420 lines
36 KiB
XML
420 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.594.8623" ID-GBIF-Dataset="06407261-9a5e-4dfd-aaf3-4a9e57838129" ID-PMC="PMC4926699" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-594-51" ID-PubMed="27408558" ID-ZBK="AD81059731C241E1918515C040A1E393" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-594-51" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 594" ModsDocTitle="Two new species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida), E.romanoi sp. n. and E.joyceae sp. n., from the Gulf of Mexico" checkinTime="1464725741337" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Landers, Stephen C. & Sorensen, Martin V." docDate="2016" docId="E8E30BA58B4A4B231078E14E92B07754" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 594: 51-71" docOrigin="ZooKeys 594" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.594.8623" docTitle="Echinoderes joyceae Landers & Sorensen, 2016, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="B7ED6634-BA3F-4250-84DC-DE7CBC53A19D" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="4968F3092352FF9AB40F1B28FFABFFEF" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida), E. romanoi sp. n. and E. joyceae sp. n., from the Gulf of Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="71" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1668163162797" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Two new species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida), E. romanoi sp. n. and E. joyceae sp. n., from the Gulf of Mexico</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Landers, Stephen C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sorensen, Martin V.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>594</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>51</mods:start>
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<mods:end>71</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.594.8623</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.594.8623</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-594-51</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">AD81059731C241E1918515C040A1E393</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">AD81059731C241E1918515C040A1E393</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127876018" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B7ED6634-BA3F-4250-84DC-DE7CBC53A19D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E8E30BA58B4A4B231078E14E92B07754" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="58" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="58">Taxon classification Animalia Echinorhagata Echinoderidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/B7ED6634-BA3F-4250-84DC-DE7CBC53A19D" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinoderes joyceae" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="joyceae">Echinoderes joyceae</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="7" pageNumber="58">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 5, 6, 7
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="59" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="59" start="start">Material</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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Holotype: Adult male (ZMUC KIN-845), collected from muddy sediment on October 16, 2010, at station 010-2010 (Fig. 1), at 427 m depth, about 100 km east southeast of Corpus Christi, Texas (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="27.153334">27°09'12"N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-96.16639">96°09'59"W</geoCoordinate>
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), mounted in Fluoromount G®, deposited at the Natural History Museum of Denmark. Paratypes include one female (ZMUC KIN-849), collected at same time and locality as the holotype, and three males, collected at stations 016-2010 (ZMUC KIN-850), 068-2012 (ZMUC KIN-922), and 031-2013 (ZMUC KIN-867). All paratypes were mounted in Fluoromount G® and deposited at the Natural History Museum of Denmark. Additional non-type material includes one female from station 033-2014. See Fig. 1 for localities and Table 1 for detailed station data.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="59" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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Conspicuously small
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<taxonomicName class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinoderes" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="genus">Echinoderes</taxonomicName>
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(183-209
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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) with middorsal spines on segments 4, 6 and 8, and spines in lateroventral positions on segments 6 to 9. Tubes present in ventrolateral positions on segment 2, in lateroventral positions on segment 5, and in laterodorsal positions near the posterior margin of segment 10. Glandular cell outlets type 2 present in subdorsal position on segment 2, in midlateral position on segment 6, and in sublateral position on segment 8.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="59">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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Adults conspicuously small (183-209
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in trunk length), with head, neck and eleven trunk segments (Figs 5-7). For complete overview of measures and dimensions, see Table 4. Distribution of cuticular structures, i.e., sensory spots, glandular cell outlets, spines and tubes, is summarized in Table 5.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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Figure 5. Line art illustrations of
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<taxonomicName class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinoderes joyceae" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="joyceae">Echinoderes joyceae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. A Male, dorsal view B Male, ventral view C Female, segments 10 to 11, dorsal view D Female, segments 10 to 11, ventral view. Abbreviations: gco1/2, glandular cell outlet type 1/2; ld, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; ml, midlateral sensory spot; pa, pachycyclus; pe, penile spine; sd, subdorsal sensory spot; si, sieve plate; vlt, ventrolateral tube.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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Figure 6. Light micrographs showing overviews and details in male holotype ZMUC KIN-845 (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
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), and female paratype ZMUC KIN-849 (G) of
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<taxonomicName class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinoderes joyceae" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="joyceae">Echinoderes joyceae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. A Dorsal overview B Ventral overview C Segments 1 to 6, dorsal view D Segments 1 to 6, ventral view E Segments 8 to 11, dorsal view F Segments 8 to 11, ventral view G Segments 9 to 11, dorsal view. Abbreviations: gco1/2, glandular cell outlet type 1/2; ld, laterodorsal sensory spot; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral spine; mds, middorsal spine; pe, penile spine; pd, paradorsal sensory spot; sd, subdorsal sensory spot; si, sieve plate; vm, ventromedial sensory spot.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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Figure 7. Scanning electron micrographs showing overviews and details in head and trunk morphology of female
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<taxonomicName class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinoderes joyceae" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="joyceae">Echinoderes joyceae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. A Lateral overview B Mouth cone and introvert sector 8 C Head and segments 1 to 2, lateral view D Laterodorsal parts of segments 1 to 6 E Trunk segments 1 to 10, lateral view F Laterodorsal parts of segments 4 to 7 G Detail showing sublateral parts of segments 7 to 9 H Detail showing sub- and laterodorsal parts of segment 10 and left tergal extension of segment 11 I Segments 7 to 11, laterodorsal and caudal view. Abbreviations: gco2, glandular cell outlet type 2; ld, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lvs, lateroventral spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal spine; ml, midlateral sensory spot; oos, outer oral style; pd, paradorsal sensory spot; psp, primary spinoscalid; sd, subdorsal sensory spot; sec 8, introvert sector 8; si, sieve plate; sp2-5, spinoscalids of rings 2 to 5; tr, trichoscalid; vlt, ventrolateral tube.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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Table 4. Measurements from light microscopy of
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<taxonomicName class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinoderes joyceae" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="joyceae">Echinoderes joyceae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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) from the Gulf of Mexico, including number of measured specimens (n) and standard deviation (SD). Abbreviations: (ac): acicular spine; LTAS: lateral terminal accessory spine; LTS: lateral terminal spine; LV: lateroventral; MD, middorsal; MSW-6: maximum sternal width, measured on segment 6 in this species; S: segment lengths; SW-10, standard width, always measured on segment 10; TL: trunk length.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<table pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">Character</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">n</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">Range</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">Mean</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
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<abbrev pageId="8" pageNumber="59">SD</abbrev>
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</th>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">TL</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">MSW-6</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">MSW-6TL</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">SW-10</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">SW-10TL</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ac</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ac</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ac</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ac</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ac</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ac</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ac</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">LTS</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">LTSTL</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">LTAS</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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Table 5. Summary of nature and location of sensory spots, glandular cell outlets, tubes and spines arranged by series in
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<taxonomicName class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinoderes joyceae" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="joyceae">Echinoderes joyceae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. Abbreviations: LA: lateral accessory; LD: Laterodorsal; LV: lateroventral; MD: middorsal; ML: midlateral; PD: paradorsal; PV: paraventral; SD: subdorsal; SL: sublateral; VL: ventrolateral; VM: ventromedial; ac, acicular spine; gco 1/2, glandular cell outlet type 1/2; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; pe, penile spines; si, sieve plate; ss, sensory spot; tu, tube; (♀), female and (♂), male conditions of sexually dimorphic characters.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<table pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">Position Segment</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
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<abbrev pageId="8" pageNumber="59">MD</abbrev>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
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<abbrev pageId="8" pageNumber="59">PD</abbrev>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
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<abbrev pageId="8" pageNumber="59">SD</abbrev>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
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<abbrev pageId="8" pageNumber="59">LD</abbrev>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
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<abbrev pageId="8" pageNumber="59">ML</abbrev>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
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<abbrev pageId="8" pageNumber="59">SL</abbrev>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
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<abbrev pageId="8" pageNumber="59">LA</abbrev>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
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<abbrev pageId="8" pageNumber="59">LV</abbrev>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
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<abbrev pageId="8" pageNumber="59">VL</abbrev>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
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<abbrev pageId="8" pageNumber="59">VM</abbrev>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">
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<abbrev pageId="8" pageNumber="59">PV</abbrev>
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</th>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ss</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ss</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ss</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">tu</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ss</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ac</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ss</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">tu</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ac</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ss</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ac</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ss</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ss</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ss</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ac</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ss</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ac</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ss</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ac</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ss</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ss</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">si</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ac</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ss</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ss</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">tu</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ss</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">pe</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">ltas</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="59" rowspan="1">lts</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
The head (Fig. 7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
) consists of a retractable mouth cone and an introvert. Mouth cone with nine outer oral styles that alternate in length between slightly shorter and slightly longer ones. No outer oral styles present anterior to introvert sector 6. A fringe with three long spikes is located at the base of each outer oral style. It was only possible to obtain complete information about appearance and arrangement of scalids for introvert sectors 8 and 9. Sector 8: single central scalids of Rings 02 and 04, and paired scalds of Rings 03 and 05. No scalids present posterior to Ring 05, except for a single trichoscalid that attaches through a trichoscalid plate. Sector 9: single central scalids of Rings 02, 04, and 06, and paired scalds of Rings 03 and 05. No trichoscalids present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="8" pageNumber="59">
|
||
The neck (Figs 5A, B, 6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
) has 16 placids, measuring 11
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in length. The midventral placid is broadest, measuring 9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in width at its base, whereas all other are
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="60" start="start">narrower</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, measuring 6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in width at their bases. The trichoscalid plates, each with a trichoscalid, present in subdorsal, laterodorsal and ventromedial positions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Segment 1 (Figs 5A, B, 6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 7A, C, D) consists of a complete cuticular ring. Sensory spots are located in subdorsal and laterodorsal positions; sensory spots are rounded and flanked by a pair of cuticular hairs. Glandular cell outlets type 1 not present. Cuticular hairs are very scarce on the dorsal side, and not present at all on the ventral. The posterior segment margin is straight along the dorsal and lateral side, but extends more posteriorly ventrally, into a midventral point. Pectinate fringe of posterior segment margin with fringe tips alternating with small trichoid extensions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="9" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Segment 2 (Fig. 5A, B, 6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 7A, C, D) consists of a complete cuticular ring, with tubes located in ventrolateral position. Sensory spots (with one marginal hair) located in the laterodorsal position. Pachycyclus of the anterior segment margin of regular
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="61" start="start">thickness</pageBreakToken>
|
||
and interrupted in subdorsal and ventrolateral positions. Glandular cell outlets type 2 are located in subdorsal position. Secondary pectinate fringe not detected on this or any of the following segments. Bracteate cuticular hairs evenly distributed in a medial band around the segment. The posterior segment margin is straight and consists of a pectinate fringe, with fringe tips alternating with small trichoid extensions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Segment 3 (Figs 5A, B, 6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 7A, D, E), and remaining segments, consisting of one tergal and two sternal plates. Pachycyclus of the anterior segment margin interrupted middorsally; thickness on the dorsal side rather average; ventral pachycycli thicker, and interrupted at the tergosternal and midsternal junctions. Sensory spots (without marginal hairs) are located in subdorsal position only. Cuticular hairs evenly distributed over tergal plate, whereas the sternal plates only have a few hairs near their anterolateral corners. Posterior segment margin and pectinate fringe as on preceding segment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Segment 4 (Figs 5A, B, 6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 7A, D, E) with acicular spine in middorsal position, flanked by pair of paradorsal glandular cell outlets type 1. Sensory spots not present. Pachycycli, pectinate fringe of posterior margin and cuticular hairs as on preceding segment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Segment 5 (Figs 5A, B, 6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 7A, D, E) with tubes in lateroventral position. Sensory spots (without marginal hairs) present in midlateral positions. Pachycycli, pectinate fringe of posterior margin and cuticular hairs as on preceding segment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="10" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Segment 6 (Figs 5A, B, 6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 7A,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
) with middorsal and lateroventral acicular spines. Paradorsal glandular cell outlets type 1 present anterior to middorsal spine, and paradorsal sensory spots (with or without marginal hairs) posterior to spine. One additional pair of sensory spots without marginal hairs present in ventromedial posi
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="62" start="start">tion</pageBreakToken>
|
||
. Glandular cell outlets type 2 present in midlateral position. Pachycycli, pectinate fringe of posterior margin and cuticular hairs as on preceding segment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Segment 7 (Figs 5A, B, 6A, B, 7A,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–G">E-G</normalizedToken>
|
||
, I) with acicular spines in lateroventral position, and sensory spots in paradorsal (with one marginal hair), midlateral and ventromedial positions. Pachycycli, pectinate fringe of posterior margin and cuticular hairs as on preceding segment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Segment 8 (Figs 5A, B, 6A, B, E, F, 7A,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–G">E-G</normalizedToken>
|
||
, I) with middorsal and lateroventral acicular spines. Paradorsal glandular cell outlets type 1 present anterior to middorsal spine, and paradorsal sensory spots (with marginal hairs) posterior to spine. Additional glandular cell outlets type 1 are present in paraventral position, and glandular cell outlets type 2 in sublateral position. Pachycycli, pectinate fringe of posterior margin and cuticular hairs as on preceding segment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Segment 9 (Figs 5A, B, 6 A, B,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–G">E-G</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 7H, I) with acicular spines in lateroventral position. Sensory spots with marginal hairs present in paradorsal and laterodorsal positions, and without marginal hairs in ventrolateral positions. Glandular cell outlets type 1 are present in paraventral position, and a pair of very minute sieve plates is located in sublateral position. Ventral pachycycli of anterior segment margin slightly thinner than those on preceding segment. Pectinate fringe of posterior margin only with regular fringe tips. Cuticular hairs as on preceding segment on tergal plate; sternal plates with cuticular hairs forming triangular patterns extending from the tergosternal junctions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Segment 10 (Figs 5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–G">E-G</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 7H, I) with laterodorsal tubes near posterior segment margin: tubes in males are well-developed, resembling regular tubes with thickened bases; tubes in females are about half as long and formed like simple tubes without thickened bases; tubes in both sexes emerge through slit-like openings in the cuticle at the posterior part of the segment. Sensory spots with marginal hair present in subdorsal positions. Glandular cell outlets type 1 not observed. Tergal plate with triangular middorsal patch of cuticular hair-like extensions, without perforation sites. Cuticular hairs with perforation sites in two patches going from the laterodorsal positions to the tergosternal junctions; hairs on the sternal plates only ventrolaterally, near the tergosternal junctions. Posterior margin of tergal plate straight; posterior margins of sternal plates concave.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Segment 11 (Fig. 5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–G">E-G</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 7H, I) with lateral terminal spines. Females with thin lateral terminal accessory spines, and males with three pairs of penile spines: dorsal- and ventral-most penile spines are thin and flexible; medial ones are more stout and rigid. Sensory spots, without marginal hairs, present in paradorsal positions. Glandular cell outlets type 1 not observed. Cuticular hairs with perforation sites not present. Cuticular hair-like extensions present in patch going from the subdorsal to the middorsal areas. Tergal extensions short and pointed, with margin of inferior sides interrupted by elongated tips formed by the marginal fringes. Sternal extensions are short and broadly rounded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="62" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="62">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="62">This species is named after Joyce Wright Landers-the wife of the first author.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="11" pageNumber="62" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="62">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="11" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinoderes joyceae" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="11" pageNumber="62" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="joyceae">Echinoderes joyceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is characterized by the presence of middorsal spines on segments 4, 6 and 8, ventrolateral tubes on segment 2, lateroventral tubes/
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="63" start="start">spines</pageBreakToken>
|
||
on segments 5 to 9, and laterodorsal tubes on segment 10. This combination of spines and tubes is not unusual among congeners, and is shared with five other species:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinoderes bermudensis" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="12" pageNumber="63" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="bermudensis">Echinoderes bermudensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Higgins, RP" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Microscopical Society" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" pagination="305 - 316" title="Three new species of Kinorhyncha from Bermuda." url="10.2307/3225748" volume="101" year="1982">Higgins 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinoderes kristenseni" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="12" pageNumber="63" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="kristenseni">Echinoderes kristenseni</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Higgins, RP" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="14" pageNumber="65" pagination="785 - 800" title="The genus Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida) from the English Channel." url="10.1017/S0025315400052590" volume="65" year="1985">Higgins 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinoderes abbreviatus" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="12" pageNumber="63" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">Echinoderes abbreviatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Higgins, RP" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences" pageId="14" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 131" title="The Atlantic barrier reef ecosystem at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, II: Kinorhyncha." url="10.5479/si.01960768.18.1" volume="18" year="1983">Higgins 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinoderes hispanicus" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="12" pageNumber="63" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="hispanicus">Echinoderes hispanicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pardos, F" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="14" pageNumber="65" pagination="195 - 208" title="Two new Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida) including a reevaluation of kinorhynch taxonomic characters." volume="237" year="1998">Pardos et al., 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinoderes intermedius" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="12" pageNumber="63" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="intermedius">Echinoderes intermedius</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sørensen">Sorensen</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 2006. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Higgins, RP" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Microscopical Society" pageId="13" pageNumber="64" pagination="305 - 316" title="Three new species of Kinorhyncha from Bermuda." url="10.2307/3225748" volume="101" year="1982">Higgins 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Higgins, RP" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences" pageId="14" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 131" title="The Atlantic barrier reef ecosystem at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, II: Kinorhyncha." url="10.5479/si.01960768.18.1" volume="18" year="1983">1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Higgins, RP" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="14" pageNumber="65" pagination="785 - 800" title="The genus Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida) from the English Channel." url="10.1017/S0025315400052590" volume="65" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pardos, F" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="14" pageNumber="65" pagination="195 - 208" title="Two new Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida) including a reevaluation of kinorhynch taxonomic characters." volume="237" year="1998">Pardos et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sorensen, MV" journalOrPublisher="Meiofauna Marina" pageId="14" pageNumber="65" pagination="51 - 77" title="New kinorhynchs from Panama, with a discussion of some phylogenetically significant cuticular structures." volume="15" year="2006">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sørensen">Sorensen</normalizedToken>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These species are distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinoderes joyceae" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="12" pageNumber="63" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="joyceae">Echinoderes joyceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
using a number of characteristics. All five of these species have tergal extensions on segment 11 distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinoderes joyceae" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="12" pageNumber="63" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="joyceae">Echinoderes joyceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Additionally, the new species has a distinctive distribution of glandular cell outlets type 2, with locations in the subdorsal position on segment 2. Amongst the abovementioned species this is only found in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinoderes kristenseni" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="12" pageNumber="63" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="kristenseni">Echinoderes kristenseni</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which also has glandular cell outlets type 2 in lateroventral positions of segment 2, not present in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinoderes joyceae" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="12" pageNumber="63" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="joyceae">Echinoderes joyceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. The most unique character combination in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinoderes joyceae" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="12" pageNumber="63" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="joyceae">Echinoderes joyceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. though, is the presence of glandular cell outlets type 2 in midlateral positions of segment 6 and in sublateral positions of segment 8. This combination is not found in any other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinoderes" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="12" pageNumber="63" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="genus">Echinoderes</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinoderes joyceae" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="12" pageNumber="63" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="joyceae">Echinoderes joyceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is characteristic by its minute size. With a trunk length ranging from 183 to 209
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinoderes joyceae" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="12" pageNumber="63" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="joyceae">Echinoderes joyceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is among the smallest known
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinoderes" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="12" pageNumber="63" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="genus">Echinoderes</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |