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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799" ID-GBIF-Dataset="175ade4f-e320-4f41-ab85-7811f4147be4" ID-PMC="PMC6323114" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-114-123" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CB70FFE82A46DE6DFFEBFFF8F43A6230" ID-PubMed="30627045" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2533527" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2003-114-123" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys " ModsDocTitle="Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi" checkinTime="1553125316505" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Peterson, Paul M., Vega, Isidoro Sanchez, Romaschenko, Konstantin, Giraldo-Canas, Diego &amp; Rodriguez, Nancy F. Refulio" docDate="2018" docId="F1B250B07F5ABA0E7A513E84BDFEFFFE" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 114: 123-206" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 114" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799" docTitle="Muhlenbergia beyrichiana Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 200. 1833" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="CB70FFE82A46DE6DFFEBFFF8F43A6230" lastPageNumber="135" masterDocId="CB70FFE82A46DE6DFFEBFFF8F43A6230" masterDocTitle="Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M. romaschenkoi" masterLastPageNumber="206" masterPageNumber="123" pageNumber="134" updateTime="1668139139961" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M. romaschenkoi</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Peterson, Paul M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Vega, Isidoro Sanchez</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Romaschenko, Konstantin</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Giraldo-Canas, Diego</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rodriguez, Nancy F. Refulio</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>114</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>123</mods:start>
<mods:end>206</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-114-123</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">CB70FFE82A46DE6DFFEBFFF8F43A6230</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">2533527</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154472444" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F1B250B07F5ABA0E7A513E84BDFEFFFE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F1B250B07F5ABA0E7A513E84BDFEFFFE" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="134" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="134">
1.
<taxonomicName LSID="F1B250B0-7F5A-BA0E-7A51-3E84BDFEFFFE" authority="Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 200. 1833." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia beyrichiana" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="beyrichiana">Muhlenbergia beyrichiana Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 200. 1833.</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 2. A-E Muhlenbergia beyrichiana Kunth A habit B ligule with auricles C glumes D floret E stamens and pistil F-H Muhlenbergia maxima Laegaard &amp; Sanchez Vega F habit G end of panicle branch H floret. A-E drawn from A. S. Hitchcock 20635 (US) F-H drawings from Laegaard &amp; Sanchez Vega (1990) drawn from the holotype collection Sanchez Vega &amp; Ruiz Vigo 3561." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/254043" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">Fig. 2A-F</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="134" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="134">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hitchc" authorityYear="1927" baseAuthorityName="Kunth" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Pereilema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pereilema beyrichianum" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="beyrichianum">Pereilema beyrichianum</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Hitchc., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24(8): 385. 1927. Type: Brazil, Province de Saint-Paul, Voyage
<normalizedToken originalValue="dAuguste">d'Auguste</normalizedToken>
de Saint-Hilaire de 1816 a 1821,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">Saint-Hilare Cat. B #1028</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated here: P-00751689!; isolectotype: US-1645654! ex P).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="134" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="134">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="134">
Caespitose
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">annuals. Culms</emphasis>
30-80 cm tall, slender, terete, glabrous, often branching from the aereal nodes below, usually with stilt-roots from lower nodes.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">Leaf sheaths</emphasis>
usually shorter than the internodes, furrowed, scabrous;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">ligules</emphasis>
0.5-0.7 mm long, membranous;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">auricles</emphasis>
1-2 mm long, ciliate, sometimes cauducous at maturity, the cilia about 1 mm long;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">blades</emphasis>
8-20 cm long, 3-6 (-8) mm wide, flat, scabrous, apex attenuate.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">Panicles</emphasis>
5-16 (-20) cm long, 1-2.5 cm wide, contracted, spike-like, interrupted, the branches widely spaced along the rachis;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">primary branches</emphasis>
1-3 cm long, appressed, ascending or divergent and spreading.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">Spikelets</emphasis>
in dense clusters of 2-4 subtended by 10-15 bristles, the bristles 1-5 mm long;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">glumes</emphasis>
0.7-1 mm long, ovate, membranous, 1-veined, apex awned, bidentate, the awns 3.5-5 mm long;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">lemmas</emphasis>
(1.2-) 2-2.2 mm long, lanceolate, 3-veined, cartilaginous, scaberulous, awned, the awns 10-16 (-20) mm long, straight;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">callus</emphasis>
short, the hairs 0.2-0.4 mm long;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">paleas</emphasis>
as long as the lemmas, 2-veined, these often extending into mucros 0.1-0.3 mm long;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">stamens</emphasis>
3,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">anthers</emphasis>
0.7-1 mm long, purplish.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">Caryopses</emphasis>
1-1.3 mm long, ellipsoid.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="2533667" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/254043" pageId="11" pageNumber="134" start="Figure 2" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">A-E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia beyrichiana" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="beyrichiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">Muhlenbergia beyrichiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kunth
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">A</emphasis>
habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">B</emphasis>
ligule with auricles
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">C</emphasis>
glumes
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">D</emphasis>
floret
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">E</emphasis>
stamens and pistil
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">F-H</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia maxima" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">Muhlenbergia maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lægaard">Laegaard</normalizedToken>
&amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
Vega
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">F</emphasis>
habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">G</emphasis>
end of panicle branch
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">H</emphasis>
floret.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">A-E</emphasis>
drawn from
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">A.S. Hitchcock 20635</emphasis>
(US)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">F-H</emphasis>
drawings from
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1990.tb01786.x" author="Laegaard, S" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" pagination="437 - 441" refId="B18" refString="Laegaard, S, Sanchez Vega, I, 1990. Three new species of Muhlenbergia and Uniola (Poaceae) from northern Peru. Nordic Journal of Botany 10 (4): 437 - 441, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1990.tb01786.x" title="Three new species of Muhlenbergia and Uniola (Poaceae) from northern Peru." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1990.tb01786.x" volume="10" year="1990">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lægaard">Laegaard</normalizedToken>
&amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
Vega (1990)
</bibRefCitation>
drawn from the holotype collection
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
Vega &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ruíz">Ruiz</normalizedToken>
Vigo 3561
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="134" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="134">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="134">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia beyrichiana" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="beyrichiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">Muhlenbergia beyrichiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known to occur in Brazil, Ecuador and Peru. Earlier, it was reported in Mexico and Central America but these are probably an error for
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia diandra" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diandra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">Muhlenbergia diandra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(R.W. Pohl) Columbus, a more recently described species that superficially resembles
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. beyrichiana" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="134" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="beyrichiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">M. beyrichiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Espejo Serna et al. 2000;
<bibRefCitation author="Laegaard, S" journalOrPublisher="Contributions from the United States National Herbarium" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" refId="B17" refString="Laegaard, S, Peterson, PM, 2001. 214(2). Gramineae (part 2) Subfam. Chloridoideae. In: Harling G, Andersson L (Eds) Botanical Institute, University of Goeteborg, Goeteborg, 1-131." title="214 (2). Gramineae (part 2) Subfam. Chloridoideae. In: Harling G, Andersson L (Eds) Botanical Institute, University of Goeteborg, Goeteborg, 1 - 131." year="2001">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lægaard">Laegaard</normalizedToken>
and Peterson 2001
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="Contributions from the United States National Herbarium" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" pagination="1 - 255" refId="B34" refString="Peterson, PM, Soreng, RJ, Davidse, G, Filgueiras, TS, Zuloaga, FO, Judziewicz, EJ, 2001. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): II. subfamily Chloridoideae. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 41: 1 - 255" title="Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): II. subfamily Chloridoideae." volume="41" year="2001">Peterson et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="134" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="134">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="134">
This species occurs in xerophilic savannahs with
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Cactaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Cactales" pageId="11" pageNumber="134" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Cactaceae</taxonomicName>
, roadsides and along moist ravines; 150-2000 m (
<bibRefCitation author="Laegaard, S" journalOrPublisher="Contributions from the United States National Herbarium" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" refId="B17" refString="Laegaard, S, Peterson, PM, 2001. 214(2). Gramineae (part 2) Subfam. Chloridoideae. In: Harling G, Andersson L (Eds) Botanical Institute, University of Goeteborg, Goeteborg, 1-131." title="214 (2). Gramineae (part 2) Subfam. Chloridoideae. In: Harling G, Andersson L (Eds) Botanical Institute, University of Goeteborg, Goeteborg, 1 - 131." year="2001">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lægaard">Laegaard</normalizedToken>
and Peterson 2001
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="11" pageNumber="134" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="134">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="134">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia beyrichiana" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="beyrichiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">Muhlenbergia beyrichiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. pereilema" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="134" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="pereilema">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">M. pereilema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
P.M. Peterson, which does not occur in Peru, but can be separated from the latter in having interrupted
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">panicles</emphasis>
with divergent primary branches (versus uninterruped
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">panicles</emphasis>
with tightly appressed primary branches in
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. pereilema" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="134" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="pereilema">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="134">M. pereilema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), straight lemma awns (versus flexuous or wavy), wide leaf blades 3-6 (-8) mm (versus 2-3 mm) and ciliate auricles (versus not ciliate) [
<bibRefCitation author="Laegaard, S" journalOrPublisher="Contributions from the United States National Herbarium" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" refId="B17" refString="Laegaard, S, Peterson, PM, 2001. 214(2). Gramineae (part 2) Subfam. Chloridoideae. In: Harling G, Andersson L (Eds) Botanical Institute, University of Goeteborg, Goeteborg, 1-131." title="214 (2). Gramineae (part 2) Subfam. Chloridoideae. In: Harling G, Andersson L (Eds) Botanical Institute, University of Goeteborg, Goeteborg, 1 - 131." year="2001">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lægaard">Laegaard</normalizedToken>
and Peterson 2001
</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="135">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia beyrichiana" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="beyrichiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="135">
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="135" start="start">Muhlenbergia</pageBreakToken>
beyrichiana
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is in a clade with
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. pereilema" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="135" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="pereilema">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="135">M. pereilema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. plumiseta" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="135" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="plumiseta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="135">M. plumiseta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and is sister to
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. flexuosa" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="135" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="135">M. flexuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hitchc. in
<taxonomicName authority="subg. Muhlenbergia" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" infraspecific-rank="subg." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M." order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="135" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">M. subg. Muhlenbergia</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A, B Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from combined plastid (ndhA intron, rps 16 - trnK, rps 16 intron, rps 3, and rpl 32 - trnL) and ITS sequences. Thick branches indicate posterior probabilities of 0.95 - 1; species in red occur in South America; scale bar = 2 %." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/254042" pageId="12" pageNumber="135">1B</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="59" pageNumber="182" pagination="1532 - 1554" refId="B38" refString="Peterson, PM, Romaschenko, K, Johnson, G, 2010b. A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. American Journal of Botany 97 (9): 1532 - 1554, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" title="A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences." url="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" volume="97" year="2010 b">Peterson et al. 2010b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="135" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="135">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="135">
Peru.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="135">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Junín">Junin</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Huancayo, abajo de Pariahuanca, 2000 m, 5 May 1979, Tovar 7880 (US, USM), Tovar 7901 (USM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>