222 lines
26 KiB
XML
222 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="6D1A5928EFD089A5A2C2E4BDD07B0B10" ID-CLB-Dataset="33778" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.341.5816" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1485e168-157a-47d4-b9fa-2a21400a28ff" ID-PMC="PMC3800810" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-341-77" ID-PubMed="24146599" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-341-77" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 341" ModsDocTitle="Sea anemones (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Actiniaria) from coral reefs in the southern Gulf of Mexico" checkinTime="1451246812539" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gonzalez-Munoz, Ricardo, Simoes, Nuno, Tello-Musi, Jose Luis & Rodriguez, Estefania" docDate="2013" docId="317908D7142B9A1F1ED4ED77A136CF78" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 341: 77-106" docOrigin="ZooKeys 341" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.341.5816" docTitle="Isoaulactinia stelloides McMurrich 1889" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="85" masterDocId="FFEBA2745B17421B007FDB25C72D5A0A" masterDocTitle="Sea anemones (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Actiniaria) from coral reefs in the southern Gulf of Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="77" pageNumber="84" updateTime="1732753652445" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="442F790CF4292D9A6A7BDB722522E807">Sea anemones (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Actiniaria) from coral reefs in the southern Gulf of Mexico</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3FE5F247B0428B966BFD630F6348269E">Gonzalez-Munoz, Ricardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E5D68E2BBEE6662454D59F1AD787BDFF">Simoes, Nuno</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FE3A6E3976AA62177853D9F28674BDD8">Tello-Musi, Jose Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F6CB8BDD979E665BA01204A552C2E68C">Rodriguez, Estefania</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EF20BF10B05D6985E16C3C735D434AD0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="26777738034AC0D398C6585BF35F01A4">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="55C7B156B84060C66F0C94A58A7BF5B9">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="2AD71391C6C94E284ABD3BB63C17BAC8" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D20F42ED9DB4C02E9013F4BDA296FF4F">341</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="17229FE7BCCFFD919C02253BBB35F9BC">77</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="1515677EA3A0FB44ED0D2C15CDADDD31">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.341.5816</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="1B6C947AB266E5C7E7D28FD8D32F08D2">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B15C8750DDB8E9BC4C51C7999F149D55" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.341.5816</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B8EB141E604FBA74FF8CA83CD0AE3822" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-341-77</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="317908D7142B9A1F1ED4ED77A136CF78" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152048732" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:317908D7142B9A1F1ED4ED77A136CF78" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/317908D7142B9A1F1ED4ED77A136CF78" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" scope_class="Anthozoa" scope_order="Actiniaria" scope_phylum="Cnidaria">
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<subSubSection id="878C1ED009908BF4E85C1906DE337CCE" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="24C8616C88CB6ED83BA4F3E981AAEB92" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
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<taxonomicName id="B3D09D7EDAC6223A343A27E55DF774E6" ID-CoL="3Q7GN" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Isoaulactinia_stelloides" authority="McMurrich, 1889" authorityName="McMurrich" authorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Isoaulactinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isoaulactinia stelloides" order="Actiniaria" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stelloides">Isoaulactinia stelloides (McMurrich, 1889)</taxonomicName>
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Figure 6, Table 2
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E0CF20F6C90B201FC48EE72AE886FA12" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C0E37BFB603CA05B35BD4C2822E51759" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
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<taxonomicName id="648340759FCDB213CCC56E80059E5D63" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Aulactinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulactinia stelloides" order="Actiniaria" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stelloides">Aulactinia stelloides</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="26EBF35108F2B1694747540793985131" author="McMurrich, JP" journalOrPublisher="W. I. Journal of Morphology" pageId="17" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 80" title="The Actiniaria of the Bahama Islands." url="10.1002/jmor.1050030102" volume="3" year="1889">McMurrich 1889</bibRefCitation>
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: 28-31.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="72EF322FB4A965D597537AA944ECAF8E" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
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<taxonomicName id="64717736F622BC7181135400EF2951CA" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Aulactinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulactinia stella" order="Actiniaria" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stella">Aulactinia stella</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF88BBBFAA24FA6240B0264E850AF90A" author="Duerden, JE" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 15" title="The actiniarian family Aliciidae." url="10.1080/00222939708680594" volume="20" year="1897">Duerden 1897</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 454-455.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="625F56D058559450AD654FBD72A1CD2A" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
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<taxonomicName id="56C0B46D8B8517F68ECA29019AF59C35" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bunodella stelloides" order="Actiniaria" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stelloides">Bunodella stelloides</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="685FC2BE05E7D4C11957043E3C1A2775" author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Science and Arts" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" pagination="41 - 50" title="Descriptions of imperfectly known and new actinians, with critical notes on other species, II." url="10.2475/ajs.s4-7.37.41" volume="7" year="1899">Verrill 1899</bibRefCitation>
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: 43-44.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="44CE3205B63B3089C70F05563EB40B0D" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
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<taxonomicName id="EA28E46F92F3D556016CD074B5F20D31" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bunodes stella" order="Actiniaria" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stella">Bunodes stella</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="29772AB0C046254351764C009502E1EA" author="Duerden, JE" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Institute of Jamaica" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="449 - 465" title="The Actiniaria around Jamaica." volume="2" year="1898">Duerden 1898</bibRefCitation>
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: 455.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C1C2AA7EA63BA16F0B14F2D8DEF0B078" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
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<taxonomicName id="A8DB0BD3DBA430FEA88B73E7D5FDE739" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Bunodactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bunodactis stelloides" order="Actiniaria" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stelloides">Bunodactis stelloides</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="56D7CA0D0B13753A4B389C09EF6E2B36" author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences" pageId="18" pageNumber="95" pagination="551 - 572" title="Additions to the Anthozoa and Hydrozoa of the Bermudas. Anthozoa." volume="10" year="1900">Verrill 1900</bibRefCitation>
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: 556.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="293EC5E136BB97BA1677C74790C87035" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
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<taxonomicName id="32F6751C004C3FA859C55664DB858664" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura catenulata" order="Actiniaria" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="catenulata">Anthopleura catenulata</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="0DD1CD3ED9BF9B17BF0DE5C40C3BAAA0" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Cairns, den Hartog and Arneson 1986</bibRefCitation>
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: 177-178; Pl. 51.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="82E345E64419A96AF234429E3237E63F" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
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<taxonomicName id="1E7B9012812033D476CF5B89448C4B81" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Anthopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthopleura carneola" order="Actiniaria" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carneola">Anthopleura carneola</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="04DDDF385D0220E9A115A95CD9975B84" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Cairns, den Hartog and Arneson 1986</bibRefCitation>
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: 177-178; Pl. 51.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9CA6E127F4F31044E6FECD5F05F722D9" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
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<taxonomicName id="E3EBC1CD9FC36B41FE9A61D227F6D9A7" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Isoaulactinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isoaulactinia stelloides" order="Actiniaria" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stelloides">Isoaulactinia stelloides</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="8507D7C05D5C57CA7E9E39C9A46A1461" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
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<normalizedToken id="C99FC6225FAF6A2CDAB9FC8A6D6BCB2E" originalValue="Belém">Belem</normalizedToken>
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, Herrera-Moreno and Schlenz 1996
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 77-88.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0022D6A872403A3AF61F8D58DA09D213" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" type="material examined">
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<paragraph id="7E68A47513F6B353B085CF1CD02EF541" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="23F52E6E4B6947469AB428086616F45D" pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
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La Gallega reef (
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<geoCoordinate id="2D7A95B6B0B58D1F69E4B7AA6EF23286" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="19.222223">19°13'20"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="3B34EC8ACDF4FD5F48175A7C4FA6143E" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-96.1275">96°07'39"W</geoCoordinate>
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; six specimens).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A67875BEF025737308AAEE552C1E9384" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="E57EB15A1D06E7B150C93490258E063A" pageId="8" pageNumber="85">
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<pageBreakToken id="FAAE9E8F6D3F6C6FD41A17A503053027" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CE4CB30C4CC9AC5B1C3BFD668D7FE960" pageId="8" pageNumber="85">
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Fully expanded oral disc and tentacles to 24-38 mm in diameter. Oral disc smooth, slightly wider than column, 9-11 mm in diameter, light- or olive-green, sometimes with small white stripes near tentacles bases (Figure 6A, B). Tentacles hexamerously arranged in four cycles (about 48 in number), simple, smooth, moderately long (9-14 mm in length), conical, tapering distally, inner ones longer than outer ones, contractile, olive-green with white bands along entire length (Figure 6A, B). Deep fosse (Figure 6G). Twenty-four endocoelic marginal projections (Figure 6C, G) with basitrichs and macrobasic p-mastigophores. Column cylindrical, 8-12 in diameter and 13-22 mm in height, with approximately 48 longitudinal rows of verrucae along entire column, but more conspicuous distally (Figure 6C). Pedal disc well-developed, 9-16 mm in diameter (Figure 6C). Column, verrucae, and pedal disc light-brown or beige (Figure 6C). Mesenteries hexamerously arranged in three cycles (24 pairs in specimens examined): all cycles perfect; same number of mesenteries distally and proximally. First and second cycles fertile (except directives); hermaphroditic (?), only oocytes observed in specimens examined (Figure 6E). Developing polyps in coelenteron (Figure 6F). Two pairs of directives each attached to a well-developed siphonoglyph (Figure 6D). Retractor muscles strong and restricted; parietobasilar muscles well-developed with relatively long and thick free mesogleal pennon (Figure 6E). Basilar muscles well-developed (Figure 6H). Marginal sphincter muscle endodermal, strong and circumscribed, palmate (Figure 6G). Longitudinal muscles of tentacles ectodermal (Figure 6I). Zooxanthellae present. Cnidom: basitrichs, microbasic b-mastigophores, macrobasic and microbasic p-mastigophores, and spirocysts (Figure 6
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<normalizedToken id="5C276880C4D87897CA48236B1452BB02" originalValue="J–Y">J-Y</normalizedToken>
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; see Table 2).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="ABD63E864E4C5677846F65EDA2BFA7C0" pageId="8" pageNumber="85">
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<paragraph id="56E36A91932E50A7D3319FC273BB206B" pageId="8" pageNumber="85">
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Figure 6.
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<taxonomicName id="46AC22509196FB5D9CF40A4C6B7588DF" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Isoaulactinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isoaulactinia stelloides" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stelloides">Isoaulactinia stelloides</taxonomicName>
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. A Live specimen in natural habitat B Oral view C Lateral view D Detail of directives showing a siphonoglyph E Cross section through proximal column F Detail of brooded juvenile G Longitudinal section through margin showing marginal sphincter muscle and marginal projection H Longitudinal section though base showing basilar muscles I Cross section through tentacle
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<normalizedToken id="A04474C857EDABD8B363F189CE1C1F4D" originalValue="J–Y">J-Y</normalizedToken>
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Cnidae.- marginal projection: J small basitrich K macrobasic p-mastigophore; actinopharynx: M basitrich N macrobasic p-mastigophore O microbasic p-mastigophore P long, curved basitrich; column: Q small basitrich R macrobasic p-mastigophore; filament: S small basitrich T basitrich U macrobasic p-mastigophore V microbasic b-mastigophore W microbasic p-mastigophore; tentacle: X basitrich Y spirocyst. Abbreviations.- b: brooded juvenile, bm: basilar muscle, c: column, d: directives, e: epidermis, fo: fosse, lm: longitudinal muscle, m: mesoglea, mp: marginal projection, o: oocyst, od: oral disc, pd: pedal disc, pm: parietobasilar muscle, rm: retractor muscle, s: siphonoglyph, sp: sphincter, t: tentacle, vr: verrucae, z: zooxanthellae. Scale bars:
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<normalizedToken id="1BA23164120E270BD763948FEB77F110" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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: 10 mm;
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<normalizedToken id="B3B9D5AA2E41F11335C0137B615D6229" originalValue="D–I">D-I</normalizedToken>
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: 200
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<normalizedToken id="9DD103EF2E49D8EC8A6CBAA2775F520C" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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;
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<normalizedToken id="220F59F0FD9588B3BFD8D8634411422B" originalValue="J–Y">J-Y</normalizedToken>
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: 25
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<normalizedToken id="0DE0A5A7034CB18F0FB8834C48A4F36E" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1D4E7EF09D61F359252523A0C34A849D" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" type="natural history">
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<paragraph id="AFBC9602D909FE77B257DE9F09B60C63" pageId="8" pageNumber="85">Natural history.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="336BC69E7385109A8AA0FE6A208ADC01" pageId="8" pageNumber="85">
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<taxonomicName id="66A9E269581895A10D397423779A33B5" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Isoaulactinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isoaulactinia stelloides" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stelloides">Isoaulactinia stelloides</taxonomicName>
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inhabits shallow waters in the lagoon reef zone, at 1-2 m, near
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<taxonomicName id="C8B2CF5CB51A6D769E3FFC1288DAFA2B" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Actinostella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Actinostella flosculifera" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flosculifera">Actinostella flosculifera</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="36737F6FFEAD473259B7770ADAF28C01" class="Anthozoa" family="Stichodactylidae" genus="Stichodactyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stichodactyla helianthus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="helianthus">Stichodactyla helianthus</taxonomicName>
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, and the zoanthid
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<taxonomicName id="81025B0F526B484FC2BEBD300F45C5ED" class="Anthozoa" family="Sphenopidae" genus="Palythoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palythoa caribaeorum" order="Zoantharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="caribaeorum">Palythoa caribaeorum</taxonomicName>
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(Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860). It lives with the column burrowed in the sand but the pedal disc attached to rocks and coral rubble. Although we only observed developing oocytes in the two specimens histologically examined,
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<taxonomicName id="D2C87B6C610C2CF8E3F0E713C06D166F" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Isoaulactinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isoaulactinia stelloides" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stelloides">Isoaulactinia stelloides</taxonomicName>
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has been reported as a simultaneous hermaphroditic, internally brooding, often with developing polyps in the coelenteron (
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<bibRefCitation id="F867519A42F44E5E96044A16362AA416" author="Belem, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Biociencias" pageId="15" pageNumber="92" pagination="77 - 88" title="On Isoaulactinia stelloides (McMurrich, 1889), n. gen., n. comb. (Cnidaria; Actiniaria; Actiniidae)." volume="4" year="1996">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CC0C238A925273619E80BE4CAB353D5E" originalValue="Belém">Belem</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E2499784DCC33C32E195A52C33C5D560" author="Daly, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Sciences" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="401 - 421" title="Taxonomy, circumscription, and usage in Anthopleura (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean." volume="74" year="2004">Daly and den Hartog 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); the latter have also been observed in the present study (Figure 6F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F3EAA7B9B8CED626B12C3AEF65E8C726" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="F5D599037A92128A486ED60334E87EA5" pageId="8" pageNumber="85">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BF54BADC5119DEF7358FF4D60087E40F" pageId="8" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Western Atlantic, from Bermuda to Barbados, and along the Caribbean Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="ECD44FB10D53C810B1E899A70A23D2BD" author="Belem, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Biociencias" pageId="15" pageNumber="92" pagination="77 - 88" title="On Isoaulactinia stelloides (McMurrich, 1889), n. gen., n. comb. (Cnidaria; Actiniaria; Actiniidae)." volume="4" year="1996">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4AAFF8B2831919318027EE70F20C7840" originalValue="Belém">Belem</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="37FDA1FDC165555EA6CE7BF29262CBE9" author="Daly, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Sciences" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="401 - 421" title="Taxonomy, circumscription, and usage in Anthopleura (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean." volume="74" year="2004">Daly and den Hartog 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This is the first record for the coast of Mexico; found in the VRS (see Table 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4680D1320DE74631CB99981EEF4B1909" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="0495F37F821D1CA691DC5A8E9FD36AAF" pageId="8" pageNumber="85">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E030695EB41EA3B3D4D3E2FFA1E5410B" pageId="8" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Currently
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79EC8004F5F25D5081071D368FD8AAF7" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Isoaulactinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isoaulactinia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Isoaulactinia</taxonomicName>
|
||
has two valid species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A0A2BF98CCA305B0A924AC0E4A56289E" author="Daly, M" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="377 - 390" title="Anatomy and taxonomy of three species of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniidae) from the Gulf of California, including Isoaulactinia hespervolita n. sp." url="10.1353/psc.2004.0030" volume="58" year="2004">Daly 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="ACBF82498E43988DBD04E3CD33C2BEB0" author="Fautin, DG" journalOrPublisher="Texas University Press, College Station, Texas" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" title="Hexacorallians of the World." url="http://geoportal.kgs.ku.edu/hexacoral/anemone2/index.cfm" year="2013">Fautin 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9043B12DCBE3858ED7EA50D542068731" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Isoaulactinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isoaulactinia hespervolita" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hespervolita">Isoaulactinia hespervolita</taxonomicName>
|
||
Daly, 2004, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="307FC3FF6C8600B75AF887A96BDE4CD7" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Isoaulactinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isoaulactinia stelloides" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stelloides">Isoaulactinia stelloides</taxonomicName>
|
||
. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE7C60AA9DFA9BF948D43B3F368FFDFF" author="Daly, M" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="377 - 390" title="Anatomy and taxonomy of three species of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniidae) from the Gulf of California, including Isoaulactinia hespervolita n. sp." url="10.1353/psc.2004.0030" volume="58" year="2004">Daly (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="031E37A800B596CC1781D6B0691C0434" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Isoaulactinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isoaulactinia hespervolita" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hespervolita">Isoaulactinia hespervolita</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53F8FA39B39A90E1ED71173029E5CD4B" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Isoaulactinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isoaulactinia stelloides" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stelloides">Isoaulactinia stelloides</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having an unmarked oral disc and tentacles, spinose holotrichs in the column and being gonochoric rather than hermaphroditic. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="25D5876C24B88CE87EC2636B0BBE1314" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Isoaulactinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isoaulactinia hespervolita" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hespervolita">Isoaulactinia hespervolita</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a reddish-orange to greenish-brown column, oral disc and tentacles; approximately 80 tentacles arranged in up to five cycles, and macrobasic p-mastigophores only in the column and tentacles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B1F3ACF9CBF9706CFFB9DD20CF7FAE9A" author="Daly, M" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="377 - 390" title="Anatomy and taxonomy of three species of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniidae) from the Gulf of California, including Isoaulactinia hespervolita n. sp." url="10.1353/psc.2004.0030" volume="58" year="2004">Daly 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We found additional microbasic b-mastigophores in the actinopharynx of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62F418F634CB6DBFE16B6A27DEFD0401" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Isoaulactinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isoaulactinia stelloides" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stelloides">Isoaulactinia stelloides</taxonomicName>
|
||
but they were not abundant (Table 2). This category of nematocyst has not been previously reported in the actinopharynx of either of the species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7E825958FBB704F94D9931B6C68353EC" author="Belem, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Biociencias" pageId="15" pageNumber="92" pagination="77 - 88" title="On Isoaulactinia stelloides (McMurrich, 1889), n. gen., n. comb. (Cnidaria; Actiniaria; Actiniidae)." volume="4" year="1996">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D5FA9A27456BE3251E3B8F8EA9DBFA61" originalValue="Belém">Belem</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C0A6064EA4ED891696C54B0B31B67F7F" author="Daly, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Sciences" pageId="16" pageNumber="93" pagination="401 - 421" title="Taxonomy, circumscription, and usage in Anthopleura (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean." volume="74" year="2004">Daly and den Hartog 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |