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<mods:title id="383B5877EE8C448FB09EA4CCDD91ED6E">Revisions to the faunas of Andrena of the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco with the descriptions of four new species (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="EFF70E57EDC6BCBA826595A899B2EA2D">Laboratory of Zoology, University of Mons, Avenue du Champs de Mars 6, 7000 Mons, Belgium.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="713582CC5EB2329CD9D798258B0AD6C3">University of Neuchâtel, Institute of Biology, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="31996575FFADFFD4FDBAFC5EFC7CFC5A" box="[605,983,954,981]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="793C36FEFFADFFD4FDBAFC5EFC7CFC5A" blockId="4.[605,983,954,981]" box="[605,983,954,981]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">
<heading id="22748192FFADFFD4FDBAFC5EFC7CFC5A" box="[605,983,954,981]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" reason="2">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FD48FC5FFC7CFC5A" ID-CoL="62BS5" authority="Fabricius, 1775" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[687,983,954,981]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FD48FC5FFCB2FC5A" bold="true" box="[687,793,954,981]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">Andrena</emphasis>
Fabricius, 1775
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<paragraph id="793C36FEFFADFFD4FF5AFC1BFE07FB97" blockId="4.[189,428,1022,1048]" box="[189,428,1022,1048]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">
<heading id="22748192FFADFFD4FF5AFC1BFE07FB97" bold="true" box="[189,428,1022,1048]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" reason="3">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FF5AFC1BFE07FB97" bold="true" box="[189,428,1022,1048]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">Molecular analyses</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="793C36FEFFADFFD4FF5AFBD5FB5FFA12" blockId="4.[188,1400,1071,1437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">
In the phylogenetic relationships among species of
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FCCDFBCAFC60FBC6" authorityName="Hedicke" authorityYear="1933" box="[810,971,1071,1097]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Taeniandrena">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FCCDFBCAFC60FBC6" box="[810,971,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">Taeniandrena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="E1B82A7BFFADFFD4FC39FBCAFB8EFBC6" box="[990,1061,1071,1097]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[191,1395,760,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-172@5.[189,1398,749,1845]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Molecular phylogeny of the subgenus Taeniandrena Hedicke, 1933 with a focus on West Mediterranean species. Maximum clade credibility tree found in Bayesian analyses of sequence data of the mitochondrial gene COI; numbers above branches indicate posterior probabilities; values below 0.5 are omitted." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5101638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5101638/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), all species represented by more than one individual formed well-supported monophyletic groups, with the exception of
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FB1EFBB0FEF4FB1A" authority="(Kirby, 1802)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilkella">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FB1EFBB0FADDFBE0" box="[1273,1398,1109,1135]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. wilkella</emphasis>
(Kirby, 1802)
</taxonomicName>
, for which support was low (posterior probability, hereafter PP, of 0.74). These analyses confirm the distinctiveness of
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FDCEFB44FCD3FB35" authority="Benoist, 1961" authorityName="Benoist" authorityYear="1961" box="[553,888,1184,1211]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beaumonti" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FDCEFB44FD63FB35" box="[553,712,1184,1211]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. beaumonti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1D124B0FFFADFFD4FD35FB45FCD3FB35" author="Benoist R." box="[722,888,1184,1210]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" pagination="85 - 95" refId="ref21766" refString="Benoist R. 1961. Hymenopteres recoltes par une mission Suisse au Maroc (1947) Apidae, genre Andrena. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences naturelles et physiques du Maroc 41: 85 - 95." type="journal article" year="1961">Benoist, 1961</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50C45797FFADFFD4FC66FB44FC4CFB34" box="[897,999,1185,1211]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FBC2FB44FB0EFB35" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[1061,1189,1184,1211]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilkella">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FBC2FB44FB0EFB35" box="[1061,1189,1184,1211]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. wilkella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FAE0FB45FADDFB34" box="[1287,1398,1184,1211]" form="two" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" rank="form">form two</taxonomicName>
separate clades with
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FE5FFB23FD4BFB6E" authority="Wood &amp; Praz" authorityName="Wood &amp; Ghisbain &amp; Michez &amp; Praz" authorityYear="2021" box="[440,736,1222,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benoisti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FE5FFB23FD9CFB6F" box="[440,567,1222,1248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. benoisti</emphasis>
Wood &amp; Praz
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50C45797FFADFFD4FD0EFB22FCEDFB6E" box="[745,838,1223,1249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
sister to
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FC50FB23FB9CFB6F" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[951,1079,1222,1248]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilkella">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FC50FB23FB9CFB6F" box="[951,1079,1222,1248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. wilkella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FB94FB23FABAFB6F" authorityName="Benoist" authorityYear="1961" baseAuthorityName="Benoist" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[1139,1297,1222,1248]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beaumonti">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FB94FB23FABAFB6F" box="[1139,1297,1222,1248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. beaumonti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sister to
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FF58FB09FE92FA89" authorityName="Wood &amp; Ghisbain &amp; Michez &amp; Praz" authorityYear="2021" box="[191,313,1260,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benoisti">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FF58FB09FE92FA89" box="[191,313,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. benoisti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FEADFB09FE6DFA89" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[330,454,1260,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilkella">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FEADFB09FE6DFA89" box="[330,454,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. wilkella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The distinctiveness of
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FD30FB09FCE2FA89" authorityName="van der Vecht" authorityYear="1927" box="[727,841,1260,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gelriae">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FD30FB09FCE2FA89" box="[727,841,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. gelriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s. tr. and
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FC51FB09FB9CFA89" authorityName="Wood &amp; Ghisbain &amp; Michez &amp; Praz" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Warncke" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[950,1079,1260,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gredana" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FC51FB09FB9CFA89" box="[950,1079,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. gredana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50C45797FFADFFD4FBD9FB09FB0DFA89" box="[1086,1190,1260,1286]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is also supported; these taxa do not form a monophyletic group. The sampled specimens of
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FBF0FAF7FA9DFAA3" authority="(Kirby, 1802)" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[1047,1334,1297,1324]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovatula">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FBF0FAF7FB3BFAA4" box="[1047,1168,1297,1324]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. ovatula</emphasis>
(Kirby, 1802)
</taxonomicName>
were similar to specimens of
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FE3CFAD2FDF8FADE" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[475,595,1335,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="ovatula">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FE3CFAD2FDF8FADE" box="[475,595,1335,1361]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. ovatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50C45797FFADFFD4FDBBFADDFD30FADD" box="[604,667,1336,1362]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from northern Europe, a taxon that we consider distinct from most populations of
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FE53FAB8FD80FAF8" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[436,555,1373,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovatula">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FE53FAB8FD80FAF8" box="[436,555,1373,1399]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. ovatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
auct. from central and southern Europe (Praz &amp; Wood, in prep.). Lastly,
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FF5BFA66FE73FA12" authority="Wood &amp; Praz" authorityName="Wood &amp; Ghisbain &amp; Michez &amp; Praz" authorityYear="2021" box="[188,472,1410,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levante" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FF5BFA66FE99FA13" box="[188,306,1410,1437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. levante</emphasis>
Wood &amp; Praz
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50C45797FFADFFD4FE38FA66FD91FA12" box="[479,570,1411,1437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
was the sister species to
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FC87FA66FC7FFA13" authorityName="van der Vecht" authorityYear="1927" box="[864,980,1410,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="gelriae">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FC87FA66FC7FFA13" box="[864,980,1410,1437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. gelriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50C45797FFADFFD4FC3CFA66FBB2FA12" box="[987,1049,1411,1437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(PP less than 0.5).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="793C36FEFFADFFD4FF5AFA22FE42F966" blockId="4.[189,1399,1478,1769]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">
Average within-species, uncorrected genetic distances were low for
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FC01FA22FBF4FA6F" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[998,1119,1478,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovatula">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FC01FA22FBF4FA6F" box="[998,1119,1478,1505]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. ovatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FB89FA22FB5AFA6F" authorityName="Wood &amp; Ghisbain &amp; Michez &amp; Praz" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Warncke" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[1134,1265,1478,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gredana">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FB89FA22FB5AFA6F" box="[1134,1265,1478,1505]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. gredana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FAE7FA22FADCFA6F" authority="Wood &amp; Ghisbain &amp; Michez &amp; Praz, 2021" authorityName="Wood &amp; Ghisbain &amp; Michez &amp; Praz" authorityYear="2021" box="[1280,1399,1478,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levante" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FAE7FA22FADCFA6F" box="[1280,1399,1478,1505]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. levante</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50C45797FFADFFD4FF59FA08FEB6F988" box="[190,285,1517,1543]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FEBAFA09FE75F989" authority="Wood &amp; Ghisbain &amp; Michez &amp; Praz, 2021" authorityName="Wood &amp; Ghisbain &amp; Michez &amp; Praz" authorityYear="2021" box="[349,478,1516,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benoisti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FEBAFA09FE75F989" box="[349,478,1516,1542]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. benoisti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50C45797FFADFFD4FE0DFA08FDE2F988" box="[490,585,1517,1543]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(0.022%, 0.66%, 0.0% and 0.43%, respectively) and considerably higher for
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FEA3F9F7FE6CF9A3" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[324,455,1554,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilkella">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FEA3F9F7FE6CF9A3" box="[324,455,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. wilkella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1.18%) and
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FD90F9F7FC27F9A3" authority="Smith, 1849" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1849" box="[631,908,1554,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FD90F9F7FD41F9A3" box="[631,746,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. similis</emphasis>
Smith, 1849
</taxonomicName>
(1.17%). Uncorrected genetic distances between
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FEC1F9DDFE08F9DE" authority="Wood &amp; Ghisbain &amp; Michez &amp; Praz, 2021" authorityName="Wood &amp; Ghisbain &amp; Michez &amp; Praz" authorityYear="2021" box="[294,419,1591,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benoisti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FEC1F9DDFE08F9DE" box="[294,419,1591,1618]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. benoisti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50C45797FFADFFD4FE4DF9DDFDAFF9DD" box="[426,516,1592,1618]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FDDCF9DDFD13F9DE" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[571,696,1591,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilkella">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FDDCF9DDFD13F9DE" box="[571,696,1591,1618]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. wilkella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were on average 3.30% (range 2.863.86%), those between
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FF5AF9B8FE97F9F8" authority="Wood &amp; Ghisbain &amp; Michez &amp; Praz, 2021" authorityName="Wood &amp; Ghisbain &amp; Michez &amp; Praz" authorityYear="2021" box="[189,316,1629,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benoisti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FF5AF9B8FE97F9F8" box="[189,316,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. benoisti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50C45797FFADFFD4FEA1F9BBFE08F9F7" box="[326,419,1630,1656]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FE05F9B8FD2BF9F8" authorityName="Wood &amp; Ghisbain &amp; Michez &amp; Praz" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Benoist" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[482,640,1629,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beaumonti" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FE05F9B8FD2BF9F8" box="[482,640,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. beaumonti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50C45797FFADFFD4FD60F9BBFD47F9F7" box="[647,748,1630,1656]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
7.31% (range 7.137.61);
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FBD5F9B8FAB0F9F8" authorityName="Wood &amp; Ghisbain &amp; Michez &amp; Praz" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Benoist" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[1074,1307,1629,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beaumonti">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FBD5F9B8FAB0F9F8" box="[1074,1307,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">Andrena beaumonti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was on average 6.89% divergent from
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FDDBF966FD14F912" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[572,703,1667,1693]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilkella">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FDDBF966FD14F912" box="[572,703,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. wilkella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(range 6.627.26%). Distances between
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FB5DF966FAEBF912" authorityName="Wood &amp; Ghisbain &amp; Michez &amp; Praz" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Warncke" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[1210,1344,1667,1693]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gredana">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FB5DF966FAEBF912" box="[1210,1344,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. gredana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FF5AF94CFE99F94D" authorityName="van der Vecht" authorityYear="1927" box="[189,306,1704,1731]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gelriae">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FF5AF94CFE99F94D" box="[189,306,1704,1731]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. gelriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were on average 3.02% (range 2.983.07), those between
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FC0AF94CFBCFF94D" authority="Wood &amp; Ghisbain &amp; Michez &amp; Praz, 2021" authorityName="Wood &amp; Ghisbain &amp; Michez &amp; Praz" authorityYear="2021" box="[1005,1124,1704,1731]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levante" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FC0AF94CFBCFF94D" box="[1005,1124,1704,1731]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. levante</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50C45797FFADFFD4FB8CF94CFB6CF94C" box="[1131,1223,1705,1731]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FAE4F94CFADCF94D" authorityName="van der Vecht" authorityYear="1927" box="[1283,1399,1704,1731]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gelriae">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FAE4F94CFADCF94D" box="[1283,1399,1704,1731]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. gelriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
1.67% (range 1.511.75).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="793C36FEFFADFFD5FF5AF8F7FDECFDA6" blockId="4.[189,1399,1810,2025]" lastBlockId="5.[187,1399,265,553]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">
The analyses of the
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FE79F8F7FD1FF8A3" box="[414,692,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">Ptilandrena-Euandrena</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="E1B82A7BFFADFFD4FD23F8F7FCA2F8A3" box="[708,777,1810,1836]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1431,1457]" captionTargetBox="[189,1389,253,1397]" captionTargetId="figure-122@6.[189,1399,249,1405]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Molecular phylogeny of the Andrena angustior (Kirby, 1802) group within the broader Ptilandrena-Euandrena group. Maximum clade credibility tree found in Bayesian analyses of sequence data of the mitochondrial gene COI; numbers above branches indicate posterior probabilities; values below 0.5 are omitted." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5101640" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5101640/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) clade strongly support the recognition of
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FB0AF8F7FADEF8A3" authorityName="Wood &amp; Ghisbain &amp; Michez &amp; Praz" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Warncke" baseAuthorityYear="1967" box="[1261,1397,1810,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impressa" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FB0AF8F7FADEF8A3" box="[1261,1397,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. impressa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50C45797FFADFFD4FF5AF8DDFE81F8DD" box="[189,298,1848,1874]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
as a distinct species and not as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FC65F8DDFBBCF8DE" authorityName="TJWC" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[898,1047,1848,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustior">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FC65F8DDFBBCF8DE" box="[898,1047,1848,1874]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. angustior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; these taxa were not closely related in our trees (
<figureCitation id="E1B82A7BFFADFFD4FE53F8B8FE54F8F8" box="[436,511,1885,1911]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1431,1457]" captionTargetBox="[189,1389,253,1397]" captionTargetId="figure-122@6.[189,1399,249,1405]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Molecular phylogeny of the Andrena angustior (Kirby, 1802) group within the broader Ptilandrena-Euandrena group. Maximum clade credibility tree found in Bayesian analyses of sequence data of the mitochondrial gene COI; numbers above branches indicate posterior probabilities; values below 0.5 are omitted." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5101640" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5101640/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). The placement of
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FD13F8BBFC2AF8F8" authorityName="Wood &amp; Ghisbain &amp; Michez &amp; Praz" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Warncke" baseAuthorityYear="1967" box="[756,897,1886,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impressa">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FD13F8BBFC2AF8F8" box="[756,897,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. impressa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(sister to a clade composed of
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FAE6F8BBFE2CF812" authority="Stoeckhert, 1930" authorityName="Stoeckhert" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvata">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FAE6F8BBFADDF8F8" box="[1281,1398,1885,1912]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. fulvata</emphasis>
Stoeckhert, 1930
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FE71F866FD8CF812" authorityName="TJWC" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[406,551,1923,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustior">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FE71F866FD8CF812" box="[406,551,1923,1949]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. angustior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FDD0F866FCF0F811" authority="Warncke, 1975" authorityName="Warncke" authorityYear="1975" box="[567,859,1923,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="allosa">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FDD0F866FD0AF812" box="[567,673,1923,1949]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. allosa</emphasis>
Warncke, 1975
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FC70F866FAC5F812" authority="Praz, Muller &amp; Genoud, 2019" authorityName="Praz, Muller &amp; Genoud" authorityYear="2019" box="[919,1390,1923,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amieti">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FC70F866FBA9F812" box="[919,1026,1923,1949]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. amieti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1D124B0FFFADFFD4FBEDF861FAC5F812" author="Praz C. &amp; Muller A. &amp; Genoud D." box="[1034,1390,1923,1950]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" pagination="11 - 38" refId="ref23441" refString="Praz C., Muller A. &amp; Genoud D. 2019. Hidden diversity in European bees: Andrena amieti sp. n., a new Alpine bee species related to Andrena bicolor (Fabricius, 1775) (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Andrenidae). Alpine Entomology 3: 11 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / alpento. 3.29675" type="journal article" year="2019">Praz, Müller &amp; Genoud, 2019</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) was surprising given that
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FE1BF84CFD21F84D" authorityName="Wood &amp; Ghisbain &amp; Michez &amp; Praz" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Warncke" baseAuthorityYear="1967" box="[508,650,1961,1987]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impressa">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FE1BF84CFD21F84D" box="[508,650,1961,1987]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. impressa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares numerous morphological features with
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FB2DF84CFAEBF84C" authorityName="Stoeckhert" authorityYear="1930" box="[1226,1344,1961,1987]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvata">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FB2DF84CFAEBF84C" box="[1226,1344,1961,1987]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. fulvata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFADFFD4FF5AF82AFEE4F867" authorityName="TJWC" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[189,335,1999,2025]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustior">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFADFFD4FF5AF82AFEE4F867" box="[189,335,1999,2025]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">A. angustior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in particular the broadened gena and long male mandible, this character being absent in
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFACFFD5FF5AFEECFE82FEAC" authorityName="Warncke" authorityYear="1975" box="[189,297,265,291]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="allosa">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFACFFD5FF5AFEECFE82FEAC" box="[189,297,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="152">A. allosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFACFFD5FE8FFEECFE7EFEAC" authorityName="Praz, Muller &amp; Genoud" authorityYear="2019" box="[360,469,265,291]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amieti">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFACFFD5FE8FFEECFE7EFEAC" box="[360,469,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="152">A. amieti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, displaying the typical unbroadened gena found in
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFACFFD5FBBDFEECFB70FEAC" box="[1114,1243,265,291]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Euandrena">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFACFFD5FBBDFEECFB70FEAC" box="[1114,1243,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="152">Euandrena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Support for this arrangement was however very weak. Average genetic distances within
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFACFFD5FBDDFECAFB60FEC7" authorityName="TJWC" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[1082,1227,303,329]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustior">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFACFFD5FBDDFECAFB60FEC7" box="[1082,1227,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="152">A. angustior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFACFFD5FAE3FECAFADDFEC7" authorityName="Stoeckhert" authorityYear="1930" box="[1284,1398,302,329]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvata">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFACFFD5FAE3FECAFADDFEC7" box="[1284,1398,302,329]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="152">A. fulvata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were 0.20% and 0.38%; distances between these two taxa were on average 3.56% (range 3.104.15). The distances between the single specimen of
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFACFFD5FD3FFE9CFCCAFE1C" authorityName="Wood &amp; Ghisbain &amp; Michez &amp; Praz" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Warncke" baseAuthorityYear="1967" box="[728,865,377,403]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impressa">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFACFFD5FD3FFE9CFCCAFE1C" box="[728,865,377,403]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="152">A. impressa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and these two taxa were considerably higher: on average 8.22% for distances with
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFACFFD5FD90FE7AFD41FE37" authorityName="Stoeckhert" authorityYear="1930" box="[631,746,414,441]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvata">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFACFFD5FD90FE7AFD41FE37" box="[631,746,414,441]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="152">A. fulvata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(range 8.088.40) and 8.61% with
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFACFFD5FB75FE7AFA8FFE37" authorityName="TJWC" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[1170,1316,415,441]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustior">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFACFFD5FB75FE7AFA8FFE37" box="[1170,1316,415,441]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="152">A. angustior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(range 8.399.22). With the exception of the difference between
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFACFFD5FCA9FE21FC14FE51" authorityName="van der Vecht" authorityYear="1927" box="[846,959,452,478]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gelriae">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFACFFD5FCA9FE21FC14FE51" box="[846,959,452,478]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="152">A. gelriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BE834D7DFFACFFD5FC13FE21FBC3FE51" authority="Wood &amp; Ghisbain &amp; Michez &amp; Praz, 2021" authorityName="Wood &amp; Ghisbain &amp; Michez &amp; Praz" authorityYear="2021" box="[1012,1128,452,478]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Andrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levante" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFACFFD5FC13FE21FBC3FE51" box="[1012,1128,452,478]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="152">A. levante</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50C45797FFACFFD5FB88FE21FB61FE51" box="[1135,1226,452,478]" pageId="5" pageNumber="152" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, these between species genetic distances are well above the 2% divergence metric that typically indicates species-level differences (
<bibRefCitation id="1D124B0FFFACFFD5FEA9FDEBFD90FDA6" author="Schmidt S. &amp; Schmid-Egger C. &amp; Moriniere J. &amp; Haszprunar G. &amp; Hebert P. N." box="[334,571,526,553]" pageId="5" pageNumber="152" pagination="985 - 1000" refId="ref23633" refString="Schmidt S., Schmid-Egger C., Moriniere J., Haszprunar G. &amp; Hebert P. N. 2015. DNA barcoding largely supports 250 years of classical taxonomy: identifications for Central European bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea partim). Molecular Ecology Resources 15: 985 - 1000. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1755 - 0998.12363" type="journal article" year="2015">
Schmidt
<emphasis id="4BF7EAECFFACFFD5FE5EFDEAFE47FDA7" box="[441,492,526,552]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="152">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>