467 lines
61 KiB
XML
467 lines
61 KiB
XML
<document id="FEF7100A05810635ABC62F9F7212CA47" ID-CLB-Dataset="34194" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.413.7172" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f45c1ebe-039d-4180-bfd0-a9d772f72281" ID-PMC="PMC4086027" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-413-1" ID-PubMed="25009414" ID-ZooBank="5791CE9C1CC0472095838A585DA79446" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-413-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 413" ModsDocTitle="The hyper-diverse ant genus Tetramorium Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the Malagasy region taxonomic revision of the T. naganum, T. plesiarum, T. schaufussii, and T. severini species groups" checkinTime="1451245833965" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hita Garcia, Francisco & Fisher, Brian L." docDate="2014" docId="7C94F9E6F7A12928A52EF8C8D20E1E88" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 413: 1-170" docOrigin="ZooKeys 413" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.413.7172" docTitle="Tetramorium schaufussii Forel 1891" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="105" masterDocId="FFFAFFE7FFB3C93AB161C804401EFFC2" masterDocTitle="The hyper-diverse ant genus Tetramorium Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the Malagasy region taxonomic revision of the T. naganum, T. plesiarum, T. schaufussii, and T. severini species groups" masterLastPageNumber="170" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="100" updateTime="1701373021123" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="3050581E2207D57E684DA03EFE7B5BF6">The hyper-diverse ant genus Tetramorium Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the Malagasy region taxonomic revision of the T. naganum, T. plesiarum, T. schaufussii, and T. severini species groups</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="72AFCF5FDDD1EE67C1F65EDE796502E7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CDA46BA675BADC49C7F0D0E07696E881">Hita Garcia, Francisco</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="099BA8E3093A1DE574EBA3580AD4A4D5" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C64A2169FD665836F0BC6CDA00D62146">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="80D028C588B2080A74E02B4FAC0B2499">Fisher, Brian L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="08E19C3D96A14DEBD9699329D357E4CD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="13D48B89F859D2601F46E39E2EA2CD49">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9C96B439A620B05CEB465B7A00F36C0B">
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<mods:date id="CD7B33C84161A6FFC74615A797BDF68F">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="6A57EF50EFB8CA04D084CA987E7EC08D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="6DA0BB2306DB8557CF32523890D17C77">413</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="7D30ACD7418A259CE570F08C436B7EE2">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="9CB618A77A2CA8AE23879CC85D9ECD6C">170</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="963C1492AAC38DF6CD286172673636F6">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.413.7172</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="46224AA83D75985788E0ABBC23CF525E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="50E756F2C89124B501964A03FFF2B769" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.413.7172</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CAECA9034A405150B74E94F1763CF51A" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-413-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D5D640D1AAD346322CD9E40DDA86C424" type="ZooBank">5791CE9C1CC0472095838A585DA79446</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="7C94F9E6F7A12928A52EF8C8D20E1E88" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152053304" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7C94F9E6F7A12928A52EF8C8D20E1E88" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7C94F9E6F7A12928A52EF8C8D20E1E88" lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
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<subSubSection id="99604AB1C37169C20CA20CEA2A40E271" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3178AB8682E339BCD20CED9D47CD7E05" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
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<taxonomicName id="37751007B34C3A38ACA1F9D6BF832E7A" ID-CoL="55PT7" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Tetramorium_schaufussii" authority="Forel, 1891" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii Forel, 1891</taxonomicName>
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Figs 42C, 45B, 46C, 47A, B, 56, 66
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D5D02246B4C59CF78A4ECA21B08D7968" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="21EAF6CA1D847FD8162E366D08B291BB" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
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<taxonomicName id="40C5C2754160D66BEC818CC552C9FAEC" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
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Forel, 1891: 158.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="64652D03654C7818CE78F9E0A788CEA3" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="4F797B64C3155DAD4BAD2CA6EBB195E5" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1865348A4B25D07198EE564CE732FE10" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">Holotype, pinned worker, MADAGASCAR, Central Madagascar (C. Schaufuss) (MHNG: CASENT0101697).</paragraph>
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<caption id="110CDC13A241B844EE3BA6C1A2BAFB61" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
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<paragraph id="6845DFBD402FF5D7A0F9027190BFE619" pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
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Figure 56.
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<taxonomicName id="5A0914B5D460F5F16F59EE5F46FA5F2B" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
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holotype worker (CASENT0101697). A Body in profile B Body in dorsal view C Head in full-face view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="035161B8557CEAD3B1EFEF8CCD54098B" lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" type="non-type material">
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<paragraph id="2EAD730860F458A56884DAB7C74F6505" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
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<pageBreakToken id="AE8C9533CF7AE1FD5717D170FCD657AB" pageId="100" pageNumber="101" start="start">Non-type</pageBreakToken>
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material.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1A3613B1A373817BA812E980078E32E1" lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="100" pageNumber="101">
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MADAGASCAR: Antananarivo,
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<normalizedToken id="441F215DE834B4268FC7BD7664D2218F" originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="BA6D408612ADB39C2E5F7C4AB413A935" originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="836D010E01E050D36E1C539B9AE0EAD9" originalValue="d’Ambohitantely">d'Ambohitantely</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="D79C38B878EAA7528B43991A1B1D5575" originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="F59941D057EBF0B9283C6E9AB4E0346D" originalValue="d’Ambohitantely">d'Ambohitantely</normalizedToken>
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, Jardin Botanique, 24.1 km 59° NE Ankazobe,
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<geoCoordinate id="02370C3F3650F7CF4160706DB65C2AB2" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.17139">18.17139°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="8E3CB4253866D4D06B2B192E1F4AACEC" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.28182">47.28182°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1620 m, montane rainforest, 17.-22.IV.2001 (
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<pageBreakToken id="F32A4891CA2DA2B374BD569392A9281E" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" start="start">B</pageBreakToken>
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.L. Fisher et al.); Antananarivo, 3 km 41° NE Andranomay, 11.5 km 147° SSE Anjozorobe,
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<geoCoordinate id="6803793367084AF2A6FFC8AB1C25B08A" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.47333">18.47333°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="C7B348781398FF8BF7F0F3FC95B4AFE5" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="47.96">47.96°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1300 m, montane rainforest, 5.-13.XII.2000 (B.L. Fisher et al.); Antananarivo, Andrangoloaca (Sikora); Antananarivo, Stn.
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<normalizedToken id="8020588815A86B8ABC1FD4E5AA834DC5" originalValue="Forestiére">Forestiere</normalizedToken>
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Manjakatompo,
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<geoCoordinate id="5982DAD5D1BA8B9F03291E8E3AF814FD" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-19.35">19.35°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="A24F3DDD63A7BFF92A42305284E39584" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.31667">47.31667°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1600 m, montane rainforest, 20.II.1993 (P.S. Ward); Antsiranana,
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<normalizedToken id="2802E9ED6125DF30FC8310F23B251946" originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="507820D480F5FAC98528245FE3164539" originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
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de
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<normalizedToken id="1A30FFEA009A7E10E336728C67D0EBB5" originalValue="l’Ankarana">l'Ankarana</normalizedToken>
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, 13.6 km 192° SSW Anivorano Nord,
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<geoCoordinate id="0CFF968AA67C6C6130D6EC3B4475E076" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-12.86361">12.86361°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="357B3AC6636F96E2A23C440F40552A4C" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.22583">49.22583°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 210 m, tropical dry forest, 19.-20.II.2001 (G.D. Alpert); Antsiranana, Parc National Montagne
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<normalizedToken id="A2B56FF199D2E3B91CE1EBB7248ABA33" originalValue="d’Ambre">d'Ambre</normalizedToken>
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, Ambre grand lac,
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<geoCoordinate id="46767ECA2B0750216C86868EA6DF64BF" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-12.59656">12.59656°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="7ED5D34A9F4091CA65A6A4F0599F2F1E" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.15932">49.15932°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1350 m, montane rainforest, 13.XI.2007 (B.L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Parc National Montagne
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<normalizedToken id="C3FF7BB0DB7BFA3A753A01333F394940" originalValue="d’Ambre">d'Ambre</normalizedToken>
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, Lac Maudit,
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<geoCoordinate id="33DA117ED1A2D418AFCE0CB05749CC3D" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-12.58502">12.58502°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="E4F911FA9A4E47643201D2AFC91BAAF2" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.15147">49.15147°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1250 m, montane rainforest, 13.-14.XI.2007 (B.L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Parc National Montagne
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<normalizedToken id="3D3C97863B7FB29F83FFE7DA2B8E3751" originalValue="d’Ambre">d'Ambre</normalizedToken>
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, 12.2 km 211° SSW Joffreville,
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<geoCoordinate id="3663EB590D05DED399DD2CB078BD4E2C" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-12.59639">12.59639°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="E74975C0711599109B90761BB38EA196" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="49.1595">49.1595°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1300 m, montane rainforest, 2.-7.II.2001 (B.L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Parc National Montagne
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<normalizedToken id="2889970FBDD2BF1D2982C0C41FD4BC45" originalValue="d’Ambre">d'Ambre</normalizedToken>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="18D2F030614BB423650B3D22E06807D7" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-12.53417">12.53417°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="7ABCE4B4F8C8B953796115314CD6AF60" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.17607">49.17607°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1325 m, montane rainforest, 12.III.2011 (B.L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana,
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<normalizedToken id="A71789469D4A651E6999E8C647B4934A" originalValue="Rés">Res</normalizedToken>
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. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 9.2 km WSW Befingotra,
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<geoCoordinate id="32C1A85731D88E2169602BB4F6C3FAD2" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-14.75">14.75°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="93A013FBDBB6F7531E59DC37579309F0" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.46667">49.46667°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1200 m, montane rainforest, 9.-11.XI.1994 (B.L. Fisher); Antsiranana,
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<normalizedToken id="6B8E8D121475BDB6C85C1B529C403CBB" originalValue="Rés">Res</normalizedToken>
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. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 11.0 km WSW Befingotra,
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<geoCoordinate id="F8E952F9CC443B1DAC1FC0CD75BCB033" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-14.75">14.75°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="5C6CE49D32BACF4FDF3BFBD8C1CD65E4" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="49.45">49.45°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1550-1565 m, montane rainforest, 15.-21.XI.1994 (B.L. Fisher); Antsiranana,
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<normalizedToken id="B21CF4A6793D7ED4EA0384D7A152618F" originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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de Binara, 9.4 km 235° SW Daraina,
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<geoCoordinate id="7A6F2D71304440A3FC51B81F83E500D0" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-13.26333">13.26333°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="998535611B9EC01A65B81C3ADEA54194" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5555" value="49.6">49.6°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1100 m, montane rainforest, 5.XII.2003 (B.L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Makirovana forest,
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<geoCoordinate id="4B2A6FAA1495036E1C4D2E4BAC948275" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.16666">14.16666°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="BA08A9A7CC8C65955071651BBCF814CF" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="49.95">49.95°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 715 m, rainforest, 2.V.2011 (B.L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, R.S. Manongarivo, 12.8 km 228° SW Antanambao,
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<geoCoordinate id="5AF37D6FA8E674617843E375351A1A1E" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-13.97667">13.97667°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="1599E541A4725828A0069AEA1B0EE590" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.42333">48.42333°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 780 m, rainforest, 11.-17.X.1998 (B.L. Fisher); Antsiranana, R.S. Manongarivo, 14.5 km 220° SW Antanambao,
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<geoCoordinate id="39E8CCCF94C1C289E9C5D2DC4EE03335" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-13.99833">13.99833°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="D726BD4FB872513E7121D0E17741C1BB" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.42833">48.42833°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1175 m, montane rainforest, 19-25.X.1998 (B.L. Fisher); Antsiranana, R.S. Manongarivo, 17.3 km 218° SW Antanambao,
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<geoCoordinate id="49BB0170B376920D08559F7BA69D1BC7" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.02167">14.02167°S</geoCoordinate>
|
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="14B6DE155E4514BE837A3020BDAB9DD6" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.41833">48.41833°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1580 m, montane rainforest, 27.X.1998 (B.L. Fisher); Antsiranana, R.S. Manongarivo, 20.4 km 219° SW Antanambao,
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<geoCoordinate id="5BFBBCED0D06383186E9559CD07505C1" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.04667">14.04667°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="943165D933AB9F830DE853C412C918C5" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.40167">48.40167°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1860 m, montane rainforest, 3.XI.1998 (B.L. Fisher); Antsiranana, R.N.I. Marojejy, 11 km NW Manantenina,
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<geoCoordinate id="3D5CA42D8C097C481E7A0178112B2D2B" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-14.45">14.45°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="BD2CF4BD22D31AD95F69BA053B2DA47F" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.73333">49.73333°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1875 m, montane rainforest, 13.-19.XI.1996 (E.L. Quinter); Antsiranana, R.N.I. Marojejy, 11 km NW Manantenina, 14.43333, 49.75°E, 1225 m, montane rainforest, 25.X.-19.XI.1996 (E.L. Quinter); Antsiranana, Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 28.0 km 38° NE Andapa, 8.2 km 333° NNW Manantenina,
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<geoCoordinate id="37AFB194E3C214F7CD26CA4D202293CF" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.43667">14.43667°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="46D12D3A804C5EE0F4AEC5769F463F41" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="49.775">49.775°E</geoCoordinate>
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||
, 450 m, rainforest, 12.-15.XI.2003 (B.L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Parc National de Marojejy, Antranohofa, 26.6 km 31° NNE Andapa, 10.7 km 318° NW Manantenina,
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<geoCoordinate id="B803C3C47AC37E756D88F054F1588D08" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.44333">14.44333°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CBA93F84F2FAD532B822E70D11B73283" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.74333">49.74333°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1325 m, montane rainforest, 19.-20.XI.2003 (B.L. Fisher); Antsiranana, Parc National de Marojejy, 25.7 km 32° NNE Andapa, 10.3 km 314° NW Manantenina,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="777BC21833CCECCC20374C376390E1C2" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-14.445">14.445°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6ABEDC431CCBBE0F4E43117D0272C3D4" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.74167">49.74167°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1575 m, montane rainforest, 21.-22.XI.2003 (B.L. Fisher); Fianarantsoa, 28 km SSW Ambositra,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DA3B969F9AEAA1CB632C77988C434B94" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-20.76667">20.76667°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="68DB4826D50F98D1932442A0A9BDAE1E" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.18333">47.18333°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1660 m, rainforest, 29.IV.1989 (P.S. Ward); Fianarantsoa, 27.4 km SSW Ambositra,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C2075785F1AAD81274B7DFB0DA4D8DCB" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-20.77">20.77°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BAAE444B9A2CC5BF791578D94876A4C4" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.18667">47.18667°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1600 m, montane rainforest, 15.I.1998 (B.L. Fisher); Fianarantsoa, 26.8 km SW Ambositra, Parc naturel communautaire,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0E0994ECA184D48F4289346FAB987C2A" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-20.775">20.775°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0B1086917287EA0ACE2C1CAA7C3C7CD3" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.18362">47.18362°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1755 m, disturbed montane rainforest, 20.V.2008 (B.L. Fisher et al.); Fianarantsoa,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="720F77D3AE26E2D1D8B8A739C634731F" originalValue="Rés">Res</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Andringitra, 43 km S Ambalavao,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C79E9BC52B473CF4A5C16C94FFC5E69C" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-22.23333">22.23333°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 47°E, 825 m, rainforest, 5.X.1993 (B.L. Fisher); Fianarantsoa,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3030DE87214007B91BE465DAEBEBA001" originalValue="Rés">Res</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Andringitra, 38 km S Ambalavao,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="AE5166F38A6ED8C58ED13F55F09D7B47" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5555" value="-22.2">22.2°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7C1C2DB0137D33356BF2DEC7C7D5E9F7" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.96667">46.96667°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1680 m, montane rainforest, 23.X.1993 (B.L. Fisher); Fianarantsoa, P. N. Andringitra,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="02A3BB0715A81C33ADB6DBE0D1972E8C" originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
Ravaro 12.5 km SW Antanifotsy,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="028441E60F0680E045472E6EED3A483B" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-22.21167">22.21167°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="43A02DCD4BDCB5FDAD30EFB352D625AD" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="46.845">46.845°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1650 m, montane rainforest, 10.-15.I.2000 (S. Razafimandimby); Fianarantsoa,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1619265CA632D3735E6EDDA90140076A" originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B7715086CA8E1DCFAE6204C7073561F1" originalValue="d’Atsirakambiaty">d'Atsirakambiaty</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 7.6 km 285° WNW Itremo,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BCC20FB1C62F6023F634DC7E40F50728" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-20.59333">20.59333°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F4D7C29C99A9C62DEF19D520578B568E" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.56333">46.56333°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 150 m, montane rainforest, 22.-26.I.2003 (B.L. Fisher et al.); Fianarantsoa, Parc National Befotaka-Midongy, Papango 27.7 km S Midongy-Sud, Mount Papango,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A37CB0C4E371FB261A309E940A1C1421" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-23.83517">23.83517°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="05C76CD7792AD15394DEEE0D1B14D67B" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.96367">46.96367°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 940 m, rainforest, 13.-19.XI.2006 (B.L. Fisher et al.); Fianarantsoa, Parc National Befotaka-Midongy, Papango 28.5 km S Midongy-Sud, Mount Papango,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="35C16F1799E5DA4A244ABEE4DB90E608" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-23.84083">23.84083°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="99989349FE08E1241C4F2FCB349D8126" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="46.9575">46.9575°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1250 m, montane rainforest, 17.-18.2006 (B.L. Fisher et al.); Fianarantsoa, R.S. Ivohibe, 6.5 km ESE Ivohibe,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BF85347FEB238BB915946461BEEF95CB" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-22.49667">22.49667°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3B6103AB30BF0FF9A7E428146E037DC8" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="46.955">46.955°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1575 m, montane rainforest, 24.-30.X.1997 (B.L. Fisher); Fianarantsoa, 7 km W Ranomafana, 1100 m, montane rainforest, 1.-7.I.1988 (W.E. Steiner); Fianarantsoa, Ranomafana National Park, Maharira forest, 21°S, 47°E, 1375 m, montane rainforest, 12.X.1992 (E. Rajeriarison); Fianarantsoa, Ranomafana National Park, Maharira forest, 21°S, 47°E, 1130 m, montane rainforest, 29.XII.1992 (E. Rajeriarison); Fianarantsoa, Parc National de Ranomafana, Vatoharanana River, 4.1 km 231° SW Ranomafana,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5AF4F60E33242A589DAE4F5693C18A9C" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-21.29">21.29°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C5F1E87A6906C24555C6142941836DDC" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.43333">47.43333°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1100 m, montane rainforest, 27.-31.III.2003 (B.L. Fisher et al.); Fianarantsoa, Parc National de Ranomafana, Sahamalaotra River, 6.6 km 310° NW Ranomafana, m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5EB2D466F134E9C6484DEAFF4BA0CB2F" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-21.23667">21.23667°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F897B3D725362512E3DA8CEA745E80DB" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.39667">47.39667°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1150 m, montane rainforest, 31.III.2003 (B.L. Fisher et al.); Mahajanga,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="95BA9576D184272DAD5DCFCC85DD0FAC" originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="583C5BC756C3EA3C65FF261509175DCB" originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
|
||
Marotandrano, Marotandrano 48.3 km S Mandritsara,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B92B711A4DD8275637C93425836173EE" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-16.28322">16.28322°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="38EE7F5ADEB8717920CC47EE4E87ECF3" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.81443">48.81443°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 865 m, transition humid forest, 7.XII.2007 (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, 6.9 km NE Ambanizana, Ambohitsitondroina,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B8DCF902DDB98006ECA5F4B7F940D23B" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-15.58506">15.58506°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="01A660F35B70751CAA186DA3EF4F4CC2" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="50.00952">50.00952°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 825 m, rainforest, 2.XII.1992 (B.L. Fisher); Toamasina,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="284A3DF963F12B25479A7C73D76431F4" originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3C9CD60719466EA28BDE72F1A85DB08A" originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
|
||
Ambatovaky, Sandrangato river,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C19B6398218C6B7C9A16D463600AA4A0" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-16.76912">16.76912°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7E4F34BFFC22DFA3771204603F086211" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.26704">49.26704°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 475 m, rainforest, 21.II.2010 (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="10CD8AEB09AF7D447C61CAD79EC2B2F8" originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AAEBBBEC271200FC9BE53D415A173B2B" originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
|
||
Ambatovaky, Sandrangato river,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6EE5675242FFDBFF8794BE340F450011" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-16.7674">16.7674°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D4235BE287E0D533B0F5F084FDB7BD8D" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.26813">49.26813°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 500 m, rainforest, 23.II.2010 (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A5B9A1C58A85E1BFF6D96E12EEBCF499" originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="94AA029DFD804E3AD00BB83449744FE6" originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
|
||
Ambatovaky, Sandrangato river,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A323A2FD8EA36370FF5C1B25105B5A25" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-16.81745">16.81745°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="97CEF066F47045E757E609926EB7CB83" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="49.2925">49.2925°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 400 m, rainforest, 26.II.2010(B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Analamay,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="03F77C132AD25D464A0261C208C6384B" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.80623">18.80623°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F03BEE0EABBE8A4F3506C4452168C596" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.33707">48.33707°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1068 m, montane rainforest, 23.III.2004 (Malagasy ant team); Toamasina, 6 km ESE Andasibe (=Perinet),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="638732198B9D9D8536F57ABE81360408" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-18.95">18.95°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E65BD036CE3BC4E59976F1AE56D7097B" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.46667">48.46667°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 900 m, rainforest, 17.XI.1990 (P.S. Ward); Toamasina, Montagne
|
||
<normalizedToken id="968C15D268F99DA01E8ED02EC35B0614" originalValue="d’Anjanaharibe">d'Anjanaharibe</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 19.5 km 27° NNE Ambinanitelo,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="96C2A6F823B524BBB2097A8F09BE8434" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-15.17833">15.17833°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="61F224ABF25188886A62134C846854B6" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="49.635">49.635°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1100 m, montane rainforest, 12.-16.III.2003 (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Reserve Betampona, Camp Rendrirendry 34.1 km 332° Toamasina,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="38B15C54D25458F9E6063005BAFF7B2A" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-17.924">17.924°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="535F9382E0C643F8FA0FC42A73806550" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.19967">49.19967°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 390 m, rainforest, 29.-30.XI.2005 (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Parc National de Zahamena, Tetezambatana forest, near junction of Nosivola and Manakambahiny rivers,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DABC25ED8E2A43CC6C2E07E9944CEA0F" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-17.74298">17.74298°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8A64DBF6CE2BF2502DDDB6F37E307F92" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.72936">48.72936°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 860 m, rainforest, 19.II.2009 (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, Parc National de Zahamena, Onibe River,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="21F610F0CD40553908C7C59236DD7900" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-17.75908">17.75908°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B9F746429141907C715CC91168DD58BF" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.85468">48.85468°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 780 m, rainforest, 22.II.2009 (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toliara, Parc National
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C41188A928EC7CA5EA51D4682513ED07" originalValue="d’Andohahela">d'Andohahela</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Col du Sedro, 3.8 km 113° ESE Mahamavo, 37.6 km 341° NNW Tolagnaro,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5165005929EC2BB674A790817DF28453" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-24.76389">24.76389°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="29030A775667D7B8F64BAAC458EDE6CF" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.75167">46.75167°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 900 m, montane rainforest, 21.-25.I. (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toliara,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DFB16D914F216B9DBF3A41010FE98A8A" originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E61907AD627C17368DC62CE75684E347" originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
|
||
Kalambatritra, Betanana,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C1507E48C4B1E121B3BCD6FC73FD4ED2" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-23.4144">23.4144°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="903A2C5A5005BD07C1A99C3E686D9528" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="46.459">46.459°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1360 m, montane rainforest, 8.II.2010 (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toliara,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EB430B121E38D5065CE96420D9E08AD1" originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7F738F118460C4195CA1DEC0CDB6BFCF" originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
|
||
Kalambatritra, Ambinanitelo,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C383425CE3325CC0789985A724D3D8EF" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-23.4502">23.4502°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A4D84C3CE3EF35AF05BEBFBB56BE5E59" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="46.45658">46.45658°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1325 m, montane rainforest, 11.II.2010 (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toliara,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="24F937ADA38D0597CD6C23894356BC1E" originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="78EBF2ADF493C45ECD3AA4CDF52D4ECC" originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
|
||
Kalambatritra, Ampanihy,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="749FED0F4C142A3614FC141DCCCDDD02" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-23.4635">23.4635°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D075ECD6D5D7C0AF4922809CD6404AD3" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="46.4631">46.4631°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1270 m, montane rainforest, 9.-10.II.2010 (B.L. Fisher et al.); REUNION: no locality data (G. Mayr).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C5B8880F88FCF7AF171E934FDFFFBFCB" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="6FB396E2BA652D6AD619E96F2FFA9A50" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="96F26A11EF94EAEEB417900C62683984" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
|
||
The following character combination separates
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F91123B2A4C75575BC0181BB463873B5" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the remaining species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="318E5BC45615529FC1AAE1B2FD0D609E" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex: head much longer than wide (CI 86-90); antennal scapes short to very short (SI 66-73); eyes moderate to large (OI 24-28); frontal carinae usually moderately well developed, slightly diverging posteriorly, and typically fading out or merging with surrounding sculpture halfway between posterior eye and posterior head margin; propodeal spines usually short, triangular to elongate-triangular (PSLI 11-18), propodeal lobes short and triangular, usually of approximately same length as propodeal spines, sometimes lobes longer, rarely much shorter than spines, but spines and lobes never strongly inclined towards each other; petiolar node in profile high rounded nodiform, around 1.6 to 1.9 times higher than long (LPeI 52-63), in dorsal view between 1.1 to 1.4 times wider than long (DPeI 112-136); propodeum without standing pilosity; petiole and postpetiole with long, standing pilosity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FA232130C7442A699362318BCDEB72CC" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="worker measurements">
|
||
<paragraph id="7AD47395228BDB3AFDC2C6603958F197" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Worker measurements</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FEB712EF934FCD0896A6FA3A93EE20AD" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">(N=60). HL 0.59-0.76 (0.67); HW 0.51-0.68 (0.60); SL 0.36-0.50 (0.42); EL 0.14-0.19 (0.16); PH 0.26-0.35 (0.31); PW 0.38-0.50 (0.45); WL 0.70-0.93 (0.82); PSL 0.07-0.14 (0.10); PTL 0.12-0.17 (0.14); PTH 0.21-0.29 (0.25); PTW 0.15-0.20 (0.17); PPL 0.15-0.22 (0.18); PPH 0.20-0.28 (0.24); PPW 0.21-0.28 (0.25); CI 86-90 (88); SI 66-73 (71); OI 24-28 (26); DMI 52-59 (54); LMI 35-39 (37); PSLI 11-18 (15); PeNI 35-41 (39); LPeI 52-63 (57); DPeI 112-136 (124); PpNI 53-61 (56); LPpI 69-83 (75); DPpI 125-150 (137); PPI 131-153 (142).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A26BC21341CCD08D8466D6D7AC60A22F" lastPageId="102" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="worker description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D14558F6D4BA978EB63836B841FCE06C" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">Worker description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A62E43D0DDE0133C42CB999750918C20" lastPageId="102" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
|
||
Head much longer than wide (CI 86-90); posterior head margin weakly concave. Anterior clypeal margin with distinct median impression. Frontal carinae usually moderately well developed, slightly diverging posteriorly, and typically fading out or merging with surrounding sculpture halfway between posterior eye and posterior head margin. Antennal scrobes weak to absent, shallow and without clear and distinct posterior and ventral margins. Antennal scapes short to very short, not reaching posterior head margin (SI 66-73). Eyes moderate to large (OI 24-28). Mesosomal outline in profile flat to weakly convex, comparatively low and long (LMI 35-39), moderately marginate from lateral to dorsal mesosoma; promesonotal suture absent; metanotal groove either weakly developed or absent. Propodeal spines usually short, triangular to elongate-triangular (PSLI 11-18), propodeal lobes short and triangular, usually of approximately same length as propodeal spines, sometimes lobes longer, rarely much shorter than spines, but never strongly inclined towards each other. Petiolar node in profile high rounded nodiform, around 1.6 to 1.9 times higher than long (LPeI 52-63), anterior and posterior faces approximately parallel, usually anterodorsal and posterodorsal margins situated at about same height and equally angled, sometimes an
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="853A4C13D69E65A5E215291C76DB7C56" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" start="start">terodorsal</pageBreakToken>
|
||
margin slightly higher, petiolar dorsum generally weakly convex, sometimes flat; node in dorsal view between 1.1 to 1.4 times wider than long (DPeI 112-136), in dorsal view pronotum between 2.4 to 2.8 times wider than petiolar node (PeNI 35-41). Postpetiole in profile globular, around 1.2 to 1.4 times higher than long (LPpI 69-83); in dorsal view between 1.2 to 1.5 times wider than long (DPpI 125-150), pronotum between 1.6 to 1.9 times wider than postpetiole (PpNI 53-61). Postpetiole in profile appearing more or less of similar volume as petiolar node, postpetiole in dorsal view around 1.3 to 1.5 times wider than petiolar node (PPI 131-153). Mandibles completely unsculptured, smooth, and shiny; clypeus longitudinally rugulose/rugose with three to six usually regularly shaped and unbroken rugulae/rugae, median ruga usually fully developed and distinct, very rarely broken, one or two lateral rugulae/rugae present on each side; cephalic dorsum between frontal carinae longitudinally rugulose/rugose with seven to ten rugae/rugulae, rugae/rugulae usually running from posterior clypeal margin to posterior head margin, often irregularly shaped, interrupted, or with cross-meshes; scrobal area partly unsculptured and merging with surrounding sculpture; lateral head reticulate-rugose to longitudinally rugose, often posteriorly mostly unsculptured. Ground sculpture on head usually well developed, moderately reticulate-punctate, especially on cephalic dorsum and scrobal area, sometimes ground sculpture much weaker, almost absent. Dorsum of mesosoma usually irregularly longitudinally rugose to reticulate-rugose, sometimes almost completely reticulate-rugose with few longitudinally rugose elements; lateral mesosoma mostly irregularly longitudinally rugose to reticulate-rugose, often lateral pronotum weaker sculptured to almost unsculptured. Ground sculpture on mesosoma variably developed, usually weakly to moderately punctate, sometimes very weak or absent. Forecoxae either unsculptured, smooth, and shining or with longitudinally rugulose or reticulate-rugose sculpture on upper half. Both waist segments and gaster fully unsculptured, smooth, and shining. Dorsum of head with several pairs of long, fine, standing hairs; mesosoma with six or more pairs on promesonotum, propodeum without standing pilosity; petiole usually with one or two and postpetiole with two to three pairs of long, standing hairs; first gastral tergite with short, moderately dense, appressed pubescence in combination with several scattered to numerous, long, standing hairs. Anterior edges of antennal scapes and dorsal (outer) surfaces of hind tibiae with appressed to decumbent hairs. Head, mesosoma, waist segments, and gaster uniformly light yellowish brown to very dark brown, almost black contrasting with lighter yellowish to light brown mandibles, antennae, and legs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="82F0C833916C5339B757AAF6FC557CD6" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="distribution and biology">
|
||
<paragraph id="6E438F3F45476164E0515D413B86D829" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="92474D56981C0F3D7EAFFA3D75C1AA2F" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="849215ED4D1CD54630A460615556484E" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
|
||
is broadly distributed throughout most of the humid forest zones from the southeast to the north of Madagascar (Fig. 66). Surprisingly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="955750E27C0DD9422DBF9BBDA33B4C2F" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also known from one very old collection event from the island of Reunion, but apart from that no modern collection exists from that island. Despite that we list Reunion as record for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B62F5F6E768A83237CF14DAEF5290E14" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
|
||
we consider that record as problematic and highly questionable. In Madagascar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EC9C95E4C0376000F8C7AFEE59299BBD" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
|
||
is almost always found in rainforests or montane rainforests at elevations from 210 to 1875 m, even though most of the material was collected at elevations higher than 1000 m. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A53C6745BEEC002E16D6AFEC439578E7" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to be an inhabitant of the leaf litter stratum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7CB2DFAB07D4BD63A761DF864495B65B" lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="5342CA826E7995EE022E380B4A072C90" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="C021219F3ACF8A08558EEC9772DDE6E4" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" start="start">Discussion</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="397BA21E2B2A28330CA0C8C1B8F40C69" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8627A41F272C35B481BFD8A1F659D341" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussi">Tetramorium schaufussi</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most widespread, common, and abundant species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E1B9252C8A7A018722957240B034B99" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussi">Tetramorium schaufussi</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex. Also,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE829E561F7124D3E7DE1FB728060F27" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
|
||
co-occurs with all other members of the complex throughout its range. It can be well separated from most species, but its separation from a few morphologically close forms is more challenging. Due to its larger eyes (OI 24-28)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="769B8EF355305BF58EA520458533224F" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very unlikely to be mistaken for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B238C51A161112ECA959888D063193CE" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium pseudogladius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudogladius">Tetramorium pseudogladius</taxonomicName>
|
||
(OI 20). Additionally, its petiolar node shape, which is always broader than long (DPeI 112-136), distinguishes it from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E702D4CCE384245F1C57B3C79408A7FD" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium nassonowii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nassonowii">Tetramorium nassonowii</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has a longer than broad node (DPeI 87-98). The species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89634EC2B5D53A1E422D099D301F9CAC" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium scutum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutum">Tetramorium scutum</taxonomicName>
|
||
, despite being morphologically relatively similar, has longer propodeal spines (PSLI 22-24) and the spines and propodeal lobes are strongly inclined towards each other.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE2F97F891D026217F77537D05B3528C" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
|
||
always has shorter spines (PSLI 11-18) and the spines and lobes are never strongly inclined towards each other.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDFBEC02F747BF9DCAEF433AFEB96931" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium rala" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rala">Tetramorium rala</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AF25E73A4D9871319EB92802A13F9AA0" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium sikorae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sikorae">Tetramorium sikorae</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack long, standing pilosity on the waist segments, separating them easily from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B9E35C3B31DE52407D50EAC3A36637E" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but is should be noted that without consideration of the pilosity on the waist segments,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4752445BD49B7CB2C8D7CA529AB844C8" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium sikorae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sikorae">Tetramorium sikorae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is generally very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EC5C1003B19F7F77C4C2A24AECC22C22" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The difference, however, is very constant and both are usually found in sympatry, leading us to the decision to retain them as two species. Furthermore, most of the material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1DB717F72C82FE7271FA2666458CFBD" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium obiwan" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obiwan">Tetramorium obiwan</taxonomicName>
|
||
also lacks pilosity on the waist segments, distinguishing it from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="728381A6B71531DAFE4DCA95D22C0ACF" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and, if pilosity is present, it is reduced to one pair on the petiole or postpetiole. Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37E5F383FD1CF0303CF79ACC5CAC879D" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium obiwan" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obiwan">Tetramorium obiwan</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses longer antennal scapes (SI 77-82) and is much larger (HW 0.71-0.84; WL 1.00-1.20) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4F6381560D32EE8857CFB850E48E441C" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SI 66-73; HW 0.51-0.68; WL 0.70-0.93). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDE0C95689943407F46BA944D9C5BE23" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tetramorium</taxonomicName>
|
||
body size is usually not useful and often even misleading due to high intraspecific variation in many species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D71D375C09783C345E69E39B85F6D436" author="Hita Garcia, F" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" pagination="1 - 90" title="Taxonomy of the Tetramorium weitzeckeri species group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropical zoogeographical region." volume="2704" year="2010">Hita Garcia et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BDD0D85164171AF2B7B6AC55115BA7DF" author="Hita Garcia, F" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" pagination="1 - 85" title="The ant genus Tetramorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Malagasy region-taxonomic revision of the T. kelleri and T. tortuosum species groups." volume="3592" year="2012 a">Hita Garcia and Fisher 2012a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but in the case of these two species we can confidently separate them by size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="516B347A10A9C07C19148410C7140EA0" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||
The three species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E988D94C0598A8517CD1DEE5DFB5E75" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium merina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merina">Tetramorium merina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="276B1DC4972A8F6565A11DD54ADDA2ED" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium monticola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">Tetramorium monticola</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9843345EA8CD50597FE51AF9613287D4" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium xanthogaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthogaster">Tetramorium xanthogaster</taxonomicName>
|
||
are often difficult to separate from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BE684D7B9E74BFD9A2CEA3BF473E8675" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The most important discriminating difference between these three and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="954F8167AA8CC90476023FF882B2226E" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the shape of the head. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FA4E8E52F79C51B2749AE6722BC4315" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
|
||
the head is usually much longer and thinner (CI 86-90 vs. CI 91-95 in the other three species). Additionally, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00F6D33DBE3C8C16E880DAA24C84F677" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
|
||
the clypeus almost always has a very distinct and unbroken median longitudinal ruga, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D24EB2A52110D4605BB48452F282AE6" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium merina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merina">Tetramorium merina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4278A797EDFF9D11089AF07824272C1C" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium monticola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">Tetramorium monticola</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A378A52D016164C29DD4CECA0141F0F6" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium xanthogaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthogaster">Tetramorium xanthogaster</taxonomicName>
|
||
normally have the median area fully unsculptured without any median ruga/rugula at all, or the median ruga/rugula is present, but then it is usually interrupted, very irregularly shaped, or only present as traces. This character has to be treated with caution however, as there are a few specimens in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A567C5B9385AA16631F69A60E0C686BB" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium merina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merina">Tetramorium merina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A88332659D489EC47A556879E5632703" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium monticola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">Tetramorium monticola</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EED9DC5301F9B695F313543BE59C523" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium xanthogaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthogaster">Tetramorium xanthogaster</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which the median ruga/rugula is present. The delimitations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="674B62B758C702C3FC169005F12E2039" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium merina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merina">Tetramorium merina</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E01B5D19D95AAA53AB65E7A12DD2A6C7" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be difficult, but in areas where they co-occur in the Central Highlands of Madagascar they can be easily separated by body size. In that area
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F8BD9950256CFEF4521734653232B8E3" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium merina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merina">Tetramorium merina</taxonomicName>
|
||
is always much larger in size and has shorter propodeal spines (PSLI 7-11) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E52F37A943364F3560B5FC31024815FC" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(PSLI 11-18).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="597B20839BBC9FC43E82EDF37998832F" lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
|
||
It must be pointed out that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31E0665A5EEAB6F513D891767B22F735" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">
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<pageBreakToken id="ACA4729C609D4C5328BBC88344CCD8E1" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" start="start">Tetramorium</pageBreakToken>
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schaufussii
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</taxonomicName>
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is highly variable, likely the most variable species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AA65A5893A5894A4CA11E5BAB3C1D36" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
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complex and the whole species group. There are several important characters varying significantly throughout the distribution range that need to be addressed here. The frontal carinae are moderately well developed in most of the material, but in one series from Mt. Anjanaharibe they are reduced and much weaker. As do several other species of the group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AB9DF7BE87BE47EAFC69227F4328520F" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
|
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possesses a comparatively variable petiolar node shape. It is generally high rounded nodiform with the anterodorsal and posterodorsal margins situated at about the same height and both equally rounded or angled. However, the node is often lower and thicker, and this variation can be seen within the same series or population. Sometimes the node also has a slightly higher and more angled anterodorsal margin in comparison to the posterodorsal margin, even though only weakly so. In addition, even though mostly stable, the propodeal spines do occasionally vary. They are usually short to very short (PSLI 11-15), but some specimens from Andranomay, Binara, and Marojejy have longer spines (PSLI 16-18). Also highly variable is colouration that also contains a geographic component. Most of the material from the southeast to the central east is much darker in colour, usually dark brown to almost black. The material from the north is very variable in colour ranging from very bright yellow (Mt. Anjanaharibe) to almost black (Marojejy), but usually constant on a local scale. Parallel to the colouration, there is also geographic variation observable in the sculpture on the forecoxae. Most of the darker material has the upper part of the forecoxae distinctly sculptured, whereas in most of the brighter material the forecoxae are completely unsculptured. However, this is not always the case, and thus not used for diagnostics.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB09A5748F74BCB23B8B4BCFBD17E257" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
|
||
The series from Mt. Anjanaharibe mentioned above also requires some comments. The specimens are much brighter in color, smaller in size, and have much weaker frontal carinae than the rest of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2DFB8BF7304787A557C20FFF89B20DD" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
|
||
material. These are not unlikely to turn out to be a distinct species, but for the moment we keep it as a smaller, brighter geographical variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8E3177DD52DEF6DFC41A35B93FDE6B5" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |