die Ötztaler Alpen, Vinschgau, Schnalstal – Tisental, ca
<geoCoordinate id="6BC25046FFC68D04FC21FA4BEDD7D6AB" box="[922,997,1437,1459]" degrees="46.44" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" precision="555" value="46.44">N46.44</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6BC25046FFC68D04FC55FA4BEA0BD6AB" box="[1006,1081,1437,1459]" degrees="10.50" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" precision="555" value="10.5">E10.50</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="C90E9B64FFC68D04FF09FA6DEF07D6C9" box="[178,309,1467,1489]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.215" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.03" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="2215.0" valueMax="2400.0" valueMin="2030.0">2030-2400m</quantity>
, nur an
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC68D04FE2BFA6DEFC2D6C9" box="[400,496,1467,1489]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Trifolium</emphasis>
, leg. Wiesbauer und Ebmer. Östlich der Ötztaler Alpen gibt es keine sicheren Funde, und alle Literaturmeldungen erwiesen sich als Fiktion! Die Zillertaler Alpen sind apidologisch völlig unerforscht. Im Nationalpark Hohe Tauern Kärnten habe ich
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFC68D04FED7F9C4EC35D530" authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1852" box="[364,519,1554,1576]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Colletes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impunctatus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC68D04FED7F9C4EC35D530" box="[364,519,1554,1576]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">C. impunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
trotz intensiver Suche in vielen Sommern nicht gefunden, und wäre durch die Anflugpflanze
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC68D04FDFEF9E6EC97D55E" box="[581,677,1584,1606]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Trifolium</emphasis>
leicht zu finden. Als Erklärung vermute ich, dass in den Warmzeiten wie zuletzt im Atlanticum bei den massereichen Ötztaler Alpen die Art genügend Platz hatte, in höhere Zonen auszuweichen, während in den Tauern die Grate und Spitzen in den höheren Zonen zu wenig Platz bieten.
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFC58D07FC51FEC3EF1CD250" authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Colletes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impunctatus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC58D07FC51FEC3EF1CD250" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Colletes impunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
wird als polylektisch mit einer ausgeprägten Vorliebe für
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFC58D07FC30FEE4EDDBD250" box="[907,1001,306,328]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
erkannt (MÜLLER &amp; KUHLMANN 2008: 726).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFC58D07FF09FEA3EA27D16D" blockId="10.[178,1085,373,629]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">
Wie weit ein Vorkommen in Nordrussland kontinuierlich nach Osten vorliegt, ist mangels publizierter Funde völlig unbekannt. In den Gebirgen Zentralasiens fehlend. In der
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFC58D07FF09FE79EF26D2DD" box="[178,276,431,453]" name="Mongolia" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Mongolei</collectingCountry>
die mit Abstand häufigste Art der Gattung, scheint fast überall vorzukommen, und zeigt dort eine ausgeprägte Variabilität der Tergitpunktierung (KUHLMANN &amp; DORN 2002: 97). Der aus der
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFC58D07FE27FE3CEFCCD118" box="[412,510,490,512]" name="Mongolia" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Mongolei</collectingCountry>
angegebene Blütenbesuch umfasst ein deutlich breiteres Artenspektrum als von den Alpen, mit Bevorzugung von
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC58D07FCBCFDD1ED55D105" box="[775,871,519,541]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Trifolium</emphasis>
bekannt. In der Ostpaläarktis Russlands weit verbreitet: Zaibalkij kraj, Jakutien, Gebiete von Chabarovsk und Amur, Kamtschatka, südlich in der Primorskij-Region, Sachalin und Kurilen-Insel Kunashir (
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFC58D07FEA6FD89EC2FD16D" author="PROSHCHALYKIN M" box="[285,541,607,629]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref37290" refString="PROSHCHALYKIN M. Yu. (2008): The bees of he family Colletidae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) of Transbaikalia. - Far Eastern Ent. 187: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="2008">PROSHCHALYKIN 2008: 3</bibRefCitation>
), aber leider keine Angaben von Anflugpflanzen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFC58D07FF09FD52EC86D182" blockId="10.[178,692,644,666]" box="[178,692,644,666]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">
Erkennen der Art als holarktisch:
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFC58D07FDB3FD52EC82D182" author="STEPHEN W" box="[520,688,644,666]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" pagination="149 - 527" refId="ref38213" refString="STEPHEN W. P. (1954): A revision of the bee genus Colletes in America north of Mexico. - Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 36: 149 - 527." type="journal article" year="1954">STEPHEN (1954)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFC58D07FF09FD7CED80D611" blockId="10.[178,1087,682,1289]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">
In der Nearktis wird
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC58D07FE33FD7CECB2D1D8" box="[392,640,682,704]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFC58D07FE33FD7CEC10D1D8" authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1852" box="[392,546,682,704]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Colletes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impunctatus">C. impunctatus</taxonomicName>
lacustris
</emphasis>
SWENK
<quantity id="C90E9B64FFC58D07FD63FD7CED14D1D8" box="[728,806,682,704]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.84124" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="1906.0">1906 in</quantity>
der Revision von
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFC58D07FC59FD7CEEC7D1C5" author="STEPHEN W" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" pagination="149 - 527" refId="ref38213" refString="STEPHEN W. P. (1954): A revision of the bee genus Colletes in America north of Mexico. - Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 36: 149 - 527." type="journal article" year="1954">STEPHEN (1954)</bibRefCitation>
gemeldet, der
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFC58D07FE35FD11EC1AD1C5" authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1852" box="[398,552,711,733]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Colletes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impunctatus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC58D07FE35FD11EC1AD1C5" box="[398,552,711,733]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">C. impunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
als holarktisch erkannt hat. In den
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFC58D07FC34FD11EDF0D1C5" box="[911,962,711,733]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
von
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFC58D07FC4DFD11EA0BD1C5" box="[1014,1081,711,733]" country="United States of America" name="Maine" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Maine</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFC58D07FF09FD33EF6DD1E2" box="[178,351,740,762]" country="United States of America" name="New Hampshire" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">New Hampshire</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFC58D07FED4FD32EFE0D1E2" box="[367,466,740,762]" country="United States of America" name="Michigan" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Michigan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFC58D07FE59FD32EC7FD1E2" box="[482,589,740,762]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
und
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFC58D07FD30FD32ECCBD1E2" box="[651,761,740,762]" country="United States of America" name="Minnesota" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Minnesota</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFC58D07FCB3FD32ED63D1E2" box="[776,849,740,762]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Alaska</collectingRegion>
. In
<collectingCountry id="76E17611FFC58D07FC39FD32EDFDD1E2" box="[898,975,740,762]" name="Canada" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Kanada</collectingCountry>
von
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFC58D07FBB6FD33EF12D000" country="Canada" name="New Brunswick" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">New Brunswick</collectingRegion>
über den Kontinent nach Westen bis
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFC58D07FD01FCD4ED5DD000" box="[698,879,770,792]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFC58D07FCC5FCD4EDF7D000" box="[894,965,770,792]" country="Canada" name="Yukon" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Yukon</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="CC32F863FFC58D07FC6FFCD4EF2FD02D" country="Canada" name="Northwest Territories" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Northwest Territories</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFC58D07FE95FCC9EFDDD02D" author="HURD P" box="[302,495,799,821]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" pagination="1741 - 2209" refId="ref35600" refString="HURD P. D. Jr. (1979): Superfamily Apoidea, S. 1741 - 2209. - In: KROMBEIN K. V., HURD P. D., SMITH D. R. &amp; B. D. BURKS, Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico, Bd. 2. Washington, Smithsonian Institution Press." type="book chapter" year="1979">HURD 1979: 1755</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFC58D07FE47FCF6ECFDD02D" author="MITCHELL T" box="[508,719,799,821]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 538" refId="ref36354" refString="MITCHELL T. B. (1960): Bees of the Eastern United States, Vol. I. - North Carolina Agr. Exp. St., Tech. Bul. 141: 1 - 538." type="journal article" year="1960">MITCHELL 1960: 41</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFC58D07FD5FFCF6EDD2D02D" author="KUHLMANN M" box="[740,992,799,821]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" pagination="155 - 193" refId="ref35789" refString="KUHLMANN M. (2000): Katalog der palaarktischen Arten der Bienengattung Colletes LATR., mit Lectotypenfestlegungen, neuer Synonymie und der Beschreibung von zwei neuen Arten (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Colletinae). - Linzer biol. Beitr. 32 (1): 155 - 193." type="journal article" year="2000">KUHLMANN (2000: 179)</bibRefCitation>
stellt
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFC58D07FB9DFCC9EF1CD04A" authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Colletes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impunctatus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC58D07FB9DFCC9EF1CD04A" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">C. impunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in die
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFC58D07FEC8FCEAEFDFD04A" authorityName="Morawitz" authorityYear="1876" box="[371,493,828,850]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Colletes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypearis">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC58D07FEC8FCEAEFDFD04A" box="[371,493,828,850]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">C. clypearis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-Artengruppe, zu der er in der Paläarktis 18 Arten anführt. HURD kennt diese Artengruppe nicht und stellt für
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFC58D07FD68FC8FED43D077" authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1852" box="[723,881,857,879]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Colletes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impunctatus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC58D07FD68FC8FED43D077" box="[723,881,857,879]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">C. impunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
eine eigene Artengruppe auf. &quot;
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFC58D07FE84FCA1EFEFD095" authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1852" box="[319,477,887,909]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Colletes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impunctatus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC58D07FE84FCA1EFEFD095" box="[319,477,887,909]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">C. impunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ist die einzige holarktische
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFC58D07FCB6FCA1ED52D095" box="[781,864,887,909]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Colletes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC58D07FCB6FCA1ED52D095" box="[781,864,887,909]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Colletes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Die von Swenk als Unterart bewertete
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC58D07FECCFC42EFFCD0B2" box="[375,462,916,938]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">lacustris</emphasis>
fällt morphologisch aber in die Variationsbreite dieser in der Ostpaläarktis sehr variablen Art, so dass eine Abtrennung als Unterart meines Erachtens nicht gerechtfertigt ist. Neben
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFC58D07FE48FC19ECA2D0FC" authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1852" box="[499,656,975,997]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Colletes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impunctatus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC58D07FE48FC19ECA2D0FC" box="[499,656,975,997]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">C. impunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gibt es nur einige holarktische
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFC58D07FC59FC19EA07D0FD" box="[994,1077,975,997]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Colletes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC58D07FC59FC19EA07D0FD" box="[994,1077,975,997]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Colletes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- Artengruppen, die in einer in Vorbereitung befindlichen Phylogenie von
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFC58D07FC2FFC3AEDD5D71A" box="[916,999,1004,1026]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Colletes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC58D07FC2FFC3AEDD5D71A" box="[916,999,1004,1026]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Colletes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
von mir behandelt werden&quot; (Kuhlmann brieflich
<date id="7A481041FFC58D07FDEBFBDFEC9FD707" box="[592,685,1033,1055]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" value="2009-01-08">8.1.2009</date>
).
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFC58D07FD7AFBDFED6ED707" authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1852" box="[705,860,1033,1055]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Colletes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impunctatus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC58D07FD7AFBDFED6ED707" box="[705,860,1033,1055]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">C. impunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ist wahrscheinlich im Pleistozän über die Beringia in die Nearktis eingewandert. Diese beoreo-montane Art und einige weitere der
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFC58D07FE21FB92EC26D742" authorityName="Morawitz" authorityYear="1876" box="[410,532,1092,1114]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Colletes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypearis">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC58D07FE21FB92EC26D742" box="[410,532,1092,1114]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">C. clypearis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-Gruppe sind in den Gebirgen des nördlichen Eurasien verbreitet. Das einzige nearktische Taxon dieser Artengruppe ist
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC58D07FCECFBB7EDD6D76F" box="[855,996,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">C. i. lacustris</emphasis>
SWENK, mit einer Verbreitung auf den borealen Teil Nordamerikas beschränkt. Es bestehen keine wesentlichen morphologischen Unterschiede dieser Art in beiden Regionen. Die klimatischen und ökologischen Bedingungen der warmen Steppe der Beringia während des Pleistozäns waren ausreichend für ein Überleben und Einwanderung in die Nearktis (
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFC58D07FF02FB25EFEBD611" author="KUHLMANN M &amp; ALMEIDA E &amp; LAURENNE N" box="[185,473,1267,1289]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" pagination="291 - 318" refId="ref35841" refString="KUHLMANN M., ALMEIDA E. A. B., LAURENNE N. &amp; D. L. J. QUICKE (2009): Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of the bee genus Colletes LATREILLE, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Apiformes: Colletidae), based on mitochondrial COI and nuclear 28 S sequence data. - Insect Syst. Evol. 40: 291 - 318." type="journal article" year="2009">KUHLMANN et al. 2009: 314</bibRefCitation>
, und dort auch weitere Zitate zu dieser Frage).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E493681FFC58D07FF09FACFEF15D6BC" blockId="10.[178,1085,1305,1444]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="6A674B70FFC58D07FF09FACFEFBFD637" author="SLADEN F" box="[178,397,1305,1327]" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" pagination="124 - 130" refId="ref38130" refString="SLADEN F. W. L. (1919): Notes on the Canadian representatives of British species of bees. - Canad. Ent. 51: 124 - 130." type="journal article" year="1919">SLADEN (1919: 124)</bibRefCitation>
nennt
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFC58D07FE5BFACFECB0D637" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[480,642,1305,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Colletes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunicularius">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC58D07FE5BFACFECB0D637" box="[480,642,1305,1327]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">C. cunicularius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) im Vergleich mit der ähnlichen
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFC58D07FB9DFACFEFB9D654" authority="SAY 1837" authorityName="SAY" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Colletes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC58D07FB9DFACFEF29D654" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">C. inaequalis</emphasis>
SAY 1837
</taxonomicName>
, ohne jedoch
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFC58D07FDA4FAE0EC8ED654" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[543,700,1334,1356]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Colletes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunicularius">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC58D07FDA4FAE0EC8ED654" box="[543,700,1334,1356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">C. cunicularius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
für die Nearktis festzustellen. Gegen eventuelle Missverständnisse möchte ich festhalten, dass durch die fundierten Kenntnisse von KUHLMANN in der Gattung
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFC58D07FDB1FAA6EC6FD69E" box="[522,605,1392,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Colletes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC58D07FDB1FAA6EC6FD69E" box="[522,605,1392,1414]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Colletes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nur
<taxonomicName id="C9F64D02FFC58D07FD28FAA6ED02D69E" authorityName="NYLANDER" authorityYear="1852" box="[659,816,1392,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Colletidae" genus="Colletes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impunctatus">
<emphasis id="3C82EA93FFC58D07FD28FAA6ED02D69E" box="[659,816,1392,1414]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">C. impunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
als holarktisch verbreitet bekannt ist.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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