190 lines
18 KiB
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190 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.891.36027" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dc0e74d5-f9a0-4ae1-93f9-c0f60431eb90" ID-PMC="PMC6882928" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-891-71" ID-Pensoft-UUID="76F1823B3926587AB20B249DB0DD1D1B" ID-PubMed="31802973" ID-ZooBank="F3F32E940AB749C4A108162690F122B4" ModsDocID="1313-2970-891-71" checkinTime="1574358824618" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Dehon, Manuel, Engel, Michael S., Gerard, Maxence, Aytekin, A. Murat, Ghisbain, Guillaume, Williams, Paul H., Rasmont, Pierre & Michez, Denis" docDate="2019" docId="FE696027FDB2596495F879E0A31272A6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 891: 71-118" docOrigin="ZooKeys 891" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.891.36027" docTitle="Bombus (Mendacibombus) beskonakensis Nel & Petrulevicius 2003, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="76F1823B3926587AB20B249DB0DD1D1B" lastPageNumber="71" masterDocId="76F1823B3926587AB20B249DB0DD1D1B" masterDocTitle="Morphometric analysis of fossil bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombini) reveals their taxonomic affinities" masterLastPageNumber="118" masterPageNumber="71" pageNumber="71" updateTime="1668168126927" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Morphometric analysis of fossil bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombini) reveals their taxonomic affinities</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Dehon, Manuel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Engel, Michael S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Gerard, Maxence</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Aytekin, A. Murat</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Ghisbain, Guillaume</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Williams, Paul H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rasmont, Pierre</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Michez, Denis</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>891</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>71</mods:start>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.891.36027</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.891.36027</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-891-71</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F3F32E940AB749C4A108162690F122B4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="160511250" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FE696027FDB2596495F879E0A31272A6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE696027FDB2596495F879E0A31272A6" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName LSID="FE696027-FDB2-5964-95F8-79E0A31272A6" authority="Nel & Petrulevicius, 2003" authorityName="Nel & Petrulevicius" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bombus (Mendacibombus) beskonakensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beskonakensis" subGenus="Mendacibombus">
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Bombus (Mendacibombus) beskonakensis (Nel &
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Petrulevičius">Petrulevicius</normalizedToken>
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, 2003)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="71">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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Female worker. MNHN-LP-B.47780 (BK349, coll. Paichelier, in 1977), part and counterpart, deposited in the Laboratoire de Palaeontologie,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Muséum">Museum</normalizedToken>
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national
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Histoire">d'Histoire</normalizedToken>
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naturelle, Paris, France. Type specimen has been located and revised (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Representative fossil bumble bees A Oligobombus cuspidatus (photograph by Antropov et al. (2014)) B Holotype of Calyptapis florissantensis (photograph by Manuel Dehon) C C. florissantensis (photograph by Talia S. Karim) D Bombus (Paraelectrobombus) patriciae (photograph by Gaelle Doitteau) E B. (Mendacibombus) beskonakensis (photograph by Gaelle Doitteau)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.891.36027.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/358113" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.891.36027.figure1">Figs 1E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Forewing drawings of the fossil bumble bees studied herein. Some forewings were mirrored to enable comparison across all specimens A Oligobombus cuspidatus (mirrored) B Holotype of Calyptapis florissantensis (mirrored) C C. florissantensis D Bombus (Paraelectrobombus) patriciae (mirrored) E B. (Mendacibombus) beskonakensis F B. (Cullumanobombus) trophonius (mirrored) G B. (Cullumanobombus) randeckensis (mirrored) H B. vetustus I B. (Cullumanobombus) pristinus (mirrored) J B. (Melanobombus) cerdanyensis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.891.36027.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/358115" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.891.36027.figure3">3E</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="type strata and locality">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Type strata and locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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Oligocene-Miocene boundary, 22.5 Ma, volcano-sedimentary paleolake, BesKonak Basin, Anatolia, Turkey (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-6995(78)80018-7" author="Paichelier, J-C" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="43 - 65" refId="B94" refString="Paichelier, J-C, De Broin, F, Gaudant, J, Mourer-Chauvire, C, Rage, JC, Vergnaud-Grazzini, C, 1978. Le bassin lacustre de Bes-Konak (Anatolie, Turquie). Geologie et introduction a la paleontologie des vertebres. Geobios 11: 43 - 65" title="Le bassin lacustre de Bes-Konak (Anatolie, Turquie). Geologie et introduction a la paleontologie des vertebres." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-6995(78)80018-7" volume="11" year="1978">Paichelier et al. 1978</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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Habitus and hind and forewing venation similar to those of extant
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="tribe" tribe="Bombini">Bombini</taxonomicName>
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, with pterostigma short but longer than prestigma, and metatibial spurs not visible as preserved (seemingly obscured by leg orientation). Short process of proximal posterior corner of metabasitarsus apparently preserved. See
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/03115510308619108" author="Nel, A" journalOrPublisher="Alcheringa" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="227 - 293" refId="B89" refString="Nel, A, Petrulevicius, JF, 2003. New Palaeogene bees from Europe and Asia. Alcheringa 27: 227 - 293" title="New Palaeogene bees from Europe and Asia." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/03115510308619108" volume="27" year="2003">
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Nel and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Petrulevičius">Petrulevicius</normalizedToken>
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(2003)
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</bibRefCitation>
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for original diagnosis.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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Wing membrane red-brown, setose throughout; forewing length 15.0 mm; maximum width 5.2 mm as preserved; pterostigma slightly longer than prestigma, with posterior margin aligned with vein Sc+R; marginal cell with apex closed by strong vein; three submarginal cells of approximately same size; basal vein long, oblique and slightly curved in its base, slightly basad cu-a; cu-a straight; 1m-cu strongly curved apically in its anterior half, reaching second submarginal cell near midpoint; 2m-cu curved apically, reaching M basad to 2rs-m; second abscissa of Rs slightly double-curved; 1rs-m almost straight; 2rs-m with posterior half curved apically; prosoma length 6.3 mm, covered with long and dark hair; mouthparts not preserved, except for galea which is elongate; antennae approximately 3.5 mm long, with nine or ten visible flagellomeres, scape and pedicel poorly preserved; mesosoma length 8.0 mm, height 5.0 mm; metafemur length 4.2 mm, width 1.4 mm, with long curved hair; metatibia length 4.5 mm, width 1.8 mm, with corbicula; metabasitibial plate absent; metatibial spurs not visible as preserved (apparently owing to leg orientation); metabasitarsus length 2.7 mm, width 1.7 mm, with auricle preserved; arolia and claws not visible as preserved; metasoma length 9.0 mm, height 4.5 mm, covered with short setae. See
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/03115510308619108" author="Nel, A" journalOrPublisher="Alcheringa" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="227 - 293" refId="B89" refString="Nel, A, Petrulevicius, JF, 2003. New Palaeogene bees from Europe and Asia. Alcheringa 27: 227 - 293" title="New Palaeogene bees from Europe and Asia." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/03115510308619108" volume="27" year="2003">
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Nel and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Petrulevičius">Petrulevicius</normalizedToken>
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(2003)
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</bibRefCitation>
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for original description.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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The fossil was first described as
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Oligoapis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligoapis beskonakensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beskonakensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Oligoapis beskonakensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/03115510308619108" author="Nel, A" journalOrPublisher="Alcheringa" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="227 - 293" refId="B89" refString="Nel, A, Petrulevicius, JF, 2003. New Palaeogene bees from Europe and Asia. Alcheringa 27: 227 - 293" title="New Palaeogene bees from Europe and Asia." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/03115510308619108" volume="27" year="2003">
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Nel and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Petrulevičius">Petrulevicius</normalizedToken>
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(2003)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. The specimen is remarkably similar to extant
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="tribe" tribe="Bombini">Bombini</taxonomicName>
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in terms of its habitus and wing venation. However, the authors decided to place it in a separate genus of an undetermined corbiculate tribe owing to its pterostigma smaller than the prestigma, and by the putative absence of metatibial spurs. The absence of metatibial spurs is merely due to the lack of preservation and not to the definitive absence of spurs, and therefore this character cannot be evaluated. The metatibia is preserved with its outer surface exposed and the presence of spurs (particularly if they were reduced in size) on the inner anterior angle could not be observed in this orientation. In extant species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Mendacibombus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mendacibombus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Mendacibombus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, females are characterized by a few long bristles emerging from the outer surface of the metatibia, by a metatibia with the outer surface imbricate, i.e. coarsely sculptured, as well as by an unusually short (i.e., for
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bombus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Bombus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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s. l.) process of the proximal posterior corner of the metabasitarsus (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2007052" author="Williams, PH" journalOrPublisher="Apidologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="46 - 74" refId="B137" refString="Williams, PH, Cameron, SA, Hines, HM, Cederberg, B, Rasmont, P, 2008. A simplified subgeneric classification of the bumblebees (genus Bombus). Apidologie 39: 46 - 74" title="A simplified subgeneric classification of the bumblebees (genus Bombus)." url="https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2007052" volume="39" year="2008">Williams et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4204.1.1" author="Williams, PH" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 72" refId="B139" refString="Williams, PH, Huang, J, Rasmont, P, An, J, 2016. Early-diverging bumblebees from across the roof of the world: the high-mountain subgenus Mendacibombus revised from species' gene coalescence and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Zootaxa 4204: 1 - 72" title="Early-diverging bumblebees from across the roof of the world: the high-mountain subgenus Mendacibombus revised from species' gene coalescence and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4204.1.1" volume="4204" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
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). In the fossil, the long bristles emerging from the outer surface of the metatibia are not visible, while the short process of the proximal posterior corner of the metabasitarsus appears to be present. Furthermore, it is challenging to assess if the metatibia outer surface is coarsely sculptured due to the taphonomy of the specimen.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
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We consider the fossil as a stem group within
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Mendacibombus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mendacibombus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Mendacibombus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and thus synonymize
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Oligoapis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligoapis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oligoapis</taxonomicName>
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under that subgenus. Like
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Oligoapis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligoapis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oligoapis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Mendacibombus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mendacibombus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Mendacibombus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a relatively reduced pterostigma, further emphasizing the similarity between these groups. Interestingly, this species from the Oligocene-Miocene boundary (i.e., 22.5 Ma) comes from a deposit near the estimated Old World origin of this subgenus (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4204.1.1" author="Williams, PH" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 72" refId="B139" refString="Williams, PH, Huang, J, Rasmont, P, An, J, 2016. Early-diverging bumblebees from across the roof of the world: the high-mountain subgenus Mendacibombus revised from species' gene coalescence and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Zootaxa 4204: 1 - 72" title="Early-diverging bumblebees from across the roof of the world: the high-mountain subgenus Mendacibombus revised from species' gene coalescence and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4204.1.1" volume="4204" year="2016">Williams et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
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). Because of the overall morphological assessment we place the species as a stem group within
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Mendacibombus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mendacibombus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Mendacibombus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |