192 lines
22 KiB
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192 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.72690" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ca03b5fa-6408-4f9d-adbd-1b5a55827bd0" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-86-47" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C60B2ECFD8025577BCB4BF9F5E903455" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5650527" ID-ZooBank="5617D391397345709722E67A3EDF477E" ModsDocID="1314-2607-86-47" checkinTime="1635566795972" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kang, Ilgoo, Sharkey, Michael J. & Diaz, Rodrigo" docDate="2021" docId="8450DDB4CC0453D89FA8737494FCC3CD" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 86: 47-61" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 86" docPubDate="2021-10-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.72690" docTitle="Schoenlandella Cameron 1905" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="C60B2ECFD8025577BCB4BF9F5E903455" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="C60B2ECFD8025577BCB4BF9F5E903455" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Schoenlandella (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cardiochilinae) in the New World, with a potential biological control agent for a lepidopteran pest of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1678756937562" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title>Revision of the genus Schoenlandella (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cardiochilinae) in the New World, with a potential biological control agent for a lepidopteran pest of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Kang, Ilgoo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8501-1758</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 404 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ikang1@lsu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Sharkey, Michael J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6201-7340</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>The Hymenoptera Institute, 116 Franklin Ave., Redlands, CA, 92373, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Diaz, Rodrigo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5493-9548</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 404 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2021-10-29</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>86</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.72690</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="189635778" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8450DDB4CC0453D89FA8737494FCC3CD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8450DDB4CC0453D89FA8737494FCC3CD" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="7DTZ" ID-ENA="480571" LSID="8450DDB4-CC04-53D8-9FA8-737494FCC3CD" authority="Cameron, 1905" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Schoenlandella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schoenlandella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schoenlandella Cameron, 1905</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Schoenlandella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schoenlandella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schoenlandella</taxonomicName>
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Cameron, 1905 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Cameron, P" journalOrPublisher="Record of the Albany Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="161 - 175" refId="B5" refString="Cameron, P, 1905a. On the Hymenoptera of the Albany Museum, Grahamstown, South Africa (First paper). Record of the Albany Museum 1: 161 - 175" title="On the Hymenoptera of the Albany Museum, Grahamstown, South Africa (First paper)." volume="1" year="1905 a">Cameron 1905a</bibRefCitation>
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). Type Species:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Schoenlandella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schoenlandella nigromaculata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">Schoenlandella nigromaculata</taxonomicName>
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Cameron, 1905 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Cameron, P" journalOrPublisher="Record of the Albany Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="161 - 175" refId="B5" refString="Cameron, P, 1905a. On the Hymenoptera of the Albany Museum, Grahamstown, South Africa (First paper). Record of the Albany Museum 1: 161 - 175" title="On the Hymenoptera of the Albany Museum, Grahamstown, South Africa (First paper)." volume="1" year="1905 a">Cameron 1905a</bibRefCitation>
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) by subsequent designation by Viereck, 1914 (synonymized with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cardiochiles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cardiochiles" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cardiochiles</taxonomicName>
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Nees, 1819 by
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
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, 1911). Removed from synonymy by Whitfield & Dangerfield, 1997.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ernestiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ernestiella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ernestiella</taxonomicName>
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Cameron, 1905 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Cameron, P" journalOrPublisher="Spolia zeylanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="67 - 143" refId="B6" refString="Cameron, P, 1905b. On the phytophagous and parasitic Hymenoptera collected by Mr. E. Green in Ceylon. Spolia zeylanica 3: 67 - 143" title="On the phytophagous and parasitic Hymenoptera collected by Mr. E. Green in Ceylon." volume="3" year="1905 b">Cameron 1905b</bibRefCitation>
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) synonymized with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Schoenlandella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schoenlandella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schoenlandella</taxonomicName>
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Viereck, 1914. Type species:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ernestiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ernestiella nigromaculata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">Ernestiella nigromaculata</taxonomicName>
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Cameron 1905 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Cameron, P" journalOrPublisher="Spolia zeylanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="67 - 143" refId="B6" refString="Cameron, P, 1905b. On the phytophagous and parasitic Hymenoptera collected by Mr. E. Green in Ceylon. Spolia zeylanica 3: 67 - 143" title="On the phytophagous and parasitic Hymenoptera collected by Mr. E. Green in Ceylon." volume="3" year="1905 b">Cameron 1905b</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Diagnosis</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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(based on
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1071/IT98020" author="Dangerfield, PC" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Systematics" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="917 - 976" refId="B11" refString="Dangerfield, PC, Austin, AD, Whitfield, JB, 1999. Systematics of the world genera of Cardiochilinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Invertebrate Systematics 13 (6): 917 - 976, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/IT98020" title="Systematics of the world genera of Cardiochilinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/IT98020" volume="13" year="1999">Dangerfield et al. (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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with additions and modifications).
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</emphasis>
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Diagnostic characters of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Schoenlandella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schoenlandella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Schoenlandella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were described in
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1071/IT98020" author="Dangerfield, PC" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Systematics" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="917 - 976" refId="B11" refString="Dangerfield, PC, Austin, AD, Whitfield, JB, 1999. Systematics of the world genera of Cardiochilinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Invertebrate Systematics 13 (6): 917 - 976, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/IT98020" title="Systematics of the world genera of Cardiochilinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/IT98020" volume="13" year="1999">Dangerfield et al. (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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, based mostly on Old World species. The following are diagnostic features based on both Old World and New World members.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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Members of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Schoenlandella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schoenlandella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Schoenlandella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from species of other cardiochiline genera by the following characters:
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Head</emphasis>
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: possessing 32-44-segmented antenna; densely setose eye (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Schoenlandella gloriosa, non-type Honduras A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventral metasoma; arrow: median invagination on hypopygium E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum F wings." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601057" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">2C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Schoenlandella montserratensis, sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventral metasoma; arrow: median fold on hypopygium E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum F wings; arrow: 3 r vein on forewing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601059" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">4C</figureCitation>
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); two clypeal tubercles with sharp or smooth apical margin (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Schoenlandella diaphaniae, non-type A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventro-lateral metasoma E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601056" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">1C</figureCitation>
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); short to elongate malar space; bidentate mandible; six-segmented maxillary palpus; four-segmented labial palpus; absence of occipital carina; elongate galea, at least as long as malar space in lateral view (Note: narrower than galeae of members of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cardiochiles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cardiochiles" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Cardiochiles</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Nees, 1819) (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Schoenlandella diaphaniae, non-type A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventro-lateral metasoma E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601056" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">1A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Schoenlandella gloriosa, non-type Honduras A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventral metasoma; arrow: median invagination on hypopygium E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum F wings." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601057" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">2A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Schoenlandella montserratensis, sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventral metasoma; arrow: median fold on hypopygium E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum F wings; arrow: 3 r vein on forewing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601059" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">4A</figureCitation>
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); glossa elongate and deeply bilobed if entirely spread (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Schoenlandella montserratensis, sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventral metasoma; arrow: median fold on hypopygium E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum F wings; arrow: 3 r vein on forewing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601059" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">4A</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Mesosoma</emphasis>
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: notaulus finely crenulate; scutellar sulcus crenulate; posterior scutellum without cup-like pit; pronotum mostly smooth; mesopleuron mostly smooth; epicnemial carina absent; metapleuron rugulose; mesosternal sulcus crenulate; propodeum rugulose; propodeum with completely developed areola.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Wings</emphasis>
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: stigma of forewing moderate to broad; (RS+M)a of forewing present; 1r of forewing absent; spectral 3r of forewing reaching at basal fifth to half, if absent, examine characters of mouthparts and hypopygium; RS vein of forewing angled or curved (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Schoenlandella montserratensis, sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventral metasoma; arrow: median fold on hypopygium E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum F wings; arrow: 3 r vein on forewing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601059" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">4F</figureCitation>
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); 1a of forewing absent (Note: if present, the vein is nebulous); 2-1A of hind wing usually absent.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Legs</emphasis>
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: tarsal claw pectinate with sharp or obtuse apical tooth; hind basitarsus cylindrical (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Schoenlandella diaphaniae, non-type A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventro-lateral metasoma E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601056" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">1A</figureCitation>
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) or slightly expanded (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Schoenlandella montserratensis, sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventral metasoma; arrow: median fold on hypopygium E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum F wings; arrow: 3 r vein on forewing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601059" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">4A</figureCitation>
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) (Note: not nearly as expanded as in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Hartemita" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hartemita" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Hartemita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Cameron, 1910);
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Metasoma</emphasis>
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: lateral suture of T1 absent posteriorly; T2 and T3 entirely smooth; hypopygium apically acute in lateral view (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Schoenlandella diaphaniae, non-type A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventro-lateral metasoma E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601056" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">1D</figureCitation>
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); hypopygium uniformly sclerotized (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Schoenlandella diaphaniae, non-type A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventro-lateral metasoma E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601056" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">1D</figureCitation>
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); median longitudinal fold of hypopygium absent (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Schoenlandella diaphaniae, non-type A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventro-lateral metasoma E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601056" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">1D</figureCitation>
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) (Note: if present, the fold is entirely sclerotized or only slightly desclerotized (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Schoenlandella gloriosa, non-type Honduras A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventral metasoma; arrow: median invagination on hypopygium E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum F wings." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601057" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">2D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Schoenlandella montserratensis, sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventral metasoma; arrow: median fold on hypopygium E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum F wings; arrow: 3 r vein on forewing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601059" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">4D</figureCitation>
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)); ovipositor slightly downcurved (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Schoenlandella diaphaniae, non-type A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventro-lateral metasoma E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601056" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">1A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Schoenlandella gloriosa, non-type Honduras A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventral metasoma; arrow: median invagination on hypopygium E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum F wings." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601057" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">2D</figureCitation>
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); ovipositor sheath <~0.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of hind tibia.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="5650529" doi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601056" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Marsh" baseAuthorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Schoenlandella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schoenlandella diaphaniae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diaphaniae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Schoenlandella diaphaniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, non-type
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">A</emphasis>
|
||
lateral habitus
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">B</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal habitus
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">C</emphasis>
|
||
anterior head
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">D</emphasis>
|
||
ventro-lateral metasoma
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">E</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal propodeum and mesonotum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |