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<mods:title id="F6DB337E8521DA3F6EF75906EC79D15D">Excavating sponges from the Pacific of Central America, descriptions and a faunistic record</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BA76C734F6F74BA76DA64C5175246BB4">Pacheco, Cristian</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="BC2D87B27B75E54B5FB584FFFB86FF2F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5979157" ID-GBIF-Taxon="140317910" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5979157" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC2D87B27B75E54B5FB584FFFB86FF2F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BC2D87B27B75E54B5FB584FFFB86FF2F" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="477" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
<subSubSection id="7C9E652F7B75E5485FB584FFFC97F8BA" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="343B36A47B75E5485FB584FFFD89F924" blockId="25.[151,519,1733,1759]" box="[151,519,1733,1759]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
<heading id="6F7381C87B75E5485FB584FFFD89F924" bold="true" box="[151,519,1733,1759]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" reason="1">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B75E5485FB584FFFD89F924" bold="true" box="[151,519,1733,1759]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="F3844D277B75E5485FCC84FFFD89F924" authority="Hancock, 1849" authorityName="Hancock" authorityYear="1849" box="[238,519,1733,1759]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thoosidae" genus="Thoosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B75E5485FCC84FFFEC6F924" bold="true" box="[238,328,1733,1759]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Thoosa</emphasis>
Hancock, 1849
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<paragraph id="343B36A47B75E5485FB58536FC97F8BA" blockId="25.[151,1436,1804,1857]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B75E5485FB58536FE83F8D9" bold="true" box="[151,269,1804,1826]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Synonymy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F3844D277B75E5485E378536FDA9F8D9" authority="Topsent, 1928" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1928" box="[277,551,1804,1826]" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Annandalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B75E5485E378536FE01F8D9" box="[277,399,1804,1826]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Annandalea</emphasis>
Topsent, 1928
</taxonomicName>
(junior synonym).
<taxonomicName id="F3844D277B75E5485DCC8536FB83F8D9" authority="Topsent, 1932" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1932" box="[750,1037,1804,1826]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thoosidae" genus="Annandalena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B75E5485DCC8536FCFBF8D9" box="[750,885,1804,1826]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Annandalena</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="50154B557B75E5485C5E8537FB83F8D9" author="Topsent" box="[892,1037,1804,1826]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" refString="Topsent, E. (1932) Notes sur les Clionides. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 74, 549 - 579." type="journal article" year="1932">Topsent, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(junior synonym).
<taxonomicName id="F3844D277B75E5485BF18536FF74F8BA" authority="Laubenfels, 1936" authorityName="Laubenfels" authorityYear="1936" class="Demospongiae" family="Thoosidae" genus="Thooce" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B75E5485BF18536FA90F8D9" box="[1235,1310,1804,1826]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Thooce</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="50154B557B75E5485A078536FF74F8BA" author="Laubenfels" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de (1936) A comparison of the shallow-water sponges near the Pacific end of the Panama Canal with those at the Caribbean end. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 83, 441 - 466. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.83 - 2993.441" type="journal article" year="1936">Laubenfels, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(junior synonym). Not
<taxonomicName id="F3844D277B75E5485ECB8511FC98F8BA" authority="sensu Topsent (1888)" authorityName="sensu Topsent" authorityYear="1888" box="[489,790,1835,1857]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thoosidae" genus="Thoosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B75E5485ECB8511FDFCF8BA" box="[489,626,1835,1857]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Thoosa sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="50154B557B75E5485D5B8516FC98F8BA" author="Topsent" box="[633,790,1835,1857]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" refString="Topsent, E. (1888) Contribution a l´etude des Clionides. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 5, 1 - 165." type="journal article" year="1888">Topsent (1888)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7C9E652F7B75E54B5FB58557FB86FF2F" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="477" pageId="25" pageNumber="476" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="343B36A47B75E5485FB58557FA13F809" blockId="25.[151,1437,1901,2034]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B75E5485FB58557FE9FF87D" bold="true" box="[151,273,1901,1926]" pageId="25" pageNumber="476">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Sponges always in alpha morphology, with wide array of different spicule types including monaxons such as tylostyles and oxeas as megascleres. Tylostyles only in some species, and occasionally missing in some specimens or populations. Microscleres most commonly as amphiasters, oxyasters and their derivates. Amphiasters mostly tylote, with microspination on all extremities, but variations in different species include smooth oxeote rays.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="343B36A47B76E54B5FB582A2FB86FF2F" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,213]" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">
Oxyasters with small centre, rays commonly reduced, leading to centrotylote sigmoid or tylostylote forms. Biradiate forms can appear like birdwings (adapted from
<bibRefCitation id="50154B557B76E54B5C3B8286FC72FF2F" author="Carballo" box="[793,1020,188,213]" pageId="26" pageNumber="477" refString="Carballo, J. L., Cruz-Barraza, J. A. &amp; Gomez, P. (2004) Taxonomy and description of clionaid sponges (Hadromerida, Clionaidae) from the Pacific Ocean of Mexico. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 141, 353 - 397. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2004.00126. x" type="journal article" year="2004">
Carballo
<emphasis id="06F0EAB67B76E54B5CA28287FC37FF2E" box="[896,953,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="477">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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