136 lines
15 KiB
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136 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="D6557434F5E34C949269E99DA8F00D8A" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2014.886343" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5193830" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628812328907" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Liseki, Steven D. & Vane-Wright, Richard I." docDate="2014" docId="CA1E1B19366C2262FE50FB1F8594FDA9" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.48.25-26.1543-1583.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 48 (25 - 26)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.886343" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CD936EBDDF5274E0936345450CC2DAE4.5:JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="CD936EBDDF5274E0936345450CC2DAE4" docStyleName="JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Nepheronia thalassina" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="1561" masterDocId="36276361367E2271FFDDFFDA846BFF96" masterDocTitle="Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: family Pieridae, subfamily Pierinae" masterLastPageNumber="1583" masterPageNumber="1543" pageNumber="1560" updateTime="1699052811630" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="86C097C593A36B87075CD6B30856082A">Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: family Pieridae, subfamily Pierinae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2F26DFE07CBCDA0B1E06E0E1B1601A9A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="5FBDEE6A7E467CF893A2271F54DA14F8">Liseki, Steven D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="84B635EDA405BDE34A3F5BEA0758494B">Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania; & School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B9B036BACFA6E8426F0D63170D2A34C4">Vane-Wright, Richard I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="01C1606B171D9D2A6CE567447E9C7CE1">School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; & Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK; & Geographical and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="756D77EF9DB87F67BF076597410D15B5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2880FBDC0DC51465610CC7D2EC94DDC5">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E23F44AFCAEC78223E08F2B0BDDA1348">
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<mods:date id="F8058048AA33104AFA7CF59B2AA0A12C">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="027479EE93D1245C80B9D7EEF047E8C9">2014-04-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="473FE5D49555A4BD7D25E3A219752233">48</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="12208AD76167648C8D9E85EA070E01FD">25 - 26</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="6AF4B0A2E57A8714D78CD6E054872D62">1543</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="9AF6BB2A676A8AA367347F7D88A92E2A">1583</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="47B94324246775EC25AE6DF36AB47B0E">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.886343</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="9595FEAE16474F4E3C1A3A3507D400CD">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5970F737DA82AD8401896F338A02522E" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2014.886343</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6E3BD41CC91776DA9411FCA268C330C2" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="CA1E1B19366C2262FE50FB1F8594FDA9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA1E1B19366C2262FE50FB1F8594FDA9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA1E1B19366C2262FE50FB1F8594FDA9" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="1561" pageId="18" pageNumber="1560">
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<subSubSection id="0AADF984366C2263FE50FB1F8526FAAA" pageId="18" pageNumber="1560" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F366C2263FE50FB1F873AFB4B" blockId="18.[397,849,1221,1245]" box="[397,849,1221,1245]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1560">
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<heading id="19401D63366C2263FE50FB1F873AFB4B" box="[397,849,1221,1245]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="1560" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C366C2263FE50FB1F873AFB4B" ID-CoL="46YFS" authority="(Boisduval, 1836)" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[397,849,1221,1245]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Nepheronia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="1560" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thalassina">
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<emphasis id="70C3761D366C2263FE50FB1F86E9FB4B" box="[397,642,1221,1245]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1560">Nepheronia thalassina</emphasis>
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(Boisduval, 1836)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F366C2263FF4DFADE8526FAAA" blockId="18.[144,1104,1284,1340]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1560">
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE366C2263FF4DFADE850CFA8A" author="Kielland J" box="[144,359,1284,1308]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1560" refId="ref25501" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990: 266</bibRefCitation>
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(1 fig).
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE366C2263FE19FADE8624FA8A" author="Larsen TB" box="[452,591,1284,1308]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1560" refId="ref25550" refString="Larsen TB. 1996. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history. 2 nd edn. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1996">Larsen 1996</bibRefCitation>
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: pl. 5, figs 40 i,ii.
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE366C2263FCFEFADE879AFA8A" author="D' Abrera B" box="[803,1009,1284,1308]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1560" refId="ref25233" refString="D' Abrera B. 1997. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region (2 nd edn). Part I. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Acraeidae, Danaidae & Satyridae. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1997">d’ Abrera 1997: 71</bibRefCitation>
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(5 figs). SI: Figure 20e–j.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0AADF984366C2262FF4DFABE8594FDA9" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="1561" pageId="18" pageNumber="1560" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F366C2263FF4DFABE86C8FA0A" blockId="18.[144,1103,1380,1436]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1560">
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Forewing length: male
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<quantity id="854F07EA366C2263FE47FABE867AFAEA" box="[410,529,1380,1404]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="18" pageNumber="1560" unit="mm" value="33.5" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="31.0">31–36 mm</quantity>
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(mean (
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<emphasis id="70C3761D366C2263FDAFFABE8614FAEA" box="[626,639,1380,1404]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1560">n</emphasis>
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= 5)
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<quantity id="854F07EA366C2263FD1FFABE8742FAEA" box="[706,809,1380,1404]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.42" pageId="18" pageNumber="1560" unit="mm" value="34.2">34.2 mm</quantity>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED366C2263FCEAFABE8730FAEA" box="[823,859,1380,1404]" country="Serbia" name="Sid" pageId="18" pageNumber="1560">SD</collectingRegion>
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= 1.564); female
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<quantity id="854F07EA366C2263FBF5FABE84B4FA0A" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="18" pageNumber="1560" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="32.0">32– 38 mm</quantity>
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(mean (
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<emphasis id="70C3761D366C2263FEE2FA5E8527FA0A" box="[319,332,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1560">n</emphasis>
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= 9)
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<quantity id="854F07EA366C2263FE53FA5E8669FA0A" box="[398,514,1412,1436]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5469999999999997" pageId="18" pageNumber="1560" unit="mm" value="35.47">35.47 mm</quantity>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED366C2263FDD2FA5E8658FA0A" box="[527,563,1412,1436]" country="Serbia" name="Sid" pageId="18" pageNumber="1560">SD</collectingRegion>
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= 1.517).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F366C2262FF4DFA1E874DFEB6" blockId="18.[144,1104,1476,1691]" lastBlockId="19.[212,1172,168,575]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="1561" pageId="18" pageNumber="1560">
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<emphasis id="70C3761D366C2263FF4DFA1E849BFA4A" box="[144,240,1476,1500]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1560">Records.</emphasis>
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From Mpanda to Ugandan border, Northern Highlands, Pare Mts, Usambara Mts, Uluguru Mts, Turiani, Nguu forests, Image Mt, Mwanihana forest, Ukaguru Mts, Kiono forest, Pugu hills, Dendene, Masagati and the Rondo plateau, from sea level up to
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<quantity id="854F07EA366C2263FEA6F9F985A4F9AD" box="[379,463,1571,1595]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="18" pageNumber="1560" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</quantity>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE366C2263FE02F9F98614F9AD" author="Kielland J" box="[479,639,1571,1595]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1560" refId="ref25501" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland 1990</bibRefCitation>
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, p.54). On
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED366C2263FCD9F9F987E5F9AD" box="[772,910,1571,1595]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="18" pageNumber="1560">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
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it evidently does not penetrate into the forest reserve area, being confined to the lower slopes (records in BMNH from Moshi and New Moshi, and from
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED366C2263FD29F9B98715F9ED" box="[756,894,1635,1659]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="18" pageNumber="1560">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
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at
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<quantity id="854F07EA366C2263FC76F9B9802FF9ED" box="[939,1092,1635,1659]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4478" metricValueMax="1.524" metricValueMin="1.3716" pageId="18" pageNumber="1560" unit="ft" value="4750.0" valueMax="5000.0" valueMin="4500.0">4500–5000 ft</quantity>
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). Outside
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F366C2263FF33F9598531F90D" box="[238,346,1667,1691]" name="Tanzania" pageId="18" pageNumber="1560">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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, found in forest and dense woodland across central Africa (
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE366C2262FC20F959852CFF56" author="Ackery PR & Smith CR & Vane-Wright RI" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="1561" pageId="18" pageNumber="1560" refId="ref24360" refString="Ackery PR, Smith CR, Vane-Wright RI, editors. 1995. Carcasson' s African butterflies: an annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. East Melbourne (Australia): CSIRO." type="book" year="1995">Ackery et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
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, p.181). There is debate as to whether this species is polytypic or not – here we follow
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE366D2262FE93FF12858AFF76" author="Berger LA" box="[334,481,200,224]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1561" refId="ref24682" refString="Berger LA. 1981. Les papillons du Zaire. Bruxelles: La Presidence de la Republique du Zaire." type="book" year="1981">Berger (1981</bibRefCitation>
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, p.80) and
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE366D2262FDB7FF128776FF76" author="Kielland J" box="[618,797,200,224]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1561" refId="ref25501" refString="Kielland J. 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania. Melbourne: Hill House." type="book" year="1990">Kielland (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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in regarding it as monotypic (if divided into subspecies, then the
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<collectingRegion id="807364ED366D2262FD86FF32868EFE96" box="[603,741,232,256]" country="Tanzania" name="Kilimanjaro" pageId="19" pageNumber="1561">Kilimanjaro</collectingRegion>
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population belongs to
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<emphasis id="70C3761D366D2262FC26FF3280F8FE96" box="[1019,1171,232,256]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1561">N. t. sinalata</emphasis>
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(Suffert, 1904) – treated by
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE366D2262FDCDFED286F2FEB6" author="Berger LA" box="[528,665,264,288]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1561" refId="ref24682" refString="Berger LA. 1981. Les papillons du Zaire. Bruxelles: La Presidence de la Republique du Zaire." type="book" year="1981">Berger 1981</bibRefCitation>
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, as a form).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4208AA0F366D2262FF23FEF28594FDA9" blockId="19.[212,1172,168,575]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1561">
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There are two forms of female
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<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C366D2262FDA9FEF28763FED6" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[628,776,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Nepheronia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="1561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thalassina">
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<emphasis id="70C3761D366D2262FDA9FEF28763FED6" box="[628,776,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1561">N. thalassina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F366D2262FCE8FEF287C9FED6" box="[821,930,296,320]" name="Tanzania" pageId="19" pageNumber="1561">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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: white (typical), and piebald (f. “sinalata”). Typical females tend to have some pinkish-grey at the forewing base, and yellowish at the base of the hindwing. Form “sinalata” may or may not have the colour at the base of the forewing; the hindwing is all yellow. Some females of both forms have a flush of yellow at the base of the forewing beneath. Elsewhere a few other female forms occur, such as “verulanus” in
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<collectingCountry id="3AA0EA9F366D2262FC95FE1D87A8FE49" box="[840,963,455,479]" name="Cameroon" pageId="19" pageNumber="1561">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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. In life, males are notable for their pale blue ground colour, and both sexes have a nacreous sheen to the underside, which aids separation of female forms of this species from those of
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<taxonomicName id="85B7D18C366D2262FBA5FDDD8594FDA9" authority="(Larsen 1996, p. 126)" baseAuthorityName="Larsen" baseAuthorityPageNumber="126" baseAuthorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Nepheronia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="1561" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argia">
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<emphasis id="70C3761D366D2262FBA5FDDD8566FDA9" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1561">N. argia</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="2626D7FE366D2262FEC0FDFD85C2FDA9" author="Larsen TB" box="[285,425,551,575]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1561" refId="ref25550" refString="Larsen TB. 1996. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history. 2 nd edn. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press." type="book" year="1996">Larsen 1996</bibRefCitation>
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, p.126)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |