395 lines
44 KiB
XML
395 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document id="806A90889262A15633892ACFBFBBE3B2" ID-CLB-Dataset="157781" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5192.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8e2cc009-d580-4904-a0b7-9ed7a9e3ab9e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7138639" ID-ZooBank="236A609B-8A6A-47D7-9BB9-E2FDCA5C37E5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1664794801684" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kuwahara, Gregory K. & Marshall, Stephen A." docDate="2022" docId="0F519B74FFB0AD56FF2C9130FDF6F822" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5192.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5192 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5192.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Howickia australis Kuwahara & Marshall 2022, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="108" masterDocId="F368E30CFFD9AD3DFFBB9376FFA9FFFB" masterDocTitle="A revision of the Australian species of Howickia Richards (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae: Limosininae)" masterLastPageNumber="152" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="106" updateTime="1699386905592" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="ADD709C15B841AE9739F5E0BCF19C433">A revision of the Australian species of Howickia Richards (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae: Limosininae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EC886D2FBAF79E3F8FFE4A0209CDE45F">Kuwahara, Gregory K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="11EBE49AEEC3355A1A795257B41D1943">Marshall, Stephen A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="79ADD93ABD6C7D06CBDA13803EECB6A9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E923194125C871AA74AACF8CF2728164">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="87D1B75FE23C3ABBE59B00EB4C446CE1">2022-10-03</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0F519B74FFB0AD56FF2C9130FDF6F822" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138774" ID-GBIF-Taxon="202134597" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7138774" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F519B74FFB0AD56FF2C9130FDF6F822" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F519B74FFB0AD56FF2C9130FDF6F822" lastPageId="107" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<paragraph id="87472A62FFB0AD54FF2C9130FDCDFD9A" blockId="105.[151,612,582,645]" box="[151,612,582,609]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<heading id="DC0F9D0EFFB0AD54FF2C9130FDCDFD9A" bold="true" box="[151,612,582,609]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB0AD54FF2C9130FDCDFD9A" bold="true" box="[151,612,582,609]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFB0AD54FF2C9130FE7FFD9B" ID-CoL="BD3KP" authority="(Papp)" authorityName="Kuwahara & Marshall" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Kuwahara & Marshall" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[151,470,582,609]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB0AD54FF2C9130FED3FD9A" bold="true" box="[151,378,582,609]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Howickia australis</emphasis>
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(Papp)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEBF4B0BFFB0AD54FE659131FDCDFD9A" box="[478,612,583,609]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CFE279E9FFB0AD54FF2C911DFEF1FD7E" box="[151,344,619,645]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="description">
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<paragraph id="87472A62FFB0AD54FF2C911DFEF1FD7E" blockId="105.[151,612,582,645]" box="[151,344,619,645]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1FC336E7FFB0AD54FF24911DFEF9FD7E" box="[159,336,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 30.1–30.5" captionStartId="106.[152,270,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,181,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-33@106.[156,1431,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="FIGURES 30.1–30.5. Howickia australis (Papp). 30.1, male habitus, lateral; 30.2, male head, anterolateral; 30.3, male S5–8, ventral; 30.4, male terminalia, lateral; 30.4a, left surstylus, posterior; 30.4b, left cercus, posterior; 30.5, aedeagus and associated structures, lateral. Scale bars indicate 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138829/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Figs. 30.1–30.8</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CFE279E9FFB0AD54FF2C91D9FB84FD3C" box="[151,1069,687,711]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="87472A62FFB0AD54FF2C91D9FB84FD3C" blockId="105.[151,1069,687,711]" box="[151,1069,687,711]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="A7E80D4CFFB0AD54FF2C91D9FB84FD3C" box="[151,1069,687,711]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<treatmentCitation id="06590C73FFB0AD54FF2C91D9FDCCFD3C" author="Papp, L." box="[151,613,687,711]" page="372" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" year="1979">
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<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFB0AD54FF2C91D9FDCCFD3C" ID-CoL="FYJ2" authority="Papp, 1979: 370 - 372" authorityName="Papp" authorityPageNumber="370 - 372" authorityYear="1979" box="[151,613,687,711]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Apterobiroina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
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<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB0AD54FF2C91D9FE2DFD3C" box="[151,388,687,711]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Apterobiroina australis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E3695793FFB0AD54FE3191C6FDCCFD3C" author="Papp, L." box="[394,613,687,711]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="357 - 374" refId="ref93797" refString="Papp, L. (1979) On apterous and reduced-winged forms of the families Drosophilidae, Ephydridae and Sphaeroceridae (Diptera). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 25 (1), 357 - 374." type="journal article" year="1979">Papp, 1979: 370–372</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="06590C73FFB0AD54FDCB91D9FCDFFD3C" author="Rohacek, J. & Marshall, S. A. & Norrbom, A. L. & Buck, M. & Quiros, D. I. & Smith, I." box="[624,886,687,711]" page="117" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" year="2001">
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<bibRefCitation id="E3695793FFB0AD54FDCB91D9FCDFFD3C" author="Rohacek, J. & Marshall, S. A. & Norrbom, A. L. & Buck, M. & Quiros, D. I. & Smith, I." box="[624,886,687,711]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref94357" refString="Rohacek, J., Marshall, S. A., Norrbom, A. L., Buck, M., Quiros, D. I. & Smith, I. (2001) World Catalog of Sphaeroceridae. Slezske zemske Museum, Opava, 415 pp." type="book" year="2001">
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Roháček
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<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB0AD54FD7491C6FCABFD3C" box="[719,770,687,711]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2001: 117
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="06590C73FFB0AD54FC3B91C6FB80FD3C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4945759" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4945759" author="Papp, L." box="[896,1065,687,711]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C04982023B2FFF8FFE47FD74FE3698FA" page="105" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" year="2021">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="E3695793FFB0AD54FC3B91C6FB80FD3C" author="Papp, L." box="[896,1065,687,711]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="101 - 117" refId="ref93990" refString="Papp, L. (2021) New species of Apterobiroina L. Papp and Bentrovata Richards (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae) from Australia. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 67 (2), 101 - 117. https: // doi. org / 10.17109 / AZH. 67.2.101.2021" type="journal article" year="2021">Papp, 2021: 105</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="CFE279E9FFB0AD54FF2C9183FE4BF82C" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="87472A62FFB0AD54FF2C9183FC3AFCEB" blockId="105.[151,1437,757,2007]" box="[151,915,757,784]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB0AD54FF2C9183FE80FCF4" bold="true" box="[151,297,757,783]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Description.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB0AD54FE8B9183FE69FCF4" box="[304,448,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Body length:</emphasis>
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Males
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<quantity id="40008787FFB0AD54FDA99183FD32FCEB" box="[530,667,757,784]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.2 mm</quantity>
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, females 2.0–
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<quantity id="40008787FFB0AD54FC8D9183FC26FCEB" box="[822,911,757,784]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="87472A62FFB0AD54FF7C906FFDD9FC38" blockId="105.[151,1437,757,2007]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB0AD54FF7C906FFEA4FCC8" box="[199,269,793,819]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Head:</emphasis>
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Yellow-orange and shiny except strips between orbital plate and interfrontal stripe darker orange and rugose; gena pale yellow; antenna yellow. Frontal width 1.5x interfrontal height, frontal vitta broad. Three pairs of small, fine interfrontal setae; 1 lateroclinate orbital seta. Gena with strong but fine upcurved bristle and 2–3 smaller setae, finely rugose, shiny, lower half microtrichose; vibrissal angle with 1 smaller seta. Palpus clavate with 2 large apical setae. Eye height 3.0x genal height.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="87472A62FFB0AD54FF7C90BBFCC7FBA8" blockId="105.[151,1437,757,2007]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB0AD54FF7C90BBFE88FC1C" box="[199,289,973,999]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Thorax:</emphasis>
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Dark reddish-brown; scutum shiny despite fine brown microtrichia, posterolateral edges reddish. One pair of dorsocentral bristles; 6–7 rows long, fine of acrostichal setulae. Prosternum broad, anteriorly truncate. Scutellum shiny but heavily microtrichose, reddish, rectangular, its length 0.3x its width; 4 scutellar bristles long and all along posterior edge, basal pair 1.2x length of apical pair.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="87472A62FFB0AD54FF7C9728FC32FB44" blockId="105.[151,1437,757,2007]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB0AD54FF7C9728FEAFFB8C" box="[199,262,1118,1143]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Legs:</emphasis>
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Dark brown, femora distally and tibiae both proximally and distally yellow; tarsi yellow. Male mid tibia with a stout apicoventral bristle. Basal half of mid tibia with 2 dorsal bristles (1 anterodorsal and 1 posterodorsal), distal half with 2 dorsal bristles (1 anterodorsal and 1 posterodorsal).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="87472A62FFB0AD54FF7C97BFFC9EFB18" blockId="105.[151,1437,757,2007]" box="[199,823,1225,1252]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB0AD54FF7C97BFFEFCFB18" box="[199,341,1225,1251]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Wing/halter:</emphasis>
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Halter present, small, entirely dark brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="87472A62FFB0AD54FF7C979BFEE5F968" blockId="105.[151,1437,757,2007]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB0AD54FF7C979BFEC7FAFC" box="[199,366,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Male abdomen</emphasis>
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: Black, heavily sclerotized, shiny, postabdomen reddish-brown. T2–5 and S2–4 uniformly longsetose along entire surface with large posterolateral setae. S5 broad but short (width 5.0x length), asymmetrical (right side 1.5x longer than left), sparsely setose with a posteromedial desclerotized lobe bearing 6 large anterior setae, 3 short medial setae and a posterior row of 12 short, flat teeth. Epandrium large, flattened, angled posteroventrally and uniformly long-setose; cercus enlarged, rectangular with 3 enlarged inner setae (ventral one largest) and a lateral patch of fine setae. Hypandrium gently sinuate medially; ventral lobe small, triangular; posterodorsal lobe elongate. Surstylus bilobed: anterior lobe rectangular with a few ventrolateral setae; posterior lobe constricted basally, apically expanded into a rectangle with many stout ventrolateral setae and 2 very large inner thorn-like setae. Postgonite broad, subtriangular, proximally with a pair of anterior setulae, apex gently tapered to a point. Phallapodeme elongate, gently curved with a large dorsal fin along anterior half; basiphallus elongate, arms slightly broadened and rounded. Distiphallus simple, sinuate, sharply constricted at midlength when angled downwards, apex bifurcated.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="87472A62FFB0AD54FF7C95EBFE4BF82C" blockId="105.[151,1437,757,2007]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB0AD54FF7C95EBFE3BF94C" box="[199,402,1693,1719]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Female abdomen:</emphasis>
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Black, heavily sclerotized, shiny. T2–5 and S2–5 uniformly long-setose along entire surface with large posterolateral setae. Preabdomen subequal in length to head + thorax. Postabdomen short, stout, 2.1x length of T5. T6 and T7 reduced to small, L-shaped plates, each bearing 3 apical setae. Epiproct rectangular with all corners emarginated and bearing a dorsomedial pair of setae. Cercus elongate, triangular with 2 long sinuate setae (1 apical and 1 dorsal) and several smaller setulae. S6 and S7 reduced to “hollow” bell-shaped plates, anteriorly bare and shining, posteriorly microtrichose with rows of 6–8 setae. S8 a broad microtrichose plate with a very deep anteromedial emargination and bearing a preapical pair of setae. Hypoproct semicircular, microtrichose with a posterior row of setae. Spermathecae elongate, egg-shaped, and strongly grooved; stem short (0.5–0.6x length of spermatheca) and cylindrical.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="D3877AEAFFB3AD57FF2394E1FDC2F80C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138829" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7138829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138829/files/figure.png" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" startId="106.[152,270,1943,1967]" targetBox="[156,1431,181,1911]" targetPageId="106">
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||
<paragraph id="87472A62FFB3AD57FF2394E1FDC2F80C" blockId="106.[151,1436,1943,2040]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
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||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB3AD57FF2394E1FE29F854" bold="true" box="[152,384,1943,1967]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">FIGURES 30.1–30.5.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFB3AD57FE3C94EEFD3CF84B" authority="(Papp)" authorityName="Kuwahara & Marshall" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Kuwahara & Marshall" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[391,661,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
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||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB3AD57FE3C94EEFDE1F84B" box="[391,584,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Howickia australis</emphasis>
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(Papp)
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 30.1, male habitus, lateral; 30.2, male head, anterolateral; 30.3, male S5–8, ventral; 30.4, male terminalia, lateral; 30.4a, left surstylus, posterior; 30.4b, left cercus, posterior; 30.5, aedeagus and associated structures, lateral. Scale bars indicate 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="D3877AEAFFB2AD56FF2397BAFCE0FAF3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138833" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7138833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138833/files/figure.png" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" startId="107.[152,270,1228,1252]" targetBox="[158,1428,190,1193]" targetPageId="107">
|
||
<paragraph id="87472A62FFB2AD56FF2397BAFCE0FAF3" blockId="107.[151,1436,1228,1288]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB2AD56FF2397BAFE2DFB1F" bold="true" box="[152,388,1228,1252]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">FIGURES 30.6–30.8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFB2AD56FE2B97BAFD0FFB1F" authority="(Papp)" authorityName="Kuwahara & Marshall" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Kuwahara & Marshall" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[400,678,1228,1252]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB2AD56FE2B97BAFDFCFB1F" box="[400,597,1228,1252]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Howickia australis</emphasis>
|
||
(Papp)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 30.6, female terminalia, dorsal; 30.7, female terminalia, ventral; 30.8, spermathecae. Female cerci were excluded from ventral illustration.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CFE279E9FFB2AD56FF7C9640FF5DF9D3" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="87472A62FFB2AD56FF7C9640FCC7FA8F" blockId="107.[151,1437,1334,2009]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB2AD56FF7C9640FED2FAAB" bold="true" box="[199,379,1334,1360]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Type material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3790203FFFB2AD56FE329640FF53FA8F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3920718690" collectingDate="1972-08-10" collectionCode="MHNG" collectorName="P. Zwick" country="Australia" location="Mirimbah" municipality="Mount Buller" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Victoria" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="584394C0FFB2AD56FE329640FE5FFAAB" box="[393,502,1334,1360]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FFEF6AF2FFB2AD56FDBF9640FD0EFAAB" box="[516,679,1334,1360]" name="Australia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB2AD56FD039640FC8AFAAB" bold="true" box="[696,803,1334,1360]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="453CE480FFB2AD56FD039640FCB4FAAB" box="[696,797,1334,1360]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6723B018FFB2AD56FC8B9641FC79FAAB" box="[816,976,1334,1361]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Mount Buller</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="82277CB9FFB2AD56FC5A9640FBFDFAAB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F519B74FFB0AD56FF2C9130FDF6F822:82277CB9FFB2AD56FC5A9640FBFDFAAB" box="[993,1108,1334,1360]" country="Australia" municipality="Mount Buller" name="Mirimbah" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" stateProvince="Victoria">Mirimbah</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="F3460CA2FFB2AD56FBDE9640FB46FAAB" box="[1125,1263,1334,1360]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" value="1972-08-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="E302F54AFFB2AD56FBDE9640FB46FAAB" box="[1125,1263,1334,1360]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" value="1972-08-10">10.viii.1972</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="2A0D4FB4FFB2AD56FABA9641FAC3FAAB" box="[1281,1386,1334,1361]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">P. Zwick</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="91FEE1EBFFB2AD56FA3B9640FA3EFAAB" box="[1408,1431,1334,1360]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="E1E9B2A7FFB2AD56FF2C962CFF5BFA8F" box="[151,242,1370,1396]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3790203FFFB2AD56FEBF962CFCC3FA8F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3920718363" box="[260,874,1370,1396]" collectionCode="MHNG" country="Australia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Victoria" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="584394C0FFB2AD56FEBF962CFEC5FA8F" box="[260,364,1370,1396]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
photos provided by Bernard Landry,
|
||
<collectionCode id="E1E9B2A7FFB2AD56FCAA962CFCC3FA8F" box="[785,874,1370,1396]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="87472A62FFB2AD56FF7C9609FAFEFA46" blockId="107.[151,1437,1334,2009]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3790203FFFB2AD56FF7C9609FBA4FA47" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3920718531" collectingDate="1972-07-04" collectionCode="MHNG" collectorName="P. Zwick & All" country="Australia" county="Warburton" location="Cement Creek" municipality="Mount Donna Buang" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Victoria" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="584394C0FFB2AD56FF7C9609FE91FA62" box="[199,312,1407,1433]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FFEF6AF2FFB2AD56FEFB9608FE4AFA63" box="[320,483,1406,1432]" name="Australia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB2AD56FE569608FDFEFA63" bold="true" box="[493,599,1406,1432]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="453CE480FFB2AD56FE569608FDFBFA63" box="[493,594,1406,1432]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
near
|
||
<collectingCounty id="6E2652EEFFB2AD56FD289608FCA4FA63" box="[659,781,1406,1432]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Warburton</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6723B018FFB2AD56FCAC9609FBACFA62" box="[791,1029,1407,1433]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Mount Donna Buang</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="82277CB9FFB2AD56FBB49608FB1BFA63" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F519B74FFB0AD56FF2C9130FDF6F822:82277CB9FFB2AD56FBB49608FB1BFA63" box="[1039,1202,1406,1432]" country="Australia" county="Warburton" municipality="Mount Donna Buang" name="Cement Creek" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" stateProvince="Victoria">Cement Creek</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="F3460CA2FFB2AD56FB079608FA99FA63" box="[1212,1328,1406,1432]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" value="1972-07-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="E302F54AFFB2AD56FB079608FA99FA63" box="[1212,1328,1406,1432]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" value="1972-07-04">4.vii.1972</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="2A0D4FB4FFB2AD56FA809609FA34FA63" box="[1339,1437,1406,1433]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">P. Zwick</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="91FEE1EBFFB2AD56FF1B96D4FF64FA46" box="[160,205,1442,1469]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="91FEE1EBFFB2AD56FF6296D4FEABFA47" box="[217,258,1442,1468]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
); same data as holotype (
|
||
<specimenCount id="91FEE1EBFFB2AD56FD9A96D4FDE4FA47" box="[545,589,1442,1468]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectorName id="2A0D4FB4FFB2AD56FDDA96D4FD2CFA47" box="[609,645,1442,1468]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">All</collectorName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="584394C0FFB2AD56FD3796D5FD5EFA46" box="[652,759,1443,1469]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode id="E1E9B2A7FFB2AD56FC0C96D4FBA4FA47" box="[951,1037,1442,1468]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3790203FFFB2AD56FBA896D5FAFBFA46" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3920718503" box="[1043,1362,1442,1469]" collectionCode="HNHM" country="Australia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Victoria" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
except
|
||
<specimenCount id="91FEE1EBFFB2AD56FBD896D5FB7CFA47" box="[1123,1237,1442,1469]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="E1E9B2A7FFB2AD56FB4296D5FAFBFA46" box="[1273,1362,1443,1469]" country="Hungary" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" name="Hungarian Natural History Museum (Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum)" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">HNHM</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="87472A62FFB2AD56FF7C96B0FF5DF9D3" blockId="107.[151,1437,1334,2009]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB2AD56FF7C96B0FE1FFA1B" bold="true" box="[199,438,1478,1504]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3790203FFFB2AD56FE7A96B0FF59F9D3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3920718565" collectingDate="1978-04-28" collectingDateMax="1978-05-07" collectingDateMin="1978-04-28" collectionCode="DEBU" collectorName="S. Peck" country="Australia" county="Acheron Gap" elevation="750" location="Cement Creek" municipality="Warburton" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" specimenCount="12" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="7" stateProvince="Victoria">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FFEF6AF2FFB2AD56FE7A96B0FDCDFA1B" box="[449,612,1478,1504]" name="Australia" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB2AD56FDCF96B0FD77FA1B" bold="true" box="[628,734,1478,1504]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="453CE480FFB2AD56FDCF96B0FD70FA1B" box="[628,729,1478,1504]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="6E2652EEFFB2AD56FD5096B0FC21FA1B" box="[747,904,1478,1504]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Acheron Gap</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="96F53340FFB2AD56FC2196B0FB37FA1B" box="[922,1182,1478,1505]" location="Warburton" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<quantity id="40008787FFB2AD56FC2196B0FC4FFA1B" box="[922,998,1478,1504]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" unit="km" value="16.0">16 km</quantity>
|
||
NE Warburton
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="40008787FFB2AD56FB1596B0FB54FA1A" box="[1198,1277,1478,1505]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" unit="m" value="750.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0CD5CD51FFB2AD56FB1596B0FB54FA1A" box="[1198,1277,1478,1505]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" unit="m" value="750.0">750 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMethod id="5EB95275FFB2AD56FAB596B0FA31FA1A" box="[1294,1432,1478,1505]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">carrion trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="F3460CA2FFB2AD56FF2C969CFEE8F9FF" box="[151,321,1514,1540]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" value="1978-04-28" valueMax="1978-05-07" valueMin="1978-04-28">
|
||
<collectingDate id="E302F54AFFB2AD56FF2C969CFEE8F9FF" box="[151,321,1514,1540]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" value="1978-04-28" valueMax="1978-05-07" valueMin="1978-04-28">28.iv–7.v.1978</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="2A0D4FB4FFB2AD56FEF6969CFE08F9FF" box="[333,417,1514,1540]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">S. Peck</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="91FEE1EBFFB2AD56FE09969CFE76F9FE" box="[434,479,1514,1541]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="male">5 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="91FEE1EBFFB2AD56FE57969CFDBEF9FE" box="[492,535,1514,1541]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="female">4 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="E1E9B2A7FFB2AD56FD9E969CFDDFF9FF" box="[549,630,1514,1540]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/yhs7-n61d" name="Ontario Insect Collection, University of Guelph" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">DEBU</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6723B018FFB2AD56FD31969CFCADF9FF" box="[650,772,1514,1540]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Warburton</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="82277CB9FFB2AD56FCB4969CFC1DF9FF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F519B74FFB0AD56FF2C9130FDF6F822:82277CB9FFB2AD56FCB4969CFC1DF9FF" box="[783,948,1514,1540]" country="Australia" county="Acheron Gap" municipality="Warburton" name="Cement Creek" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" stateProvince="Victoria">Cement Creek</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="40008787FFB2AD56FC7B969CFBA0F9FE" box="[960,1033,1514,1541]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" unit="m" value="200.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0CD5CD51FFB2AD56FC7B969CFBA0F9FE" box="[960,1033,1514,1541]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="F3460CA2FFB2AD56FBAD969CFB16F9FF" box="[1046,1215,1514,1540]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" value="1978-04-28" valueMax="1978-05-07" valueMin="1978-04-28">
|
||
<collectingDate id="E302F54AFFB2AD56FBAD969CFB16F9FF" box="[1046,1215,1514,1540]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" value="1978-04-28" valueMax="1978-05-07" valueMin="1978-04-28">28.iv–7.v.1978</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="2A0D4FB4FFB2AD56FB70969CFA89F9FF" box="[1227,1312,1514,1540]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">S. Peck</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="91FEE1EBFFB2AD56FA8B969CFAF7F9FE" box="[1328,1374,1514,1541]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="91FEE1EBFFB2AD56FAD1969CFA3CF9FE" box="[1386,1429,1514,1541]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="E1E9B2A7FFB2AD56FF2C9578FF41F9D3" box="[151,232,1550,1576]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/yhs7-n61d" name="Ontario Insect Collection, University of Guelph" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">DEBU</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CFE279E9FFB2AD56FF7C9544FDF6F822" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="87472A62FFB2AD56FF7C9544FDF6F822" blockId="107.[151,1437,1334,2009]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB2AD56FF7C9544FEE6F9B7" bold="true" box="[199,335,1586,1612]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFB2AD56FEEF9544FE58F9B7" authorityName="Papp" authorityYear="1979" box="[340,497,1586,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Apterobiroina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB2AD56FEEF9544FE58F9B7" box="[340,497,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Apterobiroina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was erected as a genus by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E3695793FFB2AD56FCB49545FC3EF9B7" author="Papp, L." box="[783,919,1586,1613]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="357 - 374" refId="ref93797" refString="Papp, L. (1979) On apterous and reduced-winged forms of the families Drosophilidae, Ephydridae and Sphaeroceridae (Diptera). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 25 (1), 357 - 374." type="journal article" year="1979">Papp (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and described as generally similar to “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFB2AD56FA809545FA39F9B7" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1973" box="[1339,1424,1587,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Biroina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB2AD56FA809545FA39F9B7" box="[1339,1424,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Biroina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFB2AD56FF0B9520FEB2F98B" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1951" box="[176,283,1622,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB2AD56FF0B9520FEB2F98B" box="[176,283,1622,1648]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Howickia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), from which it was distinguished by the presence of two orbital setae, small ocelli, and an absence of frontal stripes. Papp described this genus as probably “a derivative of the hypothetical common ancestor of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFB2AD56FAF3950DFF52F943" authority="Richards" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1973" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Biroina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB2AD56FAF3950DFA34F96F" box="[1352,1437,1659,1684]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Biroina</emphasis>
|
||
Richards
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFB2AD56FE8B95E8FE64F943" authority="Kuwahara & Marshall, 2022" authorityName="Kuwahara & Marshall" authorityYear="2022" box="[304,461,1694,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Apterobiroina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB2AD56FE8B95E8FE64F943" box="[304,461,1694,1720]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Apterobiroina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AEBF4B0BFFB2AD56FE6995E9FDB6F943" box="[466,543,1694,1721]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
”. In other words, he believed this genus to be the sister group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFB2AD56FB5695E8FAF1F943" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1951" box="[1261,1368,1694,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB2AD56FB5695E8FAF1F943" box="[1261,1368,1694,1720]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Howickia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from which it could be distinguished by the shape of the prosternum (wide in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFB2AD56FC0B95B4FBE4F927" authorityName="Kuwahara & Marshall" authorityYear="2022" box="[944,1101,1730,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Apterobiroina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB2AD56FC0B95B4FBE4F927" box="[944,1101,1730,1756]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Apterobiroina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and more linear in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFB2AD56FA9A95B4FA25F927" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1951" box="[1313,1420,1730,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB2AD56FA9A95B4FA25F927" box="[1313,1420,1730,1756]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Howickia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). However, all features that Papp considered as differentiating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFB2AD56FCEF9590FC58F8FB" authorityName="Kuwahara & Marshall" authorityYear="2022" box="[852,1009,1766,1792]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Apterobiroina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB2AD56FCEF9590FC58F8FB" box="[852,1009,1766,1792]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Apterobiroina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFB2AD56FB829590FB0DF8FB" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1951" box="[1081,1188,1766,1792]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB2AD56FB829590FB0DF8FB" box="[1081,1188,1766,1792]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Howickia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are common features of wingless
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFB2AD56FE9F947CFE26F8DF" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1951" box="[292,399,1802,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB2AD56FE9F947CFE26F8DF" box="[292,399,1802,1828]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Howickia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E3695793FFB2AD56FE1A947CFD34F8DF" author="Marshall, S. A. & Luk, S. P. L. & Dong, H." box="[417,669,1802,1828]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref93565" refString="Marshall, S. A., Luk, S. P. L. & Dong, H. (2014) A revision of the New Zealand species of Howickia Richards. Zootaxa, 3887 (1), 1 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3887.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Marshall
|
||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB2AD56FDB5947DFDE0F8DF" box="[526,585,1802,1828]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested the synonymy of this genus with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFB2AD56FB18947CFAA7F8DF" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1951" box="[1187,1294,1802,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB2AD56FB18947CFAA7F8DF" box="[1187,1294,1802,1828]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Howickia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but delayed formally synonymizing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFB2AD56FE139458FDECF8B3" authorityName="Kuwahara & Marshall" authorityYear="2022" box="[424,581,1838,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Apterobiroina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB2AD56FE139458FDECF8B3" box="[424,581,1838,1864]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Apterobiroina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFB2AD56FD2C9458FCABF8B3" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1951" box="[663,770,1838,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB2AD56FD2C9458FCABF8B3" box="[663,770,1838,1864]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Howickia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pending a revision of the Australian species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFB2AD56FA919458FA3CF8B3" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1951" box="[1322,1429,1838,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB2AD56FA919458FA3CF8B3" box="[1322,1429,1838,1864]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Howickia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Examination of the male terminalia of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="584394C0FFB2AD56FDDC9425FD3EF896" box="[615,663,1875,1901]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFB2AD56FD469424FBA8F897" authorityName="Papp" authorityYear="1979" box="[765,1025,1874,1900]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Apterobiroina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB2AD56FD469424FBA8F897" box="[765,1025,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Apterobiroina australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) shows a tab-like posteromedial lobe on S5, homologous with similar lobes on other species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFB2AD56FCEA9401FC11F86B" authorityName="Kuwahara & Marshall" authorityYear="2022" box="[849,952,1911,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irwini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB2AD56FCEA9401FC11F86B" box="[849,952,1911,1936]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">H. irwini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group, and a tripartite hypandrium like that of all
|
||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB2AD56FE8694ECFD14F84F" box="[317,701,1946,1972]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFB2AD56FE8694ECFE05F84F" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1951" box="[317,428,1946,1972]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Howickia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFB2AD56FE0C94ECFD14F84F" authorityName="Papp" authorityYear="1979" box="[439,701,1946,1972]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Apterobiroina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">Apterobiroina australis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is thus confirmed as a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFB2AD56FB8094ECFB0FF84F" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1951" box="[1083,1190,1946,1972]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB2AD56FB8094ECFB0FF84F" box="[1083,1190,1946,1972]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Howickia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFB2AD56FB5E94ECFA2BF84F" authorityName="Kuwahara & Marshall" authorityYear="2022" box="[1253,1410,1946,1972]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Apterobiroina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB2AD56FB5E94ECFA2BF84F" box="[1253,1410,1946,1972]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Apterobiroina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is therefore a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40F851E1FFB2AD56FE5694C8FDF1F823" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1951" box="[493,600,1982,2008]" class="Insecta" family="Sphaeroceridae" genus="Howickia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B58CF670FFB2AD56FE5694C8FDF1F823" box="[493,600,1982,2008]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Howickia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |