304 lines
39 KiB
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304 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.284.3983" ID-PMC="PMC3677377" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-284-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="192EFF970E2BFFDF3161FFE53C4BFFAA" ID-PubMed="23794843" ID-Zenodo-Dep="578323" ID-ZooBank="33B15A74746D4A82A865EA1E7E55A9BB" ModsDocID="1313-2970-284-1" checkinTime="1451247469560" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Shi, Hongliang, Zhou, Hongzhang & Liang, Hongbin" docDate="2013" docId="A31EF43E5BC2381AB9CB6BC8D53CF906" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 284: 1-129" docOrigin="ZooKeys 284" docPubDate="2013-04-04" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.284.3983" docTitle="Anchista Nietner 1856" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="192EFF970E2BFFDF3161FFE53C4BFFAA" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="192EFF970E2BFFDF3161FFE53C4BFFAA" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic synopsis of the subtribe Physoderina (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini), with species revisions of eight genera" masterLastPageNumber="129" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1668155586682" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic synopsis of the subtribe Physoderina (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini), with species revisions of eight genera</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Shi, Hongliang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China & Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Zhou, Hongzhang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liang, Hongbin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">lianghb@ioz.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2013-04-04</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>284</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>129</mods:end>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.284.3983</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.284.3983</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-284-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">33B15A74746D4A82A865EA1E7E55A9BB</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">192EFF970E2BFFDF3161FFE53C4BFFAA</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">578323</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152042244" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A31EF43E5BC2381AB9CB6BC8D53CF906" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A31EF43E5BC2381AB9CB6BC8D53CF906" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName LSID="A31EF43E-5BC2-381A-B9CB-6BC8D53CF906" authority="Nietner, 1856" authorityName="Nietner" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anchista" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anchista" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anchista Nietner, 1856</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nietner" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anchista" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anchista</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Nietner, J" journalOrPublisher="Etudes Entomologiques" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="B74" refString="Nietner, J, 1856. Entomological papers, being descriptions of new Ceylon Coleoptera with such observations on their habits as appear in any way interesting. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 25 [1856]: 381-394, 523-554." title="Entomological papers, being descriptions of new Ceylon Coleoptera with such observations on their habits as appear in any way interesting. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 25 [1856]: 381 - 394, 523 - 554." year="1856">Nietner 1856</bibRefCitation>
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: 523;
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<bibRefCitation author="Nietner, J" journalOrPublisher="Etudes Entomologiques" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" publicationUrl="10.1080/00222935708697726" refId="B75" refString="Nietner, J, 1857. Descriptions of new Ceylon Coleoptera. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (2) 19: 241-249, 374-388. ., 10.1080/00222935708697726" title="Descriptions of new Ceylon Coleoptera. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (2) 19: 241 - 249, 374 - 388." url="10.1080/00222935708697726" year="1857">Nietner 1857</bibRefCitation>
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: 374 (redundant publication);
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<bibRefCitation author="Chaudoir, BM" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="188 - 268" refId="B35" refString="Chaudoir, BM, 1877. Genres nouveaux et especes inedites de la famille des Carabiques. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 52 (1): 188 - 268" title="Genres nouveaux et especes inedites de la famille des Carabiques." volume="52" year="1877">Chaudoir 1877</bibRefCitation>
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: 236 (in part);
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<bibRefCitation author="Csiki, E" editor="Junk, W" journalOrPublisher="Volumen III. Carabidae III. Berlin" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="1279 - 1598" refId="B37" refString="Csiki, E, 1932. Carabidae: Harpalinae VII (Pars 124). In: Junk, W, Schenkling, S, Eds., Coleopterorum catalogus. Volumen III. Carabidae III. Berlin: 1279 - 1598" title="Carabidae: Harpalinae VII (Pars 124)." volumeTitle="Coleopterorum catalogus." year="1932">Csiki 1932</bibRefCitation>
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: 1455 (catalogue);
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<bibRefCitation author="Jedlicka, A" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Abhandlungen und Berichte aus dem Staatlichen Museum fuer Tierkunde in Dresden" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="269 - 579" refId="B58" refString="Jedlicka, A, 1963. Monographie der Truncatipennen aus Ostasien, Lebiinae- Odacanthinae- Braehyninae (Coleptera, Carabidae). Entomologische Abhandlungen und Berichte aus dem Staatlichen Museum fuer Tierkunde in Dresden 28: 269 - 579" title="Monographie der Truncatipennen aus Ostasien, Lebiinae- Odacanthinae- Braehyninae (Coleptera, Carabidae)." volume="28" year="1963">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jedlička">Jedlicka</normalizedToken>
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1963
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 449 (in part; key to species);
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<bibRefCitation author="Habu, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refId="B48" refString="Habu, A, 1967. Fauna Japonica, Carabidae Truncatipennes Group (Insecta: Coleoptera). Biogeographical Society of Japan. Japan, 338 pp." title="Fauna Japonica, Carabidae Truncatipennes Group (Insecta: Coleoptera). Biogeographical Society of Japan. Japan, 338 pp." year="1967">Habu 1967</bibRefCitation>
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: 137 (in part);
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<bibRefCitation author="Habu, A" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review of Japan" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="83 - 118" refId="B51" refString="Habu, A, 1982. Revised and supplementary notes on and descriptions of the Truncatipennes group of Japan (2) (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Entomological Review of Japan 37 (2): 83 - 118" title="Revised and supplementary notes on and descriptions of the Truncatipennes group of Japan (2) (Coleoptera, Carabidae)." volume="37" year="1982">Habu 1982</bibRefCitation>
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: 102 (in part);
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<bibRefCitation author="Kirschenhofer, E" journalOrPublisher="Linzer Biologische Beitraege" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="999 - 1067" refId="B61" refString="Kirschenhofer, E, 1994. Neue und wenig bekannte Carabidae aus der palaarktischen und orientalischen Region (Col., Carabidae, Lebiinae, Odacanthinae, Brachininae, Panagaeinae). Linzer Biologische Beitraege 26 (2): 999 - 1067" title="Neue und wenig bekannte Carabidae aus der palaarktischen und orientalischen Region (Col., Carabidae, Lebiinae, Odacanthinae, Brachininae, Panagaeinae)." volume="26" year="1994">Kirschenhofer 1994</bibRefCitation>
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: 1006 (in part; key to species).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="type-species">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Type-species:</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nietner" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anchista" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modesta">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Anchista modesta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Nietner, 1856 [=
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wiedemann" baseAuthorityYear="1823" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anchista" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Anchista brunnea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Wiedemann)], by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Mandibles moderately widened (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 138–157" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figures 138 - 157. Characters of Physoderina. 138 - 139 Internal reproductive system of females, scale bars = 0.2 mm: 138 Dasiosoma quadraticolle sp. n., a paratype from Yunnan 139 Orionella lewisii (Bates), a specimen from Zhejiang. 140 - 142 Right protibia, ventral view, showing the reduction of cleaning spur, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 140 Allocota aurata (Bates) (cleaning spur absent) 141 Allocota bicolor sp. n. (cleaning spur fine) 142 Diamella cupreomicans (Oberthuer) (cleaning spur well developed). 143 - 146 Terminal sternum, showing the setae and male emargination, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 143 Paraphaea binotata (Dejean), male (deeply emarginate, one seta on each side) 144 Paraphaea binotata (Dejean) (straight, two setae on each side), female 145 Allocota aurata (Bates), male (moderately emarginate, two setae on each side) 146 Allocota aurata (Bates), female (straight, two setae on each side, right side unusually with an additional seta). 147 - 148 Umbilical series of 9 th interval, right elytron, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 147 Paraphaea binotata (Dejean) (umbilical series placed in one row) 148 Metallanchista laticollis sp. n. (umbilical series placed in two rows). 149 - 150 Head, showing the different shape of mandibles, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 149 Paraphaea formosana (Jedlicka) (mandibles moderately widen) 150 Allocota bicolor sp. n. (mandibles strongly widen). 151 - 153 Pronotum, showing the different length of setae on front angle, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 151 Allocota viridipennis Motschulsky, (setae short and fine) 152 Allocota cyanipennis Heller, (setae relative long) 153 Allocota bicolor sp. n., (setae very long). 154 - 155 Pronotum, showing the difference on lateral margin, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 154 Anchista fenestrata fenestrata (Schmidt-Goebel), (lateral margin slightly angulated in middle) 155 Paraphaea formosana (Jedlicka), (lateral margin completely rounded in middle). 156 - 157 Pronotal hind angle, showing the geographical variation in Allocota bicolor sp. n., scale bars = 0.2 mm: 156 Allocota bicolor sp. n., a specimen from Guangdong, (hind angle sharp) 157 Allocota bicolor sp. n., holotype from Yunnan, (hind angle slightly rounded)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/29722" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 149</figureCitation>
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); pronotum with lateral margins slightly angulate in middle (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 138–157" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figures 138 - 157. Characters of Physoderina. 138 - 139 Internal reproductive system of females, scale bars = 0.2 mm: 138 Dasiosoma quadraticolle sp. n., a paratype from Yunnan 139 Orionella lewisii (Bates), a specimen from Zhejiang. 140 - 142 Right protibia, ventral view, showing the reduction of cleaning spur, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 140 Allocota aurata (Bates) (cleaning spur absent) 141 Allocota bicolor sp. n. (cleaning spur fine) 142 Diamella cupreomicans (Oberthuer) (cleaning spur well developed). 143 - 146 Terminal sternum, showing the setae and male emargination, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 143 Paraphaea binotata (Dejean), male (deeply emarginate, one seta on each side) 144 Paraphaea binotata (Dejean) (straight, two setae on each side), female 145 Allocota aurata (Bates), male (moderately emarginate, two setae on each side) 146 Allocota aurata (Bates), female (straight, two setae on each side, right side unusually with an additional seta). 147 - 148 Umbilical series of 9 th interval, right elytron, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 147 Paraphaea binotata (Dejean) (umbilical series placed in one row) 148 Metallanchista laticollis sp. n. (umbilical series placed in two rows). 149 - 150 Head, showing the different shape of mandibles, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 149 Paraphaea formosana (Jedlicka) (mandibles moderately widen) 150 Allocota bicolor sp. n. (mandibles strongly widen). 151 - 153 Pronotum, showing the different length of setae on front angle, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 151 Allocota viridipennis Motschulsky, (setae short and fine) 152 Allocota cyanipennis Heller, (setae relative long) 153 Allocota bicolor sp. n., (setae very long). 154 - 155 Pronotum, showing the difference on lateral margin, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 154 Anchista fenestrata fenestrata (Schmidt-Goebel), (lateral margin slightly angulated in middle) 155 Paraphaea formosana (Jedlicka), (lateral margin completely rounded in middle). 156 - 157 Pronotal hind angle, showing the geographical variation in Allocota bicolor sp. n., scale bars = 0.2 mm: 156 Allocota bicolor sp. n., a specimen from Guangdong, (hind angle sharp) 157 Allocota bicolor sp. n., holotype from Yunnan, (hind angle slightly rounded)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/29722" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 154</figureCitation>
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), mid-lateral setae present; elytral 5th interval with one to four setigerous pores near base; terminal sternum of males moderately emarginate, with one pair of setae; median lobe of aedeagus usually strongly setose around apical orifice, internal sac without flagellum.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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This genus is most closely related to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Shi & Zhou & Liang" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paraphaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Paraphaea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Bates and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Shi & Liang" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Metallanchista" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Metallanchista</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. n. Comparison of these genera is presented in the key to genera and in the diagnosis of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Shi & Zhou & Liang" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paraphaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Paraphaea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Shi & Liang" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Metallanchista" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Metallanchista</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="generic characters">
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Generic characters.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Dorsal side generally reddish brown to dark brown; elytra unicolored or bicolored.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Head</emphasis>
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glabrous or sparsely pubescent; eyes hemispherical and strongly prominent; tempora shorter than half length of eyes, strongly narrowed behind eyes; vertex flat. Antennae extended to elytral base; 1st antennomere gradually narrowed to base, 3rd slightly longer than 4th. Labrum smooth, without secondary setae; mandibles moderately widened, outer margin nearly straight (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 138–157" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figures 138 - 157. Characters of Physoderina. 138 - 139 Internal reproductive system of females, scale bars = 0.2 mm: 138 Dasiosoma quadraticolle sp. n., a paratype from Yunnan 139 Orionella lewisii (Bates), a specimen from Zhejiang. 140 - 142 Right protibia, ventral view, showing the reduction of cleaning spur, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 140 Allocota aurata (Bates) (cleaning spur absent) 141 Allocota bicolor sp. n. (cleaning spur fine) 142 Diamella cupreomicans (Oberthuer) (cleaning spur well developed). 143 - 146 Terminal sternum, showing the setae and male emargination, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 143 Paraphaea binotata (Dejean), male (deeply emarginate, one seta on each side) 144 Paraphaea binotata (Dejean) (straight, two setae on each side), female 145 Allocota aurata (Bates), male (moderately emarginate, two setae on each side) 146 Allocota aurata (Bates), female (straight, two setae on each side, right side unusually with an additional seta). 147 - 148 Umbilical series of 9 th interval, right elytron, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 147 Paraphaea binotata (Dejean) (umbilical series placed in one row) 148 Metallanchista laticollis sp. n. (umbilical series placed in two rows). 149 - 150 Head, showing the different shape of mandibles, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 149 Paraphaea formosana (Jedlicka) (mandibles moderately widen) 150 Allocota bicolor sp. n. (mandibles strongly widen). 151 - 153 Pronotum, showing the different length of setae on front angle, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 151 Allocota viridipennis Motschulsky, (setae short and fine) 152 Allocota cyanipennis Heller, (setae relative long) 153 Allocota bicolor sp. n., (setae very long). 154 - 155 Pronotum, showing the difference on lateral margin, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 154 Anchista fenestrata fenestrata (Schmidt-Goebel), (lateral margin slightly angulated in middle) 155 Paraphaea formosana (Jedlicka), (lateral margin completely rounded in middle). 156 - 157 Pronotal hind angle, showing the geographical variation in Allocota bicolor sp. n., scale bars = 0.2 mm: 156 Allocota bicolor sp. n., a specimen from Guangdong, (hind angle sharp) 157 Allocota bicolor sp. n., holotype from Yunnan, (hind angle slightly rounded)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/29722" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 149</figureCitation>
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), glabrous on outer scrobe and dorsal ridge; terminal maxillary palpomeres fusiform in both sexes; terminal labial palpomeres strongly securiform, apex truncate in males, less widened in females; ligula with apex slightly projected, with four long setae; paraglossae membranous, not longer than ligula, adnate; mentum tooth simple, with
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<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="21" start="start">two</pageBreakToken>
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setae near base; submentum with two long setae; genae glabrous or sparsely pubescent beneath eyes.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Pronotum</emphasis>
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slightly wider than head, disc glabrous or pubescent; mid-lateral setae present; front angles more or less setose, hind angles generally with a few additional short setae; pronotal base briefly but distinctly lobed; lateral margins slightly angulate in middle (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 138–157" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figures 138 - 157. Characters of Physoderina. 138 - 139 Internal reproductive system of females, scale bars = 0.2 mm: 138 Dasiosoma quadraticolle sp. n., a paratype from Yunnan 139 Orionella lewisii (Bates), a specimen from Zhejiang. 140 - 142 Right protibia, ventral view, showing the reduction of cleaning spur, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 140 Allocota aurata (Bates) (cleaning spur absent) 141 Allocota bicolor sp. n. (cleaning spur fine) 142 Diamella cupreomicans (Oberthuer) (cleaning spur well developed). 143 - 146 Terminal sternum, showing the setae and male emargination, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 143 Paraphaea binotata (Dejean), male (deeply emarginate, one seta on each side) 144 Paraphaea binotata (Dejean) (straight, two setae on each side), female 145 Allocota aurata (Bates), male (moderately emarginate, two setae on each side) 146 Allocota aurata (Bates), female (straight, two setae on each side, right side unusually with an additional seta). 147 - 148 Umbilical series of 9 th interval, right elytron, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 147 Paraphaea binotata (Dejean) (umbilical series placed in one row) 148 Metallanchista laticollis sp. n. (umbilical series placed in two rows). 149 - 150 Head, showing the different shape of mandibles, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 149 Paraphaea formosana (Jedlicka) (mandibles moderately widen) 150 Allocota bicolor sp. n. (mandibles strongly widen). 151 - 153 Pronotum, showing the different length of setae on front angle, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 151 Allocota viridipennis Motschulsky, (setae short and fine) 152 Allocota cyanipennis Heller, (setae relative long) 153 Allocota bicolor sp. n., (setae very long). 154 - 155 Pronotum, showing the difference on lateral margin, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 154 Anchista fenestrata fenestrata (Schmidt-Goebel), (lateral margin slightly angulated in middle) 155 Paraphaea formosana (Jedlicka), (lateral margin completely rounded in middle). 156 - 157 Pronotal hind angle, showing the geographical variation in Allocota bicolor sp. n., scale bars = 0.2 mm: 156 Allocota bicolor sp. n., a specimen from Guangdong, (hind angle sharp) 157 Allocota bicolor sp. n., holotype from Yunnan, (hind angle slightly rounded)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/29722" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 154</figureCitation>
|
||
), distinctly sinuate before hind angles; hind angles sharp, rectangular or nearly so.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Elytra</emphasis>
|
||
wide, apex truncate, sutural angles not projected, outer angles evenly rounded; laterally slightly depressed in basal one-third, disc with an indistinct depression near basal two-fifths; umbilical pores of 9th interval placed in one row (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 138–157" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figures 138 - 157. Characters of Physoderina. 138 - 139 Internal reproductive system of females, scale bars = 0.2 mm: 138 Dasiosoma quadraticolle sp. n., a paratype from Yunnan 139 Orionella lewisii (Bates), a specimen from Zhejiang. 140 - 142 Right protibia, ventral view, showing the reduction of cleaning spur, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 140 Allocota aurata (Bates) (cleaning spur absent) 141 Allocota bicolor sp. n. (cleaning spur fine) 142 Diamella cupreomicans (Oberthuer) (cleaning spur well developed). 143 - 146 Terminal sternum, showing the setae and male emargination, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 143 Paraphaea binotata (Dejean), male (deeply emarginate, one seta on each side) 144 Paraphaea binotata (Dejean) (straight, two setae on each side), female 145 Allocota aurata (Bates), male (moderately emarginate, two setae on each side) 146 Allocota aurata (Bates), female (straight, two setae on each side, right side unusually with an additional seta). 147 - 148 Umbilical series of 9 th interval, right elytron, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 147 Paraphaea binotata (Dejean) (umbilical series placed in one row) 148 Metallanchista laticollis sp. n. (umbilical series placed in two rows). 149 - 150 Head, showing the different shape of mandibles, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 149 Paraphaea formosana (Jedlicka) (mandibles moderately widen) 150 Allocota bicolor sp. n. (mandibles strongly widen). 151 - 153 Pronotum, showing the different length of setae on front angle, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 151 Allocota viridipennis Motschulsky, (setae short and fine) 152 Allocota cyanipennis Heller, (setae relative long) 153 Allocota bicolor sp. n., (setae very long). 154 - 155 Pronotum, showing the difference on lateral margin, scale bars = 0.5 mm: 154 Anchista fenestrata fenestrata (Schmidt-Goebel), (lateral margin slightly angulated in middle) 155 Paraphaea formosana (Jedlicka), (lateral margin completely rounded in middle). 156 - 157 Pronotal hind angle, showing the geographical variation in Allocota bicolor sp. n., scale bars = 0.2 mm: 156 Allocota bicolor sp. n., a specimen from Guangdong, (hind angle sharp) 157 Allocota bicolor sp. n., holotype from Yunnan, (hind angle slightly rounded)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/29722" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 147</figureCitation>
|
||
); basal margination nearly complete or only reaching to 3rd interval; basal pores well developed; 3rd interval with two to four primary setigerous pores, 5th interval with one to four primary setigerous pores near base; elytra glabrous or pubescent; 7th and 8th intervals slightly tumid near apex.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ventral side</emphasis>
|
||
nearly glabrous; males with apex of terminal sternum moderately emarginate, with one pair of setae; females with apex of terminal sternum straight or slightly emarginate, with two pairs of setae.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
short; protibiae with cleaning spur well developed, quite distant from inner margin; tarsi widened, 4th tarsomere bifid, claws pectinate; males with adhesive hairs well developed (two whole rows) on 1st to 3rd protarsomeres; well developed or rudimentary (two rows but very weakly present near apex) on first three mesotarsomeres; absent on metatarsomeres.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
with median lobe of aedeagus nearly straight, not twisted; apical orifice opened dorsally, basal margin of apical orifice setose or glabrous; internal sac without flagellum or apical bursa, with weakly sclerotized sclerites and spined areas on internal sac.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Female genitalia.</emphasis>
|
||
Spermatheca tubular, not bent, with indistinct ring-sculpture, inserted on bursa copulatrix; spermathecal gland slender and long, inserted near apex of spermatheca. Apical segment of ovipositor scimitar-form, curved to outer side, inner margin slightly angulate near apex; with fine fluff near apex; apex with elongate membranous extension.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Map 3" captionStartId="F47" captionText="Map 3. Known distribution of genus Anchista: ◆ Anchista brunnea (Wiedemann) ★ Anchista nubila Andrewes ● Anchista pilosa sp. n. △ Anchista fenestrata fenestrata (Schmidt-Goebel) ▼ Anchista fenestrata subpubescens Chaudoir." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/29725" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Map 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). This genus includes four species.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shi & Liang" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anchista" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Anchista pilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from the type locality (Bangalore, south India). The other three species are found in many localities in Indian Subcontinent, with
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schmidt-Goebel" baseAuthorityYear="1846" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anchista" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestrata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Anchista fenestrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also occurring in Myanmar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="monophyly and relationships">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Monophyly and relationships.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
The relationship between
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nietner" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anchista" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Anchista</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shi & Zhou & Liang" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paraphaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Paraphaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is discussed under
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shi & Zhou & Liang" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paraphaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Paraphaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nietner" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anchista" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Anchista</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is suggested by the following apomorphic character states: (1) pronotum slightly angulate in middle; (2) median lobe of aedeagus with main flagellum reduced, usually setose around apical orifice; (3) spermathecal gland inserted near apex of spermatheca.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="taxonomic comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Taxonomic comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Based on setose aedeagal apical orifice and mandibles moderately widened,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nietner" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anchista" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Anchista</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shi & Zhou & Liang" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paraphaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Paraphaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bates, although they have a different aedeagal internal sac, male secondary sexual character and distribution center.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nietner" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anchista" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Anchista</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, together with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shi & Liang" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Metallanchista" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Metallanchista</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. n., is unique in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Physoderina" lsidName="" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="genus">Physoderina</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having an aedeagal internal sac without flagellum. The slightly sclerotized area near the median lobe base shows a reduced trumpet-form expansion (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 71" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 71. Median lobe of male genitalia, right-lateral, ventral, left-lateral, dorsal views of Anchista fenestrata fenestrata (Schmidt-Goebel), a specimen from Chota Nagpore." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/29689" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 71</figureCitation>
|
||
), so we believe these three genera are closely allied.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="22" start="start">Key</pageBreakToken>
|
||
to species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nietner" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anchista" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Anchista</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Nietner
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<table inLine="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<tr pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">Dorsal side evenly pubescent on most areas</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">Dorsal side glabrous</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">Basal margination of elytra only extended to 3rd interval; males with adhesive hairs well developed (two whole rows) on 1st mesotarsomere; median lobe of aedeagus with apical orifice glabrous. South India</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shi & Liang" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anchista" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Anchista pilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">Basal margination of elytra nearly complete; males with adhesive hairs rudimentary (weakly present near apex) on 1st mesotarsomere; median lobe of aedeagus with long setae around apical orifice; northern India and Pakistan</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1877" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anchista" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="fenestrata" subSpecies="subpubescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Anchista fenestrata subpubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Chaudoir
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">Third interval with two setigerous pores; 5th interval with one setigerous pore near base</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wiedemann" baseAuthorityYear="1823" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anchista" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Anchista brunnea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Wiedemann)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">Third interval with three or more setigerous pores; 5th interval with two or more setigerous pores near base</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">Pronotum distinctly angulate in middle; front angles with very short setae; elytra uniform reddish brown, sometimes with disc slightly paler, but not forming distinct pattern; males with adhesive hairs well developed (two whole rows) on 2nd and 3rd mesotarsomeres</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Andrewes" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anchista" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubila">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Anchista nubila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Andrewes
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">Pronotum slightly angulate in middle; front angles with long setae; elytra usually with distinct bicolored pattern; males with adhesive hairs rudimentary (weakly present near apex) on 2nd and 3rd mesotarsomeres</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="fenestrata" authorityName="fenestrata (Schmidt-Goebel" authorityYear="1846" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anchista" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="fenestrata" subSpecies="fenestrata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Anchista fenestrata fenestrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schmidt-Göbel">Schmidt-Goebel</normalizedToken>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |